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El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica que produce daño a diferentes órganos y sistemas, lo que conlleva una morbilidad significativa y un aumento en el riesgo de muerte. Es más frecuente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. A nivel mundial, el LES afecta aproximadamente a 5 millones de personas. Si bien puede presentarse en cualquier región geográfica, se ha demostrado que existe una mayor incidencia y prevalencia en afroamericanos, asiáticos e hispanos. Sin embargo, la información epidemiológica disponible sobre esta enfermedad proviene mayormente de países europeos y asiáticos, así como de EE. UU. En Latinoamérica (LATAM), pocos países cuentan con estudios descriptivos, como Argentina, Colombia y México, los cuales reportan diferentes incidencias y prevalencias, probablemente asociadas a diferencias étnicas y reportes. Esta revisión tiene como finalidad resumir la información epidemiológica actual sobre el LES en LATAM. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects several organs, causing significant morbidity and increased mortality. It's more frequent in young, fertile women and can appear in all ethnic groups. The worldwide prevalence report indicates that there are at least 5 million patients with SLE. Although this disease can be found in every geographic region, certain races are more affected, such as Afro-American, Hispanic, and Asian populations. Furthermore, most of the epidemiologic information comes from Europe or the USA. In Latin America, only a few countries have reported data, like Argentina, Colombia, or Mexico, and even in these countries, the numbers vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To determine in patients without social security with type 2 diabetes mellitus the prevalence of kidney disease (KD), their clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional and analytical study. 980 patients without a diagnosis of KD from 86 health centers participated. For the association of KD with other variables, the Fisher test and the Pearson χ² test were used; Also, a multiple ordinal logistic regression model was fitted. Results. The prevalence of KD was 53%, stage 2 with 33.98% and 2.76% for stages 4-5. Furthermore, 75% of patients have glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5 and multiple comorbidities. The factors associated with KD were age, proteinuria, and consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusions. The challenge of the health system is to improve the skills of health personnel to control non-communicable diseases, make early diagnosis and provide care by stage of KD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lege Artis Medicine (LAM) is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to know the epidemiology of different mandibular fractures in patients attending the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of the military central hospital during the period 2019 - 2022. Methodology: logbooks of patients of both sexes over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of mandibular fracture who were seen at the Hospital Central Militar during the period 01/March/2019 to 01/March/2022 were reviewed, the variables under study were collected and organized in databases the Excel program; the characteristics and results of the patients were reported as frequencies and proportions for categorical variables and median and Inter quartile range or mean and SD for continuous variables. Results: a total of 80 cases of mandibular fracture were found. The main etiology in this study was automobile accident with 27.5 % (76). Sixty-one (61) patients presented isolated mandibular fracture. The most frequent anatomical site of mandibular fracture was the angle. Treatment was open reduction with internal fixation 95.5 % (76) and conservative treatment 4.5 % (4). Material instability was the only one reported, present in 3.75 % of the patients. Limitations: a larger sample may provide more robust results. Value: this study provides insight into the epidemiological behavior of mandibular fractures in a sample of the population at EyFAM, the results provide valuable information to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of specific patients resulting in lower healthcare costs and better quality of life for EyFAM servicemen and their entitled patients. Conclusions: the prevalence of mandibular fractures was significantly higher in men in the second and third decade of life. The most common cause was a motor vehicle accident, and the angle together with the parasymphysis were the most affected anatomical sites. A quarter of the patients had fractures associated with the mandibular fracture, the most frequent being fractures of the floor of the orbit and fracture of the orbitozygomatic complex. Open reduction with internal fixation was the most commonly used treatment. The only complication reported was material instability and it occurred in less than 5 % of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is characterised by recurrent attacks of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The purpose of this work was to identify the incidence and prevalence of NMOSD and its clinical characteristics in the population treated for demyelinating diseases in Western Mexico. Material and method: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, at the Sub-specialty Medical Unit, Specialties Hospital (known by its Spanish abbreviation UMAE-HE), of the National Western Medical Center (CMNO), Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). A review of the electronic files for all patients with a diagnosis of NMOSD in 2019, was carried out in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Results: Fifty-eight patients with NMOSD were included in the study. The incidence was 0.71/100 000 (CI 0.60-0.85) and the prevalence was 1.09/100 000 (CI 0.84-1.42). There were 79.3% women, and 20.6% were men (P = .01). All (100%) patients presented with anti-aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G, and 89.6% showed seropositivity for anti-aquaporin-4 (CI 82.6-94.9). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 100% of patients, where 34.4% were normal, and 65.5% (38) abnormal, presenting with non-specific subcortical lesions (P = 0.04). The initial clinical presentation was optic neuritis (ON) in 58.6%; where 31.0% was bilateral ON, 20.7% was left ON, and 6.9% were right ON; transverse myelitis in 26.0%, area postrema syndrome (APS) in 10.3%, among others. Conclusions: The incidence of NMOSD exceeds 0.71/100 000, the prevalence is low at 1.09/100 000, and NMOSD is predominantly found in women. Resumen: Antecedentes: El trastorno del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD por sus siglas en inglés) se caracteriza por ataques recurrentes de neuritis óptica y mielitis transversa. el propósito de este trabajo fue identificar la incidencia y prevalencia del NMOSD y sus características clínicas en la población tratada por enfermedades desmielinizantes en el occidente de México. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el departamento de neurología en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades (UMAE-HE), Del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO) México. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se realizó una revisión de los expedientes electrónicos de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de NMOSD en 2019, en el estado de Jalisco, México. Resultados: Cincuenta y ocho pacientes con NMOSD fueron incluidos en el estudio. La incidencia fue de 0,71/100,000 (IC 0,60–0,85) y la prevalencia fue de 1,09/100,000 (IC 0,84–1,42). El 79,3 eran mujeres y el 20,06 eran hombres (P = 0,01). Todos (100%) los pacientes presentaron inmunoglobulina G anti-acuaporina-4 y el 89,6% mostró seropositividad para anti-acuaporina-4 (IC 82,6–94,9%). Se realizó resonancia magnética al 100% de los pacientes siendo el 34,4% normales y el 65,5 % anormales, presentando lesiones subcorticales inespecíficas (P = 0,04). La presentación clínica inicial fue de neuritis óptica (NO) en el 58,6% donde el 31% eran bilaterales; el 20,7% eran izquierdos y el 6,9% eran derechos; mielitis transversa en el 26,0%; síndrome de área postrema (SAF) en el 10,3%. Conclusiones: La incidencia de NMOSD supera el 0,71/100,000; la prevalencia es baja en un 1,09/100,000 y este se encuentra predominantemente en mujeres.

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno de abrangência mundial. O aumento do número de idosos eleva as possibilidades de aparecimento das doenças crônico-degenerativas, com consequente perda da funcionalidade e imobilidade. As causas da imobilidade são multifatoriais, predominando as neurológicas e musculoesqueléticas. Objetivo: Estimar a frequência da síndrome da imobilidade na enfermaria de geriatria do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual. Materiais e métodos: Durante o período de 24 de agosto a 24 de setembro de 2009 foram avaliados todos os pacientes internados na enfermaria de geriatria, a fim de identificar quais preenchiam critérios diagnósticos para síndrome da imobilidade. Resultados: De 47 pacientes, doze (12/25,53 %) preencheram critérios para síndrome da imobilidade, sendo onze (11/91,6%) do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 85,3 anos. Em relação ao motivo que levou esses pacientes à internação hospitalar, a maioria, 75% dos casos, foi em decorrência de causas infecciosas: broncopneumonia (5/41,66%) e infecção urinária (4/33%). Conclusão: Comparando a população de pacientes com síndrome de imobilidade e a população geral da enfermaria de geriatria, observou-se pouca diferença quanto à idade, 85,3 e 83,1 anos, e ao tempo de internação, 12,08 e 12,47 dias, respectivamente. Em relação à mortalidade, observaram-se 50% para aqueles portadores de síndrome de imobilidade e 25% para a população em geral. Novos estudos abordando essa temática são de suma importância para eleger prioridades, gerando menor taxa de iatrogenia, promovendo melhorias na abordagem clínica e familiar desses pacientes.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de anemia em uma população de idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: Estudo seccional e descritivo realizado em idosos com 60 anos ou mais residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência (ILP). O critério de anemia utilizado seguiu a definição preconizada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), considerada presente quando os níveis de hemoglobina foram abaixo de 13 g/dl nos homens e de 12 g/dl nas mulheres. Os dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais obtidos a partir da revisão de prontuários foram analisados pelo programa SPSS para Windows, versão 17.0. Resultados: Dos 75 residentes da ILP, 64 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A prevalência de anemia foi de 29,7%, sendo de 26,1% para o sexo feminino e de 38,9% para o sexo masculino. A anemia caracterizou-se como normocrômica e normocítica em 64,7% dos casos. A idade média foi de 80,2 ± 8,9 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (71,9%) e grande prevalência de síndromes demenciais (62,5%). O tempo médio de institucionalização foi de aproximadamente 37,5 meses. Quase metade dos idosos apresentava baixo peso e 74,2% estavam desnutridos ou em risco de desnutrição. Conclusão: A anemia constitui condição comum em idosos institucionalizados e, embora geralmente de leve intensidade, pode estar associada a desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis. Estudos futuros devem avaliar a etiologia das anemias e os benefícios potenciais do tratamento na qualidade de vida, na redução da morbidade e na economia da saúde.

Introduction and objectives: To estimate the frequency of patients with diagnoses associated with life-limiting conditions (LLCs) or complex chronic conditions (CCCs). Methods: Retrospective mixed population-based and hospital-based cohort study. Study universe consisted of the population aged less than 18 years of an autonomous community in Spain in the 2001–2021 period; the cases were patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis associated with LLC or CCC during this period. We estimated age-adjusted annual prevalences and analysed changes in trends using joinpoint regression. Results: The prevalence of LLCs increased significantly from 20.7 per 10 000 inhabitants under 18 years in 2001 to 51.3 per 10 000 in 2019. There was also a significant increase in CCCs from 39.9 per 10 000 in 2001 to 54.4 per 10 000 in 2019. The prevalence of patients with any of these conditions rose from 45 per 10 000 in 2001 to 86.8 per 10 000 in 2019; 30.3% of these patients had conditions of both types. There was a turning point in this increasing trend between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The prevalence of patients requiring specialized care has increased progressively in the last 20 years, similar to what has happened in other countries. The magnitude of the affected population must be taken into account when planning specialized paediatric palliative care and complex chronic care services. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de pacientes con diagnósticos asociados a condiciones limitantes para la vida (CLV) o condiciones crónicas complejas (CCC). Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes de base mixta poblacional-hospitalaria. La población de estudio fue la población menor de 18 años de una comunidad autónoma española desde 2001 a 2021. Los casos fueron los pacientes con algún ingreso hospitalario con algún diagnóstico asociado a CLV o CCC. Estimamos las prevalencias anuales ajustadas por edad y los cambios de tendencia mediante regresión de Joinpoint. Resultados: La prevalencia de CLV ascendió de forma significativa desde un 20,7 por 10 000 en 2001 hasta un 51,3 por 10 000 en 2019. Para CCC también ha tenido lugar un aumento significativo desde un 39,9 por 10 000 en 2001 a un 54,4 por 10 000 en 2019. Las prevalencias de pacientes con alguna de estas condiciones ascendieron desde un 45 por 10 000 en 2001 hasta un 86,8 por 10 000 en 2019; un 30,3% de pacientes tenían ambas condiciones. Se produjo un punto de inflexión en esa tendencia creciente entre 2019 y 2020, coincidiendo con la pandemia COVID-19. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de pacientes subsidiarios de precisar cuidados especiales ha ascendido progresivamente en los últimos 20 años, de forma similar a como ha ocurrido en otros países. La magnitud de la población afectada ha de ser tenida en cuenta para la planificación de servicios especializados pediátricos de cuidados paliativos y crónicos complejos.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in dual-purpose calves on cattle ranches in Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in five municipalities from the center of Veracruz. The animals included in the study were calves between 1 and 60 days old. Stool samples were taken directly from the rectum. The modified Faust centrifugation technique was used to concentrate oocysts and Direct Immunofluorescent Test for their detection. In each ranch surveys were applied to know the characteristics of the animals and their management. General and specific prevalence was estimated. Variables were analyzed using the univariate Chi-square test to determine possible epidemiological associations. Results. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 69.9%, and the municipality with the highest prevalence was Tlalixcoyan (96.6%). No significant difference was found between the age, sex, breed and consistency of the feces of the calves. The ranch (R9) was the only factor associated with Cryptosporidium spp. in the calves studied. Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves from dual purpose cattle ranches from the center of Veracruz, Mexico. Future studies are required to determine the predominant species and genotypes in the region for an integral understanding of the transmission dynamics and zoonotic potential of this protozoan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and characterize gestational anemia in women attending prenatal care in the department of Quindío, Colombia, and to identify associated risk factors. Material and methods: An analytical crosssectional study was conducted. Out of 1,003 pregnant women, 307 were selected. The study included pregnant women aged 18 years or older who attended a prenatal care program at three high-complexity private institutions in Armenia (Quindío, Colombia) from 2018 to 2023, providing a five-year observation window. Pregnant women with a diagnosis of fetal malformations and hemolytic disease, those who changed healthcare centers, or moved out of Quindío were excluded. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.14 ± 5.27 years. The prevalence of gestational anemia was identified as 26.38 %, with an average hemoglobin level of 9.82 ± 1.74 g/dL. Of these, 12.37 % had hemoglobin levels of 10.1-10.9 g/dL (mild anemia), 8.46 % had levels of 7.1-10.0 g/dL (moderate anemia), and 5.53 % had levels below 7.0 g/dL (severe anemia). In the third trimester, the prevalence of anemia increased to 41.97 % (n = 34/81), with 91.35 % (n = 74/81) of cases being iron-deficiency anemia. A BMI of < 18.5 (OR: 15.46; 95 % CI: 7.13-28.59), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.73; 95 % CI: 1.49-26.83), and a history of pregestational anemia (OR: 7.43; 95 % CI: 4.52-9.13) were associated with gestational anemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational anemia is over 25 % and increases in the third trimester. It is important to identify risk factors during preconception evaluation and prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancyrelated hypertensive disorder that can lead to severe complications and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the economic impact of integrating the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio into Uruguay's healthcare system as part of routine clinical practice for diagnosing. Material and methods: A decision tree model was used to estimate the annual economic impact on the Uruguayan healthcare system for a hypothetical cohort of women with suspected PE. This included relevant costs associated with diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment from the initial presentation of suspected PE until childbirth. The study analyzed the annual costs under two scenarios: the standard-of-care and a scenario incorporating the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for PE, using 2022 as the reference year. Various deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: The economic model estimated that the implementation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio could save the Uruguayan healthcare system $95,432,678 Uruguayan pesos (2,320,269 United States Dollars [USD]) annually, representing a 5 % reduction in costs compared with the standard of care. These savings were primarily due to a reduction in hospitalizations of women with suspected PE. The estimated economic impact equated to an annual net saving of approximately $10,602 Uruguayan pesos (258 USD) per patient. Conclusions: The introduction of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio into the Uruguayan healthcare system is likely to generate savings due to the optimization of the management of hospitalizations for women with suspected preeclampsia (PE). However, the potential for savings will primarily depend on the current hospitalization rate of these women (the efficiency of managing high-risk PE pregnancies) and the length of stay for hospitalized women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide (1). Treatment for coronary disease is pharmacological and non-pharmacological. When the diagnosis is recent, patients begin an adaptive process and with this the possibility of developing depressive symptoms. Objective: To identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and factors associated with presenting these symptoms at the beginning of the cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with coronary disease in a health institution. Materials and method: Analytical cross-sectional study in 95 patients with coronary disease who started the cardiac rehabilitation program. Sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and depressive symptoms subscale scores were measured with the DASS-21. Prevalence and prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance, with confidence levels of 95%. Results: 70.5% who started the program presented depressive symptoms. The health regime (PR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.94; p = 0.013), cardiovascular risk (PR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.50-0.77; p < 0.001) and the Previous sternotomy (95% CI: 1.01-1.62; p = 0.040) are associated factors for depressive symptoms in these patients. Conclusions: Seven out of ten patients with coronary disease who start the program presented depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a social and occupational phenomenon recognized by the WHO, and common in healthcare. It is characterized by low personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization, affecting professional performance and coping strategies. Despite the relevance of the topic, there is insufficient available information to visualize the magnitude of the problem with real figures in Colombia, especially in the field of cardiology. Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the sociodemographic characteristics of cardiology students and cardiologists in Colombia. Materials and method: Cross-sectional analytical observational study conducted in Colombia through the application of a self-completed virtual survey made to cardiology students and cardiologists in Colombia. The first part of the survey collected sociodemographic and economic data; in the second part was applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. Results: A total of 207 surveys were conducted, 145 physicians answered the first part, 67.59% were men, the mean age was 40.8 years old, 64% of the cardiologists and 79% of the students consider that they do not have enough time to perform other activities not related to medicine (p = 0.18). When applying MBI, the most affected dimensions in the physicians surveyed are emotional exhaustion followed by low personal accomplishment and finally depersonalization. Comparing cardiologists and cardiology students, students have the highest proportion of compromise in all three dimensions. Taking into account the two most affected dimensions, 61.72% of the cardiologists and 81.57% of the cardiology students have a high score of symptoms suggestive of a diagnosis of burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in cardiology students and cardiologists included in the described survey is high, this warrants the early implementation of strategies that seek to remove or mitigate factors that are associated with a higher risk of presenting this condition, which directly impacts the professional performance and quality of life of health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common complications of cholelithiasis. In Colombia, there are no studies on its prevalence or the sociodemographic characteristics of the affected population. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of acute cholecystitis in Colombia and describe the associated sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the individual service provision records (RIPS) from 2018 to 2022. Results: A total of 343,254 cases of acute cholecystitis were identified in Colombia, with a prevalence of 681 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and a female-to-male ratio of 2.3:1. The highest number of reported cases was in the 34 to 39-year age group. The departments with the most cases are located in the southeast of the country, including Nariño, Valle del Cauca, Caquetá, and Tolima. Conclusion: This study presents epidemiological and sociodemographic information on acute cholecystitis in Colombia. There are few epidemiological studies on this disease in Latin America, however, the prevalence found is similar to that reported in countries like the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss in newborns from eastern Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive study was carried out from November 28, 2015 to April 30, 2016, where newborns at the Hospital Regional de la Orinoquia, Colombia, were included. Hearing tests were performed based on the national protocols. The database was registered in Excel version 2013 and analyzed with the statistical program SPSS version 22. RESULTS: Two thousand forty otoacoustic emissions tests were carried out. The prevalence of neonatal hearing loss was 1.32% (95% CI: 0.82-1.81). The highest frequency of hearing impairment was in the right ear (44.4%), followed by the left ear (33.3%) and bilateral in 22.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of neonatal hearing loss was 1.3%. The factors associated with the appearance of neonatal hearing loss were family history, prematurity, ICU stay longer than 5 days, hyperbilirubinemia and cleft lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in a sample of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal replacement therapy in a population belonging to the outpatient clinic of the Nephrology service at the ISSEMyM Toluca Medical Center, Estado de Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross sectional and analytical study was carried out from June 2022 to March 2023 on a beneficiary population who attended the outpatient consultation of Audiology, Otorhinolaryngology and Nephrology at the ISSEMyM Toluca Medical Center, Estado de Mexico, with chronic renal failure in renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: There were included 178 patients; bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was the most frequent diagnosis (65%); prevalence of hearing loss in general in this study was of 26.4%, indicating a relatively high association of hearing loss with chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic renal failure in replacement therapy have hearing loss; the most frequent is bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The lower second molar mostly has a C configuration and it is important to know the internal anatomy and classification to have a better clinical approach, so the objective was to evaluate the prevalence and types of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular second molars by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: 150 CTHC images of mandibular second molars were used. The following was recorded: sex, presence of Cshaped canal, location, morphology and type of C configuration according to Fan's classification, which is divided into C1, C2, C3 (c and d), C4 and C5. The chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups (p=0.05, considered a statistically significant difference). Results: Of the 300 teeth evaluated, 12.6% had C-shaped canals. There were no statistically significant differences between C-shaped canals and sex. This configuration tends to appear bilaterally, however, when it appears unilaterally, we find it mostly on the right. At the level of the pulp chamber floor and middle third, C1 was the most frequent and at the apical level it was C4 for both parts (37 and 47). Conclusions: The prevalence of Cshaped canals is not high. Bilateral appearance is more common than unilateral. Fan's classification is a complement to Melton's, since it will help us understand in more detail the morphological changes of this configuration along the root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of Papanicolaou (Pap) and human papillomavirus (HPV) test use before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Materials and methods. We analyzed the use of Pap and/or HPV screening tests by women 25-64 years, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2018 and 2021-2023. Results. Pap use decreased from 34.6% in 2018 to 24.9% in 2021, recovering to 31.5% in 2023. Similarly, HPV use decreased from 12.7% in 2018 to 11% in 2021, increasing to 16.0% in 2023. Greater use of cervical cancer screening was observed at higher socioeconomic levels and urbanization. Conclusions. Improved regulatory guidelines are needed to achieve efficient and effective screening and follow-up of cervical cancer in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Describe the prevalence of obesity in adults from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Survey 2020-2023 (Ensanut 2020-2023), its main sociodemographic characteristics, its association with chronic diseases, risk factors and the consumption of industrialized energetic beverages (IEB), as well as trends in the last 23 years, to contribute to the generation of evidence for the design of public health policies. Materials and methods. Information from 32 889 participants was analyzed to characterize the Mexican adult population by body mass index (BMI) groups and stratified by sociodemographic variables. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of these groups with the variables of interest. The trend of BMI groups in the last six national surveys (2000-2023) was explored. Results. The prevalence of obesity in adults was 37.1% (41.0% women, 33.0% men). The percentage of energy coming from EIB was twice as high in men as in women (6.8 vs. 3.3%). Men in the highest quartile of percentage of energy coming from EIB were 2.29 times more likely to have obesity (p<0.05). There was a continuous and significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in the period 2000-2012, but between 2016-2023 no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Conclusions. The national prevalence of obesity in adults showed an increase of 41.7% in the period 2000-2016. Starting in 2016, there was a stabilization of the trend. High EIB consumption increases the possibility of obesity. Interventions with a comprehensive and multisystemic vision are required that allow the prevention and control of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: physical activity is one of the modifiable risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, whose prevalence is still low, and there are few data in the literature about the level of physical activity considering different domains (total activity, occupational activity, commuting, home activity and leisure time). Objective: to review the prevalence of physical activity in different domains and analyze the association between these domains and sociodemographic, economic and behavioral factors. Materials and Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with data on physical activity in different domains (total, occupational, transport, household, and leisure time), sociodemographic data, and behavioral data. Sampling weights were assigned to gender, age, and education variables, and the association between the different domains and related factors was tested using Poisson regression. Results: 931 subjects were evaluated. Female sex was associated with total physical activity, commuting, and home; age was associated with total physical activity, occupation, and commuting. Schooling, nonwhite skin color, and smoking were each associated with leisure, domestic, and recreational domains. Socioeconomic level was associated with the commuting, household, and leisure domains. Overall physical activity, commuting, household, and leisure were associated with marital status. Conclusion: Physical activity levels differed across domains and associated factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: overweight and obesity in children are serious public health problems in Mexico. Objective: to analyze the behavior of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from 5 to 11 years of age and to present projections on the prevalence for the period 2022-2026. Methodology: ecological and retrospective study whose units of analysis were groups of children of Mexico with overweight and obesity in the period 1999-2021, according to information collected from six National Health and Nutrition Surveys. For the projections the classical method of least squares was used, for a trend analysis of both conditions for the period 2022-2026. Results: overweight in girls and obesity in boys shows a high prevalence in the period 1999-2021, even though the trend analysis for the period 2022-2026 shows a slight decrease in overweight for the group of boys and a slight increase in overweight for girls, as well in obesity for both groups. Conclusions: due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from 5 to 11 years of age in Mexico, an interdisciplinary approach is required to identify which dimensions (biochemical, psychological, interpersonal and social) participate in the problem, considering three environments contributing for psychological and social development of children, the ecological-social, the family and the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción: La realización de la Historia clínica completa en la práctica de la odontología permite identificar pacientes con patologías preexistentes. Iniciar ésta actividad en el grado permite a los alumnos familiarizarse y valorar una correcta anamnesis. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de las patologías generales de pacientes atendidos en “CLAPAR II” por alumnos cursantes de la asignatura Medicina Interna para la Práctica de la Odontología. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de cuantificación, transversal. Se analizaron 260 Historias Clínicas (HC) efectuadas por alumnos, durante el período comprendido entre abril y octubre de 2023. Se registraron las patologías sistémicas referidas por los pacientes para estimar su prevalencia. Los datos se recopilaron en una planilla Excel. Se establecieron los porcentajes en relación con el total de casos. Y se clasificó mediante un análisis cuantitativo el orden de prevalencia de las mismas. Resultados: Se observó que el 15% de los pacientes presentaban enfermedades del aparato respiratorio, el 7,69% trastornos del aparato digestivo, 5,77% refirieron enfermedades endocrinológicas e igual porcentaje hipertensión arterial. Las enfermedades dermatológicas como las inmunológicas representaron el 5% cada una de ellas. En la población estudiada, las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio fueron las de mayor prevalencia, seguidas por las enfermedades digestivas. En tercer lugar, se ubican las enfermedades endócrinas y la hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: Estos resultados confirman que las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio están siendo de importante prevalencia en la población general lo cual podría ameritar serios estudios medioambientales.

Se realizó un rastreo de campo (investigación in situ) en una población de 100 gatos (Felis catus) adultos, mestizos, en las urbanizaciones La Fundación y Las Veguitas, ubicadas en la parroquia de Catia La Mar, en el estado de La Guaira de Venezuela, para detectar la presencia del ácaro Lynxacarus radovskyi. Se escogieron al azar 100 gatos, 83 caseros (indoor) con tutores y 17 gatos en situación de calle (outdoor), de los cuales 36 eran machos y 64 hembras. El examen complementario seleccionado para este estudio fue el tricograma. Las zonas de muestreo en el área corporal tomadas en cuenta fueron aquellas con o sin lesiones de alopecia o inflamación, mayormente ventral y dorsal al cuello, área de las axilas, inguinal, área dorsal del tórax, la pelvis, base de la cola y región perianal. Las muestras se colocaron en láminas porta–objetos y se impregnaron con aceite mineral para ser visualizados en el microscopio, con objetivo de aumento inicial acromático 4×/0,10. Para mayor definición anatómica en presencia del ectoparásito o sus huevos, se utilizó el objetivo acromático 10×/0,25. En el rastreo se pudieron observar ocho gatos (5 machos y 3 hembras), positivos al ácaro de la especie L. radovskyi y sus huevos. Un gato macho y 2 hembras presentaron coinfestación con el piojo del gato (Felicola subrostratus), con sus respectivas liendres presentes en el pelo. Solo tres de cinco gatos infestados presentaron sintomatología asociada con mucosas rosadas, lesiones dermatológicas en cara, región dorsal al cuello y lumbar, con hipotricosis, eritema, costras, alopecia con escamas y prurito 5/10. El tratamiento con Fluralaner fue efectivo contra el parásito eliminando el acaro monitoreado consecutivamente hasta por 21 días. Este es el primer reporte en Venezuela del ácaro felino L. radovskyi en gatos.

Introducción: Las anomalías dentarias resultan de alteraciones en la odontogénesis, generando variaciones en tamaño, forma, estructura o número de los dientes, siendo más prevalentes en la dentición permanente. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones de forma, número y erupción observadas clínicamente en niños y adolescentes de la población indígena Pemón-Arekuna de Kavanayén, Edo. Bolívar - Venezuela. Material y métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptivo, de campo, diseño transversal. Los datos se recolectaron en levantamiento epidemiológico, durante jornada médico-odontológica de Fundación Proyecto Mayū en Kavanayén, Edo. Bolívar - Venezuela en Abril 2023. Se evaluaron clínicamente a 179 pacientes, 102 niñas y 77 niños, con edades comprendidas entre 7 meses y 17 años, registrando las anomalías de forma, número y erupción detectadas. Resultados: Se identificaron alteraciones de forma, número y erupción en 8 pacientes, resultando una prevalencia del 4,47%. Para las alteraciones de forma la prevalencia fue 1,12%. Igualmente, la prevalencia de alteraciones de número fue 1,12% para los supernumerarios y 1,12% para las agenesias, pues cada alteración afectó a 2 pacientes. Por otro lado, la prevalencia de alteraciones en la erupción fue de 3,35%, estando presentes en 6 de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones de forma, número y erupción dental evaluadas clínicamente presentaron moderada prevalencia en la población indígena Pemón-Arekuna de Kavanayén. El presente estudio no contó con información radiográfica, por lo que los resultados subrayan la importancia de futuras investigaciones para clarificar y enriquecer la comprensión de estas anomalías dentales en contextos específicos.

La prevalencia y severidad del asma en niños está en aumento en diversos países del mundo, sin embargo es poco lo que se conoce en nuestro país, por lo que es importante evaluar la tendencia de esta enfermedad en Lima. El presente es un estudio epidemiológico que describe la prevalencia y severidad de síntomas sugerentes de asma en niños escolares de 13-14 años del distrito de Santiago de Surco, Lima, mediante el cuestionario estándar del lnternational Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Se empleó un muestreo aleatorio simple, considerando como unidad muestral a todos los colegios registrados en la USE-10. Se entrevistaron a un total de 3174 niños, siendo retirados 37 cuestionarios, por lo que el tamaño muestra! final fue de 3137 niños. Se reporta una prevalencia de asma de 26.0%; el 24% tenían el antecedente de haber sido diagnosticados por un médico alguna vez. De los 814 niños que presentaron sibilancias recurrentes, el 70.8% reportaron la presencia de asma inducida por el ejercicio y el 42.8% reportaron la presencia de tos nocturna. Finalmente el 6.7% reportaron episodios severos de broncoespasmo. Los datos que presentamos nos indican que el asma es una enfermedad altamente prevalente en Lima, que amerita nuestra atención por ser un importante problema de salud pública. Estudios posteriores podrán determinar cuáles son los factores que intervienen en su presentación.

La cardiopatía coronaria y el accidente cerebrovascular han sido señalados como causa principal de muerte en la población adulta de Perú, en relación directa con factores de riesgo como obesidad, diabetes (DM), hipertensión arterial (HTA), hipercolesterolemia y tabaquismo. El presente estudio reporta la prevalencia de estos factores en sujetos mayores de 18 años en 4 poblaciones urbanas; 2 de la costa, Castilla (Piura) y Urb. Ingeniería (Lima), de la selva, Tarapoto (San Martín) y 1 de la Sierra, Huaraz (Ancash) y 2 comunidades rurales de la selva, Wayku y Cuñumbuque (Lamas-San Martín). Las prevalencias más altas fueron observadas en Castilla y en segundo lugar en Urb. Ingeniería, y las más bajas en Wayku y Cuñumbuque. Las prevalencias de obesidad fueron 36.7% en Castilla, 22.8% en Urb. Ingeniería, 18.3% en Huaraz, 17% en Tarapoto, O% en Wayku y 11 % en Cuñumbuque; las de DM 6.7%, 7.6%, 1.3%, 4.4%, 3.7% y 2%, respectivamente; a su vez, las prevalencias de HTA fueron 33% en Castilla y Urb. Ingeniería, 19.5% en Huaraz, 21.8% en Tarapoto y 5% en Wayku, y las correspondientes de hipercolesterolemia 47.2%, 22.7%, 10.6%, 20.4% en las cuatro primeras y ningún caso en Wayku. Un 70% de la población es afectada por un solo factor de riesgo, 20% por dos y 7% por tres. En conclusión, la importante prevalencia de estos factores de riesgo demuestran su actual impacto epidemiológico y la necesidad de su búsqueda permanente para contrarrestar la alta tasa de mortalidad. En la población adulta.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência da deficiência visual em crianças de escolas públicas pré-selecionadas, bem como analisá-la e intervir nela. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em quatro etapas. Durante a primeira e segunda etapa, houve capacitação de profissionais escolares e discentes de medicina em triagem visual para, em um terceiro momento, esses realizarem a acuidade visual de crianças dos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental. As crianças com alteração de acuidade receberam encaminhamento oftalmológico para diagnóstico e intervenção. Resultados: Das 450 crianças triadas, 64 (14,22%) foram encaminhadas para exame oftalmológico completo, das quais 52 (81,25%) compareceram à consulta. Destas, 37 (71,1%) apresentaram erros refrativos como principal causa da deficiência visual. Dezenove (51,35%) foram diagnosticadas com miopia, 9 (17,3%) com hipermetropia e 9 (17,3%) com astigmatismo, sendo encaminhadas e orientadas ao seguimento oftalmológico. Conclusão: A prevalência de erros refrativos na população infantil de escolas públicas municipais foi a principal causa de deficiência visual.