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The article focuses on the use of "feeling maps" by planners at the University of Georgia to create healthier connections and improve student well-being on campus. It mentions that the research explores the correlation between walking routes and positive emotions, emphasizing the mental health benefits of walking and the importance of sensory pleasure and a sense of belonging in creating a positive walking experience.

The quantum behaviour of electrons in materials is the foundation of modern electronics and information technology.sup.1-11, and quantum materials with topological electronic and optical properties are essential for realizing quantized electronic responses that can be used for next generation technology. Here we report the first observation of topological quantum properties of chiral crystals.sup.6,7 in the RhSi family. We find that this material class hosts a quantum phase of matter that exhibits nearly ideal topological surface properties originating from the crystals' structural chirality. Electrons on the surface of these crystals show a highly unusual helicoid fermionic structure that spirals around two high-symmetry momenta, indicating electronic topological chirality. The existence of bulk multiply degenerate band fermions is guaranteed by the crystal symmetries; however, to determine the topological invariant or charge in these chiral crystals, it is essential to identify and study the helicoid topology of the arc states. The helicoid arcs that we observe on the surface characterize the topological charges of [plus or minus]2, which arise from bulk higher-spin chiral fermions. These topological conductors exhibit giant Fermi arcs of maximum length ([pi]), which are orders of magnitude larger than those found in known chiral Weyl fermion semimetals.sup.5,8-11. Our results demonstrate an electronic topological state of matter on structurally chiral crystals featuring helicoid-arc quantum states. Such exotic multifold chiral fermion semimetal states could be used to detect a quantized photogalvanic optical response, the chiral magnetic effect and other optoelectronic phenomena predicted for this class of materials.sup.6. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal that CoSi and RhSi are nearly ideal topological conductors, with structural chirality and surface helicoid arcs of topological charge [plus or minus]2 arising from bulk multifold chiral states., Author(s): Daniel S. Sanchez [sup.1] , Ilya Belopolski [sup.1] , Tyler A. Cochran [sup.1] , Xitong Xu [sup.2] , Jia-Xin Yin [sup.1] , Guoqing Chang [sup.1] , Weiwei Xie [sup.3] [...]

The transition wave numbers from selected rovibrational levels of the EF 1Σg+(v=0) state to selected np Rydberg states of ortho- and para-D2 located below the adiabatic ionization threshold have been measured at a precision better than 10-3 cm-1. Adding these wave numbers to the previously determined transition wave numbers from the X 1Σg+(v=0, N=0,1) states to the EF 1Σg+(v=0, N=0,1) states of D2 and to the binding energies of the Rydberg states calculated by multichannel quantum defect theory, the ionization energies of ortho- and para-D2 are determined to be 124 745.394 07(58) cm-1 and 124 715.003 77(75) cm-1, respectively. After re-evaluation of the dissociation energy of D2+ and using the known ionization energy of D, the dissociation energy of D2 is determined to be 36 748.362 86(68) cm-1. This result is more precise than previous experimental results by more than one order of magnitude and is in excellent agreement with the most recent theoretical value 36 748.3633(9) cm-1 [K. Piszczatowski, G. Łach, M. Przybytek et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 5, 3039 (2009)]. The ortho-para separation of D2, i.e., the energy difference between the N=0 and N=1 rotational levels of the X 1Σg+(v=0) ground state, has been determined to be 59.781 30(95) cm-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) from liquid nitrobenzene was measured for several combinations of linear polarized incident and scattered light, for a range of scattering angles near 90°. The observations show that the HRS intensity is dominated by the polar transverse collective mode contribution, and support a model where the long range dipole-dipole orientation correlations in a polar liquid result in coherent HRS from β(1), the vector part of the molecular first hyperpolarizability β, whereas HRS from the octupolar part β(3) remains local and incoherent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting uniformity that has been observed for diatomic molecular dissociation has been demonstrated to apply to many single bonds in polyatomic molecules as well. The energy to reach a key point in the bond-breaking process, at which it changes from simply stretching to transition to products, is for most cases a nearly constant fraction of the dissociation energy. The point at which this change occurs corresponds to the minimum of the reaction force F(R) for the dissociation, F(R) being the negative gradient of the potential energy along the reaction coordinate. Thirty nine single bonds were analyzed at the B3PW91/6-31++G(3d,2p) level. Both adiabatic and vertical stretching were considered; those bonds for which these give essentially the same results are labeled “pseudodiatomic.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition wave numbers from selected rovibrational levels of the EF 1Σg+(v=0) state to selected np Rydberg states of ortho- and para-D2 located below the adiabatic ionization threshold have been measured at a precision better than 10-3 cm-1. Adding these wave numbers to the previously determined transition wave numbers from the X 1Σg+(v=0, N=0,1) states to the EF 1Σg+(v=0, N=0,1) states of D2 and to the binding energies of the Rydberg states calculated by multichannel quantum defect theory, the ionization energies of ortho- and para-D2 are determined to be 124 745.394 07(58) cm-1 and 124 715.003 77(75) cm-1, respectively. After re-evaluation of the dissociation energy of D2+ and using the known ionization energy of D, the dissociation energy of D2 is determined to be 36 748.362 86(68) cm-1. This result is more precise than previous experimental results by more than one order of magnitude and is in excellent agreement with the most recent theoretical value 36 748.3633(9) cm-1 [K. Piszczatowski, G. Łach, M. Przybytek et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 5, 3039 (2009)]. The ortho-para separation of D2, i.e., the energy difference between the N=0 and N=1 rotational levels of the X 1Σg+(v=0) ground state, has been determined to be 59.781 30(95) cm-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This lecture focuses on recent innovations in technology since the era of Dudley Allen Sargent. with an analysis of contemporary use of technology in the field of human performance, as well as a vision of where it appears we are heading in terms of technology. de la Pena argued that those who maintain sport science began in the 20th century have forgotten Dudley Allen Sargent, who worked to codify a system of mechanized physical science whereby individuals, with the help of machines, would build their bodies to a state of maximum physical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the condensed edition of the 7th semiannual report submitted to the U.S. Congress by the Atomic Energy Commission. The report focuses on the research activities of the commission in the field of physical science in which a large percentage of it is done mostly in the commission's laboratories. Most of the research is focused on nuclear physics and chemistry to integrate with the commission's enterprise which is the production and improvement of nuclear weapons Moreover, it details on the accomplishment of the commission in other endeavors such as the fellowship and training program of the commission and special services in the form of radioisotopes, information services and irradiation of materials.

The article presents a summary of the chapters in the Fifth Semiannual Report of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), which deals with research in physical sciences, biology and medicine, information services, and security. According to the report, all AEC medical laboratories have enlarged their programs in 1948. The role of the security in the AEC are to ensure the safekeeping of information and to protect the plants and installations of the Commission. It was also cited that the at the end of 1948, there were 1,270 separate plants, laboratories, offices, storage facilities and test areas of the Commission. The Atomic Energy Act states that the term "restricted data" stands for all data concerning the making and the utilization of atomic weapons.

The present scientific paper is the third part and continuation of the indepth scientific study of the developed system of engineering economic indicators, where the authors obtain results from the scientific research presented in a series of works on the development of the nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in science and entrepreneurship in Latvia. Part three determines the crucial scientific indicators of the development of nano-field at the macro, micro, and meso development levels of the economic environment in Latvia. The paper provides the interaction of new identified indicators of nanofield in terms of further scientific and practical activities. Latvia is analysed in comparison with other countries in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LHCb Collaboration has recently measured the difference of time-integrated CP asymmetry in D 0 → K + K − and D 0 → π + π − decays, more precisely. The reported value is Δ A C P = − 0.10 ± 0.08 ( stat ) ± 0.03 ( syst ) % which indicates no evidence for CP violation. We consider the possible unparticle physics contribution in this quantity and by using the LCHb data try to constrain the parameter space of unparticle stuff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council has launched a £4 million, 5-year grand challenge multi-disciplinary research consortium (Twenty65) to achieve sustainable clean water for all through the development and demonstration of disruptive socio-technical solutions. The aim of this transformative research is to drive re-visualisation of water service provision and revolutionise the way innovation is delivered in the water sector. This briefing introduces concepts of disruptive innovation that could lead to a new paradigm for water service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the author's experience in the fields of physical sciences experiments, specifically on the development of nuclear weapons. The author has emphasized about the event occurred during the December 2, 1942, in which the late physicist Enrico Fermi and his associates achieved the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. He has shared about the thrill of witnessing such an unexpected result of an experiment that tool place at the University of Chicago.

Motion synchrony correlates with effective and well-rated human interaction. However, people do not remain locked in synchrony; Instead, they repeatedly enter and exit synchrony. In many important interactions, such as therapy, marriage and parent-infant communication, it is the ability to exit and then re-enter synchrony that is thought to build strong relationship. The phenomenon of entry into zero-phase synchrony is well-studied experimentally and in terms of mathematical modeling. In contrast, exit-from-synchrony is under-studied. Here, we focus on human motion coordination, and examine the exit-from-synchrony phenomenon using experimental data from the mirror game paradigm, in which people perform joint improvised motion, and from human tracking of computer-generated stimuli. We present a mathematical mechanism that captures aspects of exit-from-synchrony in human motion. The mechanism adds a random motion component when the accumulated velocity error between the players is small. We introduce this mechanism to several models for human coordinated motion, including the widely studied HKB model, and the predictor-corrector model of Noy, Dekel and Alon. In all models, the new mechanism produces realistic simulated behavior when compared to experimental data from the mirror game and from tracking of computer generated stimuli, including repeated entry and exit from zero-phase synchrony that generates a complexity of motion similar to that of human players. We hope that these results can inform future research on exit-from-synchrony, to better understand the dynamics of coordinated action of people and to enhance human-computer and human-robot interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging single-atom field spans single-atom catalysis in chemistry and single-atom manipulation in physics up to the state-of-the-art characterization via imaging and spectroscopy. These interdisciplinary progresses have been interacted closely with the development of materials science, underscoring the principle that the single atom excels as the smallest functional material. This simple concept not only permits to reinvent our understanding of the nature of materials, but also promises unambiguously to have a great impact on other physical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new alkali metal boroantimonates, namely, A2SbB3O8 (A = Na, K, Rb) and β-RbSbB2O6, have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions. Isostructural A2SbB3O8 (A = Na, K, Rb) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with structures featuring a novel 3D anionic framework composed of SbO6 octahedra and linear B3O8 groups with 1D tunnels of Sb4B4 8-membered-rings (MRs) along the a-axis, which are filled by alkali metal ions. β-RbSbB2O6 crystallizes in the polar space group Cc, revealing novel 3D anionic networks composed of SbO6 octahedra chains and B2O5 groups with 1D tunnels of Sb4B2 6-MRs along the b-axis and 1D tunnels of Sb3B4 7-MRs along the c-axis. Studies on their optical properties and thermal stability, band structure calculations based on DFT methods and linear optical calculations have also been performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon has remained the material of choice for both the microelectronic and photovoltaic (PV) industries for a few decades. In addition to its abundance, silicon can be refined to an extremely high purity and grown into large dislocation-free single crystals that meet the stringent requirements of modern electronic devices for many applications. On the other hand, customized silicon crystals with lower purity and perfectness, grown via high-throughput directional solidification at a low cost, that can meet the high performance needs of solar cells have rapidly driven PV development in the past decade. In this highlight, we review the recent engineering efforts in the state-of-the art industrial production of customized silicon crystals, including quasi-mono and multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si). Special attention will be focused on the so-called high-performance (HP) mc-Si that has become the mainstream material for solar cells since 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environments with varying temperatures have been shown to beneficially increase the probability of obtaining protein crystals. Therefore, a cycling temperature strategy (CTS) has been proposed for protein crystallization screening. During the practical application of this strategy, it is necessary to know the effective temperature range that promotes crystallization to design a suitable temperature program. In this paper, the effects of different temperature ranges on lysozyme crystallization (or more specifically, nucleation) were investigated. The results show that a small periodic variation in the temperature range of as little as 0.4 K can have a significant effect on the crystallization success rate under some crystallization concentration conditions, confirming that crystallization of lysozyme is very sensitive to temperature variation. Because practical protein crystallization is always performed in an environment with slight temperature variations, the sensitivity of protein crystallization to temperature may provide an explanation for the poor reproducibility of protein crystallization. Further investigation of the CTS on lysozyme crystallization showed that a cycling temperature strategy exerts an effect on protein crystallization by altering the supersaturation caused by changes in temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile surfactant-assisted ion-exchange method has been developed to prepare rhombic dodecahedral Ag3PO4 sub-microcrystals which are ca. 250–600 nm in size through employing uniform Ag2CO3 sub-microrods which are ca. 250–450 nm in diameter and 1–2 μm in length as a precursor for the first time. A series of contrast experiments indicates that the dosages and types of surfactants and different anion sources have a great influence on the formation of the Ag3PO4 rhombic dodecahedra. Based on time-dependent experiments, a reasonable so-called precipitation–dissolution–recrystallization growth mechanism for the Ag3PO4 rhombic dodecahedra has been proposed. The as-prepared sample exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than both commercial TiO2 (P25) and irregular Ag3PO4 particles toward degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for RhB photodegradation by the rhombic dodecahedral Ag3PO4 (0.164 min−1) is about 7 and 2.5 times that of P25 and irregular Ag3PO4, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four temperature-dependent KI-induced KI–LnIII heterometallic coordination polymers, {[LnK(OBA)2(μ2-OH2)]·4H2O}n (Ln = Tb(1), Dy(2), H2OBA = 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid) and {[Ln3K(OBA)4(μ2-HCOO)(μ3-HCOO)2]·2H2O}n (Ln = Tb(3), Dy(4)), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by controlling the temperature. Notably, compounds 1 and 2, consisting of an unique nine-nuclear cluster secondary building unit (SBU), [Ln4K5(–CO2)16(μ2-H2O)4], linked to each other by OBA2−, can be simplified as a highly 12-connected three-dimensional (3D) network with fcu topology. Comparably, compounds 3 and 4 consist of a rare four-nuclear cluster SBU, [Ln3K(–CO2)6(μ2-HCOO)2(μ3-HCOO)4], which are linked to each other by OBA2− resulting in a highly 10-connected tcg topology. The luminescent properties of 1 and 3 were studied and the solid-state magnetic measurements reveal antiferromagnetic behaviors of 2 and 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food digestion is a complex, multiscale process that has recently become of interest to the food industry due to the developing links between food and health or disease. Food digestion can be studied by using either in vitro or in vivo models, each having certain advantages or disadvantages. The recent interest in food digestion has resulted in a large number of studies in this area, yet few have provided an in-depth, quantitative description of digestion processes. To provide a framework to develop these quantitative comparisons, a summary is given here between digestion processes and parallel unit operations in the food and chemical industry. Characterization parameters and phenomena are suggested for each step of digestion. In addition to the quantitative characterization of digestion processes, the multiscale aspect of digestion must also be considered. In both food systems and the gastrointestinal tract, multiple length scales are involved in food breakdown, mixing, absorption. These different length scales influence digestion processes independently as well as through interrelated mechanisms. To facilitate optimized development of functional food products, a multiscale, engineering approach may be taken to describe food digestion processes. A framework for this approach is described in this review, as well as examples that demonstrate the importance of process characterization as well as the multiple, interrelated length scales in the digestion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a project involving an alliance between universities and high schools, a magnetized plasma column with a steep pressure gradient was established in an experimental device. A two-dimensional probe measured fluctuations in the plasma column in a plane transverse to the background magnetic field. Correlation techniques determined that the fluctuations were that of electrostatic drift waves. The time series data were used to generate the Bandt-Pompe entropy and Jensen-Shannon complexity for the data. These quantities, when plotted against one another, revealed that a combination of drift waves and other background fluctuations were a deterministically chaotic system. Our analysis can be used to tell the difference between deterministic chaos and random noise, making it a potentially useful technique in nonlinear dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes 5046 research publications in physical science that Haryana had published during the last ten years (2005-14). The publications data was sourced from Scopus International database. The findings reveal that Haryana registered 14.28% growth per year and citation impact of 6.0 citations per paper. Haryana's research output in physical science accounted for 19.42% state share and 1.72% country share in S&T during 2005-14. Nearly 13.5% of Haryana's output appeared as International collaborative papers. Chemistry and physics & astronomy accounted for the largest share (37.38% and 33% respectively). The top 20 most productive organizations of Haryana accounted for 83.25% and 86.12% publication and citation share, registered average productivity of 210.5 papers per organization, averaged 6.20 citations per paper, h-index of 13.85, and averaged 10.95% share as international collaborative papers of during 2005-14. The top 20 most productive authors from Haryana-based organizations accounted for 22.39% publications share, 31.75% citations share, registered average productivity of 56.5 papers per author, averaged 8.50 citations per paper, h-index of 11.85%, and 8.67% share as international collaborative papers during 2005-14. Nearly 18% of Haryana's papers in physical science were reported in top 20 journals during 2005-14. Haryana contributed 18 highly cited papers with 100 + citations per paper. Together these 18 papers cumulated 3129 citations, with an average of 173.83 citations per paper during 2005-14. In all, 135 authors (19 foreign) and 66 organizations (13 foreign) had participated in contributing these 18 highly cited papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on international cooperative research between China and other countries and the role that China's diaspora is playing in making it a growing center of international collaboration. It states China's largest collaborator is the U.S., with Germany as its next strongest collaborative partner. It mentions the increase in collaboration for research chemistry and the physical sciences. It presents charts of China's global research network and links between China and other nations.

The article offers information on the fiscal year 2016 research and development (R&D) budget proposed by U.S. President Barack Obama. Topics covered include the distribution of the proposed R&D increases among agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the plan of the administration to the three main sources of federal support for the physical sciences, and funding planned for the national security R&D programs.

In this article, we discuss the exponential and the logarithmic functions in the realm of matrices. These notions are very useful in the mathematical and the physical sciences [1,2]. We discuss some important results including the connections established between skew-symmetric and orthogonal matrices, etc., through the exponentialmap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to defend the thesis that analysis of time meaning within history and philosophy of natural sciences and philosophical anthropology allows making clear the basis of human being. It's opened the opportunity of constructing special model of general understanding of time as a creation of nature or as a creation of human. Two main methods are used: comparative analysis and hermeneutics. Article presents the discussion of following results. Orientation on discretization and virtual nature of cultural interaction, or orientation on mutual tension of limits of cultural and historical process allows connecting philosophy of natural sciences and philosophical anthropology with system of physical categories: energy, weight, distance, etc. It finds an application as in the physical and mathematical sphere so in the field of humanistic studies. The general conclusion made is that neither nature nor human solely creates the time. Time is an imaginary phenomenon connecting human activity and natural processes in the limits of human consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although speculative ideas of an expanding Earth can be found before World War II, it was only in the 1950s and 1960s that the theory attracted serious attention among a minority of earth scientists. While some of the proponents of the expanding Earth adopted an empiricist attitude by disregarding the physical cause of the assumed expansion, others argued that the cause, either fully or in part, was of cosmological origin. They referred to the possibility that the gravitational constant was slowly decreasing in time, as first suggested by P. Dirac in 1937. As a result of a stronger gravitation in the past, the ancient Earth would have been smaller than today. The gravitational argument for an expanding Earth was proposed by P. Jordan and L. Egyed in the 1950s and during the next 2 decades it was discussed by several physicists, astronomers and earth scientists. Among those who for a period felt attracted by "gravitational expansionism" were A. Holmes, J. Tuzo Wilson and F. Hoyle. The paper examines the idea of a varying gravitational constant and its impact on geophysics in the period from about 1955 to the mid-1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature plasma technique is one of the critical techniques in IC manufacturing process, such as etching and thin-film deposition, and the uniformity greatly impacts the process quality, so the design for the plasma uniformity control is very important but difficult. It is hard to finely and flexibly regulate the spatial distribution of the plasma in the chamber via controlling the discharge parameters or modifying the structure in zero-dimensional space, and it just can adjust the overall level of the process factors. In the view of this problem, a segmented non-uniform dielectric module design solution is proposed for the regulation of the plasma profile in a CCP chamber. The solution achieves refined and flexible regulation of the plasma profile in the radial direction via configuring the relative permittivity and the width of each segment. In order to solve this design problem, a novel simulation-based auto-design approach is proposed, which can automatically design the positional sequence with multi independent variables to make the output target profile in the parameterized simulation model approximate the one that users preset. This approach employs an idea of quasi-closed-loop control system, and works in an iterative mode. It starts from initial values of the design variable sequences, and predicts better sequences via the feedback of the profile error between the output target profile and the expected one. It never stops until the profile error is narrowed in the preset tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focused multiple ion beamlets from a microwave plasma source is investigated for localized micron-scale modification of substrates in a patterned manner. Plasma electrodes (PE) with an array of through apertures having aperture diameters of the order of plasma Debye length are investigated for generating the beamlets. Extraction through sub-Debye length apertures becomes possible when the PE is kept at floating potential. It is found that the current - voltage characteristics of the extracted beamlets exhibits interesting features such as a space-charge-limited region that has a different behaviour than the conventional Child-Langmuir's law and an extraction-voltage-limited region that does not undergo saturation but exhibits a Schottky-like behaviour similar to that of a vacuum diode. A switching technique to control the motion of individual beamlets is developed and the stopping potential determined. The beamlets are thereafter used to create localized micro-resistive patterns. The experimental results are compared with simulations and reasonably good agreement is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop time-domain simulations of microwave and THz radiation sources built as arrays of active devices when the radiation wavelength is small as compared to spacing between electronic components. We pursue an approach when the system is represented by equations with time-delay feedback that could generate chaos and other forms of complicated dynamics. The approach simplifies simulations of ultra-wideband effects and exceeds capabilities of frequency-domain methods. As a model case, we simulated a microstrip circuit with Gunn diode and a remote resonator emitting the radiation towards infinity. We observed the emergence of either the continuous waves or the trains of high-frequency pulses depending on the bias conditions. We found bistability and hysteresis in the onset of different oscillation modes that depends on the way of driving the bias voltage into the domain of instability of the given system. The results would allow one to improve the design of THz radiation sources with time-delay coupling between components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By fabricating the Field-Effect-Transistors on argon bombardment SrTiO3 substrates, not only we have achieved one of the best mobility for Field-Effect-Transistors fabricated on SrTiO3, but also realized strong field induced Metal-Insulator-Transition. The critical sheet resistance for the Metal-Insulator-Transition is only 1/7 of the value obtained in the former experiments, indicating a different mechanism. Further study shows that the Metal-Insulator-Transition can be attributed to the oxygen vacancies formed after the bombardment becoming the electron donor under the electric field modulation, increasing SrTiO3 surface electron density and transforming the substrate into metallic state [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This passage presents a design of tunable terahertz metamaterials via transition between indirect and direct electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects by changing semiconductor InSb's properties to terahertz wave under optical and thermal stimuli. Mechanical model and its electrical circuit model are utilized in analytically calculating maximum transmission of transparency window. Simulated results show consistency with the analytical expressions. The results show that the metamaterials hold 98.4% modulation depth at 189 GHz between 300 K, σInsb =256000 S/m, and 80 K, σInSb =0.0162 S/m conditions, 1360 ps recovery time of the excited electrons in InSb under optical stimulus at 300 K mainly considering the direct EIT effect, and minimum bandwidth 1 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most fascinating nanostructure morphologies are spirals, hybrids of somewhat obscure topology and dimensionality with technologically attractive properties. Here, we investigate mechanical and electromechanical properties of graphene spirals upon elongation by using density-functional tight-binding, continuum elasticity theory, and classical force field molecular dynamics. It turns out that electronic properties are governed by interlayer interactions as opposed to strain effects. The structural behavior is governed by van der Waals interaction: in its absence spirals unfold with equidistant layer spacings, ripple formation at spiral perimeter, and steadily increasing axial force; in its presence, on the contrary, spirals unfold via smooth local peeling, complex geometries, and nearly constant axial force. These electromechanical trends ought to provide useful guidelines not only for additional theoretical investigations but also for forthcoming experiments on graphene spirals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of various designing parameters were investigated and explored for high performance solar cells. Single layer grating based solar cell of 50m thickness gives maximum efficiency up to 24% whereas same efficiency is achieved with the use of three bilayers grating based solar cell of 30m thickness. Remarkably, bilayer grating based solar cell design not only gives broadband absorption but also enhancement in efficiency with reduced cell thickness requirement. This absorption enhancement is attributed to the high reflection and diffraction from DBR and grating respectively. The obtained short-circuit current were 29.6, 32.9, 34.6 and 36.05 mA/cm² of 5, 10, 20 and 30m cell thicknesses respectively. These presented designing efforts would be helpful to design and realize new generation of solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the views in which how management research can learn from the research in physical sciences. The discussions evolved on the understanding of scientific knowledge science in the area of sciences and relation to the study in management research. Management research might not be scientific as in physical sciences such as physics, chemistry or astronomy because the former are inter-related with human behavior and whereas the latter investigates physical objects (non-living objects). The following discussion explored the distinction between management and physical science researches. Synthesizing this discussion, it is depicted that the concept of science has been differently interpreted by various physical sciences are schools of thoughts. It is recommended here that one of the ways to progress management inquiry or research, is to challenge the traditional methodologies and to use scientific approach in observing, measuring, analyzing, and concluding management phenomena. Hence, this reflects from learning of the physical science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations reveal that a particular planetary nebula -- the ejected envelope of an old star -- is unusually enriched in rare carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. The finding could help to explain the origins of these isotopes.The planetary nebula K4-47 is enriched in 13C, 15N and 17O isotopes., Author(s): Amanda KarakasAuthor Affiliations:An abundance of rare isotopes in a planetary nebula Why is Schmidt and colleagues' finding such a big deal? For one thing, it seems to suggest that [...]

Elimination of the central solenoid would simplify the engineering design of a fusion nuclear science facility and tokamak based devices. The method of transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI) has successfully demonstrated formation of a high-quality closed flux plasma in NSTX and will be used as the front end of the start-up method for a full demonstration of noninductive current start-up, followed by noninductive current ramp-up using neutral beams in the NSTX-U device that is now under construction at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. CHI is implemented by driving current along open field lines that connect the lower inner and outer divertor plates of a spherical torus. The engineering system requirements and the design of the CHI system on NSTX-U are described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is nowadays well-known but relatively underexploited and still considered as unconventional. It has been used, among others, in the frame of materials science and most importantly has also found very promising applications in analytical chemistry. Here, we extend this emerging field of analytical applications to the development of a new sensing concept based on indirect BPE. This approach is based on the generation of local pH gradients which will allow detecting indirectly redox-active molecules due to a modulation of the fluorescence intensity in the vicinity of a bipolar electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the periodical. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The call for more integration between the social and physical sciences has been intensifying in recent years. This project has been especially active in the sociology of health where a number of integrative models have been proposed. However, these models have theoretical problems that have limited their empirical usefulness. Specifically, they have not adequately addressed the theoretical issues surrounding the emergence and reductionsim that occur in multilevel models of health and illness. Using examples from recent research in health and illness, this essay proposes a new conceptualization of integrative science that is based on a pragmatic tension between emergence and reductionism. This will reorient the focus from questions of ontology to questions of pragmatics. In doing so, I seek to craft a theory that can make sense of multilevel research while being sensitive to the inevitable problems of complexity and structural violence that develop in the translation of multilevel health research into diverse social realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the interplay between statistics and measurement. Measurement quality affects inference from data collected and analyzed using statistical methods while appropriate data analysis quantifies the quality of measurements. This article brings material on statistics and measurement together in one place as a resource for practitioners. Both frequentist and Bayesian methods are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]