Search

AbstractToxic intermediates in food caused by chloramphenicol (CP) and furazolidone (FZ) have gained interest in research toward their detection. Hence, fast, reliable, and accurate detection of CP and FZ in food products is of utmost importance. Here, a novel molybdenum disulfide-connected carbon nanotube aerogel/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT] nanocomposite materials are constructed and deposited on the pretreated carbon paste electrode (PCPE) by a facile eletropolymerization method. The characterization of MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT nanocomposite was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. The modified MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT nanocomposite has improved sensing characteristics for detecting CP and FZ in PBS solution. For this work, we have studied various parameters like electrocatalytic activity, the effect of scan rates, pH variation studies, and concentration variation studies. Under optimum conditions, the modified electrode exhibited superior sensing ability compared to the bare and pretreated CPE. This improvement in electrocatalytic activity can be the higher conductivity, larger surface area, increased heterogeneous rate constant, and presence of more active sites in the MoS2/CNTs aerogel/PEDOT nanocomposite. The modified electrode demonstrated distinct electrochemical sensing toward the individual and simultaneous analysis of CP and FZ with a high sensitivity of 0.701 µA. µM−1 .cm−2 for CP and 0.787 µA. µM−1 .cm−2 for FZ and a low detection limit of 3.74 nM for CP and 3.83 nM for FZ with good reproducibility, repeatability, and interferences. Additionally, the prepared sensor effectively detects CP and FZ in food samples (honey and milk) with an acceptable recovery range and a relative standard deviation below 4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Porous PEDOT as the support of PdSn nanoalloy electrocatalyst. • Pd 4 Sn 6 /PEDOT is created and used for the oxidation of ethylene glycol and ethanol. • The interface electronic structure of Pd was modified by introducing Sn and PEDOT. • It shows outstanding electrocatalytic performance and poisoning-tolerance ability. Developing a novel catalyst with lower noble-metal loading and higher catalytic efficiency is significant for promoting the widespread application of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). In this work, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) supported the PdSn alloy (PdSn/PEDOT) were simply synthesized and their electrocatalytic performance toward the oxidation of ethylene glycol and ethanol (EGOR and EOR) were investigated in alkaline media, respectively. In comparison with other control catalysts, the optimized Pd 4 Sn 6 /PEDOT catalyst exhibits the highest mass activity (7125/4166 mA mg Pd −1) and specific activity (26/15 mA cm−2) towards EGOR/EOR. The mass activity of Pd 4 Sn 6 /PEDOT for EGOR and EOR are 11.9 and 10.9 times higher than commercial Pd/C, respectively. Moreover, chronoamperometry (CA) and successive cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests show that the CO resistance ability and durability of the Pd 4 Sn 6 /PEDOT catalyst were superior to Pd 4 Sn 6 , Pd/PEDOT and commercial Pd/C catalysts, which can be attributed to the d-band center of Pd can be effectively downshifted and the interface strain effect between electrons caused by the conjugated structure between PEDOT groups. This work provides an effective strategy for the development of highly efficient anode catalysts of DAFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced artificial nerve conduits offer a promising alternative for nerve injury repair. Current research focuses on improving the therapeutic effectiveness of nerve conduits by optimizing scaffold materials and functional components. In this study, a novel poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)‐integrated fish swim bladder (FSB) is presented as a conductive nerve conduit with ordered topology and electrical stimulation to promote nerve regeneration. PEDOT nanomaterials and adhesive peptides (IKVAV) are successfully incorporated onto the decellularized FSB substrate through pre‐coating with polydopamine. The obtained PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB substrate exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, stability, as well as excellent biocompatibility and bioadhesive properties. In vitro studies confirm that the PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB can effectively facilitate the growth and directional extension of pheochromocytoma 12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurites. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB conduit can accelerate defective nerve repair and functional restoration. The findings indicate that the FSB‐derived conductive nerve conduits with multiple regenerative inducing signals integration provide a conducive milieu for nerve regeneration, exhibiting great potential for repairing long‐segment neural defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a short overview of the main 3D polymer composite items that are fabricated by extrusion and stereolithography printing. By coupling polymers traditionally used in additive manufacturing, such as PEGDA, and polymers of biomedical interest, such as PVA, with carbon nanostructures, such as nanodiamond and graphene nanoplates, and conductive polymers, such as PEDOT and PANI, it has been possible to produce objects with specific functional properties exploited for fabricating scaffolds for cell growth and proliferation as well as soft electrodes for developing organic compounds sensing devices and electrocardiogram monitoring systems under real‐time conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) have emerged as promising materials for biological sensing, owing to their electrochemical activity, stability in an aqueous environment, and biocompatibility. Yet, OMIEC‐based sensors rely predominantly on the use of composite matrices to enable stimuli‐responsive functionality, which can exhibit issues with intercomponent interfacing. In this study, an approach is presented for non‐enzymatic glucose detection by harnessing a newly synthesized functionalized monomer, EDOT‐PBA. This monomer integrates electrically conducting and receptor moieties within a single organic component, obviating the need for complex composite preparation. By engineering the conditions for electrodeposition, two distinct polymer film architectures are developed: pristine PEDOT‐PBA and molecularly imprinted PEDOT‐PBA. Both architectures demonstrated proficient glucose binding and signal transduction capabilities. Notably, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) architecture demonstrated faster stabilization upon glucose uptake while it also enabled a lower limit of detection, lower standard deviation, and a broader linear range in the sensor output signal compared to its non‐imprinted counterpart. This material design not only provides a robust and efficient platform for glucose detection but also offers a blueprint for developing selective sensors for a diverse array of target molecules, by tuning the receptor units correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroactive microfiber-based scaffolds aid neural tissue repair. Carbon microfibers (CMFs) coated with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly[(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-co-(maleic acid)] (PEDOT:PSS-co-MA) provide efficient support and guidance to regrowing axons across spinal cord lesions in rodents and pigs. We investigated the electrical and structural performance of PEDOT:PSS-co-MA-coated carbon MFs (PCMFs) for long-term, biphasic electrical stimulation (ES). Chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allowed the characterization of charge transfer in PCMFs during ES in vitro, and morphological changes were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PCMFs that were 4 mm long withstood two-million-biphasic pulses without reaching cytotoxic voltages, with a 6 mm length producing optimal results. Although EIS and SEM unveiled some polymer deterioration in the 6 mm PCMFs, no significant changes in voltage excursions appeared. For the preliminary testing of the electrical performance of PCMFs in vivo, we used 12 mm long, 20-microfiber assemblies interconnected by metallic microwires. PCMFs-assemblies were implanted in two spinal cord-injured pigs and submitted to ES for 10 days. A cobalt–alloy interconnected assembly showed safe voltages for about 1.5 million-pulses and was electrically functional at 1-month post-implantation, suggesting its suitability for sub-chronic ES, as likely required for spinal cord repair. However, improving polymer adhesion to the carbon substrate is still needed to use PCMFs for prolonged ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon cloth shows potential for flexible energy storage electrodes but encounters challenges such as low specific capacitance and limited wettability. This study addresses these limitations by fabricating a highly conformal coating of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) around 3D carbon fibers via the oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) method, employing antimony pentachloride (SbCl5) as the oxidant. The oCVD stands out as a robust manufacturing technique for fabricating highly conformal conducting polymer films on porous structures, ensuring the preservation of geometric features and the maintenance of active sites for redox reactions. The resulting PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth electrodes exhibit improved pseudocapacitance and specific capacitance compared to their pristine counterparts. Particularly, oCVD PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth fabricated at various deposition temperatures exhibit a substantial 1.5‐ to 2.3‐fold enhancement in specific capacitance compared to pristine carbon cloth. The highest specific capacitance (170.94 F g⁻¹) is attained in the oCVD PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth fabricated at a deposition temperature of 80 °C, representing a 2.3‐fold enhancement over its pristine counterpart. The PEDOT‐coated carbon cloths demonstrate lower charge transfer resistance compared to their pristine counterparts, further confirming their superior electrochemical performance. This investigation highlights oCVD's effectiveness in fabricating highly conformal PEDOT coating on carbon cloth electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sn4P3 has been recognized as a promising candidate for an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its appropriate operating potential and high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the rapid fading of capacity induced by volume change, low electrical conductivity, and limited lithium-ion charging speed hindered the actual application of Sn4P3. Building physical barriers of carbon-based material on the surface of Sn4P3 particles is a common way to handle the above issues. In our work, Sn4P3 particles were confined in an ordered mesoporous carbon framework (CMK-3) via a low-pressure vapor method. CMK-3 can not only improve the electric conductivity but also buffer the volume effect by using its mesopore channels to provide accommodation for the huge volume expansion of Sn4P3 particles. In addition, Sn4P3 nanoparticles were synthesized in CMK-3 frameworks via a low-pressure vapor method to obtain the Sn4P3/CMK-3 nanocomposite. The nanosize effect can shorten electron transfer distance, leading to faster reaction kinetics to improve electrochemical performance. The Sn4P3/CMK-3 was further grafted by a thin layer of poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to prevent the continuing buildup of poorly conducting species and thus optimize the solid electrolyte interface, which has been evidenced by in-depth X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy via Ar cluster etching. As a result of the dual-confining strategy, Sn4P3/CMK-3@PEDOT showed relatively high rate performance (reversible capacity of 438 mAh g–1 at 2.0 A g–1) and stable cycling performance (923 mAh g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 over 740 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the ability to use a reel-to-reel processing technology for conductive surface functionalization of textile yarns using oxidative chemical vapor deposition in a continuous manner. We designed and built a vacuum deposition system, which allows the winding of yarns into the oCVD reactor by unreeling from the outside atmosphere, where the yarn is pre-treated with oxidant solution. Iron(III)chloride (FeCl3) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene were used as the oxidant and monomer, respectively, to deposit thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films on the synthetic PET yarn surfaces. FTIR and XPS analyses were carried out to verify the chemical structure of as-deposited PEDOT films. Effects of temperature, oxidant concentration, and winding speed on the electrical conductivities of the yarns after oCVD were studied. All yarns exhibited non-zero conductivity values independent of the deposition conditions studied. Very high conductivity uniformities were observed along the longitudinal direction of the yarns even at the highest studied winding speed of 24 cm/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the construction of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based on poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene, PEDOT) and polyallylamine (PAH) and its evaluation as a bioelectronic platform for urease integration and urea sensing. The OECT channel was fabricated in a one-step procedure using chemical polymerization. Then, urease was immobilized on the surface by electrostatic interaction of the negatively charged enzyme at neutral pH with the positively charged surface of PEDOH-PAH channels. The real-time monitoring of the urease adsorption process was achieved by registering the changes on the drain–source current of the OECT upon continuous scan of the gate potential during enzyme deposition with high sensitivity. On the other hand, integrating urease enabled urea sensing through the transistor response changes resulting from local pH variation as a consequence of enzymatic catalysis. The response of direct enzyme adsorption is compared with layer-by-layer integration using polyethylenimine. Integrating a polyelectrolyte over the adsorbed enzyme resulted in a more stable response, allowing for the sensing of urine even from diluted urine samples. These results demonstrate the potential of integrating enzymes into the active channels of OECTs for the development of biosensors based on local pH changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-layered carbon accommodation of MnO 2 enhanced ion intercalating and electron transferring, which rendered the resulting batteries ultra-stable cycling. [Display omitted] • Multi-layered carbon accommodation of MnO 2 enhanced ion intercalating and electron transferring. • Spray-coating preparation without any binder agent and conductive carbon black rendered the resulting batteries ultra-stable cycling. • Large-scale and easy preparation prompted the practical application of the aqueous zinc ion batteries for stationary storage at low cost. Large-scale durable aqueous zinc ion batteries for stationary storage are realized by spray-coating conductive PEDOT(Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) wrapping MnO 2 /carbon microspheres hybrid cathode in this work. The porous carbon microspheres with multiple layers deriving from sucrose provide suitable accommodation for MnO 2 active materials, exposing more redox active sites and enhancing the contact surface between electrolyte and active materials. As a result, MnO 2 /microspheres are adhered to the current collector by a conductive PEDOT coating without any binder. The ternary design retards the structural degradation during cycling and shortens the electron and ion transport path, rendering the full batteries high capacity and long cycle stability. The resulting batteries perform the capacity of 277, 227, 110, 85 and 50 mAh/g at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 A/g, respectively. After 3000 cycles the initial capacity retains 86%, and 80% after 5000 cycles. GITT indicates PEDOT wrapping MnO 2 /microspheres cathode enables better ion intercalating kinetics than conventional MnO 2. The work could represent a novel and significant step forward in the studies on the large-scale application of zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the use of polymeric electrochromic devices (ECDs) in architectural or automotive applications, the photostability of the electrochromic (EC) polymer is crucial for long‐term durability. In this study, the photostability of the side‐chain modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT‐EthC6)thin films deposited by roll‐to‐roll slot‐die coating on indium tin oxide coated polyethylene terephtalate (PET‐ITO) is investigated and characterized by UV–vis and IR spectroscopy. Residual iron salt on the EC polymer layer, necessary for the in situ polymerization, and the variation of storage times between processing steps have no influence on the degradation rate during light exposure. The photostability of the thin films is 30% better in an inert atmosphere than in ambient conditions. Different long‐pass filters are applied to enhance the photostability in the colored and the bleached state. The position of the absorption edge strongly affects the photostability and visual appearance/color of the PEDOT‐EthC6 electrodes. The analysis of the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates reveals that a trade‐off between stability and a desirable color is necessary. To prevent UV degradation of the EC polymer in flexible ECDs, sputtered nickel oxide is chosen as the counter electrode material. The hybrid ECD shows no sign of degradation and loss of electrochromic performance after 350 h of light exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-oxide-based gas sensors are extensively utilized across various domains due to their cost-effectiveness, facile fabrication, and compatibility with microelectronic technologies. The copper (Cu)-based multifunctional polymer-enhanced sensor (CuMPES) represents a notably tailored design for non-invasive environmental monitoring, particularly for detecting diverse gases with a low concentration. In this investigation, the Cu-CuO/PEDOT nanocomposite was synthesized via a straightforward chemical oxidation and vapor-phase polymerization. Comprehensive characterizations employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro Raman elucidated the composition, morphology, and crystal structure of this nanocomposite. Gas-sensing assessments of this CuMPES based on Cu-CuO/PEDOT revealed that the response current of the microneedle-type CuMPES surpassed that of the pure Cu microsensor by nearly threefold. The electrical conductivity and surface reactivity are enhanced by poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymerized on the CuO-coated surface, resulting in an enhanced sensor performance with an ultra-fast response/recovery of 0.3/0.5 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosensitive hybrid layers are obtained by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole and 3,4‑ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of water-soluble sodium salt of zinc octa(3′,5′-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninate containing 16 ionogenic carboxylate groups. The process of the hybrid layer electrodeposition was found to occur most effectively in galvanostatic and potentiostatic modes on the sublayer of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–polyacid complex. The electronic and chemical structure and morpho-logy of the hybrid layers of polypyrrole obtained in the presence of zinc octa(3′,5′-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninate were studied. Possible reasons are considered why the measured values of photosensitivity and external quantum yield of charge-carrier generation in polypyrrole–zinc octa(3′,5′-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninate are several times higher than in poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–zinc octa(3′,5′-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalocyaninate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stretchable conducting films are a prime necessity for future stretchable and wearable electronics. In this work, highly conducting poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):Tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) films are deposited on extremely stretchable styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) substrates via vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and their inherent properties are systematically studied. The charge transport and electrical properties of VPP PEDOT:Tos stretchable films are measured from room temperature down to the low temperature of 5 K. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of the stretchable substrate lead to buckling of the PEDOT:Tos that affect the electrical conductivity but not the charge carrier mobility, optical, and structural properties. The VPP PEDOT:Tos on the stretchable SEBS substrate show a semiconducting behavior as electrical resistance is enhanced upon cooling from room temperature to 5 K. Such kind of stretchable conducting films can be used for stretchable transistors, wearable sensing, energy storage, and electrochromic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we use density functional theory to investigate the electronic structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) oligomers with co-located AlCl4− anions, a promising combination for energy storage. The 1980s bipolaron model remains the dominant interpretation of the electronic structure of PEDOT despite recent theoretical progress that has provided new definitions of bipolarons and polarons. By considering the influence of oligomer length, oxidation or anion concentration and spin state, we find no evidence for many of the assertions of the 1980s bipolaron model and so further contribute to a new understanding. No self-localisation of positive charges in PEDOT is found, as predicted by the bipolaron model at the hybrid functional level. Instead, our results show distortions that exhibit a single or a double peak in bond length alternations and charge density. Either can occur at different oxidation or anion concentrations. Rather than representing bipolarons or polaron pairs in the original model, these are electron distributions driven by a range of factors. Distortions can span an arbitrary number of nearby anions. We also contribute a novel conductivity hypothesis. Conductivity in conducting polymers has been observed to reduce at anion concentrations above 0.5. We show that at high anion concentrations, the energy of the localised, non-bonding anionic orbitals approaches that of the system HOMO due to Coulombic repulsion between anions. We hypothesize that with nucleic motion in the macropolymer, these orbitals will interfere with the hopping of charge carriers between sites of similar energy, lowering conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Transition metal selenides (TMS) have been used to prepare hundreds of electrode materials for ion batteries due to their superior theoretical capacity, but have been repeatedly limited by the sluggish reaction kinetics and the enormous volume change during the repeated charge/discharge process. Here, we report a facile strategy to fabricate organic–inorganic composites by engineering a unique chemical bonding interface between TMS and conductive polymers. For the first time, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is utilized to encapsulate iron diselenide (FeSe 2) nanoparticles by in situ polymerization, and the Fe-S bonds are meanwhile formed at the interface of FeSe 2 and PEDOT. The experimental analysis demonstrates the stability of Fe-S bonds during the sodiation/desodiation process and after long cycling, which can serve as a "bridge" for fast charge transfer and also serve as a "rivet" to stabilize the composite structure. When used for sodium ion storage, the composite offers an exceptionally long lifetime of up to 17,000 loops at 10 A/g without capacity degradation. In addition, it delivers a high specific capacity of 490.4 mAh/g and retains 60 % when the current density is amplified 150 times. The assembled full cell also exhibits excellent cycling stability. This work will provide a feasible way to improve the metal oxide/sulfide/selenides for long-life ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to sustainable and efficient energy solutions, organic semiconductors can play an important role in thermoelectric applications, since they are non‐toxic, cheap, made of abundant chemical species, and show intrinsically low thermal conductivities. Their electrical conductivity can be optimized via doping. Yet, thermal conduction should be as low as possible and, to this end, the atomic scale mechanisms behind heat transport –e.g. the correlation between morphology and thermal conductivity or the role of doping– should be understood in detail. Fully atomistic molecular dynamics calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) highly ordered, quasi‐crystalline nanofibers are presented here. It is found that the conductivity along the backbone direction is not necessarily the highest, but it depends on the length of the PEDOT chains, thus the degree of anisotropy depends on the the aspect ratio of the nanofiber. Indeed, transport along the lamellar direction can be of the same order or higher than that of the backbone if their lengths are comparable. These results challenge the usual expectation that thermal conduction along the backbone largely exceeds those along the lamellar and π − π direction and have the important consequence that the anisotropy could be leveraged in thermal management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex 3D geometry and high conductivity have generally been mutually exclusive characteristics for conducting polymers. For instance, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a benchmark conducting polymer, typically exhibits conductivity 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower in 3D-printed forms compared to 2D-processed thin films, due to its sensitivity to processing conditions. Here, we investigate the main causes of this reduced conductivity, which are found to be (1) the ink formulation strategy and (2) the strong lateral phase separation of the printed filaments. Processing approaches that overcome these factors have produced significant conductivity enhancement to 1200 S/cm, higher than the typical 2D-processed PEDOT:PSS. Our study also unveils a set of guiding principles for optimizing the conductivity of direct ink writing (DIW)-printed PEDOT:PSS, including printing orientation, print bed temperature, and nozzle diameter. With the combination of high conductivity and 3D geometric freedom, potential applications such as omnidirectionally deformable LED devices with strain-independent electrical behavior and bespoke electronics that replicate the shape of human body parts have been demonstrated.

Electrically conductive biomaterials direct cell behavior by capitalizing on the effect of bioelectricity in tissue homeostasis and healing. Many studies have leveraged conductive biomaterials to influence cells and improve tissue healing, even in the absence of external stimulation. However, most studies using electroactive materials neglect characterizing how the inclusion of conductive additives affects the material's mechanical properties, and the interplay between substrate electrical and mechanical properties on cell behavior is poorly understood. Furthermore, mechanisms dictating how electrically conductive materials affect cell behavior in the absence of external stimulation are not explicit. In this study, we developed a mechanically and electrically tunable conductive hydrogel using agarose and the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS. Under certain conditions, we observed that the hydrogel physical and electrical properties were decoupled. We then seeded human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) onto the hydrogels and observed enhanced adhesion and spreading of MSCs on conductive substrates, regardless of the hydrogel mechanical properties, and despite the gels having no cell-binding sites. To explain this observation, we measured protein interaction with the gels and found that charged proteins adsorbed significantly more to conductive hydrogels. These data demonstrate that conductivity promotes cell adhesion, likely by facilitating increased adsorption of proteins associated with cell binding, providing a better understanding of the mechanism of action of electrically conductive materials.

Abstract Advanced artificial nerve conduits offer a promising alternative for nerve injury repair. Current research focuses on improving the therapeutic effectiveness of nerve conduits by optimizing scaffold materials and functional components. In this study, a novel poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)‐integrated fish swim bladder (FSB) is presented as a conductive nerve conduit with ordered topology and electrical stimulation to promote nerve regeneration. PEDOT nanomaterials and adhesive peptides (IKVAV) are successfully incorporated onto the decellularized FSB substrate through pre‐coating with polydopamine. The obtained PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB substrate exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, stability, as well as excellent biocompatibility and bioadhesive properties. In vitro studies confirm that the PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB can effectively facilitate the growth and directional extension of pheochromocytoma 12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurites. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB conduit can accelerate defective nerve repair and functional restoration. The findings indicate that the FSB‐derived conductive nerve conduits with multiple regenerative inducing signals integration provide a conducive milieu for nerve regeneration, exhibiting great potential for repairing long‐segment neural defects.

Abstract Carbon cloth shows potential for flexible energy storage electrodes but encounters challenges such as low specific capacitance and limited wettability. This study addresses these limitations by fabricating a highly conformal coating of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) around 3D carbon fibers via the oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) method, employing antimony pentachloride (SbCl5) as the oxidant. The oCVD stands out as a robust manufacturing technique for fabricating highly conformal conducting polymer films on porous structures, ensuring the preservation of geometric features and the maintenance of active sites for redox reactions. The resulting PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth electrodes exhibit improved pseudocapacitance and specific capacitance compared to their pristine counterparts. Particularly, oCVD PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth fabricated at various deposition temperatures exhibit a substantial 1.5‐ to 2.3‐fold enhancement in specific capacitance compared to pristine carbon cloth. The highest specific capacitance (170.94 F g⁻¹) is attained in the oCVD PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth fabricated at a deposition temperature of 80 °C, representing a 2.3‐fold enhancement over its pristine counterpart. The PEDOT‐coated carbon cloths demonstrate lower charge transfer resistance compared to their pristine counterparts, further confirming their superior electrochemical performance. This investigation highlights oCVD's effectiveness in fabricating highly conformal PEDOT coating on carbon cloth electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices.

Abstract Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) have emerged as promising materials for biological sensing, owing to their electrochemical activity, stability in an aqueous environment, and biocompatibility. Yet, OMIEC‐based sensors rely predominantly on the use of composite matrices to enable stimuli‐responsive functionality, which can exhibit issues with intercomponent interfacing. In this study, an approach is presented for non‐enzymatic glucose detection by harnessing a newly synthesized functionalized monomer, EDOT‐PBA. This monomer integrates electrically conducting and receptor moieties within a single organic component, obviating the need for complex composite preparation. By engineering the conditions for electrodeposition, two distinct polymer film architectures are developed: pristine PEDOT‐PBA and molecularly imprinted PEDOT‐PBA. Both architectures demonstrated proficient glucose binding and signal transduction capabilities. Notably, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) architecture demonstrated faster stabilization upon glucose uptake while it also enabled a lower limit of detection, lower standard deviation, and a broader linear range in the sensor output signal compared to its non‐imprinted counterpart. This material design not only provides a robust and efficient platform for glucose detection but also offers a blueprint for developing selective sensors for a diverse array of target molecules, by tuning the receptor units correspondingly.

Herein, a route to produce highly electrically conductive doped hydroxymethyl functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films, termed PEDOT(OH) with metal-like charge transport properties using a fully solution processable precursor polymer is reported. This is achieved via an ester-functionalized PEDOT derivative [PEDOT(EHE)] that is soluble in a range of solvents with excellent film-forming ability. PEDOT(EHE) demonstrates moderate electrical conductivities of 20-60 S cm-1 and hopping-like (i.e., thermally activated) transport when doped with ferric tosylate (FeTos3 ). Upon basic hydrolysis of PEDOT(EHE) films, the electrically insulative side chains are cleaved and washed from the polymer film, leaving a densified film of PEDOT(OH). These films, when optimally doped, reach electrical conductivities of ≈1200 S cm-1 and demonstrate metal-like (i.e., thermally deactivated and band-like) transport properties and high stability at comparable doping levels.

Developing novel, energy-saving, and facile approaches to constructing high-performance aerogels is still challenging. Aerogels are most commonly produced by freeze-drying and supercritical drying that require expensive specialty equipment or ambient drying lengthily of solvent exchange precursors. Here, we report a compensation strategy using acrylamide as an assisting solute to enable the construction of conductive polymer aerogels by simple vacuum drying of frozen solids of aqueous poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). In this approach, the acrylamide crystal sublimates slowly at an elevated temperature (80 or 110 °C) to maintain the porous structure of PEDOT/PSS in the solid-state during water evaporation. By tuning PEDOT/PSS to acrylamide weight ratios and drying temperatures, aerogels were produced with low density (6.3–21.6 mg/cm3), high porosity (>99 %), and low shrinkage (5.3 %). Additionally, acrylamide increases the electrical conductivity of PEDOT/PSS by three orders of magnitude (from 0.01 to 81.1 S/m). Morphology and physical properties are further analyzed to reveal aerogel formation and the conductivity enhancement mechanism. These aerogels are then applied as water-induced electric generators for green energy harvesting. The current work provides an alternative and simplified approach to rapidly fabricating various nanomaterial-based aerogels, replacing the slower and more expensive freeze-drying and supercritical drying.

Herein, we report the thermal transitions and structural properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril) pseudopolyrotaxane (PEDOT∙CB7-PS) and polyrotaxane (PEDOT∙CB7-PR) thin films compared with those of pristine PEDOT. The structural characteristics were investigated by using variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (VTSE), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). VTSE and DSC results indicated the presence of an endothermic process and glass transition in the PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR thin films. X-ray diffraction of PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR powders displayed the presence of interchain π-π stacking revealing a characteristic arrangement of aromatic rings in the internal structure of the crystallites. AFM imaging of PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR thin films exhibited significant differences in the surface topographies compared with those of PEDOT. A high degree of crystallization was clearly visible on the surface of the PEDOT layer, whereas the PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR thin films exhibited more favorable surface parameters. Such significant differences identified in the surface morphology of the investigated layers can, therefore, be clearly associated with the presence of surrounding CB7 on PEDOT skeletons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synapses and neurons in artificial intelligence are acknowledged as pivotal elements in constructing neuromorphic computing systems. Specifically, organic material-based memristors are widely recognized due to their advantages in terms of transparency, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, environment friendliness, and biocompatible properties. In this paper, we fabricated organic functional layer-based memristors and synapses by spin-coating poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly-(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate following a magnetron-sputtered ITO as the top electrode. Moreover, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were employed in the functional layer as charge trapping elements for optimizing the performance of PEDOT-based memory devices. With control of the concentrations of ZnO NPs, the devices of ITO/PEDOT:PSS-(ZnO NPs)/ITO exhibited promising resistive switching performance and synaptic functionalities. In the device of ITO/PEDOT:PSS-(3% ZnO NPs)/ITO, it shows gradual switching characteristics and could effectively mimic synapse functionalities. In the device ITO/PEDOT:PSS-(5% ZnO NPs)/ITO, it shows a forming-free character and excellent resistive change performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the problems of unstable conductivity and worse mechanical properties of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) conductive nonwoven fabric, a neural network model was used to optimize the properties of PEDOT: PSS conductive nonwoven fabrics.The experimental data of PEDOT: PSS conductive nonwoven fabrics were collected as the input and output of GA-BP neural network, and the optimization model for the ratio of PEDOT: PSS conductive polymers was established.The results showed that the optimized process parameters to prepare PEDOT: PSS conductive nonwoven fabric included the molar ratio of EDOT and PSS as 0.334 5, the concentration of ammonium persulfate as 0.029 7 mol/L,the concentration of iron sulfate as 0.048 7 mol/L, and the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid as 6.963 0%.The conductivity of optimized conductive nonwoven fabric was 6.713 S/m, the tensile strength of nonwoven fabric was 4.581 MPa. The conductivity of prepared PEDOT : PSS conductive nonwoven fabric after 20 min friction was decreased from 6.329 S/m to 5.348 S/m. After 60 min washing, the conductivity was decreased from 6.536 S/m to 5.435 S/m and the decrease trend was slow. It means that the prepared conductive nonwoven fabrics had excellent stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered oxides exhibit interesting performance as positive electrodes for commercial sodium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the replacement of low-sustainable nickel with more abundant iron would be desirable. Although it can be achieved in P2-Na2/3Ni2/9Fe2/9Mn5/9O2, its performance still requires further improvement. Many imaginative strategies such as surface modification have been proposed to minimize undesirable interactions at the cathode–electrolyte interface while facilitating sodium insertion in different materials. Here, we examine four different approaches based on the use of the electron-conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as an additive: (i) electrochemical in situ polymerization of the monomer, (ii) manual mixing with the active material, (iii) coating the current collector, and (iv) a combination of the latter two methods. As compared with pristine layered oxide, the electrochemical performance shows a particularly effective way of increasing cycling stability by using electropolymerization. Contrarily, the mixtures show less improvement, probably due to the heterogeneous distribution of oxide and polymer in the samples. In contrast with less conductive polyanionic cathode materials such as phosphates, the beneficial effects of PEDOT on oxide cathodes are not as much in rate performance as in inhibiting cycling degradation, due to the compactness of the electrodes without loss of electrical contact between active particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a photodetector was prepared by depositing TPD polymer and ZnO nanoparticles on porous silicon (PSi) substrates using spin coating technique. The response time of the manufactured PSi/ZnO:TPD detector (by illuminating the sample with a 250 Watt/cm2 tungsten lamp) was 8.83 s and measured in second scale. The detection, specific detectivity and responsivity of both the detectors were found to be 34.84 × 109 Watt−1, 20.19 × 109 Watt−1 Hz 1/2 cm and 533.076 × 10−3 A/W, respectively. The incorporation of PEDOT PSS polymer improved the detection, specific detectivity, optical response and detector response time to 74.62 × 109 Watt−1, 43.25 × 109 Watt−1 Hz 1/2 cm, 1893.16 × 10−3 A/W and 1.06066 s, respectively. The Hall effect measurements revealed that the n-type nanoparticles have the carrier concentration around − 3.90 × 1017 cm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Controlling direct electron transfer (DET) to redox proteins is of great interest for fundamental studies on biochemical processes and the development of biotechnological devices, such as biosensors or enzymatic fuel cells. Cytochrome c is a classical model protein for studying DET reactions that plays a key role in the onset of cellular apoptosis and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In this contribution, we explored DET between cyt c and conducting polymers bearing the chemical structure of thiophene, specifically PEDOT, and its OH‐containing derivative, PHMeEDOT. The combination of electrochemistry and in situ FTIR spectroscopy allowed us to gain more insight into the inner mechanism of DET at physiological pH. Hydrophilic interactions favour the correct orientation of the heme crevice of cytochrome c towards the polymer surface. When a positive charge is injected into the conducting polymer, the increasing electrostatic repulsion between protein and surface induces the desorption of lysine residues near the heme group and stimulates protein flipping. This effect was more pronounced at PEDOT‐ than PHMeEDOT‐modified electrodes since the latter shows stronger interactions with lysine residues, partially hindering protein rotation at moderate potential. The potential‐induced reorientation process was similar on both polymer surfaces, only at high positive potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent emerging technologies (e.g., hybrid vehicles and wearable electronic devices) laid down critical and stringent considerations for their power sources. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have become an attractive energy storage solution, thanks to their superior power density and stability over batteries. The continuous development of SCs is an active field of research toward practical application and commercialization. Yet, finding electrode materials with high capacitance, excellent cycle-life, and mechanical stability is of major interest to exceed the current state-of-the-art SCs. The unique set of features of conducting polymers (CPs), including remarkable electrochemical properties, tunable synthesis, solution-processable capabilities, and mechanical flexibility, promotes them at the forefront of materials for SCs electrodes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of CP-based SCs technology. We first start with a brief overview of CPs' unique properties and the principal synthetic methods that enable innovative fabrication. Then, a compact summary of the electrochemical and physicochemical characterization techniques is presented to assess the quality and mechanism of CP-based SCs. We limit our discussion to the published works in the last ten years. Finally, we highlight several research trends, key challenges, and opportunities of CP-based SCs for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant leaves, such as those from Mangifera indica, represent a potential utilization of waste due to their richness in bioactive compounds. Supercritical CO2 allows these compounds to be incorporated into various matrices by impregnation. Combined with its ability to generate polymeric scaffolds, it represents an attractive strategy for the production of biomedical devices. For this purpose, conjugated polymeric scaffolds of biodegradable PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)), generated in situ by foaming, were employed for the supercritical impregnation of ethanolic mango leaves extract (MLE) in tissue engineering as a potential application. The extraction of MLE was performed by Enhanced Solvent Extraction. The effects of pressure (120–300 bar), temperature (35–55 °C), and depressurization rate (1–50 bar/min) on the physical/conductive properties and the impregnation of MLE were studied. The scaffolds have been characterized by liquid displacement, scanning electron microscope, resistance to conductivity techniques, measurements of impregnated load, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Porosity values ranging 9–46% and conductivity values between 10−4–10−5 S/cm were obtained. High pressures, low temperatures and rapid depressurization favored the impregnation of bioactive compounds. Scaffolds with remarkable antioxidant activity were obtained (75.2–87.3% oxidation inhibition), demonstrating the ability to inhibit S. aureus bacterial growth (60.1 to 71.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the encapsulation of two organic phase change materials (PCMs), hexadecane and octadecane, through the formation of nanocapsules of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) obtained by oxidative polymerization in miniemulsion. The energy storage capacity of nanoparticles is studied by preparing polymer films on supporting substrates. The results indicate that the prepared systems can store and later release thermal energy in the form of latent heat efficiently, which is of vital importance to increase the efficiency of future thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An organic-inorganic hybrid cathode is synthesized. • The pre-intercalated PEDOT endows the cathode increased electronic conductivity. • Maltitol additive inhibits the water activity and improves Zn reversibility. • The hybrid cathode delivers a high capacity and stable cycle. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have triggered a surge of scientific research due to the unique merits of high safety, volumetric specific capacity, and environmental benignity. However, the implementation of this technology is still plagued by the lack of high-performance cathodes that can output high energy density and exceptional cycle life and inadequate Zn reversibility. Here, an organic-inorganic hybrid cathode based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) intercalated hydrated vanadium oxide (denoted PVO), which delivers an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 513.1 mAh g−1 (0.5 A g−1) and an ultra-stable cycle with 95.3 % capacity retention and approximately 100 % Coulombic efficiency over 2000 cycles (20 A g−1), is developed. Combining substantive measurements and theoretical calculations, it is demonstrated that favorable structural features with expanded interlayer galleries and robust architecture are believed to be responsible for the enhanced electrochemical performance, which can be further boosted by the improved Zn reversibility because of the introduction of maltitol electrolyte additive. This work provides a new attempt to achieve organic-inorganic composites for high-performance cathode materials of AZIBs and new insights into the charge storage behavior under the synergistic regulation of bilateral interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Stretchable conducting films are a prime necessity for future stretchable and wearable electronics. In this work, highly conducting poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):Tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) films are deposited on extremely stretchable styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) substrates via vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and their inherent properties are systematically studied. The charge transport and electrical properties of VPP PEDOT:Tos stretchable films are measured from room temperature down to the low temperature of 5 K. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of the stretchable substrate lead to buckling of the PEDOT:Tos that affect the electrical conductivity but not the charge carrier mobility, optical, and structural properties. The VPP PEDOT:Tos on the stretchable SEBS substrate show a semiconducting behavior as electrical resistance is enhanced upon cooling from room temperature to 5 K. Such kind of stretchable conducting films can be used for stretchable transistors, wearable sensing, energy storage, and electrochromic applications.

Electroactive microfiber-based scaffolds aid neural tissue repair. Carbon microfibers (CMFs) coated with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly[(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-co-(maleic acid)] (PEDOT:PSS-co-MA) provide efficient support and guidance to regrowing axons across spinal cord lesions in rodents and pigs. We investigated the electrical and structural performance of PEDOT:PSS-co-MA-coated carbon MFs (PCMFs) for long-term, biphasic electrical stimulation (ES). Chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allowed the characterization of charge transfer in PCMFs during ES in vitro, and morphological changes were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PCMFs that were 4 mm long withstood two-million-biphasic pulses without reaching cytotoxic voltages, with a 6 mm length producing optimal results. Although EIS and SEM unveiled some polymer deterioration in the 6 mm PCMFs, no significant changes in voltage excursions appeared. For the preliminary testing of the electrical performance of PCMFs in vivo, we used 12 mm long, 20-microfiber assemblies interconnected by metallic microwires. PCMFs-assemblies were implanted in two spinal cord-injured pigs and submitted to ES for 10 days. A cobalt–alloy interconnected assembly showed safe voltages for about 1.5 million-pulses and was electrically functional at 1-month post-implantation, suggesting its suitability for sub-chronic ES, as likely required for spinal cord repair. However, improving polymer adhesion to the carbon substrate is still needed to use PCMFs for prolonged ES.

We present the construction of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based on poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene, PEDOT) and polyallylamine (PAH) and its evaluation as a bioelectronic platform for urease integration and urea sensing. The OECT channel was fabricated in a one-step procedure using chemical polymerization. Then, urease was immobilized on the surface by electrostatic interaction of the negatively charged enzyme at neutral pH with the positively charged surface of PEDOH-PAH channels. The real-time monitoring of the urease adsorption process was achieved by registering the changes on the drain–source current of the OECT upon continuous scan of the gate potential during enzyme deposition with high sensitivity. On the other hand, integrating urease enabled urea sensing through the transistor response changes resulting from local pH variation as a consequence of enzymatic catalysis. The response of direct enzyme adsorption is compared with layer-by-layer integration using polyethylenimine. Integrating a polyelectrolyte over the adsorbed enzyme resulted in a more stable response, allowing for the sensing of urine even from diluted urine samples. These results demonstrate the potential of integrating enzymes into the active channels of OECTs for the development of biosensors based on local pH changes.

High‐performance composite electrode materials for supercapacitors were developed by two‐step electrochemical deposition of nano‐NiO and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on nickel foam (NF). NF is considered an excellent conductive substrate for preparing porous electrode materials due to its high conductivity and porosity. The electrodeposited NiO nanoparticles were uniformly and densely coated on the pore of NF to fill in the internal voids, which provides an abundant active site for the electrodeposition of PEDOT. PEDOT was prepared by simple electrodeposition and was uniformly coated on the substrate surface which has high conductivity and reversible electrochemical redox properties, as well as excellent cyclic stability. The loose surface morphology not only provides abundant redox active sites for electrode material but also contributes the good pseudocapacitance property. As expected, the maximum mass‐specific capacity of PEDOT/NiO@NF composite electrode material can reach up to 129.7 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, the composite electrode material shows excellent electrochemical cycling stability that the specific capacity has no obvious decay compared with its initial capacity after 200 cycles of cyclic voltammetry and 100 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). This work demonstrates that the composite material PEDOT/NiO@NF could be a candidate flexibility electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermoelectric (TE) characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene)/titanium carbide (PVA/PEDOT/TiC) composites were explored in this work. The composite films with varying TiC weight ratios were made using the solvent casting process. The homogeneous distribution of TiC particles in the composite structure was revealed by SEM micrographs. The presence of TiC particles in the crystallinity of PVA/PEDOT was revealed by XRD patterns. The electrostatic interactions in the composite structure were revealed by FTIR-ATR studies. The electrical conductivity of PVA/PEDOT rose from 0.06 S/cm to 1.15 S/cm with the contribution of 5% TiC, while the Seebeck coefficient increased from 3.9 µV/K to 98.8 µV/K with the contribution of 1% TiC, according to TE studies. The composite samples exhibited a maximum power factor of 0.72 µW/mK2, which is 104 times greater compared to PVA/PEDOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effect of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT) coating is reported on the electrochemical properties of high voltage, 5.3 V lithium cobalt manganese oxide (LiCoMnO4, LCMO) cathodes. Scalable precipitation followed by a wet coating method is employed for the synthesis of LCMO@PEDOT. Various analytical studies are performed to validate the performance of the cathode. The cycling profile exhibits an enhanced electrochemical performance among the LCMO@PEDOT compared to that of pristine LCMO in a half‐cell configuration. Also, the LCMO@PEDOT: 0.5–3 wt.% is optimized to show better electrochemical performance. The diffusion coefficient calculated from both cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) exhibits an increase in the magnitude from PEDOT coating of 0.5 to 3 wt.% in the order of ≈10−12 cm2 s−1. An in‐operando X‐ray diffraction and in‐situ EIS are performed to validate the electrochemical activity. The full‐cell assembly is also fabricated with spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode under balanced loading conditions. The LCMO@PEDOT (1–3 wt.%)/LTO exhibits better electrochemical performance compared to pristine LCMO/LTO. In addition, a temperature study of full‐cell is carried out within the range of −10 to 20 °C and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice formation detection is important in telecommunications and aeronautics, e.g., ice on the wings of an aircraft affects its aerodynamic performance and leads to fatal accidents. While many types of sensors exist, resistive sensors for ice detection have been poorly explored. They are however attractive because of their simplicity and the possibility to install an array of sensors on large areas to map the ice formation on wings. Hygroscopic ionic conductors have been demonstrated for resistive ice sensing but their high resistance prevents the readout of sensor arrays. In this work, mixed ionic‐electronic polymer conductors (MIEC) are considered for the first time for ice detection. The polymer blend poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is solution deposited on a pair of electrodes. The sensor displays an abrupt rise in electrical resistance during the transition phase between water liquid to solid. It is proposed that the morphology and electronic transport in PEDOT are affected by the freezing event because the absorbed water in the PSS‐rich phase undergoes dilatation upon forming ice crystals. For the aeronautics application, successful tests of integration of sensing layer in pre‐preg layers of aeronautical grade and freezing detection are carried out to validate the ice detection principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conducting polymer with intrinsic redox activity often used to facilitate electrooxidation reactions. PEDOT coatings with different thicknesses are obtained via electrochemical polymerization in the presence of either polysterensulfonate (PSS) or dodecylsulfate (SDS) anions. The electrooxidation of alfa lipoic acid (ALA) is studied depending on the thickness of the polymer coatings and the counterions used for their synthesis. The kinetics of ALA oxidation is found to differ for thin and thick PEDOT coatings with diffusion limitations observed for thin layers. For thick coatings, the rate-determining step varies from adsorption to diffusion depending on the ALA concentration. The type of counterion affects both the ALA oxidation peak currents and the peak potential. SDS-doped PEDOT coatings show a shift in the oxidation peak to positive potentials and higher ALA oxidation currents. The effect is commented in terms of a larger electroactive surface area and possible specific hydrophobic polymer/analyte interactions. For thin PEDOT coatings, the concentration dependence of the voltammetric peaks is linear in a wide concentration range (40 to 1000 µM), whereas the use of differential pulse voltammetry results in a linear response in a lower concentration range (8–200 µM) suitable for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]