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Abstract Background East and South East Asian subjects as well as Amerindians and Hispanic subjects are predominantly affected by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. In Europe, only few studies have described the clinical features and treatment of this disease, especially in France. Methods This retrospective case series was based on data collected from patients with a VKH disease diagnosed from January 2000 to March 2017, provided by three French Tertiary Centers. Results Forty-one patients (16 men and 25 women) were diagnosed: average age at diagnosis was 38.7 years. Patients were mainly from Maghreb (58%), but ethnic origins were multiple. Pleiocytosis was observed in 19 cases (63%) and 17 out of 41 patients showed audio vestibular signs (41%), and 11 showed skin signs (27%). Thirty-four were treated with corticosteroids (83%), 11 with an immunosuppressant treatment (27%) and 5 with biological therapy drugs (13%). Relapse was observed in 41% patients, even though final average visual acuity had improved. We did not find any significant clinical difference in the population from Maghreb compared to other populations, but for age and sex trends, since there was a majority of younger women. Conclusion We report here the second largest French cohort reported to date to our knowledge. The multiethnicity in our study suggests that VKH disease should be evoked whatever patients’ ethnicity.

Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene are responsible for Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurological disorder. MECP2 is a transcriptional modulator that finely regulates the expression of many genes, specifically in the central nervous system. Several studies have functionally linked the loss of MECP2 in astrocytes to the appearance and progression of the RTT phenotype in a non-cell autonomous manner and mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we used primary astroglial cells from Mecp2-deficient (KO) pups to identify deregulated secreted proteins. Using a differential quantitative proteomic analysis, twenty-nine proteins have been identified and four were confirmed by Western blotting with new samples as significantly deregulated. To further verify the functional relevance of these proteins in RTT, we tested their effects on the dendritic morphology of primary cortical neurons from Mecp2 KO mice that are known to display shorter dendritic processes. Using Sholl analysis, we found that incubation with Lcn2 or Lgals3 for 48 h was able to significantly increase the dendritic arborization of Mecp2 KO neurons. To our knowledge, this study, through secretomic analysis, is the first to identify astroglial secreted proteins involved in the neuronal RTT phenotype in vitro, which could open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of Rett syndrome.

Silver nanowires (AgNW) are attractive materials that are anticipated to be incorporated into numerous consumer products such as textiles, touchscreen display, and medical devices that could be in direct contact with skin. There are very few studies on the cellular toxicity of AgNW and no studies that have specifically evaluated the potential toxicity from dermal exposure. To address this question, we investigated the dermal toxicity after acute exposure of polymer-coated AgNW with two sizes using two models, human primary keratinocytes and human reconstructed epidermis. In keratinocytes, AgNW are rapidly and massively internalized inside cells leading to dose-dependent cytotoxicity that was not due to Ag⁺ release. Analysing our data with different dose metrics, we propose that the number of NW is the most appropriate dose-metric for studies of AgNW toxicity. In reconstructed epidermis, the results of a standard in vitro skin irritation assay classified AgNW as non-irritant to skin and we found no evidence of penetration into the deeper layer of the epidermis. The findings show that healthy and intact epidermis provides an effective barrier for AgNW, although the study does not address potential transport through follicles or injured skin. The combined cell and tissue model approach used here is likely to provide an important methodology for assessing the risks for skin exposure to AgNW from consumer products.

The question of teaching a standard written algorithm for the four arithmetical operations in the first years of elementary school is increasingly raised as a consequence of the possibility of using calculators, tablets, and computers. This article first presents arguments both against and for maintaining this teaching in the first school years. Then, it presents an analysis of the procedure--whether it implies the standard algorithm or not--used by second grade students to solve a subtraction verbal problem. The 4720 students involved in the research were divided in a control group (n = 2101) and an experimental group (n = 2619) in which the standard written algorithm (SWA) was taught, or not taught, respectively. The effectiveness of algorithm use was analyzed not only in terms of accuracy of the answers, but also for its influence on the choice of the correct arithmetical operation and for its choice by the students as a function of their ability. The SWA was strongly associated with the use of the false arithmetical operation (effect size [phi] = 0.79)--addition instead of subtraction--but was chosen by students of all levels of ability. The latter result suggests that the SWA is well suited for the most advanced students but far less for the others who use it mechanically and without reflection.

Pacific students in New Zealand (NZ) quickly learn that they are not very smart. The statistics tell them this. They also come to believe that they do not try very hard. The talk of equal opportunities tells them this, especially when it is coupled with negative statistics. This is not surprising. Education in NZ has been embedded in notions of egalitarianism and merit throughout its history, and this has been accepted in a "common sense" way. Many New Zealanders still believe that an individual's ability to be successful is based on their merits, generally viewed as a combination of factors including innate abilities, working hard, having the right attitude, and having high moral character and integrity. New Zealanders not only tend to think that is the way the system should work, but most actually accept uncritically that this is how it does work. This paper discusses the historical understandings of merit and equality of educational opportunity in NZ and how these understandings have informed historical education policies for Maori and Pacific students in NZ.

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les examens biologiques d'allergie contribuent de façon importante au diagnostic et au suivi des maladies allergiques. L'augmentation de la prévalence de ces maladies dans la population française durant les dernières décennies et le recours de plus en plus fréquent au diagnostic biologique nécessite l'optimisation de l'utilisation de cet outil. Son utilisation rationnelle selon les données actualisées de la science et une démarche privilégiant le rapport coût/bénéfice sont à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 73 recommandations gradées et un préambule comportant 6 questions d'ordre général. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 79 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non pour la prise en charge des patients allergiques ou ayant une suspicion d'allergie, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Ce texte court résume ces 79 questions sans revenir sur le rationnel ni la discussion. Allergy laboratory tests make an important contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of allergic diseases. The increase in the prevalence of these diseases in the French population in recent decades and the increasingly frequent use of biological diagnostics requires the optimization of the use of this tool. Its rational use according to updated scientific data and an approach favoring the cost/benefit ratio can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. Aware of this issue, the French Society of Allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the High Authority for Health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labeled by that institution. The working group drafted 73 graded recommendations and a preamble with 6 general questions. Although not exhaustive, these 79 questions answer the most common concerns of prescribers whether they are allergists or not for the management of patients with allergies or with suspected allergies, while taking into account the French regulatory context. This short text sums up these 79 questions without going back to the rational or the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les examens biologiques d'allergie contribuent de façon importante au diagnostic et au suivi des allergies respiratoires. L'augmentation de la prévalence de ces maladies dans la population française durant les dernières décennies et le recours de plus en plus fréquent au diagnostic biologique nécessite l'optimisation de l'utilisation de cet outil. Son utilisation rationnelle selon les données actualisées de la science et une démarche privilégiant le rapport coût/bénéfice sont à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 11 recommandations gradées sur l'allergie respiratoire. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 11 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non pour la prise en charge des patients ayant une suspicion d'allergie respiratoire, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Allergy laboratory tests provide an important contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory allergies. The increase in the prevalence of these diseases in the French population during the last decades and the increasingly frequent use of biological diagnosis requires the optimization of the use of this tool. Its rational use according to updated scientific data and an approach favoring the cost/benefit ratio can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. Aware of this issue, the French Society of Allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the High Authority for Health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labeled by that institution. The working group drafted 11 graded recommendations for the management of respiratory allergy. Although not exhaustive, these 11 questions respond to the most common concerns of prescribers whether or not they are allergists for the management of patients with allergies or with a suspected respiratory allergy, while taking into account the French regulatory context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les examens biologiques d'allergie contribuent de façon importante au diagnostic et au suivi des maladies allergiques. L'augmentation de la prévalence de ces maladies dans la population française durant les dernières décennies et le recours de plus en plus fréquent au diagnostic biologique nécessite l'optimisation de l'utilisation de cet outil. Son utilisation rationnelle selon les données actualisées de la science et une démarche privilégiant le rapport coût/bénéfice sont à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 73 recommandations gradées et un préambule comportant 6 questions d'ordre général. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 79 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non pour la prise en charge des patients allergiques ou ayant une suspicion d'allergie, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Allergy laboratory tests make an important contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of allergic diseases. The increase in the prevalence of these diseases in the French population in recent decades and the increasingly frequent use of biological diagnostics requires the optimisation of the use of this tool. Its rational use according to updated scientific data and an approach favoring the cost/benefit ratio can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. Aware of this issue, the French society of allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the High authority for health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labelled by that institution. The working group drafted 73 graded recommendations and a preamble with 6 general questions. Although not exhaustive, these 79 questions answer the most common concerns of prescribers whether they are allergists or not for the management of patients with allergies or with suspected allergies, while taking into account the French regulatory context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les examens biologiques d'allergie contribuent de façon importante au diagnostic et au suivi des allergies alimentaires. L'augmentation de la prévalence des allergies alimentaires dans la population française durant les dernières décennies et le recours de plus en plus fréquent au diagnostic biologique nécessite l'optimisation de l'utilisation de cet outil. Son utilisation rationnelle selon les données actualisées de la science et une démarche privilégiant le rapport coût/bénéfice sont à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Le mésusage de la biologie de l'allergie et/ou son interprétation erronée risque d'aboutir à des attitudes thérapeutiques inadaptées voire dangereuses. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 28 recommandations gradées sur l'allergie alimentaire. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 28 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non pour la prise en charge des allergies alimentaires avérées ou suspectées, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Allergy laboratory tests provide an important contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of food allergies. The increase in the prevalence of food allergies in the French population during the last decades and the increasingly frequent use of biological diagnosis requires the optimization of the use of this tool. Its rational use according to updated scientific data and an approach favoring the cost/benefit ratio can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. The misuse of allergy biology and/or its misinterpretation may lead to inappropriate or even dangerous therapeutic attitudes. Aware of this issue, the French Society of Allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the High Authority for Health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labeled by that institution. The working group drafted 28 graded recommendations for the management of food allergy. Although not exhaustive, these 28 questions respond to the most common concerns of prescribers whether or not they are allergists for the care of known or suspected food allergies, while taking into account the French regulatory context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les examens biologiques d'allergie contribuent de façon significative au diagnostic et au suivi des allergies aux piqûres et morsures d'arthropodes. Les dosages d'IgE spécifiques apportent la preuve d'un mécanisme allergique IgE-dépendant. L'utilisation rationnelle des outils biologiques disponibles selon les données actualisées de la science est à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Le mésusage de la biologie de l'allergie et/ou leur interprétation erronée risque d'aboutir à des attitudes thérapeutiques inadaptées. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 8 recommandations gradées sur l'allergie aux piqûres et morsures d'arthropodes et 5 recommandations gradées sur d'autres pathologies immuno-allergiques ou frontière. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 13 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Allergy laboratory tests provide a significant contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of allergies to arthropods sting or bite. Specific IgE assays provide evidence of an IgE-dependent allergic mechanism. The rational use of the biological tools available according to updated scientific data can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. The misuse of the biology of allergy and/or their misinterpretation may lead to inappropriate therapeutic attitudes. Aware of this issue, the French Society of Allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the French High Authority for Health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labeled by that institution. The working group drafted 8 graded recommendations for the management of allergy to arthropods sting or bite, and 5 graded recommendations on other immuno-allergic or frontier diseases. Although not exhaustive, these 13 questions respond to the most common concerns of prescribers whether or not they are allergists, while taking into account the French regulatory context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrairement aux allergies respiratoires, alimentaires et aux venins d'hyménoptères qui concernent des allergènes protéiques, la prise en charge des allergies aux médicaments nécessite rarement le recours aux examens biologiques pour obtenir la preuve d'un mécanisme allergique IgE-dépendant. Un nombre très restreint de dosages d'IgE spécifiques de médicaments est disponible car la grande majorité des médicaments sont des haptènes. L'utilisation rationnelle des outils biologiques disponibles selon les données actualisées de la science est à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Le mésusage de la biologie de l'allergie et/ou leur interprétation erronée risque d'aboutir à des attitudes thérapeutiques inadaptées voire dangereuses. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 11 recommandations gradées sur l'allergie aux médicaments. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 11 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non pour la prise en charge des patients ayant une suspicion d'allergie aux médicaments, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Unlike respiratory allergies, food allergies and hymenopteran venoms which involve protein allergens, the management of drug allergies rarely requires the use of laboratory tests to obtain evidence of an IgE-dependent allergic mechanism. A very small number of drug specific IgE assays are available because drugs are mostly haptens. The rational use of the biological tools available according to updated scientific data can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. The misuse of the biology of allergy and/or their misinterpretation may lead to inappropriate or even dangerous therapeutic attitudes. Aware of this issue, the French Society of Allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the High Authority for Health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labeled by that institution. The working group drafted 11 graded recommendations for the management of drug allergy. Although not exhaustive, these 11 questions respond to the most common concerns of prescribers whether or not they are allergists for the management of patients with suspected drug allergy, while taking into account the French regulatory context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize tortilla is the best-recognized food product of Mexican gastronomy. Artisanal maize tortillas (AMT) are prepared with native maize varieties and a traditional process. The aims of this study were to identify sensory attributes, texture, and color in AMT that allow them to be differentiated from commercial tortillas, and to determine the chemical and mineral composition of both types of tortillas. Six landraces related to four Mexican maize races were used. Two commercial tortillas were included as references (tortillería and supermarket). Tortillas were subjected to sensory analysis by the modified Flash technique, texture and color were measured objectively and chemical and mineral analysis of all tortillas were evaluated. Lime taste and lime smell attributes were relevant to differentiate AMT from commercial tortillas; aftertaste and fracturability attributes were highly associated to supermarket tortillas. The fracturability attribute of tortillas is consider undesirable for taco preparation. Five of the six AMT were characterized by the presence of a layer, a characteristic that is associated with traditional tortilla made by Mexican consumer. Regarding chemical composition, supermarket tortillas exhibited the highest dietary fiber content (17.09%), but showed 30% more Na than AMT, with the exception of tortillas from Purepecha native variety. Besides, supermarket tortilla had 48.9% less Ca than AMT. The sensory attributes relevant to differentiate native maize tortillas from the commercial maize tortilla references were appearance, smell, and taste, while textural and color attributes played a lesser role.

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)