23 results on '"Pérez‐Vendrell, A.‐M."'
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2. Use of visible-near infrared spectroscopy to predict nutrient composition of poultry excreta
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Cruz-Conesa, Andrés, primary, Ferré, Joan, additional, Pérez-Vendrell, Anna M., additional, Callao, M. Pilar, additional, and Ruisánchez, Itziar, additional
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- 2022
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3. QTL analysis of a cross between European and North American malting barleys reveals a putative candidate gene for β-glucan content on chromosome 1H
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Molina-Cano, J. -L., Moralejo, M., Elía, M., Muñoz, P., Russell, J. R., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., Ciudad, F., and Swanston, J. S.
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- 2007
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4. Mildew-resistant mutants induced in North American two- and six-rowed malting barley cultivars
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Molina-Cano, J. L., Simiand, J. P., Sopena, A., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., Dorsch, S., Rubiales, D., Swanston, J. S., and Jahoor, A.
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- 2003
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5. A mutant induced in the malting barley cv Triumph with reduced dormancy and ABA response
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Molina-Cano, J. L., Sopena, A., Swanston, J. S., Casas, A. M., Moralejo, M. A., Ubieto, A., Lara, I., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., and Romagosa, I.
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- 1999
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6. Potential role of glycosidase inhibitors in industrial biotechnological applications
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Sørensen, Jens Frisbæk, Kragh, Karsten M, Sibbesen, Ole, Delcour, Jan, Goesaert, Hans, Svensson, Birte, Tahir, Tariq A, Brufau, Joachim, Perez-Vendrell, Anna M, Bellincampi, Daniella, D'Ovidio, Renato, Camardella, Laura, Giovane, Alfonso, Bonnin, Estelle, and Juge, Nathalie
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- 2004
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7. Effect of Salmosan, a β-galactomannan-rich product on intestinal barrier function
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Brufau Bonet, M. Teresa (Maria Teresa), Campo Sabariz, Joan, Bou Novensà, Ricard, Guardiola Ibarz, Francesc, Marqués Villavecchia, Ana M., Carné, S., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., Brufau, Joaquim, Ferrer i Roig, Ruth, and Martín Venegas, Raquel
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Intestines ,Intestins ,Bacteris gramnegatius ,Congressos ,Gram-negative bacteria ,Congresses - Abstract
Podeu consultar el III Workshop anual INSA-UB complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/118993, Sessió 2. Comunicació oral núm. 1
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- 2017
8. Dietary β-galactomannans have beneficial effects on the intestinal morphology of chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis1
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Brufau, M. T., primary, Martín-Venegas, R., additional, Guerrero-Zamora, A. M., additional, Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., additional, Vilà, B., additional, Brufau, J., additional, and Ferrer, R., additional
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- 2015
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9. A model of the genetic differences in malting quality between European and North American barley cultivars based on a QTL study of the cross Triumph × Morex
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Elía, M., primary, Swanston, J. S., additional, Moralejo, M., additional, Casas, A., additional, Pérez‐Vendrell, A.‐M., additional, Ciudad, F. J., additional, Thomas, W. T. B., additional, Smith, P. L., additional, Ullrich, S. E., additional, and Molina‐Cano, J.‐L., additional
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- 2010
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10. The use of enzymes to improve cereal diets for animal feeding
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Brufau, Joaquim, primary, Francesch, Maria, additional, and Pérez‐Vendrell, Anna M, additional
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- 2006
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11. Mechanisms of Malt Extract Development in Barleys from Different European Regions: II. Effect of Barley Hordein Fractions on Malt Extract Yield
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Molina-Cano, J.-L., primary, Polo, J.-P., additional, Sopena, A., additional, Voltas, J., additional, Pérez-Vendrell, A.-M., additional, and Romagosa, I., additional
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- 2000
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12. Effect of β-Carotene and Vitamin E on Oxidative Stability in Leg Meat of Broilers Fed Different Supplemental Fats
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Ruiz, Juan A., primary, Pérez-Vendrell, Anna M., additional, and Esteve-García, Enric, additional
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- 1999
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13. An Improved Voltammetric Procedure for the Determination of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in Atmospheric Aerosols
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Casassas, E., primary, Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., additional, and Puignou, L., additional
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- 1991
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14. Assessment of Potential Interactions Between Phytase and Glycosidase Enzyme Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility in Broilers.
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Juanpere, J., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., Angulo, E., and Brufau, J.
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POULTRY feeding , *BROILER chickens , *NUTRIENT interactions , *PHYTASES , *GLYCOSIDASES - Abstract
The effects of microbial 3-phytase and glycosidase enzymes, and their interactions, on energy values and nutrient digestibility in diets rich in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) were studied in diets based on corn, wheat, or barley. Four diets were prepared with each cereal grain. One had no enzymes, a second had 500 units of phytase, a third had glycosidase enzyme, and a fourth had phytase and glycosidase. The glycosidases used were α-galactosidase (corn diet), xylanase (wheat), and β-glucanase (barley). Glycosidase decreased intestinal viscosity, whereas phytase increased this parameter in corn diets. Phytase increased AME in corn diets, whereas β-glucanase in barley diets improved AME and AMEn, and digestibility of dry matter, starch, β-glucans, and lipid. Xylanase in wheat diets improved dry matter and starch digestibility. Phytase increased total phosphorus retention in all diets, and significant interactions between glycosidase enzymes and phytase were detected in wheat and barley diets. Phytase decreased phosphorus excretion in corn and barley diets, whereas α-galactosidase increased phosphorus excretion in corn diets. Phytase in corn diets and β-glucanase in barley diets increased calcium retention, whereas inclusion of xylanase decreased calcium retention in wheat diets. Phytase and β-glucanase decreased calcium excretion in corn- and barley-based diets, respectively. An interaction was detected between phytase and β-glucanase in barley diets, in which calcium excretion was reduced. In general, no negative interactions between phytase and glycosidase enzymes were found, indicating that both types of enzymes may be used together in feeds based on corn, wheat, or barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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15. Dietary β-galactomannans have beneficial effects on the intestinal morphology of chickens challenged with Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis1
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Brufau, M. T., Martín-Venegas, R., Guerrero-Zamora, A. M., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M., Vilà, B., Brufau, J., and Ferrer, R.
- Abstract
Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis is one of the leading causes of food-borne salmonellosis in humans. Poultry is the single largest reservoir, and the consumption of incorrectly processed chicken meat and egg products is the major source of infection. Since 2006, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been banned in the European Union, and the dietary inclusion of β-galactomannans (βGM) has become a promising strategy to control and prevent intestinal infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various βGM-rich products on intestinal morphology in chickens challenged with SalmonellaEnteritidis. To assess this effect, a total of 280 male Ross 308 chickens were studied (40 animals per treatment housed in 5 cages). There were 7 treatments, including controls: uninoculated birds fed the basal diet (negative control) and inoculated birds fed the basal diet (positive control) or the basal diet supplemented with Salmosan (1 g/kg), Duraió gum (1 g/kg), Cassia gum (1 g/kg), the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(0.5 g/kg), or the antibiotic colistine (0.8 g/kg). The birds were fed these diets from the d 1 to 23, except the animals in the colistine group, which were fed the diet containing the antibiotic only from d 5 to 11. The inoculated animals were orally infected on d 7 with 108cfu of SalmonellaEnteritidis. Bird performance per replicate was determined for the whole study period (23 d), and the distal ileum and cecal tonsil of 5 animals per treatment (1 animal per replicate) were observed at different magnification levels (scanning electron, light, and laser confocal microscopy). In the images corresponding to the treatments containing βGM we observed more mucus, an effect that can be associated with the observation of more goblet cells. Moreover, the images also show fewer M cells, which are characteristic of infected animals. Regarding the morphometric parameters, the animals that received Duraió and Cassia gums show greater (P= 0.001 and P= 0.016, respectively) villus length compared with the animals in the positive control, thus indicating the capacity of these products to increase epithelial surface area. However, no effect (P> 0.05) on microvillus dimensions was detected. In conclusion, the results obtained indicating the beneficial effects of these βGM on intestinal morphology give more evidence of the positive effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition.
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- 2015
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16. The Differences in Intestinal Viscosity Produced by Barley and β-Glucanase Alter Digesta Enzyme Activities and Ileal Nutrient Digestibilities More in Broiler Chicks than in Cocks
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Almirall, Merce, Francesch, Maria, Perez-Vendrell, Anna M., Brufau, Joaquim, and Esteve-Garcia, Enric
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- 1995
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17. Efectes de l'ús de fonts exògenes de fitasa sobre els rendiments productius i valor nutricional de les dietes riques en polisacàrids no midó (NSP) en pollastres broilers, repercussions mediambientals
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Juanpere Dominguez, Jordi, Pérez Vendrell, Anna M., Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
- Subjects
636 - Explotació i cria d'animals. Cria del bestiar i d'animals domèstics ,digestibilitat ,663/664 ,63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootècnia. Caça. Pesca ,fósfor ,663/664 - Aliments i nutrició. Enologia. Olis. Greixos ,pollastres ,Fitasa - Abstract
El principal objectiu d'aquest treball és estudiar els efectes que l'addició de fitasa microbiana en diferents tipus de dietes per a aus produeix tant en el seu valor nutritiu, com en els rendiments productius de les aus, i en el seu impacte mediambiental.En l'assaig 1, es van avaluar i comparar els efectes de l'addició de fitasa microbiana sobre les millores del creixement, energia de la dieta i retenció mineral en dietes de moresc i blat. Un objectiu addicional va ser definir el nivell òptim de l'enzim per usar en dietes de blat. Es van assajar dietes amb dos cereals diferents (moresc o blat), amb dos nivells de fòsfor (4.5 i 2.7 g FNF/kg de pinso) i amb diferents nivells d'enzim fitasa aplicat en la dieta deficient de fòsfor. En dietes deficients de fòsfor de moresc la inclusió de fitasa incrementà el pes final, consum mig diari i la concentració de cendres dels dits, i també augmentà la retenció de fòsfor total i retenció de calci. En dietes de blat, l'addició de fitasa microbiana a dietes deficients de fòsfor va augmentar la concentració de cendres dels dits, i el coeficient de retenció aparent de fòsfor total des de 0.53 en dietes normal de fòsfor fins a 0.69-0.73 en dietes deficients; en canvi, la retenció de calci no va variar. L'addició de fitasa no va fer variar l'excreció mineral en cap de les dietes estudiades. Basat en els valors més grans de R2, els valors de pes final i de cendres dels dits van ser els indicadors més sensibles per avaluar la disponibilitat de P. Es van utilitzar equacions lineals per calcular els valors d'equivalència de P per FNF. Utilitzant la funció mitjana de P alliberat per fitasa microbiana a un nivell de FNF de 2.7 g/kg, va trobar-se que 605 U de fitasa podrien ser equivalents a 1 g de P. En l'assaig 2, es van avaluar els efectes d'una fitasa microbiana en la millora del creixement, energia de la dieta i la retenció de minerals en dietes d'ordi sense o amb fitasa endògena. Els tractaments es diferenciaven per tenir dues concentracions diferents de FNF (4.5 i 2.7 g/kg de dieta), per l'ús d'ordi tractat o no, i per l'addició o no de 500 U/kg de pinso de fitasa microbiana en les dietes deficients de P. La reducció de FNF en dietes de pollastres d'engreix va produir una disminució de la ingestió diària de pinso i del consum d'aigua i una reducció del creixement animal que va ser millorat per la inclusió de l'enzim fitasa en aquests pinsos. Els animals que menjaren pinsos contenint 4.5g FNF/kg o dietes de només 2.7g FNF/kg més 500 U enzim fitasa/kg van tenir un creixement similar. La concentració de cendres del dit del peu, bon indicador de la retenció de fòsfor, va variar depenent el contingut de fòsfor de la dieta i la presència o no de l'enzim fitasa microbiana. La concentració de fòsfor i calci en el plasma també fou influï da per la concentració de fòsfor de la dieta i la presència o no de fitasa endògena. La inclusió de fitasa a dietes amb una concentració baixa de FNF incrementà els coeficients de retenció de fòsfor i reduí la presència d'aquest element en l'excreta del pollastre en més d'un 45%, indicant un efecte mediambiental favorable. En general, no s'observaren efectes per la presència o no de fitasa endògena de l'ordi. En l'assaig 3, es van avaluar els efectes en la biodisponibilitat de fòsfor i altres minerals per l'addició de fitasa exògena a dietes de moresc i soja amb segó de blat, depenent de la presència o no d'activitat fitàsica endògena del segó de blat. Els tractaments van variar en funció del segó de Blas utilitzat (tractat o no per l'autoclau), el nivell de inclusió del segó en la dieta (0, 5 o 10%) i la quantitat de fitasa exògena (500 U per kg de pinso). L'addició de fitasa microbiana va permetre millorar els paràmetres productius, sense que hi hagués variacions en la viscositat del contingut intestinal. Els valors energètics de les dietes augmentaren per l'addició de fitasa, no havent variacions importants en la digestibilitat de nutrients. La fitasa microbiana va fer augmentar la concentració en plasma de fòsfor no fític i la mineralització dels ossos, tal com ho demostra l'augment en la quantitat de fòsfor total en les cendres dels dits, encara que no es modifiquessin ni la retenció aparent ni l'excreció d'aquest mineral. L'eliminació de la fitasa endògena del segó de blat present en dietes de moresc-soja deficients de fòsfor va suposar un menor consum de pinso i creixement dels animals i, també, una disminució en el fòsfor no fític en plasma. Les digestibilitats de nutrients i retencions minerals no variaren per l'eliminació de la fitasa endògena. L'assaig 4 tenia com a principals objectius l'avaluació del creixement dels animals i de la biodisponibilitat de fòsfor i altres minerals depenent de la presència o no d'activitat fitàsica endògena en blat. També es va estudiar els efectes de diferents nivells de fitasa exògena, alguns més alts dels habituals. Els tractaments variaven en el blat emprat (tractat o no per l'autoclau), el nivell de FNF (4.5 i 2.7 g per kg de pinso) i el nivell de fitasa exògena (0, 500 i 5000 U per kg de pinso). L'addició de fitasa exògena en dietes de blat deficitàries en fòsfor, i una elevada activitat fitàsica endògena, produeix unes millores en el creixement dels animals sense tenir una incidència sobre la retenció de minerals. Per altra banda, la eliminació de fitasa endògena produeix unes lleugeres reduccions en el creixement sense influir en la retenció ni excreció de minerals. La presència de la fitasa endògena del blat va produir un creixement major dels pollastres i un major consum de pinso i minerals, sense repercutir en l'energia de la dieta ni en la retenció aparent ni en l'excreció de fòsfor. L'addició d'una dosi superior a la d'ús habitual de fitasa no va influenciar el creixement dels pollastres. En canvi, sí que va tenir efectes en l'energia de les dietes i en una major concentració en plasma de fòsfor no fític. En l'assaig 5, es van estudiar els efectes de la fitasa microbiana i d'enzims carbohidrasa, i les seves interaccions, en els valors energètics i la digestibilitat de nutrients en dietes riques en polisacàrids no amilacis (PNA) amb tres assaigs factorials 22 utilitzant broilers que menjaren dietes de moresc, blat o ordi. Les dietes contenien o no fitasa, amb o sense enzims carbohidrasa ( galactosidasa, xilanasa o -glucanasa per les dietes de moresc, blat i ordi, respectivament). Les carbohidrases disminuïren la viscositat intestinal, mentre que la fitasa incrementava aquest paràmetre en les dietes de moresc. La fitasa augmentà l'EMA en les dietes de moresc, mentre que la -glucanasa en dietes d'ordi millorava l'EMA i l'EMAn i la digestibilitat de matèria seca, midó, -glucans i lípids. La xilanasa en dietes de blat millorà la digestibilitat de matèria seca i midó. La fitasa augmentà la retenció de fòsfor total en totes les dietes, i es van detectar interaccions significatives entre els enzims carbohidrasa i la fitasa en dietes de blat i ordi. La fitasa disminuí l'excreció de fòsfor en dietes de moresc i ordi, mentre que l'-galactosidasa incrementava l'excreció de fòsfor en dietes de moresc. La retenció de calci va augmentar per l'addició de fitasa a les dietes de moresc i per la - glucanasa en les d'ordi i, com a conseqüència, l'excreció de calci va disminuir per l'acció de la fitasa en les dietes de moresc i per la -glucanasa en les d'ordi; la inclusió de xilanasa va disminuir la retenció de calci en les dietes de blat. Es va trobar una interacció entre la fitasa i la -glucanasa en dietes d'ordi, reduint-se l'excreció de calci. En general, no es trobaren interaccions negatives entre la fitasa i els enzims carbohidrasa, indicant que ambdós tipus d'enzims poden ser usats junts en pinsos de moresc, blat o ordi. La sisena part d'aquesta memòria té com a objectiu confirmar la determinació de fosfats d'inositol mitjançant la tècnica de la ressonància magnètica nuclear (RMN) de fòsfor (P31). Les mostres analitzades corresponien als pinsos i als continguts intestinals dels cinc assaigs anteriors, mentre que en el segon assaig també s'analitzaren els continguts del pap, pedrer i cloaca, ja que un dels objectius va ser analitzar l'evolució dels fosfats d'inositol en quatre trams diferents del tub digestiu.Els resultats obtinguts mostraren que el RMN de P31 és una bona tècnica per a la determinació de fosfats d'inositol amb un nombre elevat de grups fosfats. Els fosfats d'inositol amb un nombre menor de grups fosfats no es pogueren determinar per la poca presència en les mostres. Pel que fa a la hidròlisi del fosfat d'inositol dins el tracte digestiu, s'ha pogut observar com va disminuint la concentració de l'hexafosfat d'inositol a compostos menors, encara que no s'observen fosfats d'inositol amb menys de quatre grups fosfats, i com, en general, hi ha un aprofitament molt elevat del fòsfor no fític obtingut a partir de la hidròlisi. En general, la presència de fitasa microbiana en dietes deficients de fòsfor ha mostrat un increment en la retenció de fòsfor i calci i, en conseqüència una disminució de la seva excreció, així com un augment en el creixement de l'animal, especialment en dietes que contenien moresc i en les d'ordi. L'increment de la retenció de fòsfor per la fitasa microbiana, deguda al trencament de l'àcid fític, queda corroborada en els espectres de RMN. En aquest estudi, i mitjançant el RMN, hem pogut observar com la retenció de fòsfor no fític roman constant, essent la major retenció del fòsfor fític la que fa augmentar la del fòsfor total. L'eliminació de la fitasa endògena no ha repercutit en el creixement dels animals o en la digestibilitat i retenció de nutrients pels pollastres d'engreix que menjaren dietes deficients de fòsfor. Sembla que en el tub digestiu de l'animal és més eficaç la fitasa microbiana que no pas la fitasa vegetal, segons la poca activitat observada d'aquesta darrera. En dietes riques en polisacàrids no amilacis i deficients de fòsfor no s'han observat interaccions negatives entre l'acció de la fitasa i els enzims carbohidrasa. S'han observat interaccions positives relacionades amb la retenció i excreció de minerals en alguns casos, només observant-se una interacció negativa per l'índex de transformació de les dietes de moresc. Per tant, aquests dos tipus d'enzims poden combinar-se sense efectes en productivitat o la salut de l'animal., The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects on nutritive value and birdperformance of microbial phytase supplementation in different types of poultry diets, and its impact in the environment.The aim of trial 1 was to evaluate and compare the effects of addition of microbial phytase on the improvement of performance, energy of diet and mineral retention in wheat- and corn-based diets. An additional objective was to define the optimum level of enzyme to be used in wheat-based diets.Treatments were based on two different cereals (corn or wheat), two concentrations of NPP (4.5 and 2.7 g NPP/kg of diet), and different levels of phytase on phosphorus deficient diets. In phosphorus deficient corn-based diets, inclusion of phytase increased final body weight, average daily feed consumption, and toe ash concentration, and also increased total phosphorus and calcium retention. In wheat diets, phytase supplementation to P-deficient diets increased toe ash concentration, and coefficient of apparent total phosphorus retention increased from 0.53 in P normal diets to 0.69-0.73 in P deficient diets, but not calcium retention. Phytase supplementation did not vary mineral excretion in any studied diet. Based on the higher R2 values, final body weight and toe ash value were the most sensitive indicators to assess P availability. Linear equations were used to calculate P equivalency values of phytase for non-phytate P. Using the average function of released P by microbial phytase derived at NPP level of 2.7 g/kg, 605 U of phytase could be equivalent to 1 g ofP. In trial 2, broilers were used to evaluate the effects of a microbial phytase on the improvement of performance, dietary energy and mineral retention, in barley diets with or without endogenous phytase. Treatments were based on two different concentrations of non-phytate P (4.5 g/kg and 2.7g/kg), use of untreated or autoclaved barley, and addition or not of 500 U/kg feed of microbial phytase to the P-deficient diets. The reduction of NPP in broiler diets produced a decrease of daily feed intake and water consumption and a reduction of animal growth that was overcome by the inclusion of phytase enzyme in these feeds. Similar broiler performance was obtained feeding the animals with diets containing 4.5 g NPP/kg or with diets containing only 2.7 g NPP/kg plus 500 U phytase enzyme/kg. The concentration of toe ash, a good indicator of phosphorus deposition, varied according to the dietary content of phosphorus and the presence or not of microbial phytase enzyme. Plasma concentrations of phosphorus and calcium were also influenced by dietary P concentrations and the presence or not of exogenous phytase. The inclusion of phytase enzyme to diets with a low concentration of NPP increased the coefficient of phosphorus retention and reduced the presence of this element in broiler excreta by up to 45%, thus indicating a favourable environmental effect. In general, no effects were observed due to the presence or not of endogenous barley phytase. In trial 3, we studied the effects on phosphorus and other minerals bioavailability by addition of exogenous phytase in diets based on corn-soy bean plus wheat bran, according to the presence or not of endogenous phytase activity in wheat bran. Treatments varied in accordance with the wheat bran used (non treated or autoclaved), the concentration of wheat bran included in diet (0, 5 or 10%), and the amount of exogenous phytase (500 U per kilo of feed). Microbial phytase supplementation improved the productive parameters, although intestinal viscosity was no changed.Energetic values of diets increased with the addition of phytase, but no important variations in nutrient digestibility were found. Microbial phytase increased plasmatic concentration of phosphorus and bone mineralization, which is reflected in an augment in the concentration of total phosphorus in toe ash, even though apparent retention and excretion of this mineral were no modified. Elimination of endogenous phytase from the wheat bran present in phosphorus deficient corn-based diets implied a lesser food intake and bird performance, and, also, a decrease in the NPP in plasma. Nutrient digestibilities and mineral retentions were no changed by elimination of endogenous phytase. The aim of trial 4 was to evaluate the animal performance and bioavailability of phosphorus and other minerals according the presence or not of endogenous phytase activity from wheat. The effects of some levels of exogenous phytase higher than usual were also studied. Treatments differed in wheat used (non treated or autoclaved), concentration of non-phytate phosphorus (4.5 and 2.7 g of NPP/kg of feed) and the concentration of exogenous phytase (0, 500 and 5000 U/kg of feed). Exogenous phytase supplementation in phosphorus deficient wheat-based diets and high endogenous phytase activity produced improvements in broiler performance with no effect on mineral retention and excretion. On the other hand, elimination of endogenous phytase produced some slight reductions in growth without influence in mineral retention. Presence of wheat phytase produced a better broiler performance and a higher feed and mineral intake, with effect neither in diet energy nor in phosphorus apparent retention and excretion. Addition of a higher dose of phytase did not influence broiler performance, but the effects were present in diet energy and in a bigger plasmatic concentration of NPP.The effects of microbial phytase and glycosidase enzymes, and their interactions, on energy values and nutrient digestibility in diets rich in non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) were studied in trial 5, designed as a three 22 factorial assays. Phytase was added or not to diets, with or without glycosidase enzymes (á-galactosidase, xylanase, or -glucanase for corn-, wheat- and barley-based diets, respectively). Glycosidases decreased intestinal viscosity, whereas phytase increased this parameter in corn diets. Phytase increased AME in corn diets, whereas -glucanase in barley diets improved AME and AMEn, and digestibility of dry matter, starch, -glucans, and lipid. Xylanase in wheat diets improved dry matter and starch digestibilities. Phytase increased total phosphorus retention in all diets, and significant interactions between glycosidase enzymes and phytase were detected in wheat and barley diets. Phytase decreased phosphorus excretion in corn and barley diets,whereas á-galactosidase increased phosphorus excretion in corn diets. Calcium retention increased by phytase in corn diets and by -glucanase in barley diets, and, consequently, calcium excretion decreased by phytase in corn-based diets and by -glucanase in barley-based diets; xylanase inclusion decreased calcium retention in wheat diets. An interaction was detected between phytase and -glucanase in barley diets, in which calcium excretion was reduced. In general, no negative interactions between phytase and glycosidase enzymes were found, indicating that both types of enzymes may be used together in feeds based on corn, wheat or barley. The aim of the part six of the work was to confirm the determination of inositol phosphates by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of phosphorus (P31). The analysed samples correspond to the feed and intestinal contents of the five previous trials, while in trial 2 contents of crop, gizzard, and cloaca were also studied, since one of the aim was to assess the evolution of inositol phosphates in four sections of the digestive system. The obtained results showed that NMR of P31 was a good method to determine inositol phosphates with a high number of phosphates groups. The inositol phosphates with a lesser phosphate groups were not determined due to their very low concentration in samples. With the study of the hydrolysis of inositol phosphate through digestive system, a decrease in the concentration of inositol hexaphosphate to lower components could be observed, although the compounds with less than four phosphates groups were no observed. In general, there is a bigger profit of non-phytate phosphorus as a result of the hydrolysis. In general, microbial phytase added to phosphorus deficient diets showed an increment in retention of phosphorus and calcium, and, in consequence, a decrease in their excretion. An increment of animal performance has also observed, especially in diets with corn or barley. The increment in phosphorus retention by microbial phytase, due to the release of phytic acid, is corroborated in the spectra of NMR. In this work, and by NMR, we could observe as non phytate phosphorus keep on constant, being a higher phytate phosphorus retention that permits the increase of total phosphorus retention. Elimination of endogenous phytase has not influenced animal performance or digestibility and retention of nutrients for broilers chickens that consumed phosphorus deficient diets. Microbial phytase seemed to be more efficient than vegetal phytase in digestive tract, according to the low activity observed in vegetal phytase. No negative interactions between phytase and carbohidrase enzymes in phosphorus deficient and non-starch polysaccharides rich-diets have been observed. Positive interactions related to mineral retention and excretion were found in some cases, and only a negative interaction for feed to gain ratio in corn diets was observed. So, this two class of enzymes could be combined with no effects on performance or health of birds.
- Published
- 2004
18. Effects of a mono-component endo-xylanase supplementation on the nutritive value of wheat-based broiler diets.
- Author
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Francesch M, Pérez-Vendrell AM, and Broz J
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Chickens growth & development, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eurotiales chemistry, Male, Triticum chemistry, Cellulase administration & dosage, Chickens physiology, Digestion, Energy Metabolism, Nutritive Value
- Abstract
1. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of a mono-component thermostable endo-1,4-β-xylanase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus on the nutritive value of wheat-based broiler diets. In a 5-week growth trial, the efficacy of xylanase supplementation at 0, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 4000 FXU/kg diet was evaluated. A short-term balance trial was carried out according to a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, involving 4 wheat cultivars and endo-xylanase at 0 or 200 FXU/kg. 2. In the growth trial, enzyme supplementation from 0 to 400 FXU/kg reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion linearly. Digesta viscosity was significantly reduced by all enzyme inclusion levels by 49·6-56·9%, in a quadratic manner. 3. In the balance trial, xylanase supplementation resulted in a significant improvement of protein, lipid and dry matter apparent digestibility coefficients of diets, accompanied by improved dietary AME(N) values. There was a significant wheat × enzyme interaction on AME(N) and lipid digestibility. There was a significant effect of wheat cultivar on dry matter digestibility.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Occurrence and bioaccumulation study of PCDD and PCDF from mineral feed additives.
- Author
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Parera J, Abalos M, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Brufau J, de Juan F, Escribano F, Abad E, and Rivera J
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Animals, Benzofurans isolation & purification, Biological Availability, Chickens metabolism, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated, Feasibility Studies, Food Additives administration & dosage, Liver cytology, Liver metabolism, Magnesium Silicates analysis, Magnesium Silicates chemistry, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins analysis, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins isolation & purification, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins pharmacokinetics, Animal Feed, Benzofurans analysis, Benzofurans pharmacokinetics, Food Additives chemistry, Food Contamination analysis, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was evaluated in sepiolite matrices. Soxhlet extraction using different extracting strategies and acid treatment were tested. Acid treatment or Soxhlet extraction using a mixture of toluene:ethanol as solvent allowed to reach the minimum requirements for recovery rates. However, Soxhlet extraction using a mixture cyclohexane:toluene as extracting solvent did not allow to comply with these minimum requirements. Significant differences were obtained in TEQ units when acid treatment was applied in comparison to Soxhlet extraction. This fact can be explained because the use of drastic acid conditions allows removing strongly adsorbed analytes which can be uniquely extracted after a total destruction of the crystalline. On the contrary, Soxhlet extraction was not able to destroy the structure of sepiolite and as a consequence the PCDDs/Fs remain adsorbed in the internal structure of the mineral. A bioaccumulation study was also conducted to evaluate the transference of PCDDs/Fs from the sepiolite into the animal when fed with feed containing sepiolite. Four groups of chickens were exposed through diet to a control feed, feed with 3% w/w sepiolite, spiked feed contaminated with PCDDs/Fs and feed containing contaminated kaolinitic clay. Livers of animals were analyzed throughout the exposure period. Results of this trial showed that the performance of broilers was not affected by the presence of dioxins at levels tested, and chickens did not show any abnormal behaviour. Dioxins intentionally added to the diet were significantly absorbed and accumulated in liver, whereas the PCDDs/Fs from sepiolite were not available for chickens since livers from broilers fed 3% sepiolite presented similar WHO-TEQ values than those from broilers fed control diet.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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20. Influence of source and ratio of xanthophyll pigments on broiler chicken pigmentation and performance.
- Author
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Pérez-Vendrell AM, Hernández JM, Llauradó L, Schierle J, and Brufau J
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Color, Female, Isomerism, Male, Random Allocation, Xanthophylls, Zeaxanthins, beta Carotene analogs & derivatives, Canthaxanthin pharmacology, Chickens physiology, Lutein pharmacology, Pigmentation drug effects, beta Carotene pharmacology
- Abstract
One experiment was conducted using 960 1-d-old, sexed broilers of Ross 308 strain from 1 to 43 d to evaluate if one type of chemically isomerized marigold with 25% of xanthophylls as zeaxanthin (SME-25) could produce pigmentation equivalent to the current addition of conventional marigold with 10% of xanthophylls as zeaxanthin (SME-10) plus canthaxanthin (CTX) in practical broiler diets (maize-wheat-soybean). Birds were allocated in 32 pens, in a randomized complete block design (four blocks x four treatments). The treatments consisted of a nonpigmented control (T1), a combination of 35 ppm of yellow xanthophylls (YX) from SME-10 + 5 ppm of CTX (T2), a combination of 32 ppm of YX from SME-10 + 2 ppm of CTX (T4), and one treatment with 40 ppm of YX from a new SME-25 (T3). There were no significant treatment effects on chicken performance. All color parameters (Minolta coordinates, Roche color fan scores, Rank test) presented significant differences (P < 0.0001) because of dietary pigments on shanks and breast skin. Birds fed the SME-25 diet had less pigmentation than those fed equivalent quantities of a combination of SME-10 + CTX. The Minolta coordinate "b" measured in breast skin was a good indicator of YX content in feed, whereas the "a" coordinate measured on the shank showed a linear relationship with the dietary CTX level (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001). The same visual color classification of chickens was achieved irrespective of the rank test performed (by shank or carcass color). Lutein and zeaxanthin from the SME-25 product had lower deposition rates in skin and fat tissues than those from the SME-10 product. This finding seems to be related to the ratio of zeaxanthin stereoisomer RR (optically active) vs. RS that was found in tissues from the SME-10 product (97.8%:2.2%), whereas with SME-25 this ratio was 16.0:84.0%. These results suggest that inclusion of only the SME-25 product could not replace the current addition of SME-10 and CTX combinations.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Effect of dietary iron and copper on performance and oxidative stability in broiler leg meat.
- Author
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Ruiz JA, Pérez-Vendrell AM, and Esteve-Garcia E
- Subjects
- Animals, Copper analysis, Female, Iron analysis, Random Allocation, Spectrophotometry, Atomic veterinary, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances analysis, Vitamin E analysis, Chickens physiology, Dietary Supplements, Iron, Dietary administration & dosage
- Abstract
1. An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of removal of supplemental iron and copper from broiler diets during the last 3 weeks before slaughter on broiler performance, tissue vitamin E concentrations and oxidation values in raw; cooked and stored broiler leg meat. 2. Removal of supplemental iron and copper from the diet slightly decreased food efficiency; the differences were significant only when both minerals were removed simultaneously 3. Effect of iron withdrawal on iron concentration in tissue was low. However, total copper concentration in tissue was reduced in animals deprived of iron or both minerals simultaneously. 4. Removal of dietary iron and copper did not affect vitamin E concentration in raw and cooked meat, while stored meat showed lower concentrations in animals deprived of iron and copper simultaneously. 5. The removal of iron and copper from the diet reduced oxidation values in cooked broiler leg meat as measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances method (TBARS).
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Effect of beta-carotene and vitamin E on oxidative stability in leg meat of broilers fed different supplemental fats.
- Author
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Ruiz JA, Pérez-Vendrell AM, and Esteve-García E
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens, Female, Muscle, Skeletal chemistry, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, Vitamin E metabolism, Antioxidants pharmacology, Dietary Fats pharmacology, Meat analysis, Vitamin E pharmacology, beta Carotene pharmacology
- Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary fat (6% lard and sunflower and olive oil) and supplementation of alpha-tocopheryl acetate or beta-carotene on vitamin E content and lipid oxidation in raw, cooked, and chilled-stored broiler leg meat. Vitamin E increased its tissue level, reducing lipid oxidation. The oxidative stability of leg meat tended to decrease with dietary sunflower oil. Effects of beta-carotene on vitamin E levels and oxidation depended on dietary fat and its concentration in feed, decreasing vitamin E, mainly at 50 ppm. beta-Carotene at 15 ppm acted as antioxidant in fresh and cooked meat in the sunflower and olive oil diets. However, in stored meat, beta-carotene at 50 ppm increased TBARS, probably due to a decrease in vitamin E content and direct prooxidant effects per se. It is suggested that the antioxidant effect of beta-carotene requires the presence of vitamin E in tissues.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Determination of beta-(1-3),(1-4)-D-glucans in barley by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
- Author
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Pérez-Vendrell AM, Guasch J, Francesch M, Molina-Cano JL, and Brufau J
- Subjects
- Carbohydrate Conformation, Carbohydrate Sequence, Glycoside Hydrolases metabolism, Hydrolysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Oligosaccharides analysis, Oligosaccharides metabolism, Refractometry, Reproducibility of Results, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Glucans analysis, Hordeum chemistry, beta-Glucans
- Abstract
An HPLC method for the determination of beta-glucan in barley was developed. The beta-glucan was hydrolysed with lichenase [endo-beta-(1-3),(1-4)-D-glucan-4-glucanhydrolase from Bacillus subtilis] to oligosaccharides, which were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC using water as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.7 ml/min. The separation of the oligosaccharides was performed in a C18 stainless-steel column (Spherisorb ODS-2) with 5-microns particles in less than 10 min, with a refractive index detection.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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