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Magnolia buenaventurensis Á.J.Pérez & E.Rea, sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type:— ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Santa Rosa, Parroquia Torata, Reserva Buenaventura, Fundación Jocotoco, sector SambotamboBirón, 1300–1400 m, 6 May 2022, Pérez et al. 11777 (holotype: QCA! (fl, fr, fl in alcohol); isotypes G! (fl bud), GUAY! (fl), LOJA! (fl), MOL! (fl bud), QCNE! (fl bud), UTPL! (fl bud)). Magnolia buenaventurensis resembles M. mashpi and M. mindoensis, but can be differentiated from the former by having a stipular scar on the petiole (vs. none), glabrous leaves (vs. pubescent beneath), petals 8 (vs. 6) and ellipsoid fruits (vs. globose); from the latter by having a longer stipular scar on the petiole, glabrous leaves (vs. pubescent), petals 8 (vs. 6), fewer stamens (50–53 vs. 84–86) and more carpels (12–15 vs. 9–10). Trees 10–30 m tall; 15–60 cm dbh. Outer bark smooth, fragrant and creamy white. Young parts, such as branches, petioles and leaf blades glabrous. Twig internodes 0.5–1.2(–1.5) × 0.6–0.8(–1) cm, glabrous, with oblong lenticels. Stipular scar nearly reaching the apex of the petiole. Petiole subterete, 1.30–4.10(–5.00) × 0.15–0.20(–0.30) cm. Leaves obovate-elliptic, 10.0–25.5(–30.0) × 6.2–13.8(–14.5) cm, green above, pale green below, glabrous on both sides, apex acute to rounded, base cuneate, margin entire, secondary veins 10–15 on each side of the midrib, midrib canaliculate above, raised beneath; reticulate tertiary venation. Flowers solitary, 8–10 cm in diam; bract 1, 3.2–5.0 × 3.1–4.5 cm, broadly ellipsoid, glabrous, glaucous-green; flower buds ellipsoid; peduncle 0.5–1.4 cm long, lower internodes 0.5– 1.2(–2.0) cm long, glabrous; sepals 3, creamy white, navicular, obovoid, 4.2–5.5 × 2.1–2.5 cm, glabrous, base truncate, apex obtuse to rounded; petals 8, creamy white, cochleate, navicular, oblanceolate, fragrant, the three outer ones 5.4–6.0 × 1.8–2.1 cm, concave in the upper third, the five inner ones 4.5–5.5 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, gradually narrower basally; stamens 50–53, 1.0–1.4 × 0.1–0.2 cm; gynoecium ellipsoid, 1.9–2.1 × 1.0– 1.1 cm, stigma 0.9 cm long, deciduous, yellowish white, glabrous, carpels 12–15. Fruit ellipsoid, 7.0–8.5 × 4.3 cm, with circumscissile dehiscence, glabrous, green; seeds 1–2 per carpel, sub-prismatic, fragrant, angled, 9–12 × 8–11 mm, shiny, with a red sarcotesta. Etymology:— Referring to the type locality, a 3546-ha reserve owned and managed by the Jocotoco Foundation, which is devoted to preserving the last remnants of tropical and cloud forest from 400–1600 m on the south-western hills of the Andean Cordillera. Distribution, habitat and ecology:— Known thus far only from the type locality, the montane forest remnants at the Sambotambo-Birón, between 1300–1600 m, in El Oro Province (Fig. 4). According to the Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador 2013, this area lies in the Catamayo-Alamor evergreen piedmont forest (BsPn02) that harbours high diversity and endemism (Cerón et al. 1999; Myers et al. 2000) as a result of the Andes and Tumbesian región influence. Field observations indicate that M. buenaventurensis co-occurs with the following tree species: Guatteria microcarpa (Annonaceae), Dictyocaryum lamarckianum and Wettinia kalbreyeri (Arecaceae), Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) and Roupala montana (Proteaceae). The endangered mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) also inhabits these forest patches (Fig. 5). Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Conservation status:— Known only from one population of eight adult individuals in less than 5 km 2. Given the narrow distribution of the species and the constant threats (e.g., pasture expansion for cattle, selected logging and mining activities), the species should be considered critically endangered (CR B2ab(iii)) (IUCN 2022). In situ and ex situ propagation programs are urgently needed. Additional specimens examined:— ECUADOR. El Oro: Cantón Santa Rosa, Parroquia Torata, Reserva Buenaventura, Fundación Jocotoco, sector Sambotambo-Birón, 1300–1400 m, 22 Dec 2021, Pérez et al. 11744 (GUAY, LOJA, QCA, UTPL); ibid., 7 May 2022 (fl), Pérez et al. 11789 (G, GUAY, LOJA, QCA fl in alcohol, UTPL). Notes:— Magnolia buenaventurensis is the first species in this genus to be found in the south-western flanks of coastal Ecuador, an area of high diversity and endemism (Cerón et al. 1999; Myers et al. 2000). It belongs to M. sect. Talauma, characterised by the stipules adnate to the petiole and carpels with circumscissile dehiscence (Figlar & Nooteboom 2004; Wang et al. 2020). Although M. buenaventurensis resembles M. mashpi and M. mindoensis, it can be differentiated from them by vegetative features; all structures are entirely glabrous, the leaf apex is usually rounded, and the stipular scar nearly reaching the apex of the petiole (vs. lacking stipular scar in M. mashpi and shorter stipular scar in M. mindoensis). Differences in reproductive features are 8 petals (vs. 6 in M. mashpi and M. mindoensis), 50–53 stamens (vs. 131–132 in M. mashpi and 84–86 in M. mindoensis), 12–15 carpels (vs. 32 in M. mashpi and 9–10 in M. mindoensis) and ellipsoid fruit (vs. globose in M. mashpi). We have observed a high percentage of fruit abortion at immature stages, which may be caused by inbreeding in this small, isolated population. This phenomenon may result from insufficient insect pollination, and the study of their floral visitors and pollination biology is highly recommended (Kevan & Viana 2003, Potts et al. 2010). Further exploration is also highly advisable, especially in the Peruvian coastal slopes, to further assess distribution and demographic status (Fig. 4). At the same time, seed predation and dispersal studies are also needed to understand the apparent lack of recruitment of juveniles. Both in situ and ex situ conservation actions are urgently required for this species. Propagation by seeds is a priority, but in vitro propagation is also suggested to prevent extinction. The Jocotoco Foundation is monitoring seed production to start a propagation program., Published as part of Pérez, Álvaro J., Rea, Edison, Burgess, Kevin S., Mena-Olmedo, Patricio, Cabrera, Leovigildo, León, José & Vázquez-García, J. Antonio, 2023, A new endemic Magnolia species (M. sect. Talauma, Magnoliaceae) from the southwestern montane forest remnants of Ecuador, pp. 119-126 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on pages 120-122, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7840471, {"references":["Ceron, C. E., Palacios, W., Valencia, R. & Sierra, R. (1999) Las Formaciones Naturales de la Costa del Ecuador. In: Sierra, R. (ed.) Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificacion de vegetacion para el Ecuador Continental. Proyecto INEFAN / GEF-BIRF y EcoCiencia, Quito, pp. 55 - 78.","Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853 - 858. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35002501","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 31 August 2022).","Figlar, R. B. & Nooteboom, H. P. (2004) Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. Blumea 49: 87 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651904 X 486214","Wang, Y., Liu, B., Nie, Z., Chen, H., Chen, F., Figlar, R. B. & Jun, W. (2020) Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58: 673 - 695. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12588","Kevan, P. G. & Viana, B. F. (2003) The global decline of pollination services. Biodiversity. 4: 3 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14888386.2003.9712703","Potts, S. G., Biesmeijer, J. C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O. & Kunin, W. E. (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25: 345 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tree. 2010.01.007"]}

1. Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16: 22. 1824 TYPE:— Mauritius, Bory de St. Vincent Notes:—The voucher specimens here identified as Tristicha trifaria are assigned to this species due to the presence of leafy stems with tristichous leaves (photosynthetic shootlets or ramuli). Flowering axis with two bracts enclosing a flower before anthesis. Flowers have a single stamen and 3 stigmas; all defining traits of T. trifaria (Figure 1b)., Published as part of Bedoya, Ana M. & Pérez, Álvaro J., 2023, New records of riverweeds (Podostemaceae) from the tropical Andes (Ecuador and Colombia): getting our feet wet to bypass collection bias in Neotropical rivers, pp. 274-280 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7703821

2. Lophogyne aeruginosa (P. Royen) C.T. Philbrick & C.P. Bove, comb. nov. Phytotaxa 400: 83. 2019. Basionym: Marathrum aeruginosum. P. Royen, Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht 107: 132, tab. 8. figs. 1–2. 1951. TYPE:— Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Orinoco River, at Raudal Santa Barbara, between Tamatama and San Fernando de Atabapo, altitude 100 m s.n.m., 7 September 1944 (fl,fr), J.A. Steyermark 58438 (holotype: F-1255237) = Apinagia penicillata P. Royen, Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht 107: 66–67, tab. 4, figs. 11–16. 1951. Basionym: Oenone penicillata P. Royen ex Maguire. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75(4) 382–383. 1948. TYPE: SURINAME. Saramacca River, 11 October 1944, B. Maguire 24927 (holotype: NY-387822; isotypes: BR, F, GH,K449051, P-167927, U not seen, US-1950184). Notes:—The voucher specimens here identified as Lophogyne cf. aeruginosa have prostrate stems, solitary flowers (each subtended by a spathella), 2 stamens that arise on one side of the ovary, absence of a gynophore, non-cristate stigmas, and 6 winged ribs in the fruits visible when the capsules are dry; all defining traits of L. aeruginosa (Figure 1a) (Bove et al. 2011). Characteristics of the species not visible in the material collected include opposite shoots along a branched, compressed, irregular base 2–10 mm diameter; leaves repeatedly forked or cuneate with forked lobes apically, 1–5 cm long (Berry 2004; Bove et al. 2020)., Published as part of Bedoya, Ana M. & Pérez, Álvaro J., 2023, New records of riverweeds (Podostemaceae) from the tropical Andes (Ecuador and Colombia): getting our feet wet to bypass collection bias in Neotropical rivers, pp. 274-280 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7703821, {"references":["Berry, P. E. (2004) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 8. incl. Podostemaceae. Missouri Bot. Garden.","Bove, C. P., Philbrick, C. T. & Lorenco, A. R. (2020) A new species of Lophogyne s. l. (Podostemaceae) from the Amazonian savanna of Amapa, Brazil. Phytotaxa 474 (2): 172 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 474.2.7"]}

2. Valeriana yacuriensis Sklenář & B.Eriksen, sp. nov. — Figures 1 D–E, 2 F–J Type: ECUADOR. Loja: Cordillera las Lagunillas (de Sabanilla), paramo de las Lagunas Negras [Parque Nacional Yacurí], S4° 42’ 36’’, W79° 25’ 44’’, 3500 m, 16 June 2009 (fl), P. Sklenar, J. Mackova, & P. Macek 12053 (holotype PRC; isotypes GB-0210434, QCA-188696). Shrubs to 40 cm tall, branched stems ascending to erect, terete, to 4.1 mm in diameter. Leaves numerous, wellspaced basally but becoming densely clustered in the upper part of the branches; the petiole persistent, triangular, flat, sheathing, 1.6–1.7 mm broad basally, ca 2.2 mm long, green distally, whitish-brown with violet streaks basally when young, sparsely ciliate along the margins; the lamina spreading, glossy-green, tubercled, glabrous, flat to shallowly canaliculate towards the petiole, grooved adaxially, ca 0.3 mm thick, oblong to obovate, 4.6–6.3 × 1.7–2.1 mm, the apex obtuse, the margin entire, rarely with a few cilia basally. Inflorescence capitoid, 6–20-flowered, sessile, the bracts leaf-like, ovate, 0.8–1.6 x 2.8–3.8 mm, acute. Flowers gynodioecious; calyx vestigial; corolla white, 3-lobed, narrowly funnelform, the tube to 4.2 mm long, the lobes triangular, 1.3–1.7 × 0.9–1.4 mm, spreading and recurved, the apex obtuse; stamens exserted to 2.1 mm, spreading, the thecae 0.35–0.46 mm long; pistil with the style exserted to 2.7 mm, 3-parted, the branches ca 0.15 mm long. Fruits unknown. Additional specimens examined: ECUADOR. Loja: Parque Nacional Yacurí, around the upper Laguna Negra, W79°25’27”, S04°42’51”, 3325 m, 7 November 2018, Sklenar P., Ptacek J., Klimesova J., Klimes A. 15684 (PRC, QCA-241671). Valeriana yacuriensis is distinguished from the other 3-lobed species of Valeriana in Ecuador and northern Peru by the shrubby habit and petiolate leaves which are distinctly clustered apically. Valeriana imbricata Killip (1928: 501) and V. plateadensis are shrubs but have (sub)sessile, closely imbricate leaves which are persistent throughout the stem, whereas V. xenophylloides (described below) is cushion-forming. Distribution and habitat:— Valeriana yacuriensis was collected twice at the type locality, i.e., in humid paramo grasslands with scattered shrubs around the Laguna Negra in the Parque Nacional Yacurí (Figure 3B). Since the locality occurs at the Ecuador-Peruvian border, the occurrence of the species in the latter country is likely. Conservation status: Data deficient (DD); as Valeriana yacuriensis has only been collected twice from the type locality it is obvious that more field work is needed in order to assess the conservation status according to the IUCN criteria properly (IUCN 2022). Phenology: Flowers were observed in July and November which indicates that the population of the species has a very extended (perhaps continuous) period of flowering. Etymology: The epithet refers to the name of the Parque Nacional Yacurí where the species was found., Published as part of Persson, Claes, Eriksen, Bente, Pérez, Álvaro J., Zapata, J. Nicolás, Couvreur, Thomas L. P. & Sklenář, Petr, 2023, Three new species of Valeriana (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) from southern Ecuador, pp. 47-53 in Phytotaxa 579 (1) on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7532106, {"references":["Killip, E. P. (1928) Seven new species of Valeriana. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 18: 498 - 501.","IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 12 December 2022)"]}

3. Valeriana xenophylloides Sklenář & B.Eriksen, sp. nov. — Figures 1 F–G, 2 K–O Type: ECUADOR. Azuay: Páramo de Patococha, road Gualaceo-Limón, to the south of the military antennas, W78°40’09’’, S03°02’ 02’’, 3400 m, 1 November 2018 (fl), P. Sklenar, Klimes A. 15580 (holotype PRC; isotype QCA-242019). Plants forming semi-globose cushions to 30 cm large. Stems terete, woody, 1.5–1.9 mm in diameter near the base, the upper branches 1.6–2.1 mm in diameter including leaves. Leaves numerous, persistent, only the terminal ones green; petiole white to pale brown with violet streaks, flat, appressed, to 3.7 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, ciliate along the margins; lamina erect to spreading, glossy-green, tubercled, flat to semi-terete, to 0.5 mm thick, narrowly ovate, 1.5–1.9 × 0.6–0.9 mm, the apex obtuse, crowned with (4–)6–8(–11) spreading to erect pellucid trichomes to 0.8 mm long. Inflorescences capitoid, 1–3-flowered, (sub)sessile with the peduncles to 0.5 mm long, the outer bracts leaf-like, ovate, 1.4–1.9 × 0.8–1.2 mm, the inner bracts oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.5–0.8 mm, both type of bracts ciliate along the margins and with a few pellucid trichomes at the apex. Flowers gynodioecious; calyx vestigial; corolla white, 3-lobed, funnelform, the tube 1.4–1.8 mm long, the lobes spreading, triangular to ovate, obtuse, 0.9–1.3 × 0.7–1 mm; stamens exserted and spreading, the thecae oblong, 0.16–0.24 mm long; pistil with the style exserted to 1.5 mm, 2-parted, the branches to 0.13 mm long. Fruits unknown. Among the high-elevation species of Valeriana from the tropical Andes, the cushion habit is also present in V. aschersoniana Graebner (1945: 37) from Peru and V. aretioides Kunth (1819: 324) from Ecuador – Colombia (Weberling & Uhlarz 1977, Eriksen 1989). However, both species have typically 5-lobed corollas, although flowers are occasionally 3–4-lobed in V. aschersoniana (Weberling & Stützel 2006) and 4-lobed in V. aretioides (Eriksen 1989), and leaf laminas lack the distinct crown of trichomes at the apex (Weberling & Uhlarz 1977), which provides the cushions of V. xenophylloides a slightly silvery-white appearance. Moreover, the flowers of V. aretioides are yellow. Confusion with other species of Valeriana is unlikely. Distribution and habitat:— Valeriana xenophylloides was collected only once in a very humid bamboo-shrub páramo of southern Ecuador. It grew in patches of open vegetation on wet slopes with a rich cover of bryophytes and lichens (Figure 3C). Only a few individual cushions were observed but more plants can be expected to occur at higher elevations. Conservation status: Data deficient (DD); as only a few individuals have been observed from one locality more field work is needed to assess the conservation status according to the IUCN criteria properly (IUCN 2022). Phenology: Flowers were collected in November. Etymology: The habit of Valeriana xenophylloides resembles Xenophyllum humile (Kunth) (1820: 150) Funk (1997: 239), a distinct cushion-forming Asteraceae species which is commonly found in the paramos of Ecuador and the epithet of the new species refers to this resemblance., Published as part of Persson, Claes, Eriksen, Bente, Pérez, Álvaro J., Zapata, J. Nicolás, Couvreur, Thomas L. P. & Sklenář, Petr, 2023, Three new species of Valeriana (Valerianoideae, Caprifoliaceae) from southern Ecuador, pp. 47-53 in Phytotaxa 579 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7532106, {"references":["Kunth, K. S. (1819) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) 3: 324.","Weberling, F. & Uhlarz, H. (1977) Morphologische, anatomische und palynologische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Aretiastrum (Valerianaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 127: 217 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00985989","Weberling, F. & Stutzel, T. (2006) Morphological and anatomical investigations of Aretiastrum magellanicum (Hombr. & Jacq.) Skottsb. Wulfenia 13: 193 - 205.","IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 12 December 2022)"]}

Pycnolejeunea densistipula (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph. Notes. – An uncommon neotropical species occurring in southeastern Brazil and the Ecuadorian Andes, where it is known from Reserva Biológica San Francisco, Zamora Chinchipe (PAROLLY et al., 2004) and Gualaquiza, where Allioni found it along the Río San Francisco.

Plagiochila ecuadorensis Steph., Sp. Hepat. 6: 149. 1918, syn. nov. Holotypus: ECUADOR. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “in silva supra Rosario”, 1700 m, s.d., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6363] (G [G00061382]!). = Plagiochila deflexa Mont. & Gottsche Notes. – Plagiochila deflexa is an uncommon neotropicalHawaiian species that is recognized by elongate-triangular leaves with a large vitta-like area near the base, a narrowly truncate apex, margins with rather few teeth (frequently two larger teeth at apex), and longly decurrent, ampliate ventral bases (HEINRICHS et al., 2002). The species was described from Ecuador as P. chimborazensis Spruce and P. ecuadorensis Steph., which are synonyms (GRADSTEIN, in press).

Frullania confertiloba Steph. Notes. – A rare neotropical species, in Ecuador only known from Gualaquiza where it was found by Allioni along the Río Yumana (YUZAWA, 1991).

Scapania minutidens Steph., Sp. Hepat. 6: 503. 1924, syn. nov. Holotypus: ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Bomboiza, “in superioribus montis Aguacate”, in truncis in arborum silvis, 2400 – 2600 m, IV.1910, Allioni 291 (G [G00124058]!). = Scapania portoricensis Hampe & Gottsche Notes. – Scapania portoricensis is the only neotropical member of the large, holarctic genus Scapania (Dumort.) Dumort. and characteristic of upper montane cloud forests (FRAHM & GRADSTEIN, 1991). The species is readily recognized by its reddish color, large size (to 20 cm long and 1 cm wide), toothed leaf margins, very short keel and stellate gemmae. Scapania minutidens is a robust phenotype of S. portoricensis.

Lepidozia tenuicuspis Steph., Sp. Hepat. 6: 342. 1922 [nom. illeg., non Spruce 1890], syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “in silva collis Sapotilla”, V.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6560] (G [G00112405]!). Syntypi: ibid. loco, “in silva ad rivum Salado”, V.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6559] (G [G00043706]!); ibid. loco, “in silva ad rivum Sapotilla”, 9.VIII.1909, c.sp., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6561] (G [G00112407]!). = Lepidozia cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. Notes. – Lepidozia cupressina is a common and widespread Afro-American species that has been described under many different names. Lepidozia tenuicuspis Steph. is a phenotype of L. cupressina with longly uniseriate underleaf apices made up of quadrate to subrectangular cells (1–2 × longer than wide). The specimen in Bryo. Levier 6560 is chosen here as the lectotype of L. tenuicuspis as it was illustrated in STEPHANI (1985: tab. 5071).

Plagiochila matanga Steph., Sp. Hepat. 6: 183. 1921, syn. nov. Holotypus: ECUADOR. Prov. Azuay: páramo del Matanga, s.d., Allioni 679 (G [G00064204]!). = Plagiochila longispina Lindenb. & Gottsche Notes. – Plagiochila longispina is a neotropical-montane species that is distinguished by more or less bluish stems, and leaves with numerous long-linear teeth all around the margins (HEINRICHS et al., 2000). Plagiochila matanga is identical to P. longispina and a synonym.

Metzgeria allionii Steph. Notes. – Only known from the type from Gualaquiza, where it was collected by Allioni along the Río Curiapo. The species is very similar to the widespread but uncommon M. crassipilis (Lindb.) A. Evans – found by the authors along the Río Bomboiza and Río Quimi in 2019 – but differs in gemmae and younger parts of the thallus with falcate hairs (KUWAHARA, 1986; COSTA, 2008).

Lepidozia pseudocupressina Schiffn. Notes. – This rare species is only known from southern Brazil and from Ecuador, where Allioni found it in Morona Santiago (Gualaquiza) and Azuay. The species is very close to the common L. cupressina and may be a variety of the latter (GRADSTEIN, in press).

Plagiochila bicaudata Steph., Sp. Hepat. 6: 130. 1918, syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Bomboiza, “frequens in silva secus rivulum Yumana ad truncos arborum”, 900 – 1000 m, 30. I.1910, Allioni 215 (G [G00128747]!). Syntypus: ibid. loco, Gualaquiza, s.d., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6389] (G [G00121499]!). = Plagiochila deflexirama Taylor Notes. – Am on g n e o t ro p i c a l Plagiochila s p e c i e s, P. deflexirama stands out by densely (bi)pinnate branching with branches being predominantly of the Frullania - type, and ampliate ventral leaf bases (GRADSTEIN, 2016). Plagiochila bicaudata is similar to P. deflexirama in all respects. The new lectotypification of P. bicaudata was already proposed by J. Heinrichs on an annotation label.

Plagiochila paludosa Steph., Sp. Hepat. 6: 195. 1921, syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “in paludosis fluvii Rio Salado ”, 10.II.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6358] (G [G00121456]!). Syntypi: ibid. loco, “ in trunco arboris silvae supra G. Vega ”, 13.I.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6371] (G [G00121490]!); ibid. loco, “ in silva ad rivum Sapotilla ”, IX.1910, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6618] (G [G00128758]!); ibid. loco, “ in silva densiore obscura, collis Sapotilla ”, V.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6628] (G [G00128759]!); ibid. loco, “ in via ad Rosario ”, VI.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6606] (G [G128760]!). = Plagiochila heteromalla Lindenb. Notes. – Plagiochila heteromalla is widespread in the Andes and is distinguished by the (sub)opposite and usually strongly secund leaves with a border of thick-walled cells, a vitta-like basal area, shortly toothed margins, shortly decurrent leaf bases and homogeneous oil bodies (GRADSTEIN, 2016). Plagiochila paludosa is identical to P. heteromalla and a synonym. The new lectotypification of P. paludosa was already proposed by J. Heinrichs on an annotation label.

Frullania gualaquizana Steph., Sp. Hepat. 4: 539. 1911, syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “in silvis”, II.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6480] (G [G00068154]!). Syntypus: ibid. loco, s.d., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6475] (G [G00265392]!). = Frullania montagnei Gottsche Notes. – Frullania montagnei is a rather widespread neotropical species that stands out by rounded leaf tips, undivided hemiphylls, rather small and shallowly bifid underleaves (2–3 × stem width), and gynoecia with a subentire involucre and a 3-keeled perianth (STOTLER, 1969). Frullania gualaquizana is identical to F. montagnei and a synonym. The specimen in Bryo. Levier 6480 is chosen here as the lectotype of F. gualaquizana as it was illustrated in STEPHANI (1985: tab. 4038).

Taxilejeunea auriculata Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 459. 1914, syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “ in silva Churiacu, ad arborum corticum ”, IX.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6534] (G [G00064193]!). Syntypus: COSTA RICA: San José, Tablazo, 1900 m, 4.III.1908, Brade s.n. (G [G00283254]!). = Lejeunea rotundifolia Mitt. Notes. – Lejeunea rotundifolia is a robust Andean species with orbicular leaves, very large and suborbicular underleaves with a short-bifid apex and strongly auriculate bases, and stems with 4–6 cell wide ventral merophytes (REINER-DREHWALD, 2005). Taxilejeunea auriculata is identical to L. rotundifolia and a synonym. The specimen collected by Allioni is chosen here as the lectotype of T. auriculata as it was illustrated in STEPHANI (1985: tab. 9997).

Dendroceros allionii Steph. Notes. – Only known from the type collected by Allioni along the Río Gualaquiza. The status of this species needs further study; the type has been on loan and was not available for examination.

Plagiochila deflexa Mont. & Gottsche Notes. – A species with an unusual distribution, being common in Hawaii and additionally found in Central America (HEINRICHS et al., 2002) and in the northern Andes, where it is rare (GRADSTEIN, in press). The collection made by Allioni, near Rosario along the road from Gualaquiza to Azuay, is the southernmost record of the species.

Taxilejeunea tenuiplica Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 480. 1914, syn. nov. Holotypus: ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “ in silva secus rivum Gualaquiza ”, s.d., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6647] (G [G000047597]!). = Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees Notes. – Lejeunea flava is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate regions of the world and distinguished by ovate-oblong leaves with rounded tips, leaf cells with conspicuous trigones, ± longer than wide underleaves with a cordate base, and gynoecia frequently two in a row on short branches (e.g., SCHUSTER, 1980). Stephani’s description of Taxilejeunea tenuiplica adds another name to the long list of synonyms of L. flava.

Frullania allionii Steph., Sp. Hepat. 4: 394. 1910, syn. nov. Lectotypus (designated here): ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Gualaquiza, “in arbore silvae supra hacienda Vega”, 900 m, 13.II.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6443] (G [G00066795]!). Syntypi: ibid. loco, “forêt Liuriapa, saxicola”, 900 m, 20.VIII.1909, Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6444] (G [G00128070]!); ibid. loco, s.d., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6565] (G [G00128071]!); ibid. loco, Bomboiza, “ad saxum erraticum vulgo “La Mesa” prope Missionariorum domum”, 900 m, 23.II.1910, Allioni 281 (G [G00128072]!). = Frullania ericoides (Nees) Nees Notes. – Frullania allionii is similar in all respects to the common, pantropical F. ericoides, a species standing out by brittle, squarrose leaves, lobules usually explanate (rarely helmet-shaped), and perianths with numerous small scales, lacinia or tubercles on the surface (SCHUSTER, 1992). The specimen in Bryo. Levier 6443 is chosen here as the lectotype of F. allionii as it was illustrated in STEPHANI (1985: tab. 3403).

Frullania ecuadorensis Steph., Sp. Hepat. 4: 526. 1911, syn. nov. Holotypus: ECUADOR. Prov. Guayas: “San José”, s.d., Allioni s.n. [Bryo. Levier 6551] (G [G00067443]!). = Frullania kunzei (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb. Notes. – Frullania kunzei is a widespread neotropical species that is distinguished by its very small size (0.5–1 mm wide), prostrate growth, ovate-orbicular leaves with a rounded apex and weakly auriculate dorsal base (sub)isodiametrical apical leaf cells without intermediate thickenings, lobules 1.3–1.7 × longer than wide, small and distant underleaves, heteroiocus sexuality, and broadly 3-keeled perianths with a subentire involucre (GRADSTEIN, in press). Frullania ecuadorensis is a dioicous phenotype of F. kunzei with lobules varying from upright and close to the stem to oblique and at some distance to the stem. The close similarity of F. ecuadorensis to F. kunzei (= F. neesii Lindenb.) was already noted by STOTLER (1969).

Isotachis obtusa Steph. Notes. – This rare aquatic high Andean species was first detected by Allioni in the páramo of Matanga, in the province of Azuay. The species has usually been called I. lacustris Herzog, which is a synonym of I. obtusa (GRADSTEIN, in press).

Hygrolejeunea fissistipula Steph. ex Bonner, Index Hepat 6: 650. 1966 [nom. nud.]. Original material: ECUADOR. Prov. Morona Santiago: Bomboiza, “in silva Sacramento frequens”, 900 m, 14.II.1910, Allioni 254 (G [G00280827]!). = Otigoniolejeunea huctumalcensis (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Y.M. Wei et al. Notes. – Otigoniolejeunea huctumalcensis is an uncommon neotropical species that was long considered a member of Ceratolejeunea Jack & Steph. (as C. dussiana Steph. = C. dentatocornuta Steph.; DAUPHIN, 2003) until WEI et al. (2014) showed its position in Otigoniolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. based on molecular evidence. Characteristic are the delicate plants with ocellate leaves, small bottle-shaped lobules, distant bifid underleaves and perianths with antler-like laciniae. Hygrolejeunea fissistipula is identical to O. huctumalcensis. Notes on taxa collected by Allioni Many of the species described as new by Stephani based on Allioni’s collections are common and widespread, e.g., Bazzania hookeri (Lindenb.) Trevis., B. stolonifera (Sw.) Trevis., Frullania ericoides (Nees) Nees, F. kunzei (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb., Isotachis multiceps (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Gottsche, I. serrulata (Sw.) Gottsche, Leiomitra tomentosa (Sw.) Lindb., Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees, Lepidozia cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb., Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce, Odontolejeunea lunulata (F. Weber) Schiffn., Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk., Plagiochila adianthoides (Sw.) Lindenb., P. aerea Taylor, P. raddiana Lindenb., Scapania portoricensis Hampe & Gottsche and Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Steph. A few new species, however, are uncommon taxa that are known from only few collections and have restricted distributions. They include the following taxa

Neesioscyphus allionii (Steph.) Grolle Notes. – This rare northern Andean species was first gathered by Allioni near Gualaquiza along the Río San José.