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Background: the frequency and type of allergic diseases vary according to the environmental, social and economic conditions of each country, in addition to the genetic characteristics of its population. Objective: to describe clinical-epidemiological aspects of patients with allergic diseases assisted at the University Polyclinic "Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" in the municipality of Niquero, Granma, Cuba, from January to June 2022. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was performed in the polyclinic allergy service and during the time period previously declared. The study population consisted of 625 patients aged 5 years and over, diagnosed with allergic diseases, who underwent total serum IgE. The variables evaluated were: age, sex, origin, personal history of allergic disorders and total serum IgE. The data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics. Results: patients aged between 5 and 19 years predominated (49.76 %), female sex (61.12 %) and urban origin (68.96 %) of patients. Bronchial asthma (69.60 %), allergic rhinitis (30.56 %) and atopic dermatitis (10.24 %) were the most significant pathologies. A predominance of normal values of total IgE was identified in 62.88 % of participants. Conclusions: the clinical-epidemiological characteristics related to allergic diseases in the municipality of Niquero were similar to those reported in other national studies.

Introducción: La lepra o enfermedad de Hansen es una enfermedad infecciosa bacteriana que durante largo tiempo se ha considerado como un estigma. Objetivo: Caracterizar la preparación del personal médico de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre enfermedad de Hansen. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, corte transversal, durante los meses de julio a septiembre de 2022. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por 102 médicos de familia que se encontraban laborando en los 42 consultorios pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente ¨Ernesto Guevara¨. Las variables analizadas fueron: nivel de conocimiento del personal médico sobre enfermedad de Hansen y los factores relacionados con la preparación profesional para el manejo de la enfermedad en la Atención Primaria de Salud. El número absoluto y el porcentaje fueron las medidas de resumen estadístico utilizadas. Resultados: El 61.77 % del personal médico presentó un conocimiento adecuado sobre la realización del examen dermatoneurológico, seguido del dominio de los síntomas y signos de la enfermedad, 50.98 %. Entre los factores relacionados con la preparación profesional para el manejo de la enfermedad predominaron las fuentes de información actualizadas en el 59.80 % y la motivación por el tema en el 56.86 %. Conclusiones: La preparación del personal médico que labora en la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio de Niquero sobre la enfermedad de Hansen, representa una fortaleza en la detención temprana y el adecuado control epidemiológico.

Introduction: The Valergen® allergenic extracts (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides siboney), developed in the National Center for Biopreparations to use them in cutaneous tests to the patients with allergy, have demonstrated a high sensibility and specificity. Objective: To determine the sensibility considering 2 different concentrations of mite allergenic extracts by means of needle cutaneous tests. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 230 patients aged 5 to 49 was carried out. They were assisted in Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Teaching Polyclinic in Niquero, Granma province, during 2022. The analyzed variables were positive responses according to age, type of allergenic extracts, sensitization according to allergic diseases, as well as local adverse reaction. Results: In both concentrations, 20 000 UB/ml and 2000 UB/ml, there was a prevalence of the 5 to 13 age group (47.0%), the positive responses (27.8 and 25.7% for each dilution) and the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergenic extract (93.9 and 89.1%, respectively). Rhinitis was the allergic disease with more sensitization (29.1 in the first concentration and 28.3% in the second one). The local adverse events were just presented in that of 20 000 UB/ml (3.9%) with an average wheal diameter of 15.9 mm (IC 95%: 15.4 – 16.4 mm) for the higher reaction. Conclusions: Mite allergenic extracts with a concentration of 2000 UB/ml were equally sensitive and safe than the established dilution of 20 000 UB/ml, which is recognized on a national scale by its quality as diagnosis method.