Search

The basics of Blockchain technology and its application in various fields of activity are considered. The object of the research is Blockchain technology and the possibilities of its application in industries. This involves a detailed study of its fundamental components – decentralized network, mathematical cryptography, distributed consensus, transaction ledger and smart contracts, as well as their application, in particular, for automating and securing transactions and processes using smart contracts. The main problem to be solved is the integration of secure, transparent and efficient mechanisms for recording and processing transactions, as well as automating processes at different stages of production. The use of Blockchain, or rather smart contracts, has significantly improved production processes by automating routine operations and ensuring the security of transactions. Smart contracts developed using the Ethereum platform and the Solidity language are able to optimize production processes, but they are not devoid of risks, such as code bugs and cybersecurity issues. It is emphasized that the integration of Blockchain into production processes requires a basic understanding of the technology, a clear implementation strategy, and initial investment in infrastructure and integration. Despite the initial difficulties, the benefits of using Blockchain in terms of transparency, efficiency, and reliability can be significant, as evidenced by several specific examples. The authors explore the potential of smart contracts at different stages of the production cycle, highlighting the benefits in automating processes and ensuring security. The results show that smart contracts can significantly improve production processes by automating routine operations and ensuring transparency and security of transactions.

For the third year in a row, according to the results of research by global consulting agencies, international companies-leaders consider innovation to be the number one priority among their corporate goals. Most companies declare their readiness to invest in breakthrough innovations related to digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and smartization of business processes. The criteria for the readiness of such companies are: intensification of the search for talents that generate new ideas and have the ability to implement them into reality, turn investments into results; use of new business models and a wide range of strategic tools; strengthening innovative platforms of knowledge and practice; organization or participation in ecosystems with the involvement of external partners and competitors. Leadership is based on a strong culture of innovation, which is represented by the principles, norms and rules of strategic thinking, flexibility, mobility in decision-making and implementation of decisions. The article analyzes the features of the formation of a culture of innovation by international companies that are established as leaders in creating new sources of income and values, products and markets; the common attributes of innovation culture are defined – compliance with the principles of social and environmental responsibility, possession of elements of leadership and teamwork, readiness for effective implementation of innovations, productivity and resilience to threats.

The key idea of the conceptual model of financial and economic security of business processes of enterprise is the viewpoint that economic security is an integral part of the management system of enterprise development and therefore covers the tasks of strategic management and those that are specific to the current management of business processes of enterprise. Economic security management in accordance with development goals is ensured by such principles as: adaptability, achieved by harmonization of interests and goals, reliability of organizational relations with partners, compliance with organizational structure; sustainability, which is created due to competitiveness and stable position in the market, financial and economic condition and efficiency of functional areas of activity; ecological and social responsibility implemented in compliance with social standards and minimization of harmful effects on the environment. The components of this model are the goals, tasks, functions and potential for ensuring the security-oriented development of enterprise. Restrictions on the protection of the enterprise from threats require the financial and economic security management system of the developed information and analytical provision to identify and prevent threats, assess their impact, changes in the financial and economic state of the enterprise, the sufficiency of its resource provision. The most relevant are the analytical methods for assessing possible threats and their consequences, identifying dangerous zones to maintain the sustainability of the financial and economic state of enterprise. Further development of an analytical instrumentarium for assessing economic security be carried out through the construction of more advanced indicators and criteria for quantitative assessment of the adequacy of the level of economic security in order to ensure the sustainable development of enterprise.

The development of information economy, Ukraine’s integration into the world economic space, globalization processes and the resulting increase in competition exacerbate the problem of high-quality and efficient management of business processes at industrial enterprises. The necessity to increase the scale of high-tech production, to expand the range of innovative products and new requirements for their quality, cause attention focusing on the processes of forming the strategic potential of enterprises, namely, learning and finding new strategic opportunities, implementing organizational forms and tools, creating conditions for sustainable innovation and security-oriented development of domestic enterprises. The formation of strategic potential as an object of development management begins at the stage of intentions emergence and goals selection. Strategies, mechanisms (coordination, training, regulation, preservation and protection), organizational methods, forms of strategic management of economic security, as well as methods of selecting and coordinating adaptive measures that meet the guidelines of enterprise development are the strategic tools for security-oriented enterprise development. The division of development security strategies into types includes, first of all, the types of passive and active strategic behavior of an enterprise in the market. Passive survival strategies use available opportunities and are a typical course of action for a company in a stable and predictable environment; this "passivity" is determined by the fact that a company does not try to influence the external environment. Active survival strategies are aimed at actively searching for enterprise opportunities and effectively using them, and are implemented through transforming the internal structure of an enterprise and using complex strategic forms of behavior in the market. Strategies of actively influencing the external environment are realized through actively searching for new opportunities for innovative enterprise development and creating them.

The article is aimed at analyzing the efficiency as the basic concept and criterion of the enterprise’s activity. The evolution of the concept of «efficiency of the enterprise’s activity» is considered, the views of researchers on the definition of this concept are systematized. Basically, the researchers suggest that efficiency is considered as a ratio of results to costs, or as a trajectory of operation of an enterprise. In order to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the enterprise’s performance, it is proposed to carry out an evaluation on the following criteria: economic efficiency of production (level of satisfying the market demand, production per unit of resource costs, costs of a production unit); efficiency of labor use (labor intensity of a production unit, relative release of workers); efficiency of use of the main production funds (return on main funds, fund intensity of production); efficiency of use of material resources (material intensity of production, material output); efficiency of use of financial and investment means (working capital turnover ratio, duration of one turnover of standardized working capital, relative release of working capital, relative capital investments, investment per unit of introduced capacities, profitability of investments); production quality (economic effect of improving the product quality); financial and economic indicators (liquidity, solvency); efficiency of the use of assets (return on funds, turnover of all assets). The results of the carried out research constitute the basis for the analysis of efficiency of the enterprise’s performance and the choice of the directions of its further activities. Prospect of research in this direction is the development of a methodical support for the choice of directions of the future activities of enterprise.

A strategy toolkit aimed at ensuring safe development of an enterprise is presented. The composition of the toolkit is represented by strategies, mechanisms (coordination, training, regulation, saving and protection ones), organizational methods, forms of strategic management of economic security, as well as methods for selecting and coordinating adaptive measures that meet enterprise targets. The classification of development strategies singles out passive and active strategies: strategies of passive survival are those that take advantage of existing opportunities and are typical modes of operation for enterprises in a stable environment; strategies of active survival are those aimed at active search and effective use of market opportunities; strategies of active influence on the external environment, including measures aimed at active search for and creation of new opportunities for enterprise development through innovation, strategic competencies and knowledge. The carried out analysis of activities of machine-building enterprises of Kharkov region revealed the features of measures oriented towards ensuring their safe development. Among the passive measures the most typical are supporting liquidity and stability of financial status; ensuring reliability of technical and technological processes; observing the regime of economy in using financial and economic resources; renting premises, equipment; providing freight transportation services. Active measures include conducting market research; implementing new developments and assimilating new technologies; searching for strategic partners and developing new markets; using new organizational forms of cooperation and integration. For the purpose of revealing actual threats in the external environment of activities of the machine-building enterprises, an analysis of environmental factors is carried out and an evaluation methodology is developed with the involvement of 12 experts — top level managers of machine-building enterprises in Kharkiv region. Based on the results of the evaluation, recommendations on the formation of a strategic toolkit aimed at ensuring safe development of machine-building enterprise are developed.

The change in strategic management paradigms has been a consequence of solving the new challenges that are increasingly being faced by management systems of industrial enterprises. So, new control systems should differ from classical ones in dynamism, flexibility, ability not only to react promptly to changes of external environment, but also to change them. In such circumstances, there is a need to develop a comprehensive methodological provision for the formation and development of management potential, which includes organizational knowledge and the ability of the management staff to implement strategic goals.

The article is aimed at analyzing ways and means of organizing the financial and economic security of business processes of innovation development of enterprise. The business processes of enterprise, which act as objects of managerial decision-making, are considered. It has been determined that the time for decision-making by directors is ensured as result not only of reactive but also proactive management, that is, one that involves modeling the problematic situations, related to business processes. It has been specified that this modeling is one of the most important tools for ensuring the economic security of business processes of innovation development of enterprise. A general diagram of the process of organizing the economic security of business processes of innovation development of enterprise has been provided. The most relevant tools for organizing the financial and economic security of business processes of innovation development have been defined.

The article marks out components of personnel security of an enterprise, outlines processes of personnel management, which correspond with conditions of security of life and labour, competent, socially protected professional activity, availability of the acting system of motivation and stimulation, and possibilities for corporate conflicts resolution. The article presents basic standards, rules and legislative acts that regulate ensuring personnel security. It analyses specific features of application of standards with respect to: life security and labour protection culture at an enterprise, including managerial systems and practice, behaviour of personnel at working places and also intellectual component of personnel security, which envisages that personnel has knowledge and competences that assist in achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise.

In a global environment, it is impossible to apply national principles of business and the requirements of the laws of an individual state, business systems develop and interact with each other, which requires constant monitoring and forecasting of possible directions of development, therefore, the purpose of the research is to create a mechanism for the identification and evaluation of the competitive advantages of international business entities. Particular importance is the ability of business systems to gain combined competitive advantages in international and local markets, which uses methods of comparative, factor and system-structural analysis, expert evaluations. As a result of the research, the process of ensuring the implementation of competitive advantages of international business entities was formed, which will allow the firm to hold a competitive advantage longer, since the sources of competitive advantage are determined. Advantages of a low level, such as cheap labor or raw materials, can easily be obtained by competitors. Advantages of a higher order are proprietary technology, differentiation based on unique goods or services, reputation of a firm based on enhanced marketing activities, or close customer relationships require more elaboration and resources. Determination of competitive advantages becomes the basis for the formation of information for planning the activities of subjects of international business in conditions of disintegration of the economy. The formed mechanism for identifying competitive advantages has been adapted to the peculiarities of the activities of international business entities, which has made it possible to consistently identify, analyze and exploit competitive advantages in the relevant markets. In the process of implementing the mechanism, it is proposed to use an integral indicator of the assessment of the competitive advantages of subsystems of international business entities, which is adapted at the enterprises of machine building of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]