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The increase in thoracic kyphosis and the decrease in respiratory muscle strength are among the most frequently observed physiological changes in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare thoracic kyphosis angle and respiratory muscle strength measurements among women who do physical activity with those who do not. METHOD: We evaluated 54 elderly women aged between 60 and 80 years old, and distributed them into two groups: Group 1, with 27 physically active elderly women (71.3 ± 5.1 years old); and Group 2, with 27 elderly women who do not do physical activity (70.2 ± 4.8 years old). Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and the angle degree of the thoracic kyphosis was measured using the Flexicurva method. For data analysis, we used Pearson's correlation test and Student's t-test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Group 1participants showed higher values of MIP and MEP when compared to those in Group 2. A possible reason for this result could be the effects of regular physical activity and, specifically, the sport practiced. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that regular participation in physical activity contributes to the maintenance of respiratory muscle strength and delays the increase of the thoracic kyphosis angle in physically active elderly women.

Objectivos: Esta revisão sistemática investigou a influência da suplementação com betaína na fadiga muscular durante o exercício. Metodologia: Para o efeito foram utilizadas as diretrizes PRISMA e o estudo foi registado no PROSPERO (CRD42023469111). As pesquisas foram realizadas utilizando palavras-chave específicas de acordo com a estratégia PICOS no dia 12 de março de 2024 nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase e SCOPUS. Incluímos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) em adultos de ambos os sexos que utilizaram a betaína como suplemento, em comparação com o placebo, para melhorar a fadiga muscular durante o exercício físico. Foram excluídos os estudos em animais e os estudos com uso concomitante de betaína e outros suplementos. A fadiga muscular foi avaliada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima e lactato sanguíneo durante exercícios leg-press, ou agachamento e supino. O risco de viés dos estudos incluídos foi avaliado pela ferramenta Cochrane RoB2 e a certeza da evidência pelo GRADE. Resultados: Foram incluídos cinco ECR, nos quais foram avaliados um total de 93 participantes; todos eram do sexo masculino, sendo que 57 indivíduos foram designados para o grupo de intervenção com uma média de idades de 19,18±2,67 anos, e 58 indivíduos do grupo de controlo com uma média de idades de 19,66±2,44 anos. A betaína promoveu mais repetições até à fadiga muscular no leg-press ou agachamento (n = 3) e no supino (n = 2), com níveis mais baixos de lactato sérico em dois estudos. Conclusões: A betaína pode ser considerada um potencial recurso ergogénico para melhorar a fadiga muscular, proporcionar um maior número de repetições nos exercícios e eliminar o lactato sanguíneo.

Background: The isometric mid-thigh pull test (IMTP) is commonly used in sports performance assessment, but it remains underutilized among combat sports athletes. Aims: to evaluate whether Pan-American medalists (PM) showed differences when compared with other athletes (NM) when performing the IMTP. Methods: a total of 72 Karate [n=35 (♀12)] and Taekwondo [n=37 (♀15)] athletes were measured (22.4±3.7 yrs.; 67.4±11.5 Kg; 1.7±0.1 m; 22.1±2.8 kg/m2). From the total, 32 athletes were PM of their specific combat sport (♀11). All participants performed the IMTP 60-90 days before the competition. The following variables were measured: a) Impulse Net at 50; 100; 150 and 200 ms (N*s); b) absolute (N) and relative peak force (PF; N/Kg) and; c) Rating of force development (RFD) at 50; 100; 150 and 200 ms (N/s). Results: PM showed a better performance on absolute (2,398.5±623.1 vs. 2,096.2±559.3 N; p=0.034) and relative PF (34.6±5.0 vs. 31.2±5.1 N/Kg; p=0.006); RFD at 150 (5,273.4±2,670.8 vs. 3,963.4±1,904.2 N/s; p=0.0018) and 200ms (4,870.3±2,184.6 vs. 4,022.1±1,574.8 N/s; p=0.05). Relative PF (Τ=0.249; p=0.011) and RDF at 150 ms (Τ=0.208; p=0.033) showed a positive and significative correlation with the competition result. Conclusion: PM showed a high PF and RFD at 150 and 200 ms. Furthermore, the competition result was correlated with relative PF and RDF at 150 ms. Based on our findings, we recommend that coaches incorporate the IMTP into their evaluation routine for striking athletes. Keywords: martial arts, athletic performance, elite athlete, task performance and analysis.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique used to treat and diagnose eating disorders (EDs) by targeting brain regions like the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in impulse control and emotion regulation. Particularly beneficial for athletes, rTMS can reduce symptoms of EDs. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature on the therapeutic or diagnostic use of rTMS in athletes and patients with EDs, with an emphasis on binge eating disorder (BED), anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN). A literature survey was carried out in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Medline, Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD), Academic Search Premier, Wiley-Blackwell Full Collection, Nature Open Access, BioMed Central Open Access, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). A total of 26 original papers published until November 21, 2021, were included. The selected studies were grouped for each respective protocol: total number of patients or athletes, sociodemographic aspects of the participants, parameters performed in rTMS: type of coil, intensity, frequency, number of pulses, stimulation site, preliminary results, and incidence of adverse effects. Recent evidence suggests a low rate of side effects with the technique and a substantial high frequency rTMS response in both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the ventromedial region, especially in studies where internal comparison was performed. The great tolerance and safety of neuromodulatory treatment with rTMS encourage the application of the technique, especially in patients with refractory eating disorders. In addition to the therapeutic potential, rTMS is an essential diagnostic tool in elucidating the complex neurobiology of eating disorders. A more significant increase in publications on the subject is expected in a controlled, blind, and randomized manner, leading to a homogenization of results and generalization of its potential use. Keywords: Eating disorders, Neurology, Neuromodulation, Psychology, Psychiatry, Noninvasive brain stimulation.

This study compared acute measures of concussion in Olympic boxers undergoing a combat. This is a case-control study where participants were measured in two conditions: a) using headgear (HG) and b) without using headgear (NHG). Thus, 14 athletes (24.9±5.1 yrs.; 77.1±13.9 kg; 1.7±0.1 m; 14.4±6.4 % body fat) completed this protocol. Tests were carried out before and after the combat (3 rounds of 3' with 1' interval) as indicators of concussion (BtrackS concussion test, automatic and controlled executive function, direct and indirect memory). A technical-tactical analysis protocol was also applied to verify the effect of HG on the actions during the combat. The HG condition showed better performance on the BtrackS concussion test (30.3±11.3 vs. 38.5±12.2; p=0.039), automatic executive function (38.0±6.0 vs. 50.4±11.4; p=0.014), and controlled (55.3±8.1 vs. 76.4±11.5; p=0.016). There was a significant difference in the number of punches connected to the head (38.5±12.0 vs. 51.1±14.7 for HG and NHG respectively; p=0.047). Based on our aims and the results obtained, our data support the acute protective effect of using HG in amateur Olympic male boxing against the concussion indicators. Keywords: Combat sports, Boxing, Olympic Games, Brain concussion, Cognition, Sport rules

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a multicomponent physical exercise program on clinical variables associated with the glymphatic clearance system, sleep-awake patterns, and cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: This is a single-center parallel randomized controlled trial involving pre- and post-intervention assessments. The intervention consists of a 12 (±3)-week multicomponent aerobic and resistance physical exercise program of moderate intensity divided into 2 groups: an experimental group (undergoing multicomponent training) and a control group (no intervention). Eligible participants are those diagnosed with probable mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer’s disease. Expected results: Anticipated outcomes suggest that the multicomponent training protocol, incorporating both aerobic and resistance physical exercises at a moderate intensity, will yield improvements in glymphatic clearance dynamics, sleep-awake parameters, and performance on cognitive, functional, and behavioral tasks among eligible patients. Relevance: The need to move beyond cognitive clinical testing justifies our trial, which proposes an assessment employing neuroimaging techniques and the analysis of biomarkers present in cerebrospinal fluid in conjunction with clinical tests for physical and cognitive assessment.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical and psychiatric characteristics of older outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD), including psychiatric history (age of onset of symptoms,length of time with the illness, and number of psychiatric hospitalizations), mood state, and cognitive function. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where clinical and demographic data were obtained by a psychiatric interview with each patient and family members as well as by a review of medical records. The sample consisted of 20 individuals aged 60 years or older with a diagnosis of BD type I according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Descriptive data analysis was performed, with categorical variables expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: No patient had manic or depressive symptoms at the time of the evaluation; 15(75.0%) had an early onset while 5 (25.0%) had a late onset of the disease. Nine patients(45.0%) showed no cognitive decline whereas 11 (55.0%) showed mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions: This study presents an understudied group of patients with BD. Considering the personal impact and burden on the health system related to this psychiatric condition, it is recommended that further studies be conducted in this area to better evaluate this growing population.

This study aimed to measure the associative and predictive strength of biomechanical variables of the countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ), and performance of the bandal-chagi kick performed with the dominant (D) rear lower limb in elite Taekwondo Athletes. For this, a total of 27 international level athletes (15 males and 12 females) performed the CMJ and SJ on two force platforms. The bandal-chagi was monitored using a motion capture system (VICON). The main results indicated that non-dominant (ND) Stiffness for the CMJ showed predictive power alone (p=0.048) or in combination with eccentric breaking rating of force development (RFD) (p=0.031) for total hip angular speed. Takeoff peak force/BM for the SJ predicted total time (p=0.002). Concentric RFD/BM predicted total linear foot acceleration, either alone (p=0.001) or with vertical speed at takeoff (p=0.042). The total hip angular acceleration predictor was takeoff peak force D alone (p=0.019) or in combination with peak power/BM (p=0.041). In conclusion, CMJ and SJ tests showed specific associations with TKD kick performance. These analyses in this study indicated that they are good predictors for TKD athletes, producing results consistent with the participants’ levels. Keywords: Martial arts, Biomechanical Phenomena, Time-motion studies, Kinanthropometry, Motion Capture.

Abstract Background: Real-world, primary data on the treatment of psoriasis are scarce, especially concerning the role of soluble biomarkers as outcome predictors. Objective: The authors evaluated the utility of Th1/Th17 serum cytokines along with clinical characteristics as predictors of drug survival in the treatment of psoriasis. Methods: The authors consecutively included participants with moderate to severe psoriasis who were followed up for 6 years. Baseline interferon-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inter-leukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured using a cytometric bead array; clinical data were assessed. The authors calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for drug survival using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The authors included 262 patients, most of whom used systemic immunosuppressants or biologics. In the multivariate model, poor quality of life measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (HR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07; p = 0.012) and elevated baseline IL-6 (HR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.29–3.08; p = 0.002) were associated with treatment interruption. Study limitations: The main limitation of any cohort study is the presence of confounders that could not be detected in clinical evaluation. Conclusions: Poor quality of life and elevated baseline serum IL-6 level predicted treatment interruption in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Although IL-6 is not the most important mediator of the inflammatory pathway in the skin environment, it is an interesting biomarker candidate for predicting psoriasis treatment response.

In judo combat, the approach and gripping phases play a crucial role in determining victory, and it is believed that they can be influenced by the current rules. The objective of this study was to compare the technical-tactical actions executed by female judokas in the approach and gripping subphases during international competitions held in the 2016 and 2020 Olympic cycles, which featured different rules. We analyzed 1332 combat videos from the top 20 female judo athletes in the world rankings. These videos were equally distributed across weight divisions in the 2016 and 2020 Olympic cycles (48 kg = 132; 52 kg = 72; 57 kg = 109; 63 kg = 96; 70 kg = 69; 78 kg = 106; >78 kg = 82; total = 666 combats per cycle). The athletes in the 2020 cycle spent more time executing approach actions without contact with the judogi (formless: 2020 = 26.9; 2016 = 21.3 s; p 78 kg; p 78 kg; right dorsal = 63 kg; left dorsal = 63 kg, 78 kg; right collar left sleeve = 48 kg, 52 kg; right dorsal left sleeve = 78 kg; right dorsal left collar = 48 kg, 70 kg; right dorsal left dorsal = 48 kg, 63 kg; p

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can induce changes in the maternal immune response, with effects on pregnancy outcome and offspring. This is a cross-sectional observational study designed to characterize the immunological status of pregnant women with convalescent COVID-19 at distinct pregnancy trimesters. The study focused on providing a clear snapshot of the interplay among serum soluble mediators.MethodsA sample of 141 pregnant women from all prenatal periods (1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters) comprised patients with convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection at 3-20 weeks after symptoms onset (COVID, n=89) and a control group of pre-pandemic non-infected pregnant women (HC, n=52). Chemokine, pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokine and growth factor levels were quantified by a high-throughput microbeads array.ResultsIn the HC group, most serum soluble mediators progressively decreased towards the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, while higher chemokine, cytokine and growth factor levels were observed in the COVID patient group. Serum soluble mediator signatures and heatmap analysis pointed out that the major increase observed in the COVID group related to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-17). A larger set of biomarkers displayed an increased COVID/HC ratio towards the 2nd (3x increase) and the 3rd (3x to 15x increase) trimesters. Integrative network analysis demonstrated that HC pregnancy evolves with decreasing connectivity between pairs of serum soluble mediators towards the 3rd trimester. Although the COVID group exhibited a similar profile, the number of connections was remarkably lower throughout the pregnancy. Meanwhile, IL-1Ra, IL-10 and GM-CSF presented a preserved number of correlations (≥5 strong correlations in HC and COVID), IL-17, FGF-basic and VEGF lost connectivity throughout the pregnancy. IL-6 and CXCL8 were included in a set of acquired attributes, named COVID-selective (≥5 strong correlations in COVID and

PurposeCOVID-19 infection has been associated with a high risk of complications and death among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, there is little information on the simultaneous involvement in Latin American countries.MethodsIn the period between May 2020 and February 2021, an observational, longitudinal, prospective cohort study with two parallel branches was conducted in private and public hospitals in Brasilia, Brazil, including patients with ACS with and without a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during hospitalization.ResultsA total of 149 patients with ACS were included (75 with COVID-19 and 74 controls). Patients with COVID-19 exhibited an average of 62 years of age, 57% men, 40% diabetics, 67% hypertensive, 48% had an ACS with ST-segment elevation, Killip I was predominant, a low Syntax Score in 72%, with an average Grace Score of 117, and a length of hospitalization of 43 days in average. The control branch was similar in clinical characteristics, except for a lower proportion of ST-segment elevation ACS (16%, p < 0.01) and a higher incidence of arrhythmias (8 vs. 20 %, p = 0.03). Using the Cox regression method of analysis of covariates collected in the study, it was identified that patients with COVID-19 had a risk of death 2.34 times higher than patients without COVID-19 (p = 0.049).ConclusionIn this study conducted in a Latin American capital, SARS-CoV-2 infection predicted a higher chance of death in patients admitted with ACS, which is a finding that reinforces the need for greater care when diseases develop in overlapping ways.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is among the world's leading causes of blindness. In its neovascular form (nAMD), around 25% of patients present further anatomical and visual deterioration due to persistence of neovascular activity, despite gold-standard treatment protocols using intravitreal anti-VEGF medications. Thus, to comprehend, the molecular pathways that drive choroidal neoangiogenesis, associated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are important steps to elucidate the mechanistic events underneath the disease development. This is a pilot study, a prospective, translational experiment, in a real-life context aiming to evaluate the protein profiles of the aqueous humor of 15 patients divided into three groups: group 1, composed of patients with nAMD, who demonstrated a good response to anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during follow-up (good responsive); group 2, composed of patients with anti-VEGF-resistant nAMD, who demonstrated choroidal neovascularization activity during follow-up (poor/non-responsive); and group 3, composed of control patients without systemic diseases or signs of retinopathy. For proteomic characterization of the groups, mass spectrometry (label-free LC-MS/MS) was used. A total of 2,336 proteins were identified, of which 185 were distinctly regulated and allowed the differentiation of the clinical conditions analyzed. Among those, 39 proteins, including some novel ones, were analyzed as potential disease effectors through their pathophysiological implications in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, complement system, inflammatory pathways, and angiogenesis. So, this study suggests the participation of other promising biomarkers in neovascular AMD, in addition to the known VEGF.

Background: Low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) is an adjuvant method for heart failure (HF) patients with restrictions to start an exercise. However, the impact on molecular changes in circulating is unknown. We investigated the effects of 10 weeks of home-based LFES on plasma cytokines profile, redox biomarkers, metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity, and exercise performance in HF patients. Methods: Twenty-four HF patients (52.45 ± 9.15 years) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (EF < 40%), were randomly assigned to a home-based LFES or sham protocol. Plasma cytokines profile was assessed through interleukins, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor levels. Oxidative stress was evaluated through ferric reducing antioxidant power, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The MMPs activity were analyzed by zymography. Cardiorespiratory capacity and muscle strength were evaluated by cardiopulmonary test and isokinetic. Results: LFES was able to increase the active-MMP2 activity post compared to pre-training (0.057 to 0.163, p = 0.0001), while it decreased the active-MMP9 (0.135 to 0.093, p = 0.02). However, it did not elicit changes in cytokines, redox biomarkers, or exercise performance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: LFES protocol is a promising intervention to modulate MMPs activity in HFrEF patients, although with limited functional effects. These preliminary responses may help the muscle to adapt to future mechanical demands dynamically.

Leishmania braziliensis is the most important causal agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), and 3 to 5% of patients develop mucosal lesions. The mechanisms related to parasite and host immune interactions and the parasite life cycle that lead to dissemination to the mucosa are poorly understood. We aimed to detect L. braziliensis DNA in the nasal mucosa of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients with early mucous dissemination and to relate those findings to specific inflammatory responses. Nasal swabs were collected from patients with the cutaneous form of ATL. L. braziliensis DNA was investigated using TaqMan-based real-time PCR. The levels of serum cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-8) were measured by a multiplex cytometric array. A Poisson regression model was used to test prevalence ratios (PRs) and multivariate interactions of clinical and laboratory characteristics. Of the 79 CL patients, 24 (30%) had L. braziliensis DNA in the nasal mucosa. In the multivariate model, parasite DNA presence in mucosa was associated with a reduction in IL-12 levels (PR = 0.440; p=0.034), increased IL-6 levels (PR = 1.001; p=0.002) and a higher number of affected body segments (PR = 1.65; p

Resumo Objetivo investigar a associação entre a frequência de eventos estressores e citocinas em pessoas idosas longevas. Métodos os participantes responderam a um questionário constituído de variáveis sociodemográficas, indicaram quais eventos estressores constantes no Inventário de Eventos Estressores de vida ocorreram nos últimos cinco anos e responderam a escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS). Foram dosados por citometria de fluxo: interleucina (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α) e interferon gama (IFN-γ). A análise descritiva foi realizada para a caracterização da amostra. Para investigar a associação entre as variáveis foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando o método Backward. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 91 pessoas idosas com média de idade de 82 anos. Mais da metade da amostra relatou morte de ente querido como o evento estressor mais prevalente (61%). Nessa amostra foi possível perceber que quanto mais eventos estressores foram relatados, menor o nível de IL-4 (p=0,046), da mesma forma que o estado civil viuvez, onde os dados mostraram que quem é viúvo tem menos eventos estressores em comparação a quem é casado (p=0,037). Conclusão Evidenciou-se a importância de um olhar mais cuidadoso dos profissionais de saúde na avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa, de forma que se obtenham subsídios para a implementação de programas e intervenções específicos que possam amenizar a percepção dos eventos estressores vivenciados, colaborando com menores danos decorrentes da imunossenescência.

Obesity is considered a disease with multiple etiologies. Recent advances in technology have pointed candidate genes that are related to weight gain in several populations. However, in countries with ethnic miscegenation, such as Brazil, studies of this nature with students are still scarce. The aim of the present study was to compare anthropometric variables of Brazilian male students according to the genotypes of the rs9939609 of the FTO gene. In order to do so, 205 participants underwent body mass, height, waist circumference and skinfold thickness measurements. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were calculated. Volunteers were characterized as overweight according to the BMI-for-age z-score. Participants were genotyped according to the single nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene (AA, AT and TT). ANOVA one-way with Bonferroni’s post hoc was performed to compare genotypes and anthropometric variables. Odds Ratio was calculated to reveal increased chances of presenting higher body mass index z-score, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage. Participants homozygous for the A allele presented significantly higher values of BMI-for-age z-score (0.38±1.01 vs. -0.29±1.15), waist circumference (77.15±6.51 vs. 72.85±7.36 cm) and waist-to-height ratio (0.44±0.04 vs. 0.42±0.04) when compared to individuals with the TT genotype. The A allele of the rs9939609 of the FTO gene seems to influence in the adiposity of male students.

With the increase in life expectancy, the Brazilian elderly population has risen considerably. However, longevity is usually accompanied by problems such as the loss of functional capacity, cognitive decline, frailty syndrome, and deterioration in anthropometric parameters, particularly among those living in long-term care facilities. This randomized controlled trial aimed to verify the effects of exercise training on biochemical, inflammatory, and anthropometric indices and functional performance in institutionalized frail elderly. The sample consisted of 37 elderly people of both genders, aged 76.1 ± 7.7 years, who were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 13 individuals in the exercise group (EG) and 24 in the control group (CG). Anthropometrics, clinical history, functional tests, and biochemical evaluation were measured before and after the completion of a physical exercise program, which lasted for 12 weeks. The 12-week exercise program for frail elderly residents in a long-term care facility was efficient in improving muscle strength, speed, agility, and biochemical variables, with reversal of the frailty condition in a considerable number. However, no effects in anthropometric and inflammatory parameters were noted.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Genetic and epigenetic alterations play a decisive role in the onset of several human neoplasms. Mutations and polymorphisms are two frequent genetic alterations. Located on chromosome 19 (19p13.11), the NIS SLC5A5 (solute carrier family 5 member 5) gene encodes a highly specialized and efficient 80–90 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates active transport of iodide from the bloodstream into the follicular cells. Given the highly significant role of NIS in the physiology and the cancer pathogenesis process, this paper’s objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the associations between NIS gene and protein with papillary thyroid cancer.

Objetivou-se verificar a dependência nicotínica e as razões para fumar em indivíduos idosos fumantes institucionalizados. Investigada a correlação entre o grau de dependência nicotínica e os aspectos motivadores da adição tabágica em indivíduos idosos institucionalizados. Foram estudados tabagistas com 60 anos ou mais de idade, internados em instituição de longa permanência no Distrito Federal. Estes indivíduos responderam às questões dos seguintes instrumentos: mini-exame do estado mental, questionário de tolerância nicotínica de Fagerström e escala razão para fumar modificada. De 61 idosos institucionalizados, 20 eram fumantes (32,8%), sendo 4 mulheres e 16 homens, com idade variando de 60 a 89 anos. Com relação à distribuição da dependência nicotínica, notou-se predomínio da categoria grave (80,0%), havendo 10% na categoria leve e 10% na moderada. Entre os motivos para fumar, houve predomínio dos componentes prazer (4,4±0,7) e redução da tensão-relaxamento (4,4±0,8). A correlação entre dependência nicotínica e motivos para fumar mostrou-se significativa para os componentes hábito/ automatismo (p=0,0165) e manuseio (p=0,0079). Constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos tabagistas institucionalizados classificaram-se como dependentes graves à nicotina, sendo que os principais motivos para o fumo foram o prazer em fumar e a redução da tensão-relaxamento.

Physical activity and body fat modify lipemia, and this effect seems to be influenced by apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene polymorphism. Thus, the purpose of this article was to review main results of studies that have analyzed the relation of APOE gene with physical activity and body fat on triglycerides, total cholesterol and low (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. The Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO, Web of Science and PubMed database were used to locate the articles. The keywords used in combination were: apoe genotype, apolipoprotein-E polymorphism, physical exercise, physical activity, aerobic exercise, body fat and obesity. Originals scientific investigations performed with humans were included, and excluded those ones which involved samples with diseases, except obesity and/or lipemic disorders. It was observed a trend, that ε2 allele carriers are the ones with the greater improvements on lipemia from physical exercise. In addition, the body fat impact on the elevation of triglycerides and LDL are stronger in carriers of the ε2 and ε4 allele, respectively. Considering the small number of originals scientific investigations and their divergent results, reliable inferences can not be made about the APOE gene polymorphism influences on physical activity and body fat effect on lipemia. Thus, further studies with others populations and more volunteers for allele, as well as others exercise modalities and intensities, are necessary.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of sleep disorder at a follow-up examination from 1 to 4 years, in demented patients diagnosed at first visit, besides analyzing associated demographic and comorbidities characteristics. Methods: A total of 122 elderly patients aged 60 years or older and diagnosed with dementia (Alzheimer and other) were followed in a reference geriatric center for dementia. The clinical protocols included interviews with patient and caregiver, complete physical examination, laboratory and imaging tests. Criteria for the diagnosis of sleep disorder included complain of insomnia from the patient or caregiver using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory nighttime. Results: The incidence density of sleep disorder among dements was 18.7/100 person/years. The risk of developing sleep disorder within the frst and fourth years of follow-up was 9.8% and 50.9%, respectively. Multivariate Coxregression analysis revealed that educational level less than 8 years and report of aggressiveness at baseline were an independent predictor of sleep disorder, increased risk in 3.1 (95%CI: 1.30-9.22) and 2.1 times (95%CI: 1.16-4.17), respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of sleep disorder in demented patients was elevated, and was particularly associated to low educational level and aggressiveness at admission.

Ao longo do processo de envelhecimento observa-se complexa remodelagem do sistema imunitário. Estas alterações estão associadas ao desenvolvimento de patologias responsáveis por grande parte da mortalidade em população idosa. Recentemente, a prática regular de atividades físicas tem sido proposta como intervenção não-medicamentosa com amplos benefícios sobre a regulação de processos decorrentes da imunossenescênia. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho revisou e discutiu estudos que abordam a ação de mediadores pró-inflamatórios crônicos e possíveis ações do exercício físico como agente antiinflamatório. Baseado nos resultados de estudos na literatura sugere-se que, em conjunto, a interleucina-6 (IL-6) e o fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF- α) são as principais citocinas associadas à aterosclerose, sarcopenia e déficits cognitivos. Embora os mecanismos não sejam totalmente elucidados, o exercício reduz a atividade de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e aumenta a liberação de substancias anti-inflamatórias.During the aging is observed complex remodeling of immune system. These changes are associated with the development of diseases responsible for much of the mortality in the elderly. Recently, the regular practice of exercise has been proposed as an intervention non-medication with broad benefits on regulation processes arising from Immunosenescence. In sense, this paper reviewed and discussed studies addressing the action of pro-inflammatory mediator's chronic and possible actions of physical exercise as anti-inflammatory agent. Based on the results of studies in the literature suggest that, together, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are the main cytokines associated with atherosclerosis, sarcopenia and cognitive deficits. Though mechanisms are not fully elucidated, the Exercise reduces the activity of pro-inflammatory and increases the release of anti-inflammatory substances.

FUNDAMENTO: Devido à necessidade de mensurar as variáveis antropométricas, bioquímicas e hemodinâmicas para o diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica, percebe-se a dificuldade da avaliação de grandes populações, principalmente em crianças, provocada pelo difícil acesso e pelo caráter invasivo. É premente a necessidade de desenvolverem-se formas diagnósticas de fácil aplicação, boa precisão e baixo custo, com a finalidade de predizer a síndrome metabólica já nas idades iniciais. OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica em crianças e testar os indicadores antropométricos com capacidade preditiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 109 crianças, de 7 a 11 anos. Utilizou-se o critério National Cholesterol Education Program para o diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica, adaptado à idade. Como possíveis preditores, foram testados: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), índice de conicidade (índice C) e o percentual de gordura corporal. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da síndrome metabólica foi de 13,3% e 36% para meninos e meninas, respectivamente. Os principais indicadores antropométricos foram: IMC = 0,81 (0,69 - 0,94), CC = 0,79 (0,64 - 0,94), gordura corporal = 0,79 (0,66 - 0,92) e RCQ = 0,37 (0,21 - 0,54). CONCLUSÃO: Foram considerados fatores preditores da síndrome metabólica a CC superior a 78 cm, a gordura corporal superior a 41% e o IMC superior a 24,5 kg/m². O índice C e a RCQ não foram considerados preditores.

INTRODUCTION: Postprandial lipemia is characterized by an increased concentration of circulating lipids after fat intake and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is known to reduce postprandial lipemia and its negative clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise using the same energy expenditure in postprandial lipemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy men (aged 21.5 + 3.5 years) performed a random sequence of either rest or 500 Kcal tests separated by a minimum 48 h interval as follows: (a) no exercise (control), (b) intense intermittent exercise, or (c) moderate continuous exercise. Each test series was completed 30 min before ingestion of a high-fat meal (1 g fat/kg). Venous blood was collected before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after the high-fat meal. Postprandial lipemia was assessed using the area under the curve approach as well as a kinetic profile of mean lipid variables. Statistical significance was tested at the p

FUNDAMENTO: O teste de Stroop requer que o indivíduo responda a elementos específicos de um estímulo enquanto inibe processos mais automatizados. OBJETIVO: Comparar a reatividade cardiovascular induzida pela versão computadorizada do teste palavra-cor de Stroop - TESTINPACS® com versão tradicional baseada na leitura de palavras impressas. MÉTODOS: A amostra de conveniência foi constituída por 20 mulheres (22,4 ± 4,1 anos). Análises de variância com medidas repetidas foram utilizadas para comparar efeitos principais entre testes (computadorizado, verbal), assim como entre etapas do teste (linha de base, Stroop 1, Stroop 3) das variáveis fisiológicas (pressão arterial, arritmia sinusal respiratória, frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória). Testes t para amostras pareadas foram utilizados para comparar as médias pressóricas entre o Stroop 3 e a linha de base. Ademais, a magnitude dos efeitos (d') foi estimada a fim avaliar o impacto das diferenças entre as medidas fisiológicas relativas ao Stroop 3 e a linha de base. RESULTADOS: As duas versões do instrumento produziram elevação significativa em frequência cardíaca (pFUNDAMENTO: El test de Stroop requiere que el individuo responda a elementos específicos de un estímulo mientras inhibe procesos más automatizados. OBJETIVO: Comparar la reactividad cardiovascular inducida por la versión computarizada del test de colores y palabras Stroop - TESTINPACS® con la versión tradicional basada en la lectura de palabras impresas. MÉTODOS: La muestra de conveniencia estuvo constituida por 20 mujeres (22,4 ± 4,1 años). Se utilizaron análisis de varianza con medidas repetidas para comparar efectos principales entre ambos test (computarizado, verbal), así como entre etapas del test (línea de base, Stroop1, Stroop 3) de las variables fisiológicas (presión arterial, arritmia sinusal respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca y frecuencia respiratoria). Para comparar los promedios presóricos entre el Stroop 3 y la línea de base, se utilizaron test t para muestras apareadas. Además, a fin evaluar el impacto de las diferencias entre las medidas fisiológicas relativas al Stroop 3 y la línea de base, se estimó la magnitud de los efectos (d'). RESULTADOS: Las dos versiones del instrumento produjeron una elevación significativa en la frecuencia cardiaca (p < 0,01) y la presión arterial sistólica (p < 0,05) cuando se compararon las mediciones resultantes del Stroop 3 a las de base. Sin embargo, no se verificaron diferencias significativas producidas por las diferentes versiones del test sobre las demás variables investigadas. Las estadísticas d' confirmaron la gran magnitud de los efectos (-1,04 a +1,49) entre las mediciones del Stroop 3 y de la línea de base. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que la presente versión computarizada TESTINPACS® del test de Stroop constituye un instrumento útil para inducir reactividad cardiovascular en mujeres.BACKGROUND: The Stroop test requires the individual to respond to specific elements of a stimulus, whereas inhibiting more automated processes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cardiovascular reactivity induced by the computerized version of the Stroop word-color test TESTINPACS® with the traditional version based on the reading of printed words. METHODS: The sample of convenience consisted of 20 women (22.4 ± 4.1 years). Analyses of variance with repeated measures were used to compare the main effects between the tests (computerized vs verbal), as well as between phases of the test (baseline, Stroop 1, Stroop 3) on the physiological variables (arterial pressure, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart failure and respiratory rate). The t tests for paired samples were used to compare the pressure means between Stroop 3 and baseline. Additionally, the magnitude of the effects (d') was estimated in order to assess the impact of the changes in the physiological measurements between Stroop 3 and the baseline. RESULTS: The two versions of the assessment tool caused significant increase in heart rate (p

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito de uma sessão de exercício abaixo do limiar anaeróbio sobre as funções de neutrófilos e monócitos circulantes em ratos Wistar. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trata-se de um delineamento experimental com um pós-teste em que os sujeitos do grupo experimental exercitaram-se na água por 30 minutos enquanto controles não foram submetidos a qualquer intervenção. A atividade funcional dos fagócitos circulantes foi avaliada por ensaio de fagocitose de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e pelo teste de redução de nitroazul de tetrazólio (NBT). Para comparação entre as médias dos grupos, utilizaram-se testes t para amostras independentes com p < 0,05. RESULTADO: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número total e diferencial de leucócitos entre os grupos. Entretanto, neutrófilos do grupo experimental não apenas fagocitaram mais S. cerevisiae (p = 0,005) como também foram mais eficientes em reduzir NBT (p = 0,018) em relação aos controles. Não existiram diferenças significativas na atividade funcional dos monócitos entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício realizado com intensidade abaixo do limiar anaeróbio foi suficiente para incrementar a atividade fagocítica e microbicida de neutrófilos em modelo animal, o mesmo não sendo observado para monócitos circulantes.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a single session of exercise conducted below the anaerobic threshold on the functions of neutrophils and circulating monocytes in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study had an experimental design with a single post-test in which subjects of the experimental group exercised in water for 30 minutes, whereas the control group was not submitted to any intervention. Functional capacity of circulating phagocytes was assessed by means of a phagocytosis assay of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. To compare means between groups, t tests for independent samples were used with p set at < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences as to the total and differential number of leucocytes between groups. Nonetheless, not only did the neutrophils of the experimental group phagocyte more S. cerevisiae (p = 0.005), but they also reduced NBT more efficiently (p = 0.018) in comparison with control subjects. No significant differences in these functional activities were observed in circulating monocytes. CONCLUSION: The exercise performed below the anaerobic threshold was sufficient to increase both phagocytic and microbicide activities of neutrophils in animal model, but the same protocol did not yield similar results for circulating monocytes.

These data describe the effects of combined aerobic plus resistance training (CT) with regards to risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS), quality of life, functional capacity, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with MetS. In this context, thirteen women (35.4 ± 6.2 yr) completed 10 weeks of CT consisting of three weekly sessions of ~60 min aerobic training (treadmill at 65-70% of reserve heart rate, 30 min) and resistance training (3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum for main muscle groups). Dependent variables were maximum chest press strength; isometric hand-grip strength; 30 s chair stand test; six minute walk test; body mass; body mass index; body adiposity index; waist circumference; systolic (SBP), diastolic and mean blood pressure (MBP); blood glucose; HDL-C; triglycerides; interleukins (IL) 6, 10 and 12, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and serum nitric oxide metabolite (NOx); quality of life (SF-36) and Z-Score of MetS. There was an improvement in muscle strength on chest press (p = 0.009), isometric hand-grip strength (p = 0.03) and 30 s chair stand (p = 0.007). There was a decrease in SBP (p = 0.049), MBP (p = 0.041), Z-Score of MetS (p = 0.046), OPG (0.42 ± 0.26 to 0.38 ± 0.19 ng/mL, p