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En este artículo, se analiza la evaluación desde una perspectiva reflexiva y panorámica, ya que debe responder a un modelo pedagógico, de tal manera que se empoderen los actos pedagógicos en coherencia epistemológica, y dé paso a una práctica pedagógica y evaluativa consistente. En relación con ésta idea, Gimeno Sacristán define práctica evaluativa como: “una actividad que se desarrolla siguiendo unos usos, que cumple múltiples funciones, que se apoya en una serie de ideas y formas de realizarla y que es la respuesta a unos determinados condicionamientos de la enseñanza institucionalizada”. Por tanto, se puede decir que las prácticas evaluativas del aprendizaje llevada a cabo por los docentes, son un conjunto de acciones mediadas por fines, objetos, métodos y sujetos, orientadas por los actores del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje en consonancia con los intereses de las instituciones educativas. La práctica evaluativa de los aprendizajes debe poseer un carácter interpretativo, y ser entendida y construida desde el individuo, es decir, que contemple los marcos éticos y morales que particularizan el ser humano, con el fin de producir un equilibrio entre los intereses políticos inherentes a las instituciones educativas y la misma educación, para ello, no es posible confundir la acción hermenéutica de la evaluación con la mera recopilación de datos obtenidos por instrumentos. En síntesis, la finalidad formadora de la evaluación tiende por el mejoramientono sólo del aprendizaje de cada uno de los estudiantes, sino también, por la del currículo en sí y de la misma práctica docente orienta.

El proyecto de investigación denominado el Método Polya como estrategia pedagógica para la resolución de problemas matemáticos tuvo como objetivo general el desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos básicos o inferiores de los estudiantes de grado tercero, los cuales facilitaron la resolución de problemas matemáticos. La metodología empleada fue con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, en la práctica pedagógica del aula, la unidad de trabajo se seleccionó intencionalmente y estuvo conformada por los dieciocho estudiantes de grado tercero de primaria y cuya problemática más relevante fue la falta de seguimientos o procesos para resolver problemas matemáticos, es decir. Entre las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de la información se utilizó la observación directa, diario de campo, prueba diagnóstica, talleres y posprueba, que permitieron indagar sobre las características propias del sujeto objeto de estudio frente a las distintas dificultades que impiden la apropiada resolución de los problemas. Por consiguiente, se adoptó e implemento el Método Polya con sus respectivos procesos, dando como resultado un notable mejoramiento del desempeño de los estudiantes en la resolución de problemas.

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad analizar los estudios que se han realizado en la reflexión del profesorado sobre sus prácticas pedagógicas desde la perspectiva de la neuroeducación. La metodología respondió a un análisis documental de investigaciones previas, en torno a la práctica pedagógica, los procesos de autoevaluación y autorregulación en la práctica pedagógica y los lineamientos de integración de la neuroeducación y el pensamiento reflexivo en la práctica pedagógica. De lo cual se concluye que existe diversidad de estudios, sin embargo aún se complementa con indagaciones acerca de la neuroeducación como una ventaja competitiva en la pedagogía, y el docente como sujeto de saber pedagógico debe conceptualizar y operacionalizar sus herramientas educacionales a partir del desarrollo autónomo del estudiante, permitiéndole la autoevaluación y autorregulación de sus procesos pedagógicos dentro del contexto educativo, con la finalidad de aportar a mejorar la enseñanza y aprendizaje.

Resumen Introducción: La copa menstrual (CM) es un dispositivo diseñado para apoyar a la mujer durante el manejo de su higiene menstrual. Objetivo: Caracterizar la literatura existente en torno al uso de la CM, como una alternativa de higiene femenina. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura de estudios publicados en los metabuscadores Proquest, Google Scholar, Pubmed y a través del rastreo manual de los artículos divulgados en revistas no indexadas a las bases de datos mencionadas. Los términos MESH fueron combinados con operadores booleanos permitiendo la elaboración de ecuaciones de búsqueda. Posterior a la selección de los estudios catalogados como elegibles, los investigadores procedieron a implementar las listas de verificación propuestas por la Critical Appraisal Skills Programme español (CASPe) y la Iniciativa MINCIR. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 21 estudios que superaron el 75% de los criterios evaluados en las listas de verificación. El proceso de sistematización de los datos expresados en los estudios permitió la constitución de tres ejes temáticos sobre los cuales gira la literatura en esta área, que corresponden a: I. La CM en el desarrollo de la higiene femenina, II. Beneficios y desventajas del uso de la CM, III. Factores socioculturales asociados a la higiene menstrual. Conclusiones: La CM es un dispositivo que puede aportar grandes beneficios a la higiene menstrual como un elemento moderno, discreto, económico y amigable con el medio ambiente.

espanolEn este articulo se dan a conocer los resultados de una investigacion que implico la vinculacion de universidades acreditadas y registradas en la Asociacion Colombiana de Universidades (ascun), sobre el pensamiento del mejor profesor y su quehacer en el aula. La informacion fue valorada desde cada universidad. En este escenario la informacion obtenida se clasifico en tres categorias: concepciones epistemologicas empiropositivas, concepciones epistemologicas constructivistas, concepciones de ensenanza empiropositivista, concepciones de ensenanza constructivistas, concepciones de aprendizaje empiropositivistas y concepciones de aprendizaje constructivistas, en un contexto de lo pedagogico y lo didactico. Se implemento el paradigma plurimetodico, con dominancia cuantitativa y complementariedad cualitativa; el tipo de investigacion fue descriptivo comprensivo. Desde lo comprensivo, se complemento el sentido y el significado de las concepciones que subyacen en las practicas del mejor profesor de los programas acreditados a traves de las estrategias de ensenanza, aprendizaje y evaluacion. Entre las conclusiones es importante enunciar que mantienen concepciones eclecticas de aprendizaje, ensenanza y ciencia. Respecto de sus practicas de ensenanza, se evidencian posturas intermedias. Desde lo cualitativo, el significado de las concepciones didacticas desde el aprendizaje y la docencia se ha descubierto que hay un acendrado enfoque constructivista; mas, desde el significado de los terminos que desde su practica. EnglishThis paper shares the results of a research on the thoughts about the best teacher and his/her actions in the classroom, which entailed the participation of universities accredited and registered before the Colombian Association of Universities (ascun). The information was evaluated at each university. In this scenario, the information obtained was classified into three categories: empiropositive epistemological conceptions, constructivist epistemological conceptions, empiropositivist teaching conceptions, constructivist teaching conceptions, in a context of pedagogy and didactics. The polymethodic paradigm was implemented, predominantly quantitative and complementarily qualitative; the research was descriptive and comprehensive in nature. From the comprehensive point of view, the sense and meaning of the conceptions underlying the practice of the best teacher from accredited programs through the teaching, learning and evaluation strategies. One of the most important conclusions is that there are still eclectic conceptions of learning, teaching and science. As for their teaching practices, the study revealed intermediate positions. From a qualitative point of view, the meaning of the didactic conceptions from learning and teaching has been found to have an acute constructivist approach from the meaning of the terms rather than from its practice. portuguesNeste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que envolveu a vinculacao de universidades credenciadas e registradas na Associacao Colombiana de Universidades (ascun), sobre o pensamento do melhor professor e seu trabalho na sala de aula. As informacoes foram valoradas desde cada universidade. Neste cenario, as informacoes obtidas foram classificadas em tres categorias: concepcoes epistemologicas empiropostitivistas, concepcoes epistemologicas construtivistas, concepcoes de ensino empiropositivista, concepcoes de ensino construtivistas, em um contexto do pedagogico e o didatico. Implementamos o paradigma plurimetodico, com dominância quantitativa e complementaridade qualitativa; o tipo de pesquisa foi descritivo compreensivo. Desde o comprensivo, complementamos o sentido e o significado das concepcoes que subjazem nas praticas do melhor professor dos programas credenciados atraves das estrategias de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliacao. Entre as conclusoes e importante assinalar que e esses professores mantem concepcoes ecleticas da aprendizagem, o ensino e a ciencia. Ao respeito de suas praticas de ensino, evidenciamos posturas intermedias. Desde o qualitativo, o significado das concepcoes didaticas desde a aprendizagem e a docencia esta influenciado por um enfoque construtivista desde o significado desde seus termos mais do que da sua pratica.

Resumen Introducción: La copa menstrual (CM) es un dispositivo diseñado para apoyar a la mujer durante el manejo de su higiene menstrual. Objetivo: Caracterizar la literatura existente en torno al uso de la CM, como una alternativa de higiene femenina. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura de estudios publicados en los metabuscadores Proquest, Google Scholar, Pubmed y a través del rastreo manual de los artículos divulgados en revistas no indexadas a las bases de datos mencionadas. Los términos MESH fueron combinados con operadores booleanos permitiendo la elaboración de ecuaciones de búsqueda. Posterior a la selección de los estudios catalogados como elegibles, los investigadores procedieron a implementar las listas de verificación propuestas por la Critical Appraisal Skills Programme español (CASPe) y la Iniciativa MINCIR. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 21 estudios que superaron el 75% de los criterios evaluados en las listas de verificación. El proceso de sistematización de los datos expresados en los estudios permitió la constitución de tres ejes temáticos sobre los cuales gira la literatura en esta área, que corresponden a: I. La CM en el desarrollo de la higiene femenina, II. Beneficios y desventajas del uso de la CM, III. Factores socioculturales asociados a la higiene menstrual. Conclusiones: La CM es un dispositivo que puede aportar grandes beneficios a la higiene menstrual como un elemento moderno, discreto, económico y amigable con el medio ambiente. ABSTRACT Introduction: The menstrual cup is a device designed to support the woman during the management of her menstrual hygiene. Objective: To characterize the existing literature about the menstrual cup use, as an alternative of feminine hygiene. Methodology: Literature review of studies published in the search engines Proquest, Google Scholar, Pubmed and by means of manual tracking of the articles spread in not indexed journals to the databases mentioned above. The MESH terms were mixed with booleanos operators allowing the elaboration of searching equations. Subsequent to the section of studies denominated as eligible, the researchers proceeded to implement the check list proposed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme español (CASPe) and MINCIR list. Results: It was included 21 studies that overcame the 75% of the criteria evaluated in the check lists. The systematic data process in the studies allowed the conformation of three thematic axes, which revolve around the literature in this area, that correspond to: I. The CM in the development of feminine hygiene, II. Benefits and disadvantages of the use of CM, III. Sociocultural factors associated with menstrual hygiene. Conclusions: CM is a device that can bring great benefits to menstrual hygiene as a modern, discreet, economical and environmentally friendly element.

In the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, multiple smart devices communicate among themselves and with people. Similarly, they are primarily characterized by remarkable detection and processing capabilities. On the other hand, a services composition (SC) task involves performing the orchestration or choreography of services. Services orchestration is a centralized process for organizing interactions among the services of an activity or business process; however, orchestrators involved in a same services orchestration task rarely know each other. The choreography of services is collaborative, allowing each involved party to describe their participation in the interaction. The choreography follows the sequences of the messages between the multiple parties and typically obtains the exchanges in the public messages that occur between the services, instead of a specific business process that a single party executes. SC is frequently studied in the context of Web services (WS), where a series of standards have been developed and used in real-world implementations to support SC. Unfortunately, these standards are inadequate in the IoT paradigm, since IoT devices are based on data/events and the resources are restricted. Healthcare is an important application area of the IoT, since is reducing costs and improves to improve service quality. On the other hand, in the healthcare supply chain, the flow of diverse services that allow the integration and coordination of processes to satisfy the patient’s requirements is required. This book chapter proposes the design of language for IoT services composition, which considers the services orchestration and choreography to define business processes in a supply chain in the healthcare domain, while simultaneously discussing important literature on SC, business process, IoT services orchestration, IoT services choreography and IoT services coordination. Additionally, we propose the design of our language for IoT services composition, presenting the expressivity of language, the services orchestrating process characteristics and the services choreography process characteristics. In addition, as a proof-of-concept, we present a study case of the IoT services orchestration and choreography in the healthcare domain, in a timely procurement process of services for overweight or obese patients. Finally, the modeling of the study case and the mapping of the labels of the services’ orchestration and choreography process for the language for IoT services composition are presented.

Resumen En este artículo se dan a conocer los resultados de una investigación que implicó la vinculación de universidades acreditadas y registradas en la Asociación Colombiana de Universidades (ASCÚN), sobre el pensamiento del mejor profesor y su quehacer en el aula. La información fue valorada desde cada universidad. En este escenario la información obtenida se clasificó en tres categorías: concepciones epistemológicas empiropositivas, concepciones epistemológicas constructivistas, concepciones de enseñanza empiropositivista, concepciones de enseñanza constructivistas, concepciones de aprendizaje empiropositivistas y concepciones de aprendizaje constructivistas, en un contexto de lo pedagógico y lo didáctico. Se implementó el paradigma plurimetódico, con dominancia cuantitativa y complementariedad cualitativa; el tipo de investigación fue descriptivo comprensivo. Desde lo comprensivo, se complementó el sentido y el significado de las concepciones que subyacen en las prácticas del mejor profesor de los programas acreditados a través de las estrategias de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación. Entre las conclusiones es importante enunciar que mantienen concepciones eclécticas de aprendizaje, enseñanza y ciencia. Respecto de sus prácticas de enseñanza, se evidencian posturas intermedias. Desde lo cualitativo, el significado de las concepciones didácticas desde el aprendizaje y la docencia se ha descubierto que hay un acendrado enfoque constructivista; más, desde el significado de los términos que desde su práctica. Abstract This paper shares the results of a research on the thoughts about the best teacher and his/her actions in the classroom, which entailed the participation of universities accredited and registered before the Colombian Association of Universities (ASCÚN). The information was evaluated at each university. In this scenario, the information obtained was classified into three categories: empiropositive epistemological conceptions, constructivist epistemological conceptions, empiropositivist teaching conceptions, constructivist teaching conceptions, in a context of pedagogy and didactics. The polymethodic paradigm was implemented, predominantly quantitative and complementarily qualitative; the research was descriptive and comprehensive in nature. From the comprehensive point of view, the sense and meaning of the conceptions underlying the practice of the best teacher from accredited programs through the teaching, learning and evaluation strategies. One of the most important conclusions is that there are still eclectic conceptions of learning, teaching and science. As for their teaching practices, the study revealed intermediate positions. From a qualitative point of view, the meaning of the didactic conceptions from learning and teaching has been found to have an acute constructivist approach from the meaning of the terms rather than from its practice. Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que envolveu a vinculação de universidades credenciadas e registradas na Associação Colombiana de Universidades (ASCÚN), sobre o pensamento do melhor professor e seu trabalho na sala de aula. As informações foram valoradas desde cada universidade. Neste cenário, as informações obtidas foram classificadas em três categorias: concepções epistemológicas empiropostitivistas, concepções epistemológicas construtivistas, concepções de ensino empiropositivista, concepções de ensino construtivistas, em um contexto do pedagógico e o didático. Implementamos o paradigma plurimetódico, com dominância quantitativa e complementaridade qualitativa; o tipo de pesquisa foi descritivo compreensivo. Desde o comprensivo, complementamos o sentido e o significado das concepções que subjazem nas práticas do melhor professor dos programas credenciados através das estratégias de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação. Entre as conclusões é importante assinalar que e esses professores mantêm concepções ecléticas da aprendizagem, o ensino e a ciência. Ao respeito de suas práticas de ensino, evidenciamos posturas intermédias. Desde o qualitativo, o significado das concepções didáticas desde a aprendizagem e a docência está influenciado por um enfoque construtivista desde o significado desde seus termos mais do que da sua prática.

The structure of the dimeric eudesmanolide hydroxy-bis-dihydrofarinosin (1) from Encelia farinosa followed after contrasting their 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra with those of encelin (6), hydroxy-bis-dihydroencelin (3), and farinosin (4). Structure 1 was verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which further provided the stereochemistry of the hydroxy group at C-4. Comparison of the experimental vibrational circular dichroism spectrum of its derived diacetate 2 with that calculated by density functional theory provided the absolute configuration, which resulted the same as that of its biogenetic precursor 4. Evaluation of several chemical shift differences between the two eudesmanolide fragments of 1 and 3 allows also ascertaining the yet not reported absolute configuration of the C-4 stereogenic center of 3. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Energy efficiency has aroused great interest in research worldwide, because energy consumption has increased in recent years, especially in the residential sector. The advances in energy conversion, along with new forms of communication, and information technologies have paved the way for what is now known as smart homes. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the convergence of various heterogeneous technologies from different application domains that are used to interconnect things through the Internet, thus allowing for the detection, monitoring, and remote control of multiple devices. Home automation systems (HAS) combined with IoT, big data technologies, and machine learning are alternatives that promise to contribute to greater energy efficiency. This work presents HEMS-IoT, a big data and machine learning-based smart home energy management system for home comfort, safety, and energy saving. We used the J48 machine learning algorithm and Weka API to learn user behaviors and energy consumption patterns and classify houses with respect to energy consumption. Likewise, we relied on RuleML and Apache Mahout to generate energy-saving recommendations based on user preferences to preserve smart home comfort and safety. To validate our system, we present a case study where we monitor a smart home to ensure comfort and safety and reduce energy consumption.

Flux ropes are now generally accepted to be the magnetic configuration of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which may be formed prior to or during solar eruptions. In this study, we model the flux rope as a current-carrying partial torus loop with its two footpoints anchored in the photosphere, and investigate its stability in the context of the torus instability (TI). Previous studies on TI have focused on the configuration of a circular torus and revealed the existence of a critical decay index of the overlying constraining magnetic field. Our study reveals that the critical index is a function of the fractional number of the partial torus, defined by the ratio between the arc length of the partial torus above the photosphere and the circumference of a circular torus of equal radius. We refer to this finding as the partial torus instability (PTI). It is found that a partial torus with a smaller fractional number has a smaller critical index, thus requiring a more gradually decreasing magnetic field to stabilize the flux rope. On the other hand, a partial torus with a larger fractional number has a larger critical index. In the limit of a circular torus when the fractional number approaches 1, the critical index goes to a maximum value. We demonstrate that the PTI helps us to understand the confinement, growth, and eventual eruption of a flux-rope CME.

We report on several new findings regarding the kinematic and morphological evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere using the unprecedented STEREO/SECCHI observations. The CME tracking is based on the three-dimensional Raytrace model, which is free of the projection effect, resulting in true CME velocities. We also measure the cross section size of the CME and hence its expansion velocity. For the four major CME events investigated, we find that their leading edge (LE) velocity converges from an initial range between 400 km s{sup -1} and 1500 km s{sup -1} at 5-10 R{sub sun} to a narrow range between 500 km s{sup -1} and 750 km s{sup -1} at 50 R{sub sun}. The expansion velocity is also found to converge into a narrow range between 75 km s{sup -1} and 175 km s{sup -1}. Both LE and expansion velocities are nearly constant after 50 R{sub sun}. We further find that the acceleration of CMEs in the inner heliosphere from {approx}10 to 90 R{sub sun} can be described by an exponential function, with an initial value as large as {approx}-80 m s{sup -2} but exponentially decreasing to almost zero (more precisely, less than {+-}5 m s{sup -2} consideringmore » the uncertainty of measurements). These results provide important observational constraints on understanding CME dynamics in interplanetary space.« less

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) nodes are commonly designed to work with limited resources of memory, energy and processing. The routing protocol is one of the key components of WSNs and its features impact network performance significantly. We present an efficient Multi-Parent Hierarchical (MPH) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks; its main goal is to achieve reliable delivery of data in a single sink scenario while keeping low overhead, reduced latency and low energy consumption. The main features of MPH are self-configuration, hierarchical topology, persistence according to link quality, and source routing from sink to nodes. Network performance simulations of the MPH routing protocol are carried out and compared with two popular protocols, AODV, DSR and with the well-known algorithm ZTR (Zigbee Tree Routing). Results show that for the single sink scenario, the MPH protocol has an energy saving of 35% against AODV and DSR protocols and 8% compared with ZTR. MPH has 27% less overhead compared with AODV and DSR. And MPH presents a 10% increase in packet delivery compared with AODV, DSR and ZTR. Finally, we present a real WSN built based on the MPH protocol, which works satisfactorily, providing an experimental demonstration of the capabilities of the protocol.

The field of modal logic programming has been developed to extend the expressiveness of logic programming. By introducing the modal operators of necessity and possibility within the language of Horn clauses, modal logic programming languages retain its declarative nature without resorting to non-logical features. DL Prolog is a modal logic programming language extending pure Prolog with dynamic logic modalities able to embed efficient imperative programs, while retaining a declarative reading. Furthermore it provides the means to isolate non-logical features of metapredicates (like cut and is) into semantically equivalent dynamic logic modalities. The contributions of this paper are twofold: firstly, the application of the dynamic logic-based modal Prolog to embed efficient programs for numeric computation, and secondly, the soundness proof of this modal Prolog through a logical system with inference rules written in the Gentzen sequent style.

For the first time, the kinematic evolution of a coronal wave over the entire solar surface is studied. Full Sun maps can be made by combining images from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory satellites, Ahead and Behind, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory, thanks to the wide angular separation between them. We study the propagation of a coronal wave, also known as "EIT" wave, and its interaction with a coronal hole resulting in secondary waves and/or reflection and transmission. We explore the possibility of the wave obeying the law of reflection of waves. In a detailed example we find that a loop arcade at the coronal hole boundary cascades and oscillates as a result of the EUV wave passage and triggers a wave directed eastwards that appears to have reflected. We find that the speed of this wave decelerates to an asymptotic value, which is less than half of the primary EUV wave speed. Thanks to the full Sun coverage we are able to determine that part of the primary wave is transmitted through the coronal hole. This is the first observation of its kind. The kinematic measurements of the reflected and transmitted wave tracks are consistent with a fast-mode MHD wave interpretation. Eventually, all wave tracks decelerate and disappear at a distance. A possible scenario of the whole process is that the wave is initially driven by the expanding coronal mass ejection and subsequently decouples from the driver and then propagates at the local fast-mode speed., Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ