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The glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid neuroreceptor subtypes mGluR5 and GABAA are hypothesized to be involved in the development of a variety of psychiatric diseases. However, detailed information relating to their in vivo distribution is generally unavailable. Maps of such distributions could potentially aid clinical studies by providing a reference for the normal distribution of neuroreceptors and may also be useful as covariates in advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (MR) studies. In this study, we propose a comprehensive processing pipeline for the construction of standard space, in vivo distributions of non‐displaceable binding potential (BPND), and total distribution volume (VT) based on simultaneously acquired bolus‐infusion positron emission tomography (PET) and MR data. The pipeline was applied to [11C]ABP688‐PET/MR (13 healthy male non‐smokers, 26.6 ± 7.0 years) and [11C]Flumazenil‐PET/MR (10 healthy males, 25.8 ± 3.0 years) data. Activity concentration templates, as well as VT and BPND atlases of mGluR5 and GABAA, were generated from these data. The maps were validated by assessing the percent error δ from warped space to native space in a selection of brain regions. We verified that the average δABP = 3.0 ± 1.0% and δFMZ = 3.8 ± 1.4% were lower than the expected variabilities σ of the tracers (σABP = 4.0%–16.0%, σFMZ = 3.9%–9.5%). An evaluation of PET‐to‐PET registrations based on the new maps showed higher registration accuracy compared to registrations based on the commonly used [15O]H2O‐template distributed with SPM12. Thus, we conclude that the resulting maps can be used for further research and the proposed pipeline is a viable tool for the construction of standardized PET data distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid neuroreceptor subtypes mGluR 5 and GABA A are hypothesized to be involved in the development of a variety of psychiatric diseases. However, detailed information relating to their in vivo distribution is generally unavailable. Maps of such distributions could potentially aid clinical studies by providing a reference for the normal distribution of neuroreceptors and may also be useful as covariates in advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (MR) studies. In this study, we propose a comprehensive processing pipeline for the construction of standard space, in vivo distributions of non-displaceable binding potential (BP ND ), and total distribution volume (V T ) based on simultaneously acquired bolus-infusion positron emission tomography (PET) and MR data. The pipeline was applied to [ 11 C]ABP688-PET/MR (13 healthy male non-smokers, 26.6 ± 7.0 years) and [ 11 C]Flumazenil-PET/MR (10 healthy males, 25.8 ± 3.0 years) data. Activity concentration templates, as well as V T and BP ND atlases of mGluR 5 and GABA A , were generated from these data. The maps were validated by assessing the percent error δ from warped space to native space in a selection of brain regions. We verified that the average δ ABP  = 3.0 ± 1.0% and δ FMZ  = 3.8 ± 1.4% were lower than the expected variabilities σ of the tracers (σ ABP  = 4.0%-16.0%, σ FMZ  = 3.9%-9.5%). An evaluation of PET-to-PET registrations based on the new maps showed higher registration accuracy compared to registrations based on the commonly used [ 15 O]H 2 O-template distributed with SPM12. Thus, we conclude that the resulting maps can be used for further research and the proposed pipeline is a viable tool for the construction of standardized PET data distributions., (© 2022 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)