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Background: The prevalence and pattern of skin infections and infestations have not been adequately studied in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of skin infections and infestations (STI) among primary school pupils living in Ijesa-land, Western Nigeria. Design: Amulti-staged randomised cross sectional descriptive study. Methodology: Interview schedules, physical and laboratory examinations were conducted"..... among 1,120 pupils (546 boys and 574 girls) recruited by stratified random sampling total of 544 SII were found among 453 (40.4 percent) pupils, whilst 667 (59.6 percent) pupils had none. Impetigo contagiosa, dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor and scabies were the leading SII found, with prevalences of 19.4, 15.0, 6.1, and 4.3 percent, respectively. - Except for pityriasis versicolor, Sll were more common in boys than girls. Furthermore, pityriasis versicolor was more commonly seen among older pupils aged nine years and over (p

Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro,1 David Ayodele Mejiuni,2 Olaniyi Onayemi,3 Olugbenga Edward Ayodele,4 Adeniran Samuel Atiba,5 Gbenga Micheal Bamimore6 1Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Osogbo, and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; 2Bullsbrook Medical Practice, Perth, WA, Australia; 3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, College of Health Science, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile – Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; 4Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Osogbo and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; 5Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, and Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ekiti State, Nigeria; 6Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria Background: The role of selenium as an antioxidant micronutrient has garnered the unprecedented focus of researchers in recent times. No clinical study has related serum selenium concentration to skin diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Methods: In this study, 134 newly diagnosed HIV patients that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. Skin diseases were clinically diagnosed and fasting venous blood was taken for assessment of serum selenium using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The mean age of HIV subjects with and without skin disease were not significantly different: 32.72 ± 9.21 versus 35.86 ± 8.55 years, P = 0.077, respectively. The mean of serum selenium (0.51 ± 0.48 versus 0.81 ± 0.39), CD4+ count (228.06 ± 212.89 versus 446.41 ± 182.87), and body mass index (BMI; 21.09 ± 3.58 versus 23.53 ± 3.35) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) for HIV/AIDS participants with skin disease than those without skin disease. We found significant clustering of symptoms and signs: fever (P = 0.037), weight loss (P = 0.009), oral candidiasis (P = 0.038), pallor (P = 0.037) among HIV/AIDS subjects with skin diseases than those without. Low serum selenium concentration was significantly associated with primary skin disease of HIV/AIDS, such as pruritic papular eruption of AIDS (P = 0.003), xeroderma (P = 0.030), fluffy hair (P = 0.021), blue-black nail hyperpigmentation (P = 0.033) and secondary skin disease, such as oral candidiasis (P = 0.002). There was a significant association between low serum selenium concentration and increasing frequency of skin diseases (P = 0.002), but serum selenium was not significantly related to extents of distribution of skin diseases (P > 0.05). Conclusion: serum selenium concentration was lower among HIV subjects with skin diseases than those without skin disease. Pruritic papular eruption, xeroderma, fluffy hair, blue-black nail hyper pigmentation, and oral candidiasis were significantly associated with low serum selenium concentration. Keywords: serum selenium, HIV/AIDS, skin disease, Osogbo, Nigeria

The scabicidal activities of two topical emulsion formulations (Lippia oil emulsions A and B), each containing 20% w/w essential oil of Lippia multiflora (Lippia oil), were compared with that of benzyl benzoate emulsion BP using randomized, double blind and group parallel studies. The percentage cure obtained for Lippia oil emulsion A were 50%, 80% and 80% on application for 3, 5 and 7 days, respectively, compared with 30%, 60% and 70% obtained for benzyl benzoate emulsion BP for the same treatment periods. There was no significant difference between the percentages of scabietic subjects cured with the two formulations (A and B) of Lippia oil (P > 0.05). Six adverse effects were reported for the Lippia oil emulsions, while 10 adverse effects were reported for benzyl benzoate emulsion BP. Since the Lippia oil emulsions were more effective and better tolerated than the benzyl benzoate emulsion, they were considered as additional formulations for the treatment of scabies. KEYWORDS Lippia multiflora; Essential oil formulations; Benzyl benzoate emulsion; Scabicidal activities

Aim: This study was designed to investigate possible synergistic effect of aloe vera gel on the anti-acne properties of Ocimum gratissimum oil and to compare the activities of both agents singly and in combinations with the anti-acne agent Datacin[TM]--a 1% Clindamycin phosphate solution. Methods: 84 subjects presenting with clinically significant Acne vulgaris (mainly undergraduates of a University) were randomly assigned into seven groups and treated with different test preparations (2% v/v Ocimum oil lotion containing graded concentrations (0-[approximately equal to] 100%) of aloe get, placebo or control preparations). Samples tested were applied to the face after washing morning and evening. The numbers of inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) were counted prior to application and daily for 4 weeks. The efficacy of the preparations was rated in terms of product activity (1/D), which is the reciprocal value of the number of days taken to achieve 50% reduction in lesion count. Results: The efficacy of the Ocimum oil lotion products increased with increasing aloe gel contents. Products formulated with the undiluted or 50% aloe gels were most active and resolved inflammatory lesions faster than the standard product. The aloe get alone showed minimal activity. Adverse effect was mild and tolerable. Conclusion: Aloe vera gel enhanced the anti-acne properties of Ocimum oil; the oil or its combination with aloe vera gel is more effective than 1% Clindamycin in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. KEYWORDS Aloe vera gel; Ocimum gratissimum essential off; Acne vulgaris treatment; Clindamycin

The paper employed Remote sensing data in a multi-decadal assessment of vegetal to urban land cover transition along Lagos-Ibadan expressway. The forty-year assessment commenced in 1980 and ended in 2020. Landsat imageries acquired for the respective periods were subjected to supervised classification. Results reveal massive conversion of vegetated areas into built-up areas. The transition became pronounced from the second decade with 30,226 and cumulative of 48,455 Hectares of vegetation transforming into built-up area. During the third decade (2000 to 2010), additional 44,780 and cumulative of 93,235 Hectares of green area was converted into built-up areas. The largest transition was recorded in the last decade (2010 to 2020) during which vegetated area covering 50,827 Hectares was converted to living or industrial areas giving a cumulative transition of 141,065. In year 2020 Pearson moment correlation showed a high negative correlation with a coefficient value of -0.86. Hectares of vegetal areas into built-up or bare surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic disorder associated with significant dermatological alterations. This study was set out to demonstrate the pattern of the various dermatological disorders seen among diabetic population in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile Ife, a tertiary health care institution in south west Nigeria. Infective skin conditions appear to occur with greater frequency compared to the non-infective dermatoses and poor glycaemic control seems to be the most significant predictor of the presence of such skin lesions (p<0.001). Among diverse numbers of cutaneous lesions seen in this study, superficial fungal infections accounted for the highest prevalence and was seen in 35.4%. Pruritus ranked next with a prevalence of 16.7%. Others include Diabetic dermopathy (14.8%), acanthosis nigricans (4.9%), and Diabetic thick skin seen in 4% etc. The overall prevalence of cutaneous lesions in this study was 73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]