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13. Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche

Author

Collins, Charlotte A., Olsen, Irwin, Zammit, Peter S., Heslop, Louise, Petrie, Aviva, Partridge, Terence A., and Morgan, Jennifer E.

Subjects
Membrane, Basement -- Research, Stem cell research, Cell research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Single intact myofibers are transplanted into radiation-ablated muscles to demonstrate that satellite cells are self-sufficient as a source of regeneration. The transplanted satellite cells vigorously self-renew expanding in number and repopulating the host muscle with new satellite cells.

Published
2005

21. Expression of ectopeptidases on scleroderma

Author

Bou-Gharios, George, Osman, Jason, Atherton, Amanda, Monoghan, Paul, Vancheeswaran, Rama, Black, Carol, and Olsen, Irwin

Subjects
Scleroderma (Disease) -- Physiological aspects, Cell adhesion molecules -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Abnormalities in the secretion of regulating enzymes may play a role in the build-up of connective tissue fiber in patients with scleroderma (SSc). In this disease, white blood cells infiltrate the tissue and contribute to an inflammatory reaction that stimulates connective tissue formation. A family of enzymes produced in fibroblasts, connective tissue-forming cells, moderates this reaction. Skin biopsies were taken from seven patients with SSc, analyzed for these enzymes, and compared with samples from seven healthy individuals. Slides were made, stained, and examined under the microscope and cells were cultured and analyzed. One of the enzymes was expressed at much lower levels than found in normal tissue. This enzyme cleaves the protein that forms the fibrous matrix in which fibroblasts are embedded. This enzyme may also play a role in moderating the cellular adhesion of white blood cells to fibroblasts.

Published
1995

24. Expression and function of surface antigens on scleroderma fibroblasts

Author

Abraham, D., Lupoli, S., McWhirter, A., Plater-Zyberk, C., Piela, T.H., Korn, J.H., Olsen, Irwin, and Black, C.

Subjects
Scleroderma (Disease) -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a disease of connective tissue (skin, bone, cartilage, etc.) which affects multiple body systems. It features an increased deposition of collagen, the major structural protein in connective and other tissues, and this causes formation of fibrous lesions. The process by which SSc arises is still unclear, but inflammation, damage to blood vessels, activation of fibroblasts (cells that give rise to connective tissue), autoimmune mechanisms (involving inappropriate formation of antibodies against the body's own molecules), and interactions between cells and connective tissue components are involved. One known problem is that fibroblasts that are adjacent to blood vessels supplying skin in affected skin areas produce abnormally high levels of collagen. These fibroblasts are often associated with immune cells that contribute to inflammation. To better understand this feature, the reactions between normal or SSc fibroblasts with T cells (T lymphocytes, immune cells important for fighting infection) were studied. About twice as many T cells attached to SSc fibroblasts as to normal fibroblasts. Much of the extra binding was associated with two surface proteins, ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule type 1) and LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen type 1). ICAM-1-mediated adhesion between T cells and normal or SSc fibroblasts was affected similarly by addition of several cytokines, hormone-like proteins that affect functions of lymphocytes and other cells. SSc fibroblasts tended to have higher levels of ICAM-1. The study indicates that in SSc, increased binding of T cells is related to the presence of fibroblasts with higher levels of ICAM-1. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

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