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OBJETIVOS Los implantes óseos son utilizados cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la práctica clínica y, entre los materiales, el Ti o sus aleaciones son los de mejor rendimiento por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Aleaciones como TiNbTa han demostrado mejorar las características biomecánicas del Ti puro comercial (c.p.), sin embargo, su capacidad osteointegradora necesita ser evaluada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la citotoxicidad y la capacidad de adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación de células osteoblásticas en cultivo, influida por discos de material TiNbTa frente a Ti c.p. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Analizamos a los 4 y 7 días del cultivo la línea celular MC3T3, la viabilidad celular (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, España), así como la proliferación y diferenciación celular (actividad de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (Fijación para SEM). Se realizó la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de discos de estudio. RESULTADOS Los resultados obtenidos demuestran muy buena viabilidad celular durante el periodo de estudio, sin diferencias significativas para ambos materiales. Así mismo, detectamos una caída en los niveles de ALP que fue significativa para ambos componentes entre los días 4 y 7 del estudio (p, Este trabajo ha estado financiado por la Fundación Española de Investigación Ósea y Metabolismo Mineral (FEIOMM), por la beca Traslacional FEIOMM de 2018.

En este trabajo mostramos la influencia que la evolución del software ha supuesto en el desarrollo creativo de nuestra sociedad digital. Dentro del amplio espectro de posibilidades que este fenómeno ha generado, nos centramos en una tendencia creativa de producción audiovisual en directo que revive culturas clásicas, como es el caso de la cultura Rave, a partir de la investigación con la programación de código en vivo para la creación audiovisual mediante el uso software libre, la Algorave. Tomando como referencia a Alex McLean, fundador del mayor evento de Live Coding a escala mundial, la Algorave, realizaremos un recorrido por estas prácticas creativas audiovisuales de Live Coding dentro del ambiente de la Algorave. Mediante la investigación cualitativa a través de diferentes entrevistas, publicaciones y observación del contenido de estas performances, se recogen los contenidos creativos de esta tendencia artística. Desde los años 90, la computadora se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en el proceso creativo de los artistas audiovisuales, tanto del directo como de estudio. Se desprende de este estudio que el trabajo con la computadora permite una producción interdisciplinar que deshace las jerarquías entre artista y usuario, además de fomentar la participación transversal entre grupos de investigación. In this work we show the influence that the evolution of software has had on the creative development of our digital society. Within the broad spectrum of possibilities that this phenomenon has generated, we focus on a creative trend of live audiovisual production that revives classical cultures, such as the Rave culture, from research with live code programming for audiovisual creation by free software, the Algorave. Taking as reference Alex McLean, founder of the largest Live Coding event in the world, the Algorave, we will go through these creative audiovisual practices of Live Coding within the Algorave environment. Through qualitative research over different interviews, publications and observation of the content of these performances, we will learn about the creative contents of this artistic trend. Since the 1990s, the computer has become a fundamental tool in the creative process of audiovisual artists, both live and in the studio. It is clear from this study that the work with the computer allows an interdisciplinary production that breaks down the hierarchies between artist and user and promotes the transversal participation between research groups.

Background Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, a major public health problem throughout Latin America. There is no vaccine and the only drugs have severe side effects. Efforts to generate new therapies are hampered by limitations in our understanding of parasite biology and disease pathogenesis. Studies are compromised by the complexity of the disease, the long-term nature of the infection, and the fact that parasites are barely detectable during the chronic stage. In addition, functional dissection of T. cruzi biology has been restricted by the limited flexibility of the genetic manipulation technology applicable to this parasite. Methodology/Principal findings Here, we describe two technical innovations, which will allow the role of the parasite in disease progression to be better assessed. First, we generated a T. cruzi reporter strain that expresses a fusion protein comprising red-shifted luciferase and green fluorescent protein domains. Bioluminescence allows the kinetics of infection to be followed within a single animal, and specific foci of infection to be pinpointed in excised tissues. Fluorescence can then be used to visualise individual parasites in tissue sections to study host-parasite interactions at a cellular level. Using this strategy, we have been routinely able to find individual parasites within chronically infected murine tissues for the first time. The second advance is the incorporation of a streamlined CRISPR/Cas9 functionality into this reporter strain that can facilitate genome editing using a PCR-based approach that does not require DNA cloning. This system allows the rapid generation of null mutants and fluorescently tagged parasites in a background where the in vivo phenotype can be rapidly assessed. Conclusions/Significance The techniques described here will have multiple applications for studying aspects of T. cruzi biology and Chagas disease pathogenesis previously inaccessible to conventional approaches. The reagents and cell lines have been generated as a community resource and are freely available on request., Author summary 5–8 million people in Latin America are infected with the single-cell parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Of these, approximately one-third will develop chronic disease pathology, leading to disability and premature death. Only two drugs are available, both of which can have severe side effects. We know relatively little about the chronic phase of this infection because the parasite burden is extremely low, and animal models have limitations. Here, we describe a T. cruzi reporter strain that has been genetically modified to express a fusion protein which is both bioluminescent and fluorescent. These parasites can be monitored throughout the infection, and individual parasites identified in tissue sections from infected mice. This allows us for the first time to analyse host-parasite interactions at a cellular level in the chronic phase of infection. We have also incorporated a streamlined version of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system into the reporter strain. We demonstrated the utility of this system by generating null mutants in the flagellar attachment protein GP72, by replacing the green fluorescent protein with a red fluorescent protein, and by tagging the endogenous protein DNA topoisomerase 1A. This T. cruzi reporter line will significantly enhance our ability to unravel the pathogenesis and immunology of chronic Chagas disease.

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018. The simultaneous aerosol sampling at two heights in southern Spain may provide valuable information on the vertical structure of the dust transport from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula. It also allows the characterization of the ambient air at two sites with distinct anthropogenic impact. This work presents the results obtained from the first field campaign of the FRESA project (Impact of dust-laden African air masses and of stratospheric air masses in the Iberian Peninsula. Role of the Atlas Mountains), performed in the period July-November 2017 at El Albergue Universitario in Sierra Nevada (2550 m a.s.l.) and the city of Granada (650 m a.s.l.). The two sites were instrumented with a low-volume sampler with PM10 inlet for daily sampling and mass and chemical composition characterization, a high-volume sampler for total suspended particles (TSP) for weekly sampling and radionuclide activity determination, and with a GRIMM 365 optical particle counter that provides continuously the aerosol size distribution.

The FRESA (“Impacto de las intrusiones de masas de aire con polvo aFRicano y de masas de aire EStratosférico en la Península Ibérica. Influencia de El Atlas”) Spanish national project aims to study the interaction between upper level disturbances and the Atlas Mountains in promoting low-level instability and cyclone formation in the lee of the Atlas Mountains, responsible of dust uplift over the Sahara Desert and also of upper tropospherelower stratosphere (UT-LS) to troposphere transport. This work presents an overview of the results obtained during a preliminary campaign of the FRESA project (June-October 2016) at Sierra Nevada (Granada) (37.096 N, 3.387 W, 2550 m a.s.l.) analysing weekly samples of 7Be, 210Pb (tracers of UTLS and continental origin, respectively) and PM10, as well as hourly particle number size distribution from a Grimm OPC. 96-hour 3D backward trajectories starting every 6 h (00, 06, 12, and 18Z) were calculated using the HYSPLIT4 model with the meteorological input from the ERA-Interim 0.5 deg meteorological dataset. Moreover, potential vorticity (PV) data was associated to each of the 96 trajectory endpoints by performing a 3D nearest-neighbour interpolation to the 27 isobaric levels between 100 and 1000 hPa of the ERA-Interim reanalysis. During this pre-campaign, 12 Saharan dust and 14 stratospheric intrusions days were identified analysing back-trajectories, BSC-DREAM model, particle number concentrations and synoptic charts: the meteorological situation leading to these outbreaks will be further studied in detail. The analysis of the source-receptor relationship for 7 Be, 210Pb and PM10 shows the influence of the Sahara Desert and of air parcels which passed over the North Sea with strong subsidence and then at lower heights over the western Mediterranean basin on all the three parameters. The analysis also shows that the Atlantic air masses are more associated to 7 Be than 210Pb increases. The fine and coarse fractions (smaller and larger than 1 µm in diameter) were analysed on both a weekly and 6-hourly basis. Locations to the south of the Atlas and the western Mediterranean were identified as important sources of the coarse fraction while the origin of the fine fraction was quite similar to that of 7 Be, probably because of the attachment of 7 Be nuclide to accumulation-mode aerosols soon after its production. The comparison between 7 Be/210Pb potential sources with those of high PV crossing shows that the Atlas is connected both to events of high PV values and to a strong PSCF probability of the 7 Be/210Pb ratio. This result suggests that the high PV areas located around the Atlas Mountains are not linked to friction and turbulence over the mountains themselves, but are rather associated to tropopause crossing and Stratosphere-TroposphereExchange (STE) occurring in the leeward side of mountain ranges, in agreement with the recent work of Brattich et al. (submitted). This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant CGL2015-70741-R (FRESA). Brattich et al. (submitted to JGR), Influence of stratospheric air masses on radiotracers and ozone over the central Mediterranean.

1 página.--Trabajo presentado al: XXIX Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica Veterinaria. Pág. 62. 14-16 de junio de 2017. Cáceres (España)., Las malformaciones congénitas son alteraciones anatómicas que ocurren en la etapa intrauterina, pueden afectar a distintas localizaciones u órganos y tener distinta gravedad y etiología. En este trabajo, se revisan todos los casos de malformaciones congénitas en las especies ovina y caprina, encontrados en los casos recibidos en el Servicio de Diagnóstico Anatomopatológico de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de León en los últimos 15 años, donde han sido más de 2000 los casos de estas especies estudiados. La mayor frecuencia de malformaciones se ha encontrado en el sistema nervioso central, sobre todo la hipoplasia de cerebelo e hidranencefalia, que se han asociado a infecciones por pestivirus principalmente. También se han registrado casos de lisencefalia con hipoplasia del cerebelo, asociados a una mutación en el gen RELN, que codifica la reelina, proteína involucrada en la migración neuronal. Las malformaciones del sistema músculo-esquelético, principalmente artrogriposis o defectos en la columna vertebral (escoliosis, cifosis, lordosis). han aparecido en muchos casos relacionadas con alteraciones nerviosas, causadas por pestivirus o el virus de la enfermedad de Schmallenberg. De forma más esporádica, se han registrado casos de ausencia total o parcial de extremidades, policefalia, etc. En la cabeza, los casos de paladar hendido han sido los más comunes, junto con braquignatia e incluso agnatia, y de forma más esporádica, fetos con ciclopía o microftalmia. En la piel, se han diagnosticado procesos congénitos de epidermólisis bullosa distrófica y juntura!, estos últimos asociados a mutaciones en el gen que codifica la integrina --4. Las malformaciones cardiacas más frecuentemente encontradas han sido el conducto arteria-venoso persistente, orificios interventriculares y displasia valvular. De forma más reducida, hay registrados casos de hipoplasia de lóbulos pulmonares y hepáticos, aplasia unilateral renal y uterina, atresia de vías urinarias con hidronefrosis, bazo doble, quistes hepáticos y renales, quistes paraováricos, melanosis maculosa muscular o hernia diafragmática. Si bien los casos con malformaciones que se encuentran en pequeños rumiantes no son muy numerosos, constituyen un grupo importante de lesiones que es importante identificar y en las que, en ocasiones, ha podido demostrarse una causa infecciosa o genética.