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1. Mycorrhizal inoculation effects on growth and the mycobiome of poplar on two phytomanaged sites after 7-year-short rotation coppicing

Author

Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Olivier Girardclos, Cyril Zappelini, Philippe Binet, Valerie Bert, Damase Khasa, Damien Blaudez, and Michel Chalot

Subjects
ectomycorrhizal, endophytic fungi, Populus, phytomanagement, Skado clone, fungal diversity, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

AimsAfforestation of trace-element contaminated soils, notably with fast growing trees, has been demonstrated to be an attractive option for bioremediation due to the lower costs and dispersion of contaminants than conventional cleanup methods. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with plants, contributing to their tolerance towards toxic elements and actively participating to the biorestoration processes. The aim of this study was to deepen our understanding on the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant development and fungal community at two trace-element contaminated sites (Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France) planted with poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus maximowiczii).MethodsThe 2 sites were divided into 4 replicated field blocks with a final plant density of 2200 tree h-1. Half of the trees were inoculated with a commercial inoculum made of a mix of mycorrhizal species. The sites presented different physico-chemical characteristics (e.g., texture: sandy soil versus silty-loam soil and organic matter: 5.7% versus 3.4% for Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, respectively) and various trace element contamination levels.ResultsAfter 7 years of plantation, inoculation showed a significant positive effect on poplar biomass production at the two sites. Fungal composition study demonstrated a predominance of the phylum Ascomycota at both sites, with a dominance of Geopora Arenicola and Mortierella elongata, and a higher proportion of ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi (with the highest values observed in Fresnes-sur-Escaut: 45% and 28% for ECM and endophytic fungi, respectively), well known for their capacity to have positive effects on plant development in stressful conditions. Furthermore, Pierrelaye site showed higher frequency (%) of mycorrhizal tips for ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and higher intensity (%) of mycorrhizal root cortex colonization for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than Fresnes-sur-Escaut site, which translates in a higher level of diversity.ConclusionsFinally, this study demonstrated that this biofertilization approach could be recommended as an appropriate phytomanagement strategy, due to its capacity to significantly improve poplar productivity without any perturbations in soil mycobiomes.

Published
2022
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2. Taming Trees, Shaping Forests, and Managing Woodlands as Resources for Understanding Past Societies. Contributions and Current Limits of Dendro-Anthracology and Anthraco-Isotopy

Author

Alexa Dufraisse, Sylvie Coubray, Llorenç Picornell-Gelabert, Marta Alcolea, Olivier Girardclos, Frédéric Delarue, and Thanh-Thuy Nguyen Tu

Subjects
archaeological charcoal assemblages, dendro-anatomy, isotope, wood gathering, woodland management, climate, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

In many societies, livelihood strategies are based on a combination of economic strategies, including natural resources such as trees for wood, leaves, and fruits. Archeological wood charcoals are residues of human activity related to fire. They provide evidence of fuelwood and, in some contexts, timber, handcraft activities, and fruit production. They represent a detailed record of the way ancient woodlands were exploited. However, charcoal analyses are often confined to the study of taxa and their relative frequency, and socio-economic interpretations are thus limited. In the last two decades, dendro-anthracological studies have been developed. Tree-ring widths, radius of curvature, and carbon isotope contents are increasingly used as indicators of wood gathering practices, woodland management and climate. Nevertheless, in the absence of standards, measurement procedures and data processing are very diverse. The challenge for archeological charcoal analyses is thus to improve analytical tools, especially on dendro-anthracological and isotopic aspects, in order to improve the interpretation of archeological assemblages and advance the discipline. As an example, we present a new approach for taxa growing in Western Europe combining (i) different dendro-anthracological parameters, (ii) an anthraco-typological approach based on modern-day wood stands, (iii) identification of anatomical signatures revealing particular forestry practices, and (iv) stable carbon isotopes. This opens the discussion on methodological perspectives and the associated scientific questions focusing on woodland exploitation and climate, and on the interest of a systemic approach for the analysis of charcoal in archeological contexts.

Published
2022
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4. Erratum to ‘Naming, relocating and dating the woods of Notre-Dame 'forest', first results based on collated data and archaeological surveys of the remains’ [Journal of Cultural Heritage Volume 56C (July-August 2022) 75-84]

Author

Clara Penagos, Olivier Girardclos, Jean-Yves Hunot, Chloé Martin, Kévin Jacquot, Isabelle Cao, Michel Lemoine, Benoit Brossier, Catherine Lavier, Sylvie Coubray, and Alexa Dufraisse

Subjects
Archeology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Materials Science (miscellaneous), Conservation, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Spectroscopy
Published
2022

5. Poplar rotation coppice at a trace element-contaminated phytomanagement site: A 10-year study revealing biomass production, element export and impact on extractable elements

Author

Olivier Girardclos, Vincent Driget, Stéphane Pfendler, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Isabelle Lamy, Loïc Yung, Michel Chalot, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Environmental Engineering, Rotation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Coppicing, Nutrient, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Hectare, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Trace element, Salix, 15. Life on land, Wood, Pollution, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Agronomy, Metals, visual_art, Field trial, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark
Abstract

Growing lignocellulosic crops on marginal lands could compose a substantial proportion of future energy resources. The potential of poplar was explored, by devising a field trial of two hectares in 2007 in a metal-contaminated site to quantify the genotypic variation in the growth traits of 14 poplar genotypes grown in short-rotation coppice and to assess element transfer and export by individual genotypes. Our data led us to conclusions about the genotypic variations in poplar growth on a moderately contaminated site, with the Vesten genotype being the most productive. This genotype also accumulated the least amounts of trace elements, whereas the Trichobel genotype accumulated up to 170 mg Zn kg−1 DW in the branches, with large variation being exhibited among the genotypes for trace element (TE) accumulation. Soil element depletion occurred for a range of TEs, whereas the soil content of major nutrients and the pH remained unchanged or slightly increased after 10 years of poplar growth. The higher TE content of bark tissues compared with the wood and the higher proportion of bark in branches compared with the wood led us to recommend that only stem wood be harvested, instead of the whole tree, which will enable a reduction in the risks encountered with TE-enriched biomass in the valorization process.

Published
2020

6. The taphonomic characterization of a charcoal production platform. Contribution of an innovative pair of methods: Raman analysis and micromorphology

Author

Dominique Sordoillet, Olivier Girardclos, Emilie Gauthier, Aurore Dupin, Kévin Fréville, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Taphonomy, Raman analysis, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Earth science, Forest management, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), Paleothermometer, Charcoal platform, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Micromorphology, Stratigraphy (archaeology), Charcoal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; During the Industrial Revolution and until the 19th century, the fuel used in metallurgy was charcoal. The frequent charcoal-making places identified in European archaeological sites are one of the only direct markers of this activity. Understanding the soil stratigraphy of these locations enables us to characterize the intensity of charcoal production and especially to grasp an insight into the forest management of the studied site during charcoal making. Two types of soil profiles have been observed in Europe. The first presents one or several sterile horizons identifiable with the naked eye, separating charcoal levels. The second, which is the most commonly observed type at European archaeological sites, is characterized by a single charcoal level of variable thickness. For the present study, located in eastern France (Franche-Comté), we propose to characterize the soil profile of a charcoal platform, which looks like the second type observed at the European scale, through the application of an innovative pair of methods: The Raman analysis and micromorphology. The Raman paleothermometer, defined by Deldicque et at. (2016) was adapted to define the temperatures reached in charcoal-making contexts. These measurements agree with the literature and experiments. These temperatures are regularly distributed over the profile, confirming the reuse of the platform. Similarly, the micromorphology of the soil profile reveals clear indicators of reuse, with no evidence of long interruptions in charcoal making.

Published
2019

7. Evaluation of historical atmospheric pollution in an industrial area by dendrochemical approaches

Author

Philippe Chamaret, Annabelle Austruy, Bernard Angeletti, Loïc Yung, Olivier Girardclos, Julien Dron, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Michel Chalot, Catherine Keller, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Industrial Waste, Atmospheric pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, History, 21st Century, Metals, Heavy, Environmental Chemistry, Cities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, computer.programming_language, Pollutant, Industrial area, Urbanization, trace metal pollution, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, History, 20th Century, Pinus, 020801 environmental engineering, Europe, tree rings, Industrialisation, Populus, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Harbour, Environmental science, Dendrochemistry, Physical geography, France, Environmental Pollution, Tree species, computer, Environmental Monitoring, historical atmospheric exposure
Abstract

International audience; We conducted a dendrochemical study in order to evaluate the exposure of territories and 19 populations to different types of pollutants and to characterise the history of pollution in one of the 20 most intensely industrialised areas of Europe: the industrial port zone of Fos, also heavily 21 urbanised. 22 To perform the study, two tree species have been selected, Pinus halepensis and Populus nigra, on arural plot located roughly 20 km away from the industrial harbor, an urban plot located in the city of Fos-sur-Mer and an industrial plot. Our study indicated that poplar was a more relevant model forthe dendrochemical studies exhibiting a higher bioaccumulation capacity than pine except for Hg, Sb and Mn. Moreover, thanks to this work we observed significant exposure of the trees in the urban and industrial areas to As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Sb, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg, highlighting the exposure of the territory and populations living in the vicinity of the industrial harbor. The temporal 29 variability of the concentrations measured in the tree rings corresponds to the increasing industrialisation of the territory as well as to the evolution of the industrial processes. Thus, this project highlighted the exposure of Gulf of Fos to atmospheric emissions (industrial, road and urban) of the industrial harbor as well as the changes over time. It also point out the relevance of using dendrochemistry to measure atmospheric exposure of metals and metalloids and its temporal variability.

Published
2019

8. French summer droughts since 1326 CE: a reconstruction based on tree ring cellulose δ18O

Author

Valérie Daux, Monique Pierre, Olivier Girardclos, Michel Stievenard, Inga Labuhn, and Valérie Masson-Delmotte

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), 13. Climate action, Climatology, Evapotranspiration, Dendrochronology, medicine, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Climate sensitivity, Harvest, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The reconstruction of droughts is essential for the understanding of past drought dynamics and can help evaluate future drought scenarios in a changing climate. This article presents a reconstruction of summer droughts in France based on annually resolved, absolutely dated chronologies of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in tree ring cellulose from Quercus spp. Samples were taken from living trees and timber wood from historic buildings at two sites: Fontainebleau (48°23′ N, 2°40′ E; 1326–2000 CE) and Angoulême (45°44′ N, 0°18′ E; 1360–2004 CE). Cellulose δ18O from these sites proved to be a good proxy of summer climate, as the trees were sensitive to temperature and moisture availability. However, offsets in average δ18O values between tree cohorts necessitated a correction before joining them to the final chronologies. Using the corrected δ18O chronologies, we developed models based on linear regression to reconstruct drought, expressed by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The significant correlations between the SPEI and cellulose δ18O (r ≈ −0.70), as well as the verification of the models by independent data support the validity of these reconstructions. At both sites, recent decades are characterized by increasing drought. Fontainebleau displays dominantly wetter conditions during earlier centuries, whereas the current drought intensity is not unprecedented in the Angoulême record. While the δ18O chronologies at the two studied sites are highly correlated during the 19th and 20th centuries, there is a significant decrease in the correlation coefficient between 1600 and 1800 CE, which indicates either a weaker climate sensitivity of the tree ring proxies during this period, or a more heterogeneous climate in the north and the south of France. Future studies of tree ring isotope networks might reveal if the seasonality and spatial patterns of past droughts can explain this decoupling. A regional drought reconstruction based on a combination of the two sites shows good agreement with historical records of grape harvest dates in France, which provide another proxy of summer climate.

Published
2016

9. Impact of carbonization on growth rings: dating by dendrochronology experiments on oak charcoals collected from archaeological sites

Author

Manon Cabanis, Olivier Girardclos, François Blondel, Sandrine Grenouillet-Paradis, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Blondel, François, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Carbonization, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, visual_art, Dendrochronology, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

To understand the impact of carbonization on the acquisition of dendrochronological dating, several experiments were conducted. The shrinkage of ring widths from woods measured before and after carbonization was first characterized. To determine whether the dendrochronological signal was affected by carbonization, joists from a 16th-century building were dated both before and after carbonization. Case studies on archaeological charcoals were also carried out, using a protocol developed to enhance the visibility of growth rings. The fragmentation inherent to charcoal required in some cases a more complex approach to reconstruct the growth of charred wood from the pith to the periphery. These experiments were used to characterize the dating potential of dendrochronology based on charcoals from archaeological excavations.

Published
2018

10. Anthraco-typology as a key approach to past firewood exploitation and woodland management reconstructions. Dendrological reference dataset modelling with dendro-anthracological tools

Author

Jean-Luc Dupouey, Dominique Marguerie, Michel Lemoine, Olivier Girardclos, Noémie Nocus, Sylvie Coubray, Alexa Dufraisse, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, centre archéologique de Pantin (Inrap, Pantin), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR JCJC 200101, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-10-JCJC-2001,DENDRAC,Développement d'outils dendrométriques appliqués à l'anthracologie : étude des relations homme-ressources-environnement(2010), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de rcherches archéologiques de Pantin (Inrap, Pantin), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements ( AASPE ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap, Pantin ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ANR (ANR JCJC 200101)

Subjects
anthraco-typology, dendro-anthracological tools, 010506 paleontology, deciduous oak 45 46, firewood management, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Forest management, Context (language use), Woodland, Firewood, 01 natural sciences, Coppicing, 44 anthraco-group, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Anthracology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 060102 archaeology, Forestry, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, High forest, Geography, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Charcoal analysis aims to study different aspects of forest management, techno-economical choices and their specific impact on past landscapes, as well as the impact of climatic events. However, at the present time, charcoal analysis is generally limited to the study of a list of taxa and their relative frequency, as the methods usually employed in dendrochronology to characterize past woodland, based on long tree-ring series, are not suitable for anthracological material. Today, the new challenge for charcoal analysis is thus to develop adapted dendrological tools. In this context, the aim of the ANR DENDRAC project “Development of dendrometrical tools applied to anthracology: study of the interactions between Man, resources and environments” was to characterize modern-day wood stands in accordance with historical woodland practices and convert dendroecological data into parameters adapted to charcoal analysis. The purpose of this study is to define the dendrological features with the help of the anthracological tools without explaining the observed differences between the sampled stands (given the stational variability, age and regeneration modes). The first step consisted in creating dendro-anthracological tools based on morpho-anatomical criteria that help to characterize growth, distinguish heartwood from sapwood and evaluate charcoal-pith distance. The second step involves characterizing three modern-day wood stands (coppice under standard, high forest and young stand formed by a mixture of seeded and coppice trees), defined by their structure, stand density and regeneration modes, using dendrological data measured on fresh wood material and modelled into anthracological data with the dendro-anthracological tools. In this way, anthracological types were defined for each wood stand, forming anthraco-typological models, which area useful for the interpretation of archaeological charcoal assemblages. Finally, an anthracological key is proposed to sort archaeological charcoal fragments in anthraco-groups before data processing.

Published
2018

11. Approche dendroarchéologique de l'approvisionnement de la ville antique d'Augustonemetum (Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme) en bois d’œuvre et exploitation forestière

Author

Olivier Girardclos, François Blondel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
dendrochronologie, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, dendrochronology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, forest stand, archaeological wood, woodland management, 01 natural sciences, exploitation forestière, bois archéologique, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 0601 history and archaeology, peuplement forestier, antiquity town, agglomération antique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Les études des bois gorgés d’eau découverts sur vingt sites archéologiques localisés à Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme) ont pour objectif de mettre en évidence des pratiques sylvicoles liées aux besoins en bois d’œuvre au cours du développement urbain de la ville d’Augustonemetum durant l’Antiquité. Le croisement des trois disciplines, xylologie, dendrologie et dendrochronologie, est réalisé pour identifier les essences des bois issus des fouilles archéologiques, dater ces derniers quand le nombre de cernes le permet et évaluer la morphologie et l’âge de l’arbre lors de son abattage. Sur cette base, il est possible de percevoir une évolution dans l’approvisionnement en bois et son utilisation, ainsi que dans la composition et la structure des peuplements forestiers exploités. Cette évolution permet de dégager certains traits des pratiques sylvicoles pour ce contexte antique. Studies of waterlogged wood, carried out on twenty ancient archaeological sites located in Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme), have allowed assumption on wood supply: species selection according to timber use (construction, manufacture of objects) and the selection of trees according to age or diameter. These analyses aim to highlight the silvicultural practices in Antiquity in relation with the city Augustonemetum and its timber needs. The crossing of three disciplines (xylology, dendrology and dendrochronology) is performed to identify the wood species from archaeological excavations, dating them when the ring series is enough and to evaluate the morphology and age of the tree when it was felled down. These approaches aim to assess the changes in wood supply and outline their use in order to highlight forestry practices in this antique context.

Published
2018

12. Natural revegetation of a red gypsum dump

Author

José Zapata Carbonell, Carole Bégeot, Nicolas Carry, Flavien Choulet, François Gillet, Olivier Girardclos, Arnaud Mouly, Michel CHALOT, and Chalot, Michel

Subjects
[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Published
2018

13. APPROCHE GÉOARCHÉOLOGIQUE ET PALÉOENVIRONNEMENTALE D'UNE ZONE HUMIDE EN CONTEXTE CULTUEL LE CAS DE MAGNY-COURS (NIÈVRE)

Author

Gabriel Rocque, Nicolas Tisserand, Manon Cabanis, Rodrigue Guillon, Gwénaëlle Jaouen, Nouvel Pierre, Anne Dietrich, Jean-Pierre Garcia, Emilie Gauthier, Olivier Girardclos, PETIT Christophe, Conseil Général, Département de l'Allier, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Archéologiques de la Région Mantaise (CRARM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gauthier, Emilie, ARSCAN_ARCHEO_ENV, Utilisateur générique, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Im Rahmen einer Präventivgrabung wurde auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Magny-Cours (Departement Nièvre) ein großes antikes Heiligtum freigelegt. Die Bedeutung des Fundplatzes beruht eher auf der Entdeckung mehrerer Torfzonen mit organischen Funden (Exvotos und Holzabfälle) als auf dem Heiligtum selbst. Ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz ermöglichte es, die Natur dieser Funde und ihre Verbindung mit den benachbarten Kultstrukturen zu verstehen. Die archäologische Studie wurde durch geomorphologische und paläoumweltliche Studien ergänzt, insbesondere dendrologische, karpologische, palynologische und sedimentäre Analysen., A large ancient sanctuary was discovered during preventive excavations at Magny-Cours (Nièvre). More than the cultural complex itself, the main interest of the site was the discovery of several peat bogs in which organic items (ex-voto, scraps of wood) were preserved. A multidisciplinary approach was used to understand the nature of these remains and their relation with the neighboring cultual structures. In this way, the archaeological study was completed by a series of geomorphological and palaeoenvironmental analyses, more specifically in the fields of dendrology, carpology, palynology, and the geology of sediments., Dans le cadre d’une opération d’archéologie préventive, un important sanctuaire antique a été mis au jour sur la commune de Magny-Cours (Nièvre). Bien plus que l’ensemble cultuel lui-même, c’est la découverte de plusieurs zones de tourbes ayant conservé des matériaux organiques (ex-voto et déchets de bois) qui constitue l’intérêt du site. Une approche multidisciplinaire y a été appliquée pour comprendre la nature de ces vestiges et leur lien avec les structures cultuelles voisines. Ainsi, l’étude archéologique a été complétée par des analyses géomorphologiques et paléoenvironnementales en particulier dendrologiques, carpologiques, palynologiques et sédimentaires.

Published
2018

14. Contribution of tyloses quantification in earlywood oak vessels to archaeological charcoal analyses: Estimation of a minimum age and influences of physiological and environmental factors

Author

Sylvie Coubray, Aurore Dupin, Alexa Dufraisse, Michel Lemoine, Olivier Girardclos, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Population level, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Firewood, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Botany, Temperate climate, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Anthracology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 060102 archaeology, biology, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Deciduous, Tylosis, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Quercus petraea
Abstract

International audience; Among the main parameters contributing to the characterization of firewood exploitation modes, the age of the collected wood is very difficult to assess in anthracology. In this paper, we propose an original way to investigate the age of the exploited wood, the heartwood formation process which takes place in 20 e25-year-old deciduous oak trees. The formation of tyloses in earlywood vessels is an important feature of the changeover of sapwood to heartwood. However, tylosis formation also occurs in sapwood. Therefore, the observation of the mere presence of tyloses in vessels, as routinely performed in anthracology, is not sufficient to distinguish sapwood from heartwood. The aim of this study was thus to use the proportion of vessels sealed by tyloses as a discriminating marker between sapwood and heartwood applicable to anthracology in order to characterize firewood exploitation in the past. The trunks and branches of ten deciduous oak trees ranging from 15 to 60 years old were sampled in three French sites. For an application to archaeological charcoal (tyloses are preserved until 800 C), thresholds of less than 65% for sapwood and up to 85% for heartwood appear to be significant at the population level for deciduous oak (Quercus petraea/robur) in a temperate climate. Besides the indication of the minimal age (ca. 25 years old in the case of deciduous oak), the variability of the proportion of vessels with tyloses in sapwood is explored as a good indicator of the vitality of the wood which opens new prospects for the exploitation of dendro-anthracological parameters, such as the discrimination of branch wood.

Published
2018

15. Anthracology of charcoal kilns in the forest of Chailluz (France) as a tool to understand Franche-Comte forestry from the mid-15th to the early 20th century AD

Author

Laure Nuninger, Aurore Dupin, Alexa Dufraisse, Catherine Fruchart, Clément Laplaige, Olivier Girardclos, Emilie Gauthier, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements ( AASPE ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Kiln, Iron industry, 06 humanities and the arts, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Geography, Geophysical survey (archaeology), [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Period (geology), 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, Industrial Revolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Anthracology
Abstract

The Franche-Comte region played an important role in the iron industry since at least the Hallstatt Period, but particularly since the industrial revolution (from the end of the 18th century). The presence of thousands of charcoal kilns in the main forest of Besancon (regional capital) is the subject of this study. The aim was to further our understanding of these archaeological objects, and to characterize the impact of charcoal production on the past vegetation. A geophysical survey (magnetic susceptibility) was conducted on two platforms. Charcoal analyses of 11 charcoal kilns and a regressive approach on the current vegetation were undertaken for comparative purposes. The platforms are modern and seem to have been used several times during a short 250-year period. Based on historical sources and compared with forests used for the iron industry, the vegetation of the forest of Chailluz appears to have been harvested for a variety of purposes, notably the iron industry and domestic use. Tree species used to produce charcoal were correlated with the environmental offering and site conditions but charcoal production seemed to open the forest structure. More light demanding taxa and fewer shade-tolerant species than nowadays have been observed.

Published
2017

16. Improving identification of coppiced and seeded trees in past woodland management by comparing growth and wood anatomy of living sessile oaks ( Quercus petraea )

Author

Sylvie Coubray, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Olivier Girardclos, Alexa Dufraisse, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Julien Ruelle, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR (ANR JCJC 200101), ANR-10-JCJC-2001,DENDRAC,Développement d'outils dendrométriques appliqués à l'anthracologie : étude des relations homme-ressources-environnement(2010), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements ( AASPE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives ( INRAP ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois ( LERFoB ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, ANR-10-JCJC-2001,DENDRAC,Développement d'outils dendrométriques appliqués à l'anthracologie : étude des relations homme-ressources-environnement ( 2010 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Dendrochronology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, Woodland, Coppice, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Coppicing, Dendro-anthracology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common, biology, Deciduous oak, Past woodland management, Anatomy, 15. Life on land, Quantitative anatomy, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, quercus petraea, Shoot, Seeding, Quercus petraea, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Written sources and archaeological evidence suggest that coppicing was a common practice in past woodland management. Depending mainly on the length of rotations, coppices provided wood products of various sizes, and coppice-wood has been identified in fuel-wood remains as well as in timber studies. Assigning the origin of the wood analyzed to coppice is based on observation of “typical growth patterns”: an even-age structure and a rapid decrease in ring-width with age are used nowadays. However, the wide variety of coppice practices and the variability observed in living-tree analogs make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. To contribute to improving coppice-wood identification, the present study analyzed differences in growth and tree-ring anatomy between living sessile oaks from a mixed stand of coppiced and seeded trees.Stems were compared based on ring-width, early- and late-wood widths, number and size of the earlywood vessels, and tissue proportions measured at different heights. The growth of coppiced trees was found to be faster than that of seeded trees, in height at cambial ages between 3 and 5 years and in diameter at 5–8 years. A quantitative anatomy study showed that tree rings from coppice shoots had smaller and more numerous vessels per unit surface area and a weaker hydraulic conductivity. Earlywood width, which can be acquired on archaeological wood much more easily than vessel surface, was significantly greater in the sample of seeded trees. Linear discriminant analysis performed on the data used to model earlywood width (leave-one-out procedure) correctly classified 77% of coppice and 54% of seeded trees when the radius exceeded 1.66 cm and offers promising perspectives for dendro-anthracology and dendrochronology. Growth and anatomical differences between coppiced and seeded trees mixed in the same stand were observed while other sources of variability (site condition, competition, species) were constrained.

Published
2017

17. Poplar biomass production at phytomanagement sites is significantly enhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation

Author

Arnaud Papin, Julie Foulon, Loïc Yung, Olivier Girardclos, Cyril Zappelini, Michel Chalot, Valérie Bert, Damien Blaudez, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Sébastien Roy, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), and Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Bioaugmentation, Inoculation, food and beverages, Biomass, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil contamination, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Bioremediation, Soil structure, Agronomy, Afforestation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Afforestation of trace element (TE)-contaminated soil, notably with fast growing trees producing large biomass has been demonstrated to be an attractive option for their bioremediation. Mycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with plants, contributing to TE tolerance and participating actively in bioremediation processes. We studied the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of two poplar clones (Skado and I214), to large-scale. Two TE-contaminated sites of ca . 1 ha (Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France) were planted with 2200 trees, and were either inoculated with a mixed commercial inoculum or not-inoculated and allometric parameters were determined after 2 and 4 years of growth. The height diameter relationships remained linear overtime, although the second period of the experiment has been more favorable to growth of the Skado clone and its survival rates were higher compared than those of the I214 clone, at both sites. The inoculation with mycorrhizal significantly impacted the biomass production of the Skado clone at both sites, despite striking differences in soil structure and contamination. In overall, this bioaugmentation option with mycorrhizal fungi influenced more poplar growth than soil contamination and highly improved its biomass production.

Published
2017

18. Large-scale demonstration of increased production of poplar biomass by mycorrhizal inoculation at metal-contaminated phytomanagement sites, and investigation of associated fungal communities

Author

Damien Blaudez, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Julie Foulon, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Olivier Girardclos, Benoit Valot, Valérie Bert, Sébastien Roy, Michel CHALOT, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Agronutrition

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

20. Environmental metabarcoding reveals contrasting microbial communities at two poplar phytomanagement sites

Author

Olivier Girardclos, Benoît Valot, Damien Blaudez, Michel Chalot, Alexis Durand, Cyril Zappelini, Julie Foulon, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Environmental Engineering, Soil test, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Actinobacteria, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Diversity index, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Dominance (ecology), DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Waste Management and Disposal, Soil Microbiology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Ascomycota, Bacteria, Ecology, Microbiota, Alphaproteobacteria, Fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Waste Disposal Facilities, 030104 developmental biology, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Soil water, France, Acidobacteria
Abstract

The aim of the present study is to deepen the current understanding of the microbial communities at two poplar phytomanagement sites to reveal the environmental factors that drive the abundance, diversity and composition of microbial communities. A soil analysis revealed that the two soils displayed contrasting physico-chemical characteristics, with significant lower pH and higher Cd, Zn and Mn CaCl2-extractable fractions at Leforest site, compared with Pierrelaye site. The fungal and bacterial community profiles in the poplar roots and soils were assessed through Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Diversity indices and β-diversity measures illustrated that the root microbial communities were well separated from the soil microbial communities at both sites. A detailed study of the fungal composition showed that Ascomycota dominated the overall fungal communities on poplar soil, the root samples at Pierrelaye, and the unplanted soil at the experimental sites. Conversely, Basidiomycota accounted for a much higher percentage of the fungal community in poplar root samples from the Leforest site. The root bacterial communities were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and the soil samples were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The occurrence and dominance of the ectomycorrhizal community at Leforest but not at Pierrelaye is the major feature of our data set. Overall, ectomycorrhizal root symbionts appeared to be highly constrained by soil characteristics at the phytomanagement sites. Our data support the view that mycorrhizal inoculation is needed in highly stressed and nutrient-poor environments.

Published
2016

21. Dendrochemical assessment of mercury releases from a pond and dredged-sediment landfill impacted by a chlor-alkali plant

Author

Olivier Girardclos, Christophe Guyeux, Julia Maria Pérez Mena, François Maillard, Gary N. Bigham, Mohamad Assad, Cyril Zappelini, Michel Chalot, Claudia Cosio, Stéphane Chrétien, Loïc Yung, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon (UMR 6623) (LMB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Exponent (Exponent), Forel Institute, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Exponent, Inc, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut FEMTO-ST, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Industrial Waste, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], 010501 environmental sciences, Alkalies, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Industrial waste, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Trees, [INFO.INFO-IU]Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Waste Disposal Facility, ddc:550, Salicaceous species, Ponds, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Chlor-alkali plant, Ecology, Tree rings, Salix, Mercury, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Mercury (element), Waste Disposal Facilities, Populus, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Dendrochemistry, [INFO.INFO-ET]Computer Science [cs]/Emerging Technologies [cs.ET], Environmental Pollutants, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC]
Abstract

International audience; Although current Hg emissions from industrial activities may be accurately monitored, evidence of past releases to the atmosphere must rely on one or more environmental proxies. We used Hg concentrations in tree cores collected from poplars and willows to investigate the historical changes of Hg emissions from a dredged sediment landfill and compared them to a nearby control location. Our results demonstrated the potential value of using dendrochemistry to record historical Hg emissions from past industrial activities.

Published
2015

22. Projet collectif de recherche « Agglomérations antiques de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté et Champagne méridionale : inventaire archéologique, cartographie et analyses spatiales » : rapport d’activité 2015

Author

Stéphane Venault, Pierre Nouvel, David Billoin, Brunet-Gaston, V., Nicolas Coquet, Loïc Gaëtan, Olivier Girardclos, Morgane Jal, Aude Laberterie, Perrine Lefebvre, Christelle Sanchez, Matthieu Thivet, Valérie Viscusi, Immel, Françoise, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de recherche sur l'architecture antique (IRAA), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service régional de l'archéologie de Franche-Comté, and SRA de Franche-Comté

Subjects
agglomération, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, agglomération secondaire, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Antiquité romaine, Protohistoire, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History
Published
2015

23. Essais à grande échelle de phytostabilisation aidée couplée à une valorisation biomasse en bois énergie

Author

Valérie Bert, Battle Karimi, Mohamad Assad, Damien Blaudez, Olivier Girardclos, Pierre Boucard, Cécile Raventos, Sébastien Roy, Arnaud Papin, Michel CHALOT, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agronutrition, and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

National audience; Les projets PHYTOSED échelle 1 et BIOFILTREE ont comme objectifs de démontrer la pertinence de la phytostabilisation aidée couplée à la valorisation de la biomasse en bois-énergie. A grande échelle, sur plusieurs hectares de terres polluées par les éléments traces, la technique de phytostabilisation aidée a été mise en oeuvre en testant des protocoles différents (ex : amendement chimique dans le cas de PHYTOSED Echelle 1 et amendement biologique dans le cas de BIOFILTREE). Le retour d’expérience a permis de valider l’utilisation d’espèces végétales pertinentes pour la phytostabilisation (ex : canche cespiteuse, peupliers SKADO) et de définir des protocoles pour la mise en oeuvre de cette technique en fonction des caractéristiques des sols pollués. Les résultats issus de la première année de suivi ne mettent pas en évidence d’effet significatif des amendements sur la diminution des transferts de Zn et de Cd dans les feuilles des espèces végétales étudiées (canche, saules, peupliers). En revanche, l’inoculation de peupliers SKADO a un effet positif sur le rendement en biomasse de ces arbres. La poursuite de l’analyse des transferts de polluants vers les parties récoltables des végétaux devrait permettre de vérifier l’effet des amendements sur ce paramètre et d’orienter les végétaux vers une filière de valorisation pertinente.

Published
2014

24. Chiré-en-Montreuil (Vienne) : évolution d’un habitat fortifié du XIe au XVIIe siècle

Author

Daniel Vivier, Olivier Girardclos, and Patrick Bouvart

Abstract

The site known as the “ Castle of Chiré-en-Montreuil” has been studied from several different perspectives. While written historical sources provide little information about the medieval period, several excavation campaigns, a study of the standing remains, and dendrochronological dating have proved that there was a succession of at least 9 phases, from the 11th-12th centuries on. The dating and the assessment of the distribution of the constructions’ defensive, residential and agricultural functions have made it possible to determine the evolution of the site, from a precarious, fortified settlement to that of a permanent, fortified residence., L’étude du site “ le Château de Chiré-en-Montreuil” a été abordée sous plusieurs angles. Les sources historiques apportent peu d’informations sur la période médiévale. Plusieurs campagnes de fouilles et une analyse du bâti complétée par des datations dendrochronologiques ont démontré qu’au moins neuf phases se sont succédé à partir des XIe-XIIe siècles. Les datations et l’évaluation de la part défensive, résidentielle et agricole des constructions ont permis de déterminer l’évolution d’un habitat fortifié précaire vers une occupation de type maison forte., Bouvart Patrick, Girardclos Olivier, Vivier Daniel. Chiré-en-Montreuil (Vienne) : évolution d’un habitat fortifié du XIe au XVIIe siècle. In: Aquitania : une revue inter-régionale d'archéologie, tome 21, 2005. pp. 337-366.

Published
2005

25. Large scale demonstration of tree-based phytostabilization assisted by symbiotic fungi of metal-contaminated sites

Author

Damien Blaudez, Charlotte Berthelot, Julie Foulon, Mohamad Assad, Olivier Girardclos, Battle Karimi, Corinne Leyval, Valérie Bert, Sébastien Roy, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, KALOGERAKIS, N., MANIOS, T., and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, fungi, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, food and beverages
Abstract

International audience; We developed an integrated bioremediation strategy that combines two poplar clones with rhizospheric microorganisms, exploiting the complex interactions evolved for the mutual benefit of both organisms, in which plant roots provide habitat, nutrients and exudates to microbial populations, whereas microbes facilitate mineral nutrition of plants The rationale behind combining tree species and mycorrhizal fungi resides in the fact that poplar species selected are fast growing, producing large amount of harvestable biomass and capable of forming arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with fungi. Hosting different mycorrhizal types might be of functional importance for plant nutrition and has been shown to contribute to metal tolerance of host plants as fungi can reduce the metal uptake by the plant by sequestration, extracellular precipitation and biosorption to the cell walls. Indeed, a number of recent data support the hypothesis that mycorrhizal fungi play a filtering/sequestering role on plant roots enhancing root to shoot metal ratio and increasing survival rate in harsh conditions Implementations of large scale field trials of poplars (SRC) inoculated with symbiotic microorganisms have been set up. Three sites of about 1 ha have been selected on the basis of (i) contaminants pollution level/history, (ii) hydrological/soil conditions, (iii) ongoing soil remediation research. The first site is a former agricultural area contaminated for nearly a century by metals due to the deposit of waste waters from the city of Paris. The second site is an industrial tailing pond contaminated by mercury and arsenic. The third site is a former agricultural soil that received large amounts of metal-enriched sediments. Poplars were planted and inoculated or not with a consortium of mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal species were chosen from results of molecular analyses of the mycorrhizal diversity of poplar roots collected from several metal-polluted sites. Genomic analyses revealed a predominance of Glomus and Hebeloma species. Two year after planting, woody biomasses were estimated using dendrometric parameters. Mycorrhizal poplars produced significantly more biomass than non inoculated ones. Height, diameter, and basal area of inoculated trees varied among the three studied sites and were generally between 15 and 35% higher when compared to non inoculated trees. From these experimental sites, we have also developed a strategy for isolating fungal strains of interest. We have therefore isolated a set of ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal isolates, as well as fungal endophytes from poplar roots. The isolated strains were first characterized and tested in metal tolerance assays and the most tolerant strains were used in a second set of experiments for their capacity to improve plant growth under controlled conditions. Four fungal strains were able to stimulate growth of their host plants. The two most promising strains, belonging to the group of dark-septate endophytes, were find to be tolerant to a set of metals and significantly improve plant growth. We also succeeded in isolating and producing in vitro large scale inocula of several endomycorrhizal isolates. The usefulness of symbiotic inocula for biomass production on metal-polluted sites, as well as their potential for improving the efficiency of phytotechnologies in the remediation process will be further discussed.

Published
2014

26. Tree age, site and climate controls on tree ring cellulose δ18O: A case study on oak trees from south-western France

Author

Michel Stievenard, Inga Labuhn, Olivier Mestre, Anaïs Féron, Olivier Girardclos, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Dominique Genty, Valérie Daux, Monique Pierre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace ( IPSL ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Météo-France

Subjects
Hydrology, Topsoil, Tree canopy, Ecology, δ18O, Microclimate, Growing season, Humidity, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 13. Climate action, Evapotranspiration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dendrochronology, Environmental science, Physical geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A main concern of dendroclimatic reconstruction is to distinguish in the tree ring proxy the influence of the climate variables of interest from other controlling factors. In order to investigate age, site and climate controls on tree ring width and cellulose δ18O, measurements have been performed in nearby groups of young (145 years old) and older (310–405 years old) oak trees in south-western France, covering the period 1860–2010. Within a given site, inter-tree deviations are small, pointing to a common climatic signal. Despite a similar inter-annual variability, the average level of cellulose δ18O in the young tree group is ∼0.8‰ higher than in the old trees. Such offsets might be caused by different soil properties and differences in the fraction of the source water used by trees from different depths. The δ18O of water in the top soil layer is directly related to the current growing season precipitation, while deeper water can have a lower and more constant δ18O. Local cave drip waters at 10 m depth indeed show a constant isotopic composition, which corresponds to pluri-annual mean precipitation. A 2‰ increasing trend is observed in cellulose δ18O of young trees in the first 30 years of growth, during a period when no trend is visible in older trees. This increase can be quantitatively explained by humidity gradients under the forest canopy, and a changing microclimate around the crown as trees grow higher. While relationships between tree ring width and climate appear complex, the isotopic composition of cellulose is strongly correlated with summer maximum temperature, relative humidity and evapotranspiration (r ≈ 0.70). Weaker correlations (r ≈ 0.40) are identified with precipitation δ18O from a 15-year long local record and from the REMOiso model output. These results imply that leaf water enrichment has a stronger control on the inter-annual variability of cellulose δ18O than the δ18O of precipitation. This study demonstrates the suitability of oak tree ring cellulose δ18O for reconstructing past summer climate variability in south-western France, provided that the sampling and pooling strategy accounts for the fact that trees from different sites and of different age can introduce non-climatic signals.

Published
2014

27. Milieux humides et aménagements anthropiques dans la plaine du Rhin : le site romain d'Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin)

Author

Christophe Petit, Olivier Girardclos, Michel Reddé, Vincent Ollive, Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Anthropologie et Histoire des Mondes Antiques (ANHIMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Vincent Bernard, François Favory, Jean-Luc Fiches, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité ( ArScAn ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Anthropologie et Histoire des Mondes Antiques ( ANHIMA ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives ( INRAP ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
dendrochronologie, forêt gallo-romaine, paléoenvironnement, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, archéologie environnementale, silva, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, géoarchéologie
Abstract

Annales Littéraires, 936 ; Série « Environnement, sociétés, archéologie », 19; International audience

Published
2014

28. La forêt de chênes sur tourbe, à l'île d'Errand, dans les marais de Brière (Massif Armoricain - France), Palynologie et premiers résultats dendrochronologiques [ Growth of an oak forest over peat on Errand island in the Brière marshes (Massif armoricain, France). ]

Author

Lionel Visset, Georges Noël Lambert, and Olivier Girardclos

Subjects
Palynology, Peat, Geography, Bronze Age, sea levels, dendrochronology, Western France, oak forest growth over peat, Fossil wood, Geology, Forestry, Quaternary, forêt de chênes sur tourbe, palynologie, dendrochronologie, ouest de la France, Age du Bronze, niveaux marins, Holocene, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

A great number of «fossil» oak tree trunks were embedded in upper peat on marshes - armoricain) Radiocarbon dating between 3090 ± 65 and 2830 ± 50 BP (1497 - 1171 and 1151 - 896 BC) showed that these remains correspond to an oak forest which grew over peat during a period of maximum drying out related to a regression in sea level. As the presence of this forest is not indicated in pollen diagrams, it is likely that sedimentation did not occur during the period of its growth. The forest could only have existed in such a particularly unfavorable environment when edaphic conditions of relative dryness prevented peat growth for some 400 to 500 years. The presence of this forest attests to the regression of seawater levels during the middle and late Bronze Age, subsequent to the Dunkerke O transgressive phase. Dendrochronologie study of the trunks indicated three phases in the development of the forest. The oak trees were initially pioneers man alder grove and not numerous during the first 50 to 60 years During the next 20u years, they progressively colonized the area. Finally, after another 250 years, the oak forest gradually disappeared over a little more than a century. New growth was not synchronous and occured throughout the colonization phase, thus excluding the possibility of a massive environmental change. Regeneration during the entire period would seem unlikely. It maybe considered that trees are subjected to a law of senescence governed by a negative exponential or a third-degree polynomial. However, this law can be modulated by conditions in the habitat. The results for dendrochronologie dating seem to fit with those for radiocarbon dating. As the first ring measured was dated 1342 BC and the last 998 BC, the trees would have survived to about 950 BC. The pollen study indicates that the ground water level has risen at that time, which would have asphyxiated the oak trees and allowed the alder grove to re-occupy the site., A l'Ile d'Errand, dans les marais de Bnère (Massif armoricain), de très nombreux troncs de chênes «fossiles» gisent dans la partie supérieure de la tourbe. Ils ont été datés par le radiocarbone entre 3090 ± 65 BP et 2830 ± 50 BP (1497 à 1171 et 1151 à 896 avant J.C.) et ils correspondent à l'installation d'une futaie sur tourbe, pendant une phase d'assèchement maximum de la tourbière, liée à une régression du niveau de la mer pendant les périodes du Bronze Moyen et du Bronze Final. L'étude dendrochronologique de ces troncs permet de reconnaître trois phases dans l'évolution de la forêt. La régénération au cours de toute cette période semble difficile et il peut être admis que les arbres subissent une loi de sénescence, qui suit soit une exponentielle négative, soit un polynôme du troisième degré. Cette loi est modulée par les conditions d'habitat. Les essais de datation dendro-chronologiques pourraient dater le premier chêne mesuré de 1342 avant J.C. et le dernier de 998 avant J.C, les chênes continuant à survivre jusque vers 950 avant J G, avant de mourir asphyxiés dans un nouveau marécage en pleine évolution., Visset Lionel, Girardclos Olivier, Lambert Georges Noël. La forêt de chênes sur tourbe, à l'île d'Errand, dans les marais de Brière (Massif Armoricain - France), Palynologie et premiers résultats dendrochronologiques [ Growth of an oak forest over peat on Errand island in the Brière marshes (Massif armoricain, France). ]. In: Quaternaire, vol. 5, n°2, 1994. pp. 69-77.

Published
1994

29. Der Gallorömische Tempelbezirk und seine Umgebung

Author

Caty Schucany, Peter-A. Schwarz, Olivier Girardclos, Ulrike Lehnert, Claudia Neukom, PETIT Christophe, Laurent Popovitch, Michel Reddé, Angela Schlumbaum, Lucia Wick, Mirjam Wullschleger, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Michel Reddé, Girardclos, Olivier, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2011

30. Dendroarchaeological contributions to the history of forest exploitation: the case of the Gallo-roman settlement of Oedenburg (Alsace, France) between 10 AD and 180 AD

Author

Olivier Girardclos, PETIT Christophe, ARSCAN_ARCHEO_ENV, Utilisateur générique, Pascale Fraiture, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéologies, Cultures et Sociétés (ACS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Dendro-typology, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Quercus sp, Gallo-Roman logging, Age growth trend, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, forest structure
Abstract

International audience; Dendro-archaeological contribution to the history of forest exploitation. The case of the Gallo-Roman settlement of Oedenburg (Alsace, France) between 10 and 180 AD summary Dendrochronology has never been considered as simply a dating tool. In addition to the dates, which are always based on a regional scale signal, tree-ring series can provide information about forest structure and woodland development. Our study of the settlement of Oedenburg, established in the Rhine Limes of the Roman Empire, was conducted within this framework. The dated series provide a description of some structural aspects of oak-stands that were exploited for construction. In this aim, the analytic tools employed are "age trend patterns" and series classification or dendro-typology. The archaeological series were also compared to modern forest characteristics. Throughout the chronology, woodland development appears dominated by two stages. The first is oak tree harvest. We observe that (1) series patterns from a single archaeological structure are more similar than between structures, and (2) wide tree rings are present during the juvenile phase. These rings are wider than those observed consecutively in modern logging. The effect of oak tree harvesting is local high-forest clearing. During the second stage, the high forest is in the process of recovery. After a few years of aging, Gallo-Roman oak ring width becomes sharply inferior to that observed in the actual forest. This can be explained by the high degree of competition between trees due to a poor thinning grade during recovery. Within the chronology, stands were first exploited using a harvest and recovery system; second, supply may have focused Key words forest structure / Gallo-Roman logging / dendro-typology / age growth trend / Quercus sp. on preserved trees; and third, the regeneration rate was respected , but harvest age was lowered, resulting in stronger thinning of a stand, although they appear denser than present day managed high forests.

Published
2011

31. L'exploitation de la forêt vue par la dendro-archéologie : l'exemple d'Oedenburg (Alsace) entre 10 et 180 apr. J.-C

Author

Olivier Girardclos, PETIT Christophe, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Girardclos, Olivier, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Dynamique forestière, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Quercus sp, exploitation forestière gallo-romaine- dendro-typologie, chêne, [ SHS.ENVIR ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies
Published
2011

32. Dendrochronologie et dendroclimatologie du chêne en France. Questions posées par le transfert de données de bois historiques vers la dendroclimatologie

Author

Christophe Perrault, Pascale Fraiture, Yannick Ledigol, Olivier Girardclos, Vincent Bernard, Georges-Noël Lambert, Patrick Gassmann, Willy Tegel, François Lebourgeois, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de dendrochronologie de l'Office et Musée cantonal d'archéologie, LATENIUM, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dendrotech, Astrade L., Miramont C., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Civilisations atlantiques & Archéosciences (C2A), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Civilisations atlantiques & Archéosciences ( C2A ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois ( LERFoB ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech

Subjects
dendrochronologie, 010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, datation, dendrochronology, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, Archéologie et Préhistoire, Archaeology and Prehistory, dating, emppiricism, error, oak, statistics, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 0601 history and archaeology, quercus, chêne, empirisme, erreur, statistiques, france, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The dating process needs a set of historical, archaeological and mathematical postulations. The accepted error must be adapted to the aim : the way the dates will be used by other specialists, a date being either an accessory in a large speech or an essential node in a demonstration. The error effect is different in a local analyse, i.e. about a building, and in a research concerning thousands of wood pieces of a large area, which in it is necessary to know better the nature of the error. In the aim to rebuild the climate of the last millenary from trees of Northern France and low lands near the frontiers (ESCARSEL program), we are proposing a way to sort dendrochronological results coming from archaeology and history respecting the way they were build., Le processus de datation dendrochronologique implique un mélange de postulats historiques, archéologiques et mathématiques. La marge d'erreur tolérée des dates livrées doit être adaptée à l'usage qu 'il en est fait, la date dendrochronologique pouvant être aussi bien une indication accessoire à un discours qu 'un élément clé d'une démonstration. L'erreur acceptable n 'est pas la même dans le rapport monographique d'un monument que dans l'évaluation d'une construction de plusieurs milliers de bois issus d'une vaste zone — la moitié nord de la France et ses marges de basse altitude. L'exigence de transparence de l'erreur est plus grande. Dans la perspective de tenter une reconstruction climatique du 2e millénaire de notre ère (programme ANR ESCARSEL) à partir du chêne, dans la zone en question, nous avons mis au point un calcul qui filtre les séries datées en tenant compte de la nature de la méthode qui les a datés en amont., Lambert Georges, Bernard Vincent, Dupouey Jean-Luc, Fraiture Pascale, Gassmann Patrick, Girardclos Olivier, Lebourgeois François, Ledigol Yannick, Perrault Christophe, Tegel Willy. Dendrochronologie et dendroclimatologie du chêne en France. Questions posées par le transfert de données de bois historiques vers la dendroclimatologie. In: Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie, numéro 11, 2010. Panorama de la dendrochronologie en France. pp. 205-216.

Published
2010

33. Holocene history of the River Seine, Paris, France: bio-chronostratigraphic and geomorphological evidence from the Quai-Branly

Author

Olivier Girardclos, Gisèle Allenet, Chantal Leroyer, Patrick Pion, Christine Chaussé, Pascal Raymond, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Protohistoire celtique, Archéologies d'Orient et d'Occident et Sciences des textes (AOROC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Laboratoire de géographie physique ( LGP ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire ( CReAAH ), Université de Nantes - UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Le Mans Université ( UM ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives ( INRAP ), Archéologies d'Orient et d'Occident et Sciences des textes ( AOROC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Floodplain, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, River Seine, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, pollen data, [ SDV.EE.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Ecology, Paleontology, climatic response, Archaeology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, vegetation landscape, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, hydrodynamic evolution, Boreal, 13. Climate action, Tufa, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Subatlantic, Alluvium, dendrochronology, France, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Levee, Quaternary, Geology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

Bio-chronostratigraphic observations compiled from Quai-Branly in Paris (France) and their comparison with previous studies in the Paris Basin allow documentation of the morphodynamic evolution of the River Seine during the middle and late Holocene. This history begins in the Boreal (between 9500 and 8850 cal. BP), with the deposition of tufa, expressing a stabilized river bed. During the second part of the sub-Boreal the water-table was low. At the beginning of the sub-Atlantic (towards 2800/2700 cal. BP), alluvial dynamics increase, as is recorded elsewhere throughout the Paris Basin. At the beginning of the second part of the sub-Atlantic (around 2000 cal. BP), flood dynamics persisted at a lower intensity. Human occupation occurred from the fifth century AD. Before or around the beginning of the seventeenth century AD, a natural levee was built, indicating the progressive attachment of the Quai-Branly area to the floodplain. The hydrodynamic evolution of the River Seine observed at the Quai-Branly site is similar to that recorded in other river valley floors of the Paris Basin. This evolution appears to be in response to global climatic changes rather than to variations induced by human activities.

Published
2008

34. Milieux humides et aménagements anthropiques dans la plaine alluviale du Rhin : le site romain d’Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin)

Author

PETIT Christophe, Olivier Girardclos, Vincent Ollive, Michel Reddé, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Ollive, Vincent, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2004

35. Chapitre 3. Aspects de la vie quotidienne

Author

Élisabeth Fuhrer, Corinne Goy, Claudine Munier, Danièle Alexandre Bidon, Françoise Bouchet, Benoît Clavel, Sophie Dommelier, Catherine Lavier, Caroline Martin, and Olivier Girardclos

Published
2000

36. Anthraco-typology as a method of understanding firewood exploitation and woodland management practices through archaeological charcoal fragments

Author

Picornell-Gelabert Llorenç, Alexa Dufraisse, Sylvie Coubray, Marta Alcolea, Olivier Girardclos, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dufraisse, Alexa, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

37. Dendro-archaeological contribution to the history of forest exploitation. The case of the Gallo-Roman settlement of Odenburg (Alsace, France) between 10 and 180 AD

Author

Olivier Girardclos, PETIT Christophe, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Desbois-Garcia, Sophie, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Forest structure, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Quercus sp, Gallo-Roman logging, [ SHS.ENVIR ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, age growth trend, dendro-typology

38. Biomass, mineralomass and microbial communities at poplar phytomanagement sites: a ten-year study

Author

Michel CHALOT, Olivier Girardclos, Loïc Yung, Cyril Zappelini, Benoit Valot, Julie Foulon, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

39. Caractérisation du charbonnage moderne et contemporain bisontin (Franche-Comté, France) et de son impact sur les peuplements forestiers : le cas de la forêt de Chailluz

Author

Dupin, Aurore, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Emilie Gauthier, Olivier Girardclos, Alexa Dufraisse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Époque moderne, Forêt de Chailluz, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Charcaol kilns, Anthracologie, Modern period, Anthracology, Franche-Comté, Chailluz forest, Charbonnières
Abstract

The Franche-Comté forest, in particular the forest of Besançon, suffered heavily from its exploitation during the 18th and 19th centuries, causing a wood shortage in the territory. In many historiographical sources and research, the reasons of this shortage appear to be complex and manifold. The discovery of nearly a thousand charcoal platforms in the Chailluz forest has led to a series of questions concerning the function of this forest and the role of charcoal production in the wood shortage. The first fruits of an archival study made it possible to identify and characterize the major consumers of wood in the territory of Besançon during the 18th and 19th centuries other than the charcoal production, because rarely mentioned in the literature. The archaeometric study of the Chailluz charcoal platforms made it possible to characterize the charcoal production at the end of the modern age, providing the image of the 18th century forest stands and the impact of this practice on Chailluz.; La forêt franc-comtoise, en particulier la forêt bisontine, a lourdement souffert de son exploitation au cours des XVIIIème et XIXème siècles, entrainant une pénurie de bois sur le territoire bisontin. Dans de nombreuses sources historiographiques et travaux de recherche, les raisons de cette pénurie apparaissent comme étant complexes et multiples. La découverte de près d'un millier de plateformes de charbonnage en forêt de Chailluz a induit toute une série de questionnements concernant la fonction de cette forêt et le rôle du charbonnage dans la pénurie de bois bisontine. Les prémices d’une étude archivistique ont permis d’identifier et de caractériser les grands consommateurs du bois du territoire bisontin durant les XVIIIème et XIXème siècles autres que l’activité charbonnière, puisque très rarement citée dans les textes. L’étude archéométrique des plateformes de la forêt de Chailluz a permis de caractériser le charbonnage de la fin de l’époque moderne, fournissant alors l’image des peuplements forestiers du XVIIIème siècle ainsi que l’impact de cette pratique sur cette forêt.

Published
2018

40. Supply and uses of wood in Auvergne, from the Iron Age in the Middle Ages

Author

Blondel, François, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Stefan Wirth, Emilie Gauthier, Olivier Girardclos, STAR, ABES, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)

Subjects
Transformations, Typology, Bois archéologiques, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Paléoenvironnement, Supply, Palaeoenvironment, Approvisionnement, Typologie, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Usages, Waterlogged wood, Uses
Abstract

Waterlogged woods are rare discoveries in archeology because of the conditions inherent in their conservation. When they reach us, they give a lot of data on the importance of this material for past populations.Auvergne is a privileged context for their conservation. Thousands of woods from fortuitous discoveries or archaeological excavations are dated from the Neolithic to the modern era, however the corpus covers mostly the Second Iron Age until the Middle Ages.The diversity of the woods enables a better understanding of different uses according to their respective destination.The state of conservation of many elements gives information about the different stages of shaping, from the felling of the tree to its implementation.Each wood is detailed specifically by field and category to be compared with the remains of other regions. The technological and typological approach is treated as exhaustively as possible.Taxonomic diversity documents collection practices and their evolution in a forest area impacted by humans.The contribution of dendrochronology informs the evolutions of supplies, mainly for the construction, and releases certain features of the silvicultural practices in the exploited forest stands., Les bois gorgés d’eau sont des découvertes rares en archéologie, du fait des conditions inhérentes à leur conservation. Quand ils nous parviennent, ils livrent de nombreuses données sur la place de ce matériau pour les populations anciennes.L’Auvergne est un contexte privilégié pour leur conservation. Des milliers de bois issus de découvertes fortuites ou de fouilles archéologiques sont datés du Néolithique à l’époque moderne, mais le corpus couvre surtout le Second âge du Fer jusqu’au Moyen Âge.La diversité des bois permet d’appréhender les différents usages selon leur destination respective. Le bon état de nombreux éléments renseigne de différentes étapes de façonnage de l’abattage de l’arbre à sa mise en œuvre.Chaque bois est détaillé spécifiquement par domaine et catégorie pour être comparé aux vestiges d’autres régions. L’approche technologique et typologique est traitée le plus exhaustivement possible.Le spectre taxonomique renseigne les pratiques de collecte et leur évolution sur un espace forestier impacté par l’homme.L’apport de la dendrochronologie renseigne les évolutions des approvisionnements, principalement pour la construction, et dégage certains traits des pratiques sylvicoles sur les peuplements forestiers exploités.

Published
2018

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