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This final report describes a project in which videotapes of secondary school students performing linguistic and communicative tasks at various levels of French and Spanish instruction were produced. The videotapes are intended to illustrate levels of foreign language acquisition to language teachers. High achieving students were filmed after 2, 3, 4, or 5 years of study in French or Spanish classes. The resulting protocols illustrate giving and taking directions in Spanish and French, interviewing a native Spanish speaker, French pronunciation, story retelling in French, cloze testing in French, and sentence combining in French. The tapes have been evaluated by consultants and teachers. An instructor's guide has been developed for each protocol to aid teachers in interpreting the students' performance. The guides, evaluation reports, and a reprint of a related article are appended. (RW)

Presenting a longitudinal study of factors influencing the text-forming strategies children employ in early stages of writing development, this report focuses on the differences between children's oral and written texts and the development of writing ability. The first two chapters present cohesion results, with the first chapter providing dictation and writing data for the grades 1 and 2 population and the second chapter presenting replication results comparing kindergarten-grade one and older population (grades 1-2) groups' cohesion in both dictation and writing. The third chapter discusses story structure results in terms of their theoretical significance and implications for writing development, while a fourth chapter integrates cohesion and story structure conclusions into an analysis of the transition to writing emphasizing patterns of development. Finally, the fifth chapter presents a case study of the development of a kindergarten child's writing abilities. Appendixes include (1) a description of study procedures, (2) cohesion MANOVAs by mode and grade for urban and suburban schools, (3) cohesion MANOVAs for school, mode and observation, (4) story structure MANOVAs in retelling dictation and writing at urban and suburban schools, and (5) a discussion of text length and syntactic complexity. (HOD)

Data were collected from 213 interviewees to determine their perceptions of how the television program, "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood," serves the affective needs of handicapped children and of professionals who work with them. The interviews included questions about items used to describe the actual and an ideal program, actual and ideal professional roles, personal enjoyment, social desirability, and enjoyment of nonverbal images. The program was found to function closely to the ideals of professionals in its emphasis on dealing with children as unique individuals, appreciating individual differences, and assisting children to develop a sense of self-worth, independence and enjoyment of new ways of learning. (LH)

The project focuses on two loosely-related hypotheses regarding a contradiction existing in the results of previous research on the relationship between labor force participation and unemployment. This contradiction is the persistent tendency of the estimated effect of unemployment on labor force participation--and hence estimates of "hidden unemployment"--to be greater when cross section data based on Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA) aggregates are used than when economy-wide time series data are used. The hypotheses put forward to explain this contradiction are: (1) that the cross section estimates are biased as the result of labor force heterogeneity across SMSA's; and (2) that the problem of mutual determination of labor force participation and unemployment is a much more likely cause of spurious correlation between these two variables in the cross section than in the time series data. (Author)

To explore the demographic, professional and ideational dimensions of educational-journal editors and to investigate publishing processes in general, questionnaires were sent to a list of journal editors and in-depth interviews were held with eight editors, two each from research, scholarly, professional, and association publications. Journal-author relationships, criteria for manuscript selection, and anticipated futures of education were discussed and data was analyzed. Conclusions were drawn about systematic attention to editorial practices and editorial success within their environments. Suggestions were made for editorial workshops which might provide for better service and greater accountability to the field. (SK)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the agricultural-industrial equipment dealership partsman is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 123 tasks were identified. A random sample of 70 agricultural-industrial equipment dealerships based on the 1975 directory of the Farm and Power Equipment Retailers in Ohio was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Thirty-six completed questionnaires were returned. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of dealership, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a partsman. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the feed salesman is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 103 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 retail feed businesses based on the 1975 directory of the Ohio Grain, Feed, and Fertilizer Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Forty-five questionnaires were returned of which 30 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of feed business, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a feed salesman. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the bulk fertilizer plant worker is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 146 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 bulk fertilizer plants based on the 1975 directory of the Ohio Grain, Feed, and Fertilizer Association was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Thirty-three questionnaires were returned of which 24 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of fertilizer plant, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a bulk fertilizer plant worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the buildings and grounds foreman is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 107 tasks were identified. A random sample of 48 parks and recreation departments based on the directory of the Ohio Parks and Recreation Association was obtained. Data were collected utilizing an employee questionnaire. Thirty questionnaires were returned of which 27 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a buildings and grounds foreman. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the feed mill workers is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 135 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 retail feed businesses based on the 1975 directory of the Ohio Grain, Feed, and Fertilizer Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Forty-two questionnaires were returned of which 39 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of feed mill, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a feed mill worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the agricultural-industrial equipment mechanic is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 456 tasks were identified. A random sample of 70 agricultural-industrial equipment dealerships based on the 1975 directory of the Association of Farm and Power Equipment in Ohio was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Thirty-one questionnaires were returned of which 30 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of dealership, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a mechanic. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the all-round logger is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 107 tasks were identified. A random sample of 110 logging operations based on the directory of the Ohio Forestry Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Twenty-four questionnaires were returned of which 16 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size logging operation, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as an all-round logger. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the animal health assistant is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 268 tasks were identified. A random sample of 100 veterinarians operating small animal care hospitals from the 1975 directory of the Ohio Veterinary Medical Associaiton was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Fifty-four questionnaires were returned of which 44 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of small animal care practice, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as an animal health assistant. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the chemical applicator is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 199 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 businesses applying chemicals for agricultural purposes based on the 1975 Ohio Pesticide Applicators and Operators directory was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Fifty questionnaires were returned of which 47 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of business, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a chemical applicator. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the greenhouse worker is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 265 tasks were identified. A random sample of 77 greenhouse operations based on the 1975 mailing list of the Ohio Florist's Association was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Forty-six questionnaires were returned of which 39 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of greenhouse operation, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a greenhouse worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the sawmill worker is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills whcih are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 84 tasks were identified. A random sample of 78 sawmill operations based on the directory of the Ohio Forestry Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing an employer and employee questionnaire. Thirty-five questionnaires were returned of which 33 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of sawmill operation, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a sawmill worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the agricultural-industrial equipment dealership set-up and deliveryman is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 75 tasks were identified. A random sample of 70 agricultural-industrial equipment dealerships was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Twenty-nine questionnaires were returned of which 26 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of dealership, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a set-up and deliveryman. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the park worker is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 268 tasks were identified. A random sample of 78 park departments based on the directory of the Ohio Parks and Recreation Association was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Forty-three questionnaires were returned of which 40 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of park department, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a park worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the soil conservation district aide is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 228 tasks were identified. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire to 104 identified Ohio soil and water conservation district aides. Ninety questionnaires were returned of which 79 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a soil conservation district aide. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the tree service worker is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 158 tasks were identified. A random sample of 76 tree service firms was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Twenty-five questionnaires were returned of which 24 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of tree service firm, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a tree service worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the floral designer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field and 137 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 floral shops based on the 1975 mailing list of the Ohio Florist's Association was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Seventy-five questionnaires were returned of which 46 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of business, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a floral designer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the meat cutter is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 214 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 meat cutters based on the Kroger Company and Cardinal Foods office records was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Forty questionnaires were returned of which 38 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of retail meat market department, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a meat cutter. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the dairy farmer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 312 tasks were identified. A random sample of 74 dairy farmers based on the 1974-75 Ohio Young Farmers Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Forty-eight questionnaires were returned of which 43 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size and type of dairy operation, years as a dairy farmer, and preparation as a dairy farmer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the horse farm hand is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field and 171 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 horse establishments was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Thirty-two completed questionnaires were returned. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size of the horse establishment, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a horse farm hand. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the beef farmer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 279 tasks were identified. A random sample of 77 beef farmers based on the 1974-75 directory of the Ohio Young Farmers Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Thirty-five questionnaires were returned of which 30 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size and type of beef organization, years as a beef farmer, and preparation as a beef farmer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the commercial vegetable producer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field and 283 tasks were identified. A random sample of 84 commercial vegetable producers based on the 1975 directory of the Ohio Vegetable and Potato Growers was otabined. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Forty-three questionnaires were returned of which 37 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size and kind of commerical vegetable farm, years as a commercial vegetable producer, and preparation as a commercial vegetable producer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the dairy plant worker is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 175 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 dairy plants was obtained. Data was collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Thirty-three questionnaires were returned of which 30 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on size of dairy plant, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a dairy plant worker. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the swine farmer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 287 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 swine farmers based on the 1974-75 directory of the Ohio Young Farmers Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Thirty-five questionnaires were returned of which 32 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size and type of swine operation, years as a swine farmer, and preparation as a swine farmer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the farm manager (owner-operator) is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 187 tasks were identified. A random sample of 67 farm managers (owner-operator) was obtained. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Thirty-two completed questionnaires were returned. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on kind of farm operation, years as a farmer, and preparation as a farm manager. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational education programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the forage producer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 247 tasks were identified. A random sample of 62 forage producers based on the 1974-75 Ohio Young Farmers Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Twenty questionnaires were returned of which 17 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size of the forage enterprise, years as a forage producer, and preparation as a forage producer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the grain farmer is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field, and 248 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 grain farmers based on the 1974-75 Ohio Young Farmers Association, Inc. was obtained. Data were collected utilizing a questionnaire. Thirty-eight questionnaires were returned of which 32 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size and type of grain farm, years as a grain farmer, and preparation as a grain farmer. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the retail lawn and garden center mechanic is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructing an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field and 258 tasks were identified. A random sample of 74 lawn and garden centers offering equipment repair services was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Fifteen questionnaires were returned of which 13 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size of a retail lawn and garden center, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a retail lawn and garden center equipment mechanic. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average level of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

The purpose of the project was to identify a common core of basic skills for agribusiness and natural resources instruction in vocational education. This objective was undertaken through an inventory of 28 tasks and 28 occupational surveys. Completed task inventories were made for 28 representative occupations in agribusiness and natural resources: daily farmer, swine farmer, beef farmer, horse farm hand, grain farmer, forage producer, commercial vegetable producer, farm manager (owner-operator), feed salesman, feed mill worker, bulk fertilizer plant worker, chemical application equipment operator, animal health assistant, agricultural-industrial equipment mechanic, agricultural-industrial equipment set-up and delivery man, agricultural-industrial equipment partsman, tree service worker, floral designer, greenhouse worker, retail landscape and garden center salesman, horticultural firm equipment mechanic (small gas engines), park worker, buildings and grounds foreman, soil conservation aide, sawmill worker, all-round logger, meat cutter, and dairy plant worker. The final report does not include specific findings but discusses briefly project goals, procedures, results, and conclusions. Specific findings relating to each of the occupational surveys of the 28 occupations and findings relating to tasks common within the four taxonomies of agricultural production; agricultural business, supply, and service; agricultural mechanics; and horticulture are all reported separately in related project documents. (Author/EC)

Occupational information needed for the development of vocational and technical education curricula in agriculture is presented in the report. It discusses the findings of occupational surveys of incumbent workers that relate to the identification of a common core of skills or tasks performed within each of the following vocational education in agricultural taxonomy areas: agricultural production (eight occupations); agricultural business, supply, and service (four occupations); agricultural mechanics (four occupations); and horticulture (four occupations). A total of 1,476 questionnaires were mailed and 720 replies were received. Background information was collected on the total work experience in the occupation, employment at current job, size of business where employed, and preparation for the occupation. Data are provided for 2,013 task statements in agricultural production; 593 task statements in agricultural business, supply, and service; 1,354 task statements in agriculture mechanics; and 786 task statements in horticulture. The common core of skills for the agricultural production industry was divided into areas of farm management, farm mechanics, animal production, and crop production. Data on the common core of skills are presented in tabular form. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated based on the data obtained from the occupational surveys. A selected bibliography is included. (Author/EC)

To improve vocational educational programs in agriculture, occupational information on a common core of basic skills within the occupational area of the retail landscape and garden store salesman is presented in the revised task inventory survey. The purpose of the occupational survey was to identify a common core of basic skills which are performed and are essential for success in the occupation. Objectives were accomplished by constructuring an initial task inventory to identify duty areas and task statements for the occupation. The initial task inventory was reviewed by consultants in the field and 147 tasks were identified. A random sample of 75 retail landscape and garden store centers was obtained. Data were collected utilizing employer and employee questionnaires. Thirty-four questionnaires were returned of which 29 were usable. A compilation of basic sample background information is presented on the size of a retail landscape and garden center, total work experience, employment at current job, and preparation as a retail landscape and garden store salesman. A compilation of duty areas of work performed and work essential for the occupation is given. Percentage performance by incumbent workers and the average levels of importance of specific task statements are presented in tabular form. (Author/EC)

The report is a study of the utility of social reinforcement for improving Air Force training. It was conducted through a field evaluation of social incentive instructional systems which would serve to improve student motivation, classroom performance, and attitudes. The participants included a total of 300 trainees from two Air Force bases; 25 instructors were involved, two of whom participated in two experimental treatments. Data were collected on performance records, instructor evaluation, and trainee attitudes. The experimental treatments attempted to increase the incidence of student leadership behaviors and included the Baseline Control Condition, the Leader Attitude Training System, the Leader Recognition System, and the Classroom Behavior Development System (CBDS). The activities, covering a period of approximately three months, are described for each experimental system. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess their impact. The general finding was that none of the classroom social leadership systems had any important positive or negative effect on block examination scores, on completion time, on trainee attitudes, or on instructors' assessment of student performance. The CBDS had a positive effect on student attitudes toward fellow trainees. Twenty-two tables supplement the discussion. Appendixes (132 pages) present the instructors manuals used in the four intervention systems and additional tabulated data. (Author/EC)

Teaching styles and possible sex-typed differences in teaching approaches were studied at Ohio State University. Classroom teaching behaviors of 167 professors were observed, and interviews with a subsample of 30 professors were conducted. Additionally, student reactions to these classroom behaviors were assessed through a questionnaire administered at the end of the term. It was hypothesized that sex differences in teaching styles exist because of the role strain and status inconsistency experienced by women professors. Fairly clear and consistent sex differences were found in three kinds of teaching behaviors: those involving (1) good teaching, (2) authority management, and (3) personalizing in the classroom. While both male and female professors were equally committed to teaching in general and both were likely to spend the majority of classroom time lecturing with a fair amount of time given to student participation, women professors seemed to take a more person-oriented, student-centered approach to teaching. They were concerned with the emotional atmosphere in the classroom, with students as total persons, and with involving students extensively in the learning process. Women's orientations were more expressive and less instrumental than the men's. This difference in orientation is clearly evident in both the interview and observational data. Although teaching styles did not appear to be strong determinants of student evaluations, differences in evaluations of male and female professors are noted. A sample student questionnaire and faculty interview schedule and references are appended. (SW)