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A new high yield and inexpensive composite was fabricated by supporting tungsten oxide on metakaolin via the incipient wetness impregnation method to use in oxidative desulfurization reaction and produce ultra‐clean fuel. The prepared catalyst was characterized by various techniques like XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, which indicated the catalyst was properly constructed. Initially, desulfurization was examined by loading different amounts of tungsten on the metakaolin surface. Based on the results, 15 % W/metakaolin showed high catalytic activity for the model and real fuels. Moreover, the influence of the main operating variables was studied through the Box–Behnken experimental design. The maximum sulfur removal reached to 99.3 % at a reaction temperature of 60 °C, oxidant to sulfur molar ratio12, catalyst dosage 0.04 g and oxidation time 40 min. Desulfurization from gasoline and gas oil with initial sulfur contents of 300 ppm and 7550 ppm was done under optimum conditions, which represented an efficiency of 60 % and 74 %, respectively. Performing the recycling tests proved the great durability of the catalyst after five runs. This research sheds light that the employed catalyst has excellent activity for industrial applications in the desulfurization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolites hold importance as catalysts and membranes across numerous industrial processes that produce most of the world's fuels and chemicals. In zeolite catalysis, the rate of molecular diffusion inside the micropore channels defines the catalyst's longevity and selectivity, thereby influencing the catalytic efficiency. Decreasing the diffusion pathlengths of zeolites to the nanoscopic level by fabricating well‐organized hierarchically porous architecture can efficiently overcome their intrinsic mass‐transfer limitations without losing hydrothermal stability. We report a rational post‐synthetic design for synthesizing hierarchically ordered FAU‐type zeolites exhibiting 2D‐hexagonal (P6mm) and 3D‐cubic (Ia3‾ ${\bar{3}}$ d) mesopore channels. The synthesis involves methodical incision of the parent zeolite into unit‐cell level zeolitic fragments by in situ generated base and bulky surfactants. The micellar ensembles formed by these surfactant‐zeolite interactions are subsequently reorganized into various ordered mesophases by tuning the micellar curvature with ion‐specific interactions (Hofmeister effect). Unlike conventional crystallization, which offers poor control over mesophase formation due to kinetic constraints, crystalline mesostructures can be developed under dilute, mild alkaline conditions by controlled reassembly. The prepared zeolites with nanometric diffusion pathlengths have demonstrated excellent yields of naphtha and middle‐distillates in vacuum gas oil hydrocracking with decreased coke deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addressed the challenges associated with the complexity, numerous parameters, computational resource demands, and slow processing speed of transformer fault identification models based on deep learning technologies. Sparse convolutional neural network (CNN) approach is proposed for identifying faults related to dissolved gases in oil. Leveraging an improved Gramian angular field, one‐dimensional fault samples are converted into two‐dimensional feature images and data augmentation is implemented to meet the input requirements of deep learning models. Building upon visual geometry group (VGG)19 and residual networks (ResNet)50 networks for fault diagnosis, sparsity techniques are introduced through pruning, the fusion of convolution layers and batch normalization layers, and parameter quantization. Numerical experiments and performance evaluations on dissolved gas in transformer oil fault data demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduced model complexity, minimized parameter count, conserved computational resources, and improved processing speed while maintaining a considerable level of fault identification accuracy. This made it applicable to edge computing platforms characterized by small form factors and low power consumption in the power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aromatic compound (E)-anethol is widely used in the flavor, fragrance, and medicinal industries. This compound is commonly produced through steam distillation of fennel, star anise, and anise seed. Given the cost of production, these natural and authentic essential oils are commonly adulterated with lower-cost natural materials or synthetic alternatives. The current study investigates essential oil profiles (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and stable isotope ratios (gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry) of the abundant compound (E)-anethol in both authentic reference standards (n = 15) and commercially available samples (n = 30). This multifaceted analytical approach establishes techniques for ensuring the authenticity of essential oil sources of (E)-anethol and was then used to evaluate the current essential oil market sources of (E)-anethol. These findings report that adulteration of (E)-anethol-containing natural products takes various forms, and a multifaceted analytical approach is recommended for authentication. Of the commercial samples analyzed for this report, 27% were adulterated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of depressant additives is the most common method for producing diesel fuels with improved low-temperature properties. However, the depressants effectiveness largely depends on the composition of the diesel fuel, in particular on the content of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons, which to the greatest extent determine the low-temperature properties of the fuel. The work revealed the regularities of the n-paraffins addition influence on the depressant additives effectiveness. It was found that the addition of n-paraffins to blends of diesel fuels with depressants in low concentrations (0.05–0.50% wt.) enhances the depressants effectiveness in relation to the cold filter plugging point: maximum at 6–16 °C depending on the diesel fuel sample. It is shown that the effect is observed for DF of various compositions, various depressants, and also n-paraffins of various compositions. It was established that the positive effect of adding n-paraffins increases with the heavier added n-paraffins. Recommendations have been developed for obtaining diesel fuels with improved low-temperature properties and enhancing the depressant additives effectiveness: for a sample of straight-run diesel fuel F1, it is recommended to use a blend of fuel, depressant A1 and 0.50% wt. n-paraffins, separated from heavy gasoil; for a sample of straight-run diesel fuel F2, it is recommended to use a blend of fuel, depressant A2 and 0.50% wt. n-paraffins, separated from heavy gasoil or a blend of fuel, depressant A1 and 0.05% wt. n-paraffins, separated from highly paraffinic oil fraction. The revealed patterns and the developed recommendations will allow increasing the production of low-freezing DF brands, and also offer a resource-efficient option for using heavy gas oil fractions. The results obtained in the work contribute to expanding the understanding of the mechanism of interaction between diesel fuel hydrocarbons and the active ingredients of depressant additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an integration of various approaches to delimit potential play elements and prospects in the 'Soka' Field Coastal swamp, Niger Delta. This study is a multiple cross-disciplinary work that combined sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical principles to delineate potential reservoirs, seals, and the source rock in the study area. One genetic sequence was identified using seismic sequence stratigraphy and well logs data; the depositional key surfaces, system tracts and their various parasequences were mapped out with the aid of biostratigraphic makers. The result for this study showed that there are two major reservoirs sand that contained hydrocarbon from the well log readings, named top-3 and top-10 reservoirs, regardless of other reservoirs that were encountered. Three major system tracts were encountered, the progradational stacking sediment package of both HST and LST and transgressive sand Package of TST. The depositional environments are of fluvial and deltaic or shallow marine interaction. The following environments were predicted from their various log signatures; they include pro-delta, trangressive marine shelf, slope fan, and tidal channel deposits with this corresponding lithology: shale, sand, heterolith and shaley sand respectively. From the seismic interpretation, it was discovered that this field is highly faulted. The petrophysical analysis revealed that Soka-002 and Soka-004 amongst other wells have much and better reservoir than the rest wells. The average effective porosity is between 20-25%, the average net-to-gross ratio is about 75-75% and hydrocarbon saturation ranges from 65-95%. From the petrophysical crossplot it was discovered that the area of study has good reservoirs capable of habouring hydrocarbon, also the volumetrics estimation showed that Soka-002 and Soka-004 has more and better reservoir zones than the other wells in the field. Generally, the results from sequence stratigraphy, petrophysical analysis and volumetric estimation showed that the study area is highly petroliferous and viable for any economical investments since most of the reservoirs are saturated with either oil or gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The currently observed uncertainty in financial markets related to changes taking place in the modern world requires investors to look for tools that allow for good forecasting of the price of financial instruments. The detection of causal relationships may contribute to improving the quality of forecasts by reducing the variance of the prediction error. The aim of the research is to detect nonlinear Granger causality in both directions between selected financial instruments and to check whether the identified relationships are stable over time. Design/methodology/approach: The study of causal relationships between selected financial instruments was carried out using the nonparametric Diks-Panchenko test. This test identifies all types of relationships: linear and nonlinear. Findings: In the first phase of the study, nonlinear Granger causality was tested using the nonparametric Diks-Panchenko test. Six values of lags and two distance measures were used. It is then shown that the significance of the detected relationships has changed in recent years. For this purpose, two directions of causality and three sub-periods were analyzed. Research limitations/implications: Due to the short-term character of the detected relationships, they should be taken into consideration primarily by market participants, to create effective investment portfolios and risk-hedging strategies. Practical implications: Application in making investment decisions on the capital market. Originality/value: The use of information on causal relationships to improve the quality of forecasts related to the energy and currency markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steam flooding is one of the most widely used heavy oil thermal recovery technologies. Steam transfers heat to heavy oil to reduce viscosity and improve fluidity. The current problem is that steam loses a lot of heat in the formation, and there are serious carbon emissions in the whole production process. In this paper, flue gas and steam were combined to drive heavy oil in the form of composite thermal fluid, and foam was added on this basis. With the help of one-dimensional sandpack model, both single-model and parallel dual-model with permeability ratio experiments were conducted to investigate key characteristics such as steam heat transfer, heavy oil production and flue gas retention during the displacement process. The experimental results indicated that flue gas effectively inhibited steam condensation and reduced heat loss during the flow process. Compared to steam flooding, the sandpack model exhibited temperature rises of 4.4°C and 9.1°C at the middle and end, respectively. While flue gas foam fell slightly short of flue gas in terms of enhanced heat transfer, it outperforms in recovery factor, achieving a 10.4% improvement over flue gas-assisted steam flooding. The foam blocked gas channeling by accumulating and capturing along the flow path, resulting in a gas retention volume of 389 mL within the model. Furthermore, the flue gas foam facilitated steam flow to previously unswept low-permeability areas, thus enhancing oil recovery. In the parallel double-model experiment, the low-permeability model exhibited significantly improved oil displacement efficiency compared to flue gas-assisted steam flooding, and the remaining oil content in the end of the high permeability model was increased by 1.9%, while the remaining oil content in the front and end of the low-permeability model was reduced by 3.5% and 3.8% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hydrocarbon resources were considered as the basis of Azerbaijan's energy security. Ensuring the most complete and rational use of oil-associated gas resources is important for improving the efficiency of the oil industry and the national economy as a whole. Associated gas from oil fields remains the least demanded hydrocarbon raw material. The perspectives for the use of oil-associated gas are associated with new directions in the technique and technology of its use as a result of the creation and implementation of mobile and stationary power plants that consume gas. Unlike natural gas produced from gas and gas condensate fields, propane-butanoic and pentane fractions, there are hexanes, heptane's and heavy hydrocarbons, including aromatic and naphthene tic compounding. The properties of APG were studied in the laboratories. It is known that the composition of petroleum gas in a particular area, due to changes in the volume of its production on fields, is constantly changing, so it is necessary to periodically update characteristics. The standard technology on gas conditioning for combustion is supplemented with an operation to remove heavy fractions of hydrocarbons in order to prevent these fractions from sticking to the surfaces of these installations with plugs formation and to support optimal fuel burning conditions. The problem of using oil gas in small power must be solved through new, cost-efficient developments that will be widely used both in high-output and small fields. To prepare associated oil gases for combustion, the design of an adsorption device is proposed, which makes it possible to reduce such phenomena when using this type of fuel as the formation of oil and paraffin deposits on the design details of gas burners, the accumulation of products of incomplete combustion of fuel on the heating elements of power plants. With the help of the newly proposed adsorption plant, the process of emulsifying and transporting petroleum gases has become more efficient. The use of this device has increased economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H-Oil gas oils have a higher density and higher nitrogen content, and consequently much lower reactivity than straight-run vacuum gas oils during fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The conversion of H-Oil gas oils observed in a laboratory catalytic cracking unit at constant operating conditions showed a 20 wt.% lower conversion rate than straight-run hydrotreated vacuum gas oil. Thus, a revamp of commercial FCC units, and the selection of a higher activity catalyst with lower coke selectivity is needed to provide the stable trouble-free operation of the unit. The performed revamp of the commercial FCC unit allowed a stable operation at a higher throughput. It also allowed an increased riser outlet temperature from 532 to 550 °C; increased maximum allowable regenerator temperature from 705 to 730 °C; decreased afterburning from 12 to 6 °C; decreased NOx emissions in the flue gas from 250 to 160 mg/Nm3; improved catalyst regeneration; decreased catalyst losses to 0.0142 kg/t feed; and improved catalyst circulation at a higher throughput. It was confirmed in the commercial FCC unit that the H-Oil light vacuum gas oil is the least reactive H-Oil gas oil during catalytic cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the current and future demand for energy, unconventional energy has gradually attracted the attention of scholars around the world. Oil shale has become one of the most important members of the unconventional energy family because of its rich resource reserves and considerable comprehensive utilization value. The traditional mining method can only mine the shallow oil shale resources, and there are problems such as high cost and low efficiency. For this reason, the researchers have proposed electromagnetic heating technology, which is used to thermally crack oil shale underground by electromagnetic heating. It has the advantages of high oil production rate and low environmental pollution. This paper reviewed the electromagnetic heating technology, electromagnetic heating device and oil shale cracking research to provide a reference for future oil shale mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According with the new European Regulations the supply chain sustainability became more and more challenging for the shipping companies. They must adapt their ships to respect the new regulations, but this means economic investment for environmental and social scopes? Or replacement of traditional fuel with a green one, will make the companies more competitive, will reduce costs and will improve the operational performance? It can be difficult for the top management to take and assume a decision like this. In this paper we will use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), like a management instrument, based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) to see what solution brings more advantages for the ship owners and for the community. An illustrative case with two alternative marine fuels, liquified natural gas (LNG) and oil gas, was presented and analyzed in this paper using the proposed method. The most sustainable scenario being the one in which is used natural liquefied gas like marine fuel. The results obtained demonstrate that the method used to prioritize alternative marine fuels is feasible and helps decision makers.

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Chaoshan depression, a Mesozoic basin in the Dongsha sea area, northern South China Sea, is characterized by well-preserved Mesozoic strata, being good conditions for oil-gas preservation, promising good prospects for oil-gas exploration. However, breakthrough in oil-gas exploration in the Mesozoic strata has not been achieved due to less seismic surveys. New long-offset seismic data were processed that acquired with dense grid with single source and single cable. In addition, the data were processed with 3D imaging method and finer processing was performed to highlight the target strata. Combining the new imaging result and other geological information, we conducted integrated interpretation and proposed an exploratory well A-1-1 for potential hydrocarbon. The result provides a reliable basis for achieving breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration in the Mesozoic strata in the northern South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents for the first time an investigation of fluid catalytic cracking of 100 % H-vacuum gas oil at a commercial FCC unit. 100 % straight run hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (HTSRVGO) and 100 % H-vacuum gas oil have been cracked in the commercial LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas fluid catalytic cracking and in a laboratory confined ebbulated bed ACE catalytic cracking unit. The relations between the operating conditions of the commercial FCC unit and conversion level in both cases 100 % HTSRVGO and its blends with H-Oil VGO were investigated using intercriteria analysis. Multiple regressions were developed to quantify the effect of the operating conditions as well as quantity and quality of H-Oil VGO on conversion level in the commercial FCC unit. ACE laboratory tests with feed containing about 20 % H-Oil VGO at different catalyst-to-oil ratios and reaction temperature were performed and the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

R1270, also known as CARE 45, is refrigerant grade propylene (propene), a natural, or "not in kind", refrigerant suitable for use in low and medium temperature refrigeration applications. It is non-toxic, with zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) and very low GWP (Global Warming Potential). This paper researches the effect of a test examination completed to decide the exhibition of local icebox when a melted oil gas (LPG) is locally accessible. The performance of a standard VCRS cycle can be obtained by varying evaporator and condensing temperatures over the required range. The effects of evaporator and condensing temperatures on specific and volumic refrigeration effects of a standard VCRS cycle. As shown in the figure, for a given condenser temperature as evaporator temperature increases the specific refrigeration effect increases marginally. It can be seen that for a given evaporator temperature, the refrigeration effect decreases as condenser temperature increases. These trends can be explained easily with the help of the P-h diagram. It can also be observed that the volumetric refrigeration effect increases rapidly with evaporator temperature due to the increase in specific refrigeration effect and decrease in specific volume of refrigerant vapour at the inlet to the compressor. Volumetric refrigeration effect increases marginally as condenser temperature decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Retinal detachment and other vision-threatening disorders often necessitate vitreous body removal and tamponade injection for retina stabilization. Current clinical tamponades such as silicone oil and expansile gases have drawbacks, including patient discomfort and the need for secondary surgery. We introduce a transparent alginate-phenylboronic acid/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel (TALPPH) as a novel vitreous substitute with tamponading capabilities. In vitro physicochemical, rheological, and optical characterization of in situ self-healable TALPPH was performed, and long-term biocompatibility was assessed in a rabbit model of vitrectomy retinal detachment. In vivo evaluations confirmed TALPPH's ability to inhibit retinal detachment recurrence and preserve rabbit vision without adverse effects. TALPPH's close resemblance to the natural vitreous body suggests potential as a vitreous tamponade substitute for future ophthalmological applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the last decade, exploration for unconventional hydrocarbon (shale gas) reservoirs has been carried out in Poland. The drilling of wells in prospective shale gas areas supplies numerous physicochemical measurements from rock and reservoir fluid samples. The objective of this paper is to present the method that has been developed for finding similarities between individual geological structures in terms of their hydrocarbon generation properties and hydrocarbon resources. The measurements and geochemical investigations of six wells located in the Ordovician, Silurian, and Cambrian formations of the Polish part of the East European Platform are used. Cluster analysis is used to compare and classify objects described by multiple attributes. The focus is on the issue of generating clusters that group samples within the gas, condensate, and oil windows. The vitrinite reflectance value (Ro) is adopted as the criterion for classifying individual samples into the respective windows. An additional issue was determining other characteristic geochemical properties of the samples classified into the selected clusters. Two variants of cluster analysis are applied—the furthest neighbor method and Ward’s method—which resulted in 10 and 11 clusters, respectively. Particular attention was paid to the mean Ro values (within each cluster), allowing the classification of samples from a given cluster into one of the windows (gas, condensate, or oil). Using these methods, the samples were effectively classified into individual windows, and their percentage share within the Silurian, Ordovician, and Cambrian units is determined.

This study analyzes the influence of the corrosion inhibitor films "Olazol T2P," "Olazol 26501," "Telaz," "Inkorgaz-21T," and "IKB2-2" on corrosion damage of 20-KSH steel in the moist atmosphere of the simulated solution of reservoir water of oil fields. It was established that the preliminary application of the corrosion inhibitor films "Olazol T2P," "Olazol 26501," and "Telaz" to the steel surface effectively increased the corrosion resistance of steel in the moist atmosphere of the simulated solution. The application of the corrosion inhibitor films ensures high corrosion resistance and significantly reduces the risks of corrosion damage of natural gas preparation equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the use of abundant and low-cost biomaterials such as agricultural wastes in the preparation of activated carbon has been receiving a lot of attention. Besides, the conventional middle and heavy fuel cuts require a substantial and cost-effective sweetening process because sulfur in transportation fuel was found as one of the main causes of air pollution. The present work explored the preparation and characterization of microporous activated carbon (AC) catalysts prepared from olive stone by tubular furnace (Fe/AC1) and microwave (Fe/AC2) heating methods using H 3 PO 4 (85 wt%) as chemical activating agents. The kinetics of the oxidative desulfurization process (ODS) of a highly sour diesel fuel (sulfur content = 7361 ppm) was determined. The effect of the heating method on the texture and morphological structure, surface area, and surface chemistry of the carbons produced was investigated. Fe/AC1 was prepared in a horizontal tabular furnace at 650 °C calcination temperature and 90 min residence time under a nitrogen atmosphere, while Fe/AC2 was performed in a microwave reactor with 565 W and 7 min microwave power and irradiation time respectively. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 - adsorption-desorption, SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, XRF, TGA, PSD, and elemental analysis. It was found that the use of a tubular furnace for heating the olive seeds resulted in a higher surface area and yield. Also, the characterizations of the Fe/AC1 catalyst showed that it has a large surface area of 1175 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.6954 cm3/g whereas Fe/AC2 had a surface area of 854 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.6936 cm3/g. Moreover, SEM-EDX results indicated that Fe/AC1 was dispersed uniformly better than Fe/AC2. Also, TGA/DTA results revealed better results for Fe/AC1 than Fe/AC2 making it favorable in ODS experiments. The difference in texture and chemical properties is caused by the heating methods. The desulfurization removal was investigated under different temperatures (80, 90, 100, 110 °C) and reaction time (30–90 min). The kinetics of the ODS were conducted over the efficient Fe/AC1 catalyst prepared. It was shown that the ODS reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a fairly low activation energy over the catalyst was 40.71 kJ/mol. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study explores the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pine sawdust derived pyrolysis bio-oil and co-processing of raw bio-oil with Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) in a micro-activity testing (MAT) unit. The catalytic performance of mono- and bi-metallic catalysts were tested for bio-oil upgrading. Notably, Fe Co (2:1)/Al 2 O 3 catalysts exhibited superior HDO activity compared to their mono-metallic counterparts. Co-processing of raw bio-oil (2–10 wt%) with VGO led to a notable increase in gasoline yield of ∼48% with a 6 wt% blend. Maximum conversion was achieved with 8 wt% blend, further increasing the proportion, conversion decreased significantly affecting the product distribution. [Display omitted] • Pyrolysis of pine sawdust was carried out in a batch reactor. • HDO of pine sawdust bio-oil was carried out with mono- and bi-metallic catalysts. • Fe Co (2:1)/Al 2 O 3 exhibited superior HDO of pyrolysis bio-oil. • Co-processing with VGO resulted in high gasoline yield with 6 wt% bio-oil blend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angola has announced its decision to leave OPEC due to the organization's decision to further reduce oil output in 2024. Angola's Mineral Resources and Petroleum minister stated that remaining in OPEC would require production cuts that go against the country's policy of avoiding decline and respecting contracts. While Angola's departure will have a limited impact on OPEC's international standing, it comes at a challenging time as the organization is urging members to voluntarily reduce production to support prices. Additionally, Nigeria has reaffirmed its commitment to OPEC following Angola's departure. In other news, Libya's al-Sharara oilfield has been closed due to protests, leading to a suspension of crude oil supplies. Nigeria's TotalEnergies plans to invest $6 billion in Nigeria's oil and gas industry, and the Dangote refinery in Nigeria has started fuel production. Tanzania expects to reduce fuel imports by 28% by 2050 through increased exploration and drilling of local natural gas. Uganda has ordered the eviction of 42 families to make way for an oil prospecting project, and Rwanda and the European Investment Bank have signed an agreement to enhance investment in critical raw material value chains. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 15 people have been sentenced for financing terrorism through the illicit gold trade, and in South Africa, over 2,000 mineworkers have ended their underground sit-in at Impala Platinum's Bafokeng Rasimone mine. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract A semi-batch fluidized-bed gasifier was used to investigate the experimental gasification process of olive bagasse particles, an olive oil industry residue. The effect of bed temperature was studied, in the range of 750 to 900 °C. The oxidant agent was air, fed at constant flowrate, and sand particles were used as bed material. The bagasse particles used had diameters within 1.25–2 mm and the biomass was characterized in terms of its higher heating value and ultimate analysis. During each run, several gaseous samples were collected to be further analysed by gas chromatography allowing the quantification of CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , O 2 and N 2. The reaction mechanism of the gasification process is determinant on the composition of the producer gas. Experimental results showed that higher bed temperatures favoured gas production as well as other gasification performance parameters. Best results were obtained for a bed temperature of 850 °C. Highlights • Gasification of olive bagasse particles was investigated using a semi-batch fluidized bed gasifier. • Gaseous samples were collected and analysed by gas chromatography. • The results indicate that olive bagasse particles are suitable to be used as raw material for gasification processes. • The composition of producer gas depends on bed temperature and it is determined by the mechanism of reaction followed. • Gasification performance parameters increase with the increase of bed temperature and best results were obtained at 885 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have presented computational and experimental investigations into the burning of sulfur-containing oil gases of heterogeneous composition and calorific power in a burner whose combustion products are the working medium for the recovery-power-plant′s turbine drive. The equations of the working process have been written in the context of a generalized law of conservation. The results of numerical modeling have been obtained with the ANSYS FLUENT software package. The experimental data have been derived during the burning of the oil gas stored in cylinders directly at a marginal field. A comparison of the calculated and experimental data has shown the adequacy of the computational model. The calculation results allow the conclusion on the correctness of the technical decisions adopted earlier on creation of a domestic recovery gas-turbine plant of the blocked-module type for marginal fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the northern Gulf of Mexico, there are over 2,000 oil and gas platforms (hereafter, "platforms") that are de facto artificial reefs. The ecological importance of platforms is the subject of debate, but little information exists on the extent to which fish feed on platform‐dwelling benthic organisms. We used a camera array to characterize the frequency and duration of incidents in which Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus foraged on platform‐dwelling benthic organisms. We also characterized abundances and distributions of select platform‐dwelling benthic organisms (barnacles, blennies, and stone crabs). Sheepshead foraging was more strongly associated with dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L; measured at each camera) and time to slack tide (high or low) than other biological (prey densities), physiochemical, locational, or temporal variables. The number of Sheepshead foraging incidents increased by 18.9 incidents·m−2·h−1 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.6–33.3) when DO increased by 1.0 mg/L; foraging incidents increased by 4.5 incidents·m−2·h−1 (95% CI = 1.6–7.4) when time to slack tide increased by 1.0 h. The time Sheepshead spent foraging increased by 245.4 s·m−2·h−1 (95% CI = 144.1–346.7) when DO increased by 1.0 mg/L, and time spent foraging increased by 78.0 s·m−2·h−1 (95% CI = 60.5–95.5) when time to slack tide increased by 1.0 h. Abundances of barnacles and blennies decreased with increasing depth. The presence of hypoxia near the seafloor during the late summer appeared to cause barnacle mortality, which shifted barnacle depth distributions upward (i.e., 1–3 m shallower). Platform‐dwelling benthic organisms persisted throughout the hypoxia season and served as prey for Sheepshead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data are given on the cracking of vacuum gas oil with HY zeolite catalysts on aluminum pillared natural calcium montmorillonite under vigorous cracking conditions in laboratory reactors of different volumes with a fixed catalyst bed at 500-600°C. Increasing the cracking temperature and contact time of the vacuum gas oil with the catalyst was shown to increase the yield of the gas phase. The greatest gas yield was 42%. In this case, the gas contained C2 - C4 alkenes, including 28% propylene. We concluded that it should be possible to use aluminum pillared calcium montmorillonite as a component of a zeolite cracking catalyst for petrochemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that associated petroleum gas (APG) and the product of intrastratal transformation of air (by high-pressure air injection technology) are suitable for oil displacement from low-permeability, high-temperature light oil reservoirs. It was found that APG and air are effective gaseous agents miscible with oil, which are similar in oil-displacing properties. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) determination data are presented for an Upper Jurassic oil-APG system. The miscibility in the oil-APG system was achieved by the multicontact mechanism of interaction between oil and enriched gas. A new method is proposed for graphical determination of MMP as a function of gas breakthrough due to pressure, and a method for enhancing gas impact efficiency and for achieving miscibility at a pressure below the MMP, which consists in injection of a liquefied gas prefringe or a wide fraction of hydrocarbons, is validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, transit and transportation of Caspian oil and gas are covered. Mainly it focuses on obstacles, conflicts and current alongside with future projects. It also notes out the meetings which has changed the course of action. The article includes speeches, meetings and other sources by scholars, political figures and analysts which shows on how to draw a path of transporting resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed steady state FCC riser process model is simulated for the first time with different compressibility (Z) factor correlations using gPROMS software. A 4-lump kinetic model is used where gas oil cracks to form gasoline, coke and gases. The usual practice has been the assumption that the FCC riser gas phase is an ideal gas at every point under any condition (varying C/O ratio, riser diameter, operating temperature and pressure, etc.). This work found that the Z factor varies at every point across the riser height depending on riser operating pressure and temperature, diameter and C/O ratio. It also shows that the magnitude of deviation of a gas phase from ideal gas behaviour can be measured over the riser height. The Z factor correlation of Heidaryan et al. (2010a) is found to be suitable for predicting the Z factor distribution in the riser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FCC riser cracks gas oil into useful fuels such as gasoline, diesel and some lighter products such as ethylene and propylene, which are major building blocks for the polyethylene and polypropylene production. The production objective of the riser is usually the maximization of gasoline and diesel, but it can also be to maximize propylene. The optimization and parameter estimation of a six-lumped catalytic cracking reaction of gas oil in FCC is carried out to maximize the yield of propylene using an optimisation framework developed in gPROMS software 5.0 by optimizing mass flow rates and temperatures of catalyst and gas oil. The optimal values of 290.8 kg/s mass flow rate of catalyst and 53.4 kg/s mass flow rate of gas oil were obtained as propylene yield is maximized to give 8.95 wt%. When compared with the base case simulation value of 4.59 wt% propylene yield, the maximized propylene yield is increased by 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reciprocating multiphase pump is the key equipment for the oil-gas transport technology in the petroleum industry. The opening and closing motions of suction and discharge valves directly affect the transport performance and stability of pump. In this paper, the whole working cycle of reciprocating multiphase pump is studied by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The combined actions of piston, suction and discharge valves are dealt with User Defined Functions and dynamic grid technique. Based on the instantaneous motions of valves, the lag characteristics of suction and discharge valves under different working conditions are analyzed. And the influences of lag angles on the pressure pulsation, P-V diagram and input power of the pump are further investigated. The results show that the lag angles have a significant impact on the internal and external characteristics of the reciprocating multiphase pump. Due to the most obvious opening lag angle of discharge valve, the pump pressures and P-V diagram have the sudden fluctuations just after the end of compression process, which appear in the range of θ  = 240.7°–273.1° for the initial condition. The gas volume fraction (GVF) plays more important role than the suction and discharge pressures in the working of reciprocating multiphase pump, and the opening lag angles of suction and discharge valves at GVF = 0.9 increase to more than 6 times at GVF = 0.1. By the comparisons of input power, the simulated results for reciprocating multiphase pump show good agreement with the results of prototype test. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the design of high-efficiency multiphase pump and valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) lies at the south‐eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate and was affected by the subduction of the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate. It experienced and recorded multistage tectonic inversions in the Cenozoic, especially in the Xihu Sag. In an attempt to investigate the evolution and mechanism of tectonic inversion, this paper presents numerical simulation results by the finite element method to the Xihu Sag. Combined with comprehensive structural analyses of seismic profiles, this paper determines the structural geometry of the sag for establishing a viscoelastic geologic model including six‐layer strata and nine major faults. Simulation results show that the boundary conditions of transtension and transpression control the inversion process that propagates from east to west, and the distribution of low compressive stress displays certain correlations with the distribution of oil deposits. Based on quantitative analysis of the vertical displacement field of the Xihu Sag, this paper identifies a tectonic inversion process, which indicates that the western part of the sag uplifts and the eastern part subsides during the first‐stage inversion; whereas the western part subsides and central‐eastern parts uplift during the second and third stages. The formation of the tectonic inversion is controlled by the adjustment of the stress field from dextral transtension to sinistral transpression caused by the change of subduction rates and direction of the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work study the catalytic co-hydroprocessing of used frying oil (UFO) with atmospheric gas oil (AGO), paying particular attention to the effect of UFO on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) efficiency, the products selectivities and its influence on fuel properties. Hydrotreating experiments were performed in a pilot plant for diesel hydrodesulphurization using a commercial catalyst of NiMo/Al 2 O 3 , temperature 320–350 °C, pressure 5.5 MPa, WHSV 2 h-1, UFO content 20–50 wt% and H 2 /feed ratio 500–1200 NL/L. At the operating conditions used, a total conversion of the triglycerides of UFO was obtained with a 96–99% sulfur elimination. This produced a slightly increase of the HDS/HDN rates during the co-processing, without irreversible effects over its activity and important variation in some properties such as cetane index, density 15 °C or kinematic viscosity 40 °C. The main products obtained were paraffins with 15 and 17 atoms of carbons and light gases such as CO 2 and CH 4 , which imply that the catalyst used stimulates decarboxylation reactions in detriment of hydrodeoxygenation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study is conducted in a 152.4-mm inner diameter (ID) high-pressure facility to investigate the liquid droplet entrainment in two-phase oil-gas flow in horizontal pipe under low-liquid loading condition. Total of 247 tests are carried out at five different operating pressures, namely, 1.48, 1.82, 2.17, 2.51, and 2.86 MPa. The test fluids are nitrogen and mineral oil (Isopar-L). Superficial oil velocity ( v SL ) ranges from 0.01 to 0.05 m/s, while superficial gas velocity ( v Sg ) ranges from 1.6 to 16.7 m/s depending on the operating pressures. An isokinetic sampling system is used to measure the entrained droplet flux at three different vertical positions in the gas phase. A high-speed video camera is used to visually observe and estimate the onsets of entrainment. This paper provides a unique entrainment data set for two-phase flow in a large diameter pipe at high operating pressure. The experimental data are analyzed to evaluate the effects of high operating pressure and superficial velocities. It is found that the entrainment fraction increases with the operating pressure. In addition, predictions of ten correlations for two-phase entrainment fraction are compared with the experimental data to evaluate the performances. The results show that these correlations over-predict the entrainment fraction data from this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an investigation into the suitability of abandoned wells in California for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) and low temperature deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) applications. The study identifies three counties characterized by high numbers of abandoned wells, medium to high crustal heat flows (75–100 mW/m 2 ), and suitable sedimentary geology: Santa Clara, Monterey, and Santa Barbara. Thermal gradients range between 4 and 7.3 °C/100 m and enable access to the bottom hole temperatures between 40 and 73 °C for an average 1000 m deep well. These rock temperatures are sufficient for low-temperature direct use EGS such as district heating, greenhouse heating, and aquaculture. Economically, the mitigation of drilling costs and the documented lithology both reduce the risk associated with EGS. However, hydraulic fracturing of loosely to moderately consolidated sedimentary rock in transitional stress regimes remains one limitation to the EGS conversion of these abandoned wells. Alternatively, the feasibility of deep BHE applications within abandoned oil and gas wells is demonstrated here with a mathematical model. Predictions show that outlet fluid temperatures >40 ° C can be achieved for 1000 m deep wells in regions with temperature gradients >7 °C/100 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In petroleum industry, the stability of multiphase pumping is highly disturbed by the gas' presence with high content and variable working conditions. This paper is focused on studying the whole working cycle of the novel three-cylinder double-acting reciprocating multiphase pump. Based on the theoretical analysis, the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is adopted to simulate the oil-gas flow in reciprocating multiphase pump. The numerical methodology, involving multiphase model, dynamic grid technique and user defined functions (UDF), is used to deal with in the calculation. The transient flow characteristics in pump cavity are obtained, and the flow ripples of reciprocating multiphase pump are analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of different operating parameters, such as suction and discharge pressures, inlet gas volume fraction (GVFi) on the capacity, and stability of pump, are studied. The results could help to develop and optimize the high-efficiency multiphase pump system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]