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The study was conducted during the 2017–2018 period using the method of anonymous questionnaire. In total, 838 4-year-students from medical, pediatric, dental and medical-prophylactic departments participated in the study. Two questionnaires were used for the survey: an adapted version of the standard UNAIDS questionnaire and that based on V. V. Boyko’s methodology of diagnosing communicative tolerance. It is found that medical students do not condemn HIV-infected people, nor believe that people with a positive HIV status necessarily behave immorally, thus deserving this disease. Medical students show a high level of professional communicative tolerance and readiness to help these patients, although being afraid of getting the infection during medical manipulations. At the same time, a low level of awareness concerning a number of legal issues regarding HIV-infected patients has been established.

This article presents the results of a survey carried out among 1,427 Novosibirsk university students (medical, engineering and humanities specializations) with the purpose of assessing their awareness concerning the prevention of HIV and STIs, as well as risky sexual behaviour. The level of knowledge about HIV is shown to be rather high among Novosibirsk university students. However, an insufficient level of awareness concerning rare HIV transmission routes is identified. In addition, the respondents are found to adhere to out-of-date views concerning HIV patients. Female respondents in this age group tend to trust their regular partner, thus neglecting preventive measures. More than half of the respondents have a positive attitude towards using a condom during sexual intercourse.

The article presents current views on urogenital diseases caused by M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Particular attention is paid to concurrent (co-occurring) urogenital infections. The review reports the data from epidemiological studies and outlines recent Russian and international guidelines and consensuses on managing patients with urogenital inflammatory diseases. The importance of adequate diagnosis and rational therapy of urogenital infections is discussed.

Dynamics of morbidity and mortality from pancreatic cancer in the population of Novosibirsk according to the Population-based Cancer Registry and the Registry of total mortality for 25 years (1988-2012) were analyzed. The morbidity and mortality for the studied period decreased slightly. Incidence rates in middle-aged males are higher than in females but this difference is leveled after 75 years. Possible risk factors for pancreatic cancer as well as issues of screening and prevention are discussed.

The aim of the study was the study of ten-year trends (1999-2009) of GERD symptoms and risk factors in schoolchildren in Novosibirsk from 14 to 17 years.The comparison of the results of the screenings performed at 1999 and 2009 was analyzed. Anthropometry, the survey to identify the symptoms of GERD and eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, determination of lgG and CagA antibodies to Helicobacterpylori were included at the program of screenings.No significant dynamics of GER symptoms in adolescents, except weekly heartburn among boys. Among the factors associated with dyspepsia and GER, there have been some mixed changes: the frequency of smoking significantly reduced, but the proportion adolescents with excess body weight have increased. Violations of the regime and diet, and Helicobocrerpylori-infection has not changed significantly.The frequency of GERD in adolescents remains high but does not reach the prevalence of GERD in adults.

The article discusses the possible etiological factors in the development of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The authors presented a comparative long-term analysis of morbidity from non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Russia. Against the background of general decline in STIs incidence, a significant percentage of them is made up by urogenital trichomoniasis. The findings substantiated the advantages of combination therapy (ornidazole and ofloxacin) for bacterial urinary tract infections.

The article analyzes the recent data concerning the new trends in the treatment of acne vulgaris of moderate severity using tetracyclines. Low-dose regimen of doxycycline is highly effective against inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in patients with moderate acne on the face with a minority of side effects.

The up-to-date literature and original data on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis are presented. Particular attention is paid to the parasite infection during pregnancy. Spiramycin is the drug of choice for acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.

The article describes the results of a study conducted in 1994-2005 by the immune-enzyme assay method. The study involved 1,014 subjects aged 14-64 and randomly selected from the population of Novosibirsk and rural regions of Tyva and Mountain Altai based on determination of G-class antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 by the IEA method. The prevalence rate for anti-HSV-1 antibodies did not differ in the study populations and was 99.4%. The general prevalence rate of anti-HSV-2 antibodies was higher in women vs. men and did not differ in different regions. The frequency of cases when HSV-2 was diagnosed was growing in proportion to the age from 1.0% in teenagers aged 14-17 up to 19.4-37.5% in subjects aged 55-64. The prevalence of HSV-2 in Siberia was found to be similar to that in the United States and Scandinavian countries. The sexual profile of subjects infected with HSV-2 in Russia did not differ from that in other population-based studies conducted in the world.

The paper presents the long-term experience of Siberian epidemiological studies in the field of gastroenterology (cross-sectional and prospective). High prevalence of Helicobacterpylori infection (75-85%) in the adult population of Siberia, and the association with dyspeptic symptoms in different age groups are shown. The dynamics of infection in children and adolescents, the high detection rates of CagA-positive strains, the prevalence of the different phenotypes of gastritis and the predictive value of gastric atrophy biomarkers in relation to gastric cancer were studied. The importance of epidemiological studies for the formation of groups at risk for a number of diseases and the development of prevention programs is demonstrated.

This review deals with pepsinogen metabolism, physiological role, and clinical implications. Effects of various factors, e.g H. pylori, on pepsinogen levels are considered. It is concluded that non-invasive screening of gastric precancer conditions provides a cost-effective and efficacious approach to the prevention of this pathology.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is frequent among the general population affecting 10-20% of adults. However, there is a notable lack of epidemiological data describing prevalence of GER in children. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of GER symptoms (GERS) in adolescents and to evaluate factors associated with GERS including markers of H. pylori infection.All school students in grades 9-11 in four randomly selected secondary schools in Novosibirsk participated (449 adolescents, 189 boys, 260 girls aged 14-17). They completed the Bowel Disease Questionnaire, life-style questionnaire, and sera were tested for antibodies against Helicobacter pylori infection.Overall, 60% of adolescents experienced GERS (heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) over the previous year. GER symptoms on a monthly basis were reported by 22% of students, weekly GERS were reported by 9% of adolescents with the same frequency in both genders. GERS were related to family history of dyspepsia or GER, mother's lower educational attainment, overweight, unhealthy eating patterns, alcohol consumption, smoking, and H. pylori infection, as well as concomitant dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. The majority of associations were more prominent in girls. Visiting a physician, endoscopic study, and school absenteeism were reported in the last year more frequently by adolescents with GERS vs those without GERS.Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms are frequent among the adolescent population and result in frequent use of health care resources. Some precipitated factors found in this study are modifiable and may be corrected in adolescent population.

Determining the level of blood pepsinogens has important clinical significance in the formation of risk groups for gastric cancer and erosive/ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa. A comparison of imported and domestic kits for testing the level of pepsinogens was performed. Russian diagnostic kits in comparison with foreign ones proved to show similar sensitivity and specificity.

The levels of spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphocytic lymphomas, and multiple myeloma during the course of chemotherapy. Cytokine concentrations varied within a great range and did not conform to the normal distribution law. The levels of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage CSF were high during the debut, progress, and remission of the lymphoproliferative diseases. Imbalance of a wide spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed during the debut and progress of the lymphoproliferative diseases, more often in chronic lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphocytic lymphomas than in multiple myeloma.

In a prospective study the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) was assessed in persons aged 45-69 over 5 years after the initial testing with a set of serological tests (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, antibodies to Helicobacter pylori). The presence of gastric atrophy markers was a significant predictor of GC in the forthcoming years. Non-invasive techniques may be used in the formation of high-risk groups, followed by GC active surveillance.

The use of systemic enzyme therapy in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of urogenital chlamydia infection in patients of both sexes proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the risk of the side effects.

Seventy five patients with urogenital chlamydial and mycoplasmic infections were enrolled in the trial. In the etiotropic therapy azithromycin was used in the standard dosage (1.0-1.5 g) depending on the infection. The treatment with azithromycin, in addition to the high eradication rates, was also evident of its effect on the cytokine levels in the patients, that was characteristic of a significant increase of the IFN-gamma level and a decrease of the IL-1beta and IL-6 levels in the blood.

Serum contents of 7 cytokines (IL-1, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, INF-alpha) were examined in 87 children aged 14-17 years according to presence of antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and cytotoxic CagA protein. There was a lack of difference in cytokine levels between infected and non-infected children. Thus H. pylori infection in children in contrast to adults does not cause changes in systemic cytokine secretion.

The use of macrolides in the treatment of chlamydial infection during pregnancy and breast feeding is reviewed from the viewpoint of evidence-based medicine. The clinical experience and research data suggest azithromycin to be safe and effective in the obstetric practice.

A random representative sample of adolescents has been questioned about gastrointestinal symptoms and mode of dieting habits. Four hundred fifty schoolchildren participated primarily and over two years. Irregular meals, hasty meals, long period between meals were associated with symptoms of dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux. Moreover, symptoms developed over 2 years were related to newly reported changes in dieting habits.

The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the unselected population and to assess the quality of life (QOL) in these syndromes and their combination. The study involved 1,040 people, representing a random sample of adults aged 45-70 years (492 men, 548 women). To identify gastrointestinal symptoms using validated questionnaire, dyspepsia and IBS were diagnosed by Rome I criteria. QOL was assessed using a questionnaire SF-36. Dyspepsia was reported by 37.5% (30.1% men and 44.2% women, p0.001). The prevalence of IBS was 18.8% (12.0% men and 25,0% in women, p0.001). The combination of dyspepsia and IBS was noted in 12.0% (6.5% in men and 17.0% in women). Both dyspepsia and IBS cause significant decrease in QOL on most scales of the questionnaire SF-36 compared with those without these disorders. Their combination reduced QOL even more in comparison with isolated dyspepsia or IBS. Finally, high prevalence of dyspepsia and IBS was stated among the population, both conditions more frequently observed in women. QOL is significantly reduced in subjects with dyspepsia and IBS, especially if these syndromes combine.

To study prevalence of dyspepsia symptoms, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and irritable bowel syndrome (ICS) in city population and to detect relevant risk factors.Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with a validated questionnaire Bowel Disease Questionnaire and dyspepsia, GER, ICS syndromes were identified in a representative sample of adult Novosibirsk population (1040 patients, 492 males and 548 females aged 45-69 years). Risk factors were studied by social-demographic and antropometric parameters, smoking, drinking and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAD). Depression was assessed by CESD questionnaire. Helicobacter pylori infection and the level of pepsinogen I were studied with enzyme immunoassay Biohit GastroPanel (Biohit, Finland).Incidence of dyspepsia was 38%, GER--30%, ICS--19%. One of the illnesses was found in 56% cases, combination of the conditions--in 24%. Females had dyspepsia and ICS much more frequently. Social-demographic parameters (age, marital status, education, labor activity), alcohol consumption, intake of NSAD, Helicobacter pylori infection had no significant effect on the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms. GER occurred more frequently in smoking males. Overweight was characteristic both for GER males and females. Severe depression was associated with the risk of dyspepsia and ICS both in females and males. Hyperpepsinogenemia increased the rate of GER detection in males and dyspepsia in females.Dyspepsia, GER and ICS were seen in 50% adult population and often combine, but the risk factors differ. Some of the latter can be modified and prevented.

The present situation with the use of antimicrobial drugs for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infection during pregnancy in the Russian Federation was evaluated. The efficacy and safety of various macrolides in the treatment of chlamydial infection in practical obstetrics were analyzed. It was conclude that josamycin was inferior to azithromycin by a number of pharmacologic parameters, compliance and safety and therefore should not be used in pregnant women.

Prevalence of atrophic gastritis in various population of Siberia with serological tests was studied. Representative samples of Novosibirsk adult population and also urban and rural population of Yakutia were examined. 348 persons at the age more than 45 years (180 males and 168 females) were studied. Concentration of pepsinogen I, gastrin 17 and antibodies to Helicobacter pilori in blood serum was estimated with immune-enzyme analysis ("Biohit GastroPanel", "Biohit", Finland). In addition, domestic test-systems were used for detection cytotoxic (expressing CagA-protein) strains H. pylori. Level of markers (pepsinogen, gastrin, antibodies to Helicobacter pilori and antibodies to CagA H. pilori) in observing populations had no difference between males and females, and also did not depend on age. Occurrence of atrophy in body of stomach in Novosibirsk population, urban and rural population of Yakutia was 10.1, 16.7 and 25.6% respectively, and in antral part--10.7, 25.6 and 8.9% respectively. Total atrophy was registered in 1% in all groups. Helicobacter infection was detected in 78-88% of population. Domestic immune-enzyme test-systems were comparable with data of histological examination and demonstrated greater sensitivity at H. pylori detection vs. foreign. High prevalence of atrophic gastritis in various groups of Siberia population was noticed, which must be was bounded with great level of H. pylori infection in population.

The paper is dedicated to associations between infective agents and coronary artery disease (CAD). The study design included examination of a random sample of non-organized population (389 adults aged 25 to 64 years). Using immune-enzyme assay, IgM and IgG antibodies to seven infective and parasite agents (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Opisthorchis felineus, and Giardia lamblia), as well as the level of IgE were measured. In patients with CAD, IgE level was significantly higher vs. controls, but is was not connected with the infections under study except opisthorchosis invasion. The incidence of some pathogens was higher in CAD patients vs. controls. The total number of infections detected in an individual was associated with a higher frequency of CAD and some atherosclerotic risk factors.