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3. Altered extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction gene expression in rat bone tissue following long-term estrogen deficiency.

Author

Naqvi, Syeda Masooma, O'Sullivan, Laura M, Allison, Hollie, Casey, Vincent J, Schiavi-Tritz, Jessica, and McNamara, Laoise M

Subjects
COMPACT bone, GENE expression, EXTRACELLULAR matrix, OSTEOPOROSIS, ESTROGEN
Abstract

Osteoporosis is primarily associated with bone loss, but changes in bone tissue matrix composition and osteocyte mechanotransduction have also been identified. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes and their relation to bone loss are not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct comprehensive temporal gene expression analyses on cortical bone tissue from ovariectomized rats, with a specific focus on genes known to govern matrix degradation, matrix production, and mechanotransduction, and (2) correlate these findings with bone mass, trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, and mineral and matrix composition. Microarray data revealed 35 differentially expressed genes in the cortical bone tissue of the ovariectomized cohort. We report that catabolic gene expression abates after the initial accelerated bone loss period, which occurs within the first 4 wk of estrogen deficiency. However, in long-term estrogen deficiency, we report increased expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix deposition (Spp1, COL1A1, COL1A2, OCN) and mechanotransduction (Cx43) compared with age-matched controls and short-term estrogen deficiency. These changes coincided with increased heterogeneity of mineral-to-matrix ratio and collagen maturity, to which extracellular matrix markers COL1A1 and COL1A2 were positively correlated. Interestingly, mineral heterogeneity and collagen maturity, exhibited a negative correlation with PHEX and IFT88, associated with mechanosensory cilia formation and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. This study provides the first insight into the underlying mechanisms governing secondary mineralization and heterogeneity of matrix composition of bone tissue in long-term estrogen deficiency. We propose that altered mechanobiological responses in long-term estrogen deficiency may play a role in these changes. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Cancelled operations: a 7-day cohort study of planned adult inpatient surgery in 245 UK National Health Service hospitals

Author

Moonesinghe, S. Ramani, Wong, Danny J.N., Harris, Steve K., Bedford, James, Boney, Oliver, Chazapis, Maria, Drake, Sharon, Farmer, Laura, Gilhooly, David, Goodwin, James, Lourtie, Jose, Wagstaff, Duncan, Grocott, Mike, Sneyd, Robert, Batchelor, Anna, Brett, Stephen, Plowright, Catherine, Shrestha, Suman, Shawyer, Richard, Ahmed, Shafi, Khondoker, Mizan, Nathanson, Mike, Cripps, Paul, Research & Audit Federation of Trainees (RAFT), Anaesthetic Audit and Research Matrix of Yorkshire (AARMY), Intensive Care & Anaesthesia Research Network of North East Trainees (INCARNNET), Merseyside Anaesthetic Group for Improving Quality (MAGIQ), Midlands East Research by Critical Care and Anaesthetic Trainees (MERCAT), North West Research and Audit Group (NWRAG), Oxford Critical Care Anaesthetic Research Enterprise (OxCCARE), Pan-London Peri-operative Audit & Research Network (PLAN), Scottish East Quality Improvement & Research Academy (SEQuoIA), SESSA Quality Improvement and Research Network (SQUARES), Severn Trainees Anaesthetic Research (STAR), South West Anaesthetic Research Matrix (SWARM), South Yorkshire Hospitals Audit and Research Collaboration (SHARC), Southcoast Peri-operative Audit and Research Collaboration (SPARC), Welsh Anaesthetic Audit Research & Engagement Network (WAAREN), West Midlands Trainee Research Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Network (WMTRAIN), Rawat, Shilpa, Sathe, Sonia, Campbell, Alison, Anandarajah, Janakan, Ball, Nicola, Bandara, Lalindra, Barnes, Dennis, Chapman, Catherine, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Ebejer, Amanda, Evans, Samantha, Gallagher, Maire, Goff, Sarah, Halfacree, Irina, Harford, Rachel, Harris, Catherine, Jackson, Rebecca, James, Kathryn, Jones, Claire, Jones, Sharon, Malinovszky, Kathy, Mungai, Serah, Nageswaran, Hari, Perumal, Anand, Pudge, Harriet, Quinn, Leanne, Sheppard, Thomas, Smith, Trudy, Spargo, James, Storton, Sharon, Thomas, Caradog, Thomas, Charlotte, Tyrrell, Samuel, Vale, Owen, Williams, Catrin, Williams, Marie, Williams, Tom, Winfield-Young, Lewys, Worrell, Helen, Moloney, Dermot, Chuni, Chandini, Comara, Jasna, Conway, Brian, Eagle, Zara, Foster, Greg, Platt, Chris, Thorne, Alison, Hee, Wendy Lum, Armstrong, Lisa, Brennan, Albert, Burns, Justine, Busby, Chantal, Couch-Upite, Mechele, Dooks, Emma, Dunlop, Sally, Eijk, Anya, Govindaraju, Ramana, Gregory, Tamsin, Grover, Alka, Hairsine, Brigid, Hennell, Sarah, Hill, Philippa, Hollins, Thomas, Hood, Julian, Horner, Lisa, Hothersall, Helen, Ingham, Rachel, Jackson, Richard, Kitching, Amy, Kurasz, Claire, Munsie, Sarah, Nemeth, Ildiko, Paley, Carole, Premraj, Prabhakaran, Redhead, Sue, Scriven, John, Shaw, Alison, Shenton, Liz, Shiva, Hemantha, Snell, Josie, Sootheran, Lucy, Stewart, Josephine, Swinton, Frank, Totten, Claire, Varghese, Liz, Vest, Sarah, Wetherell, Ben, Hamlyn, Vincent, Tozer, James, Alce, Timothy, Bopanna, Poonam, Draper, Kevin, Emmett, Lucy, Falkner, Phillippa, Fisher, Ellie, Griffiths, Cat, Gunter, Una, Harris, Rebecca, Hashmi, Saima, Jewitt, Helen, Lodhi, Sonal, Organ, Angie, Owen, Elana, Taylor, Frances, Tritean, Maria, Wassall, Richard, Woolley, Jade, MacGregor, Mark, Atkinson, Claire, Croft, Maria, Frost, Victoria, George, Richard, Gray, Catherine, Kuttler, Anja, Lalani, Christina, Peers, Beth, Sharpe, Lisa, Skeoch, Christopher, Tarft, Hayley, Tyson, Emma, Wrigley, Martha, Qadri, Shabir, Abbas, Tahir, Barot, Niraj, Cole, Steve, Ganesh, Ritesh, Groves, Christopher, Iles, Lindsey, Petkova, Hristina, Rau, Clovis, Roberts, Jack, Shakir, Nadeem, Chaurasia, Sunil Kumar, Brown, Julia, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Gannon, Emily, Haines, Annette, Johnson, Nicola, Ogle, Paul, Perumal, Srinivasan, Zeidan, Lisa, Torrance, Hew, Anwar, Sibtain, Gooneratne, Mevan, Raj, Ashok, Abbott, Tom, Ashton, Laura, Brown, Katherine, Butterfield, Emma, Fenn, Jon, Forsyth-Jones, Tim, Garth, Thomas, Gleeson, Liam, Haines, Ryan, Jacobs, Benjamin, Jyothiraj, Haren, Madhi, Shareef, Marriot, Charlotte, Martin, Rebecca, McMillan, Timothy, Menon, Arun, Mohr, Otto Ernst, Muelmenstaedt, Maria, Naeem, Hanzla, Nagendram, Myura, O'Connor, Cormac, Pang, Ching, Plummer, Kimberley, Rob, Zak, Sellers, Dan, Shaw, Michael, Smith, Christopher, Taylor, Tom, Thorat, Priya, Van Rensberg, Gerhardus, Walker, Sophie, Waqas, Farkhunda, Wicks, Peter, Wirth, Daniel, Armanious, Samuel, Allen, Kellie, Bruni, Salvatore, Burijinti Chenna, Keshava Reddy, Kaliappan, Agilan, Ocampo, Madelaine, Percuin, Adrian, Riches, Joanne, Saclot, Louie, Sevillano, Annaliza, Vertue, Mark, Knowlden, Peter, David, Beena, Gajendragadkar, Pushpaj, Gladstone, George, Hammerbeck, Henry, Iaverdino, Marina, Lilley, Carina, Linton-Willoughby, Ben, Murrell, Daniel, Patro, Shweta, Richie-Mclean, Susanna, Turnbull, Marc, Vatsala, Padmanabhan, McCourt, Killian, Black, Nick, Coary, Ciara, McCarter, Jonathan, Murphy, Alexandra, Pugh, Richard, Littler, Chris, Clements, Stephan, Bairkdar, Linda, Bennett, Gillian, Bird, Tom, Bolger, Annette, Dhar, King, Ene, Raluca, George, David, Haron, Dhania, Hobson, Lucie, Iqbal, Saba, Irvine, Lizzie, Lewis, Sion, McCallum, Roisin, O'Donovan, Benjamin, Patrick, Christopher, Perman, Christopher, Rahman, Nowfal, Roberts, Iolo, Sutcliffe, William, Towers, Tammy, Waite, Alicia, Wright, Stella, Pilsbury, Jane, Allan, Michael, Allen, Cody, Carden, Nikkita, Cotterill, Amanda, Cullis, Kerry, Eden, Daniel, Farmer, Nicola, Galloway, Andrea, Geoghegan, James, Gilani, Ahmed, Hard, Kelly, Hasan, Khalid, Horner, Christopher, Iqbal, Virginia, Lowe, Julie, Mallavalli, Ravindra, McCooty, Shanteela, McKillop, Sian, Mellers, Diane, Mukherjee, Ronan, Nicholas, Michelle, O'Hara, Chloe, Osborne, Fiona, Plunkett, Emma, Sharih, Gauhar, Westwood, John, Whapples, Annabelle, Whitehouse, Diane, Williams, Lucinda, Yasin, Bilal, Cupitt, Jason, Brown, Janette, Stoddard, Emma, Balasubramaniam, Madhu, Athanasopoulos, Paul, Bhatti, Mohammad, Blood, Laura, Buckley, Hugo, Chadwick, Julie, Cocks, Shirley, Fradkin, Deborah, Hetherington, Emily, Hill, Rebecca, Hull, Rob, Loftus, Alison, McKenna, Emma, Mcmanoman, Lucy, Milian, Lauren, Mistry, Raksha, Murthen, Lisa, Parkinson, Dave, Rhead, Kat, Sandbach, Peter, Walker, Ciara, Wheatley, Emma, Spencer, Robert, Alderson, Stephen, Bull, Christopher, Butterworth, Rachel, Cousins, Simon, Goellner, Sarah, Greasley, Mark, Lyle, Fiona, Munro, Michael, Northey, Martin, White, Stuart, Harrison, Alex, Whitney, Paul-Simon, Drake, Jeremy, Babla, Rohan, Bharti, Ash, Cole, Stephen, Crotty, Stephen, Farrow, Amy, Golhar, Anil, Indoe, Peter, Jackson, Rosada, Latif, Mariam, Leong, Melvin, Lewith, Henry, Maton-Howarth, Matthew, Millar, Victoria, Millette, Ben, Oliver, Hannah, Ralhan, Vandita, Rashid, Yasir, Rivero-Bosch, Maria, Rizvi, Sana, Saleh, Rosahn, Venkatesh, Harisg, Wilson, Kate, Nair, Ashok, Basvi, Precious, Bell, Gillian, Edwards, James, Lee, David, Luo, Guanmei, Mewies, Clare, Qureshi, Arif, Sohail, Behzad, Valap, Sachin, Hill, Stephen, Bhuwanee, Deepti, Chan, James, Dereix, John, George, Allen, Ghafoor, Tasmeen, Gold, Emma, Haigh, Daniel, Harding, David, Janardhana, Bhavia, Jayan, Jithu, King, James, Laloë, Pnt, Pearce, Lauren, Pruthi, Amit, Roscoe, Eleanor, Seharawat, Deepak, Stubbington, Mark, Vanjari, Vinayak, Venkataraman, Anantharaman, Yen, Serena, Patil, Vishal, Chan, Charles, Davenport, Garry, Featherstone, Peter, Fourie, Petrus, Hall, Christopher, Mahidik, Preeti, Masoni, Elisa, Ortu, Andrea, Patil, Anita, Pickett, Janet, Sharma, Sandeep, Goodwin, Naomi, Allen, Lucy, Anderson, Nathan, Bateson, Ethan, Bhatia, Sanchita, Churchill, Sara, Cohen, Leon, Colhoun, Patrick, Dunn, Charlotte, Durie, Carys, Elgarf, Sarah, Ferry, Jenny, Guilford, Jeremy, Halligan, Claire, Harrison, Jade, Hayes, Dominic, Holst, Ben, Hughes, Rhys, Hunt, Thomas, Jackson, John, Kohler, George, Kriger, Michael, Kulikouskaya, Svetlana, Kurani, Amit, Maden, Charlotte, Moore, Alex, Mounce, Adam, O'Donnell, Alice, Sparrow, Robert, Sutherland, Jayne, Hanison, James, Bansal, Sujesh, Greenwood, Nick, Alkholany, Mahmoud, Apple, Zoe, Asif, Anam, Bhardwaj, Neeraj, Braid, Karl, Coates, Rebecca, Czukowska, Liliana, Elliott, Lauren, Fang, Li, Greenlee, Hannah, Maria, Jashmin, Mostafa, Tarek, Patil, Amarjeet, Weigert, Andrea, Matson, Alexandra, Adamson, Christine, Barclay, Philip, Barker, Amy, Bautista, Carina, Biswas, Suman, Bull, Rhian, Carungcong, Jaime, Christoper, Fenner, Cifre, Elna, Clancy, Olivia, Friedman, Lauren, Frunza, Gabriella, Habib, Sadia, Keerthikumar, Hindusha, Kirwan, Ursula, Laycock, Helen, Leir, Sarah, Maduekwe, Victor, Martella, Carmela, Meritahti, Minna, Nundlall, Kribashnie, Oblak, Metod, Panesar, Kirat, Peters, Timothy, Pett, Eleanor, Routley, Catriona, Samani, Amee, Santhirapala, Vatsharlan, Sayan, Amrinda, Sisson, Alice, Svensson, Marie-Louise, Thankachen, Mini, Tilley, Bernadette, Topham, Charlotte, Visvendra, Sathya, Warrington, Anna, Wibberley, Helen, Spittle, Nick, Andrews, Mia, Beavis, Sarah, Bernotaitis, Daiva, Chinna, Shalini, Church, Helen, Edwards, Sian, Ford, Nicky, Hazeldine, Sarah, Hudson, James, Macey, Claire, Morgans, Matthew, Toms, Julie, Whileman, Amanda, Woodward, Jan, Wright, Stephanie, Nariani, Jaya, Clark, Sam, Duniec, Larysa, Slorach, Marc, Allan, Ashley, Burrill, Bryony, Fairless, Lynn, Francis, Nicholas, McAdam, Colin, Sheriff, Julie, McLoughlin, Thomas, Arshed, Shayan, Bird, Clare, Campbell, Debbie, Chinery, Elaine, Onya, Enoch, Perry, Ryan, Sabugueiro, Jose Miguel, Shatanda, Lydia, Sheik, Muzaffar, Jo simpson, Wong, Gabriela, Yun-Han, Chen, Wilson, Lawrence, Adshead, Duncan, Castillo, David, Faulkner, Maria, Gibson, Kim, Keogh, Tara, Michlig, Sam, Perritt, Elizabeth, Ridler, Simon, Tizzard, Kate, Troy, Anne, Rafi, Amir, Melsom, Helen, Atkinson, Vikki, Azad, Tariq, Bashliyski, Vladimir, Brown, Ellen, Clark, Sarah, Cowton, Sister Amanda, Deane, Jill, Dent, Jean, Duckett, Karin, Duncan, Louise, Hooper, Nicholas, Johnson, Tom, Kay, Andrea, Kelly, Donna, Kent, Melanie, Knight, Jo, McCarroll, Christina, Newby, Annie, Potts, Kathryn, Roe, James, Rollins, David, Sarwar, Asia, Schofield, Lewis, Skelton, Deborah, Somanath, Sameer, Taysum, Peter, Temple, Julie, Udall, William, Varin, Jane, Venyo, Lucy, Warin, Martin, Wood, Shelly, Dhileepan, Srinivasan, Saibaba, Ravishankar Jakkala, Stewart, Emma, Warwick, Eleanor, Pemberton, Omar Alex, Garmash, Maryna, Griffiths, Rhys, Hale, Suzi, Lahloub, Fatma, Lynch, Ceri, Majeed, Abbas, Patchell, Ifan, Quinton, Jennifer, Sedghi, Babak, Wallis, Stephanie, Mansoor, Sange, Belagodu, Zakaulla, Dastur, Shirin, Fuller, Bridget, Hayes, Imogen, Keshkamat, Ashwini, Monantera, Georgia, Sandhar, Roxana, Sivakumaran, Shamini, Thomas, Megan, Torne, Manish, Turner, Sherma, Wakefield, Phillipa, Rogerson, David, Addleton, Catherine, Aju, Lisha, Appleby, Marie, Barnes, Elizabeth, Boateng, Trish, Carrick, Laura, Coulborn, Elaine, Darbyshire, Rebecca, Downes, Charlotte, Fitzgerald, Jodie, Hall, Linda, Harvey, Laura, Hassan, Amr, Holding, Kathleen, Hufton, Lianne, Humphries, Louise, Humphries, Ryan, Inman, Laurence, Issit, Nicole, Longhurst, Sarah, MacGregor, Melody, Mistry, Trusha, Mohamed, Mona, Otieno, Charlene, Read, David, Scott, Michelle, Singleton, Abbie, Smith, Jill, Sohal, Aariana, Tou, Samson, Unsworth, Vanessa, Wan, Richard, Worth, Christopher, Dobson, Richard, Buckley, Rose, Codling, Rachel, Hunter, Cain, Jackson, Jenny, Lowrie, Caroline, McMillan, Catherine, McNab, Raj, Richardson, Max, Sylvester, James, Watkin, Anna, Chambers, Jonathan, Bown, Rachel, Christie, Colin, Dukes, Stephanie, Horton, Sarah, Rees, Andrew, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Pierson, Richard, Agarwal, Nipun, Allcock, Clare, Banga, Irmeet, Baron, Kirsty, Cole, Andrea, Dalay, Santinder, Gidda, Ranjit, Lo, Phillip, Merotra, Susan, Newton, Kathryn, Riddell, Zoe, Sonksen, Julian, Jamadarkhana, Sunil, Alcock, Chanice, Allen, Wei Lin, Baker, Pearl, Beadle, Hannah, Bramall, Jon, Chiravasuta, Radu, Chohan, Amina, Christofides, Angela, Cook, Angela, Cotta, Janet, Cruz, Carina, Gilmore, Jemma, Hills, Vicky, King, Kathryn, McClelland, Lucy, Nishimura, Sei, Nyathi, Rumyana, Panagoda, Prasan, Peacock, Louise, Shinn, Emma, Spencer, Sophie, Vianzon, Mayumi, Kapoor, Ritoo, Natarajan, Nagendra, Moore, Joanna, Amoakwa-Adu, Freda, Bahlool, Sinan, Cosier, Tracey, Driscoll, Sarah, Dulea, Claudia, Feneley, Andrew, Fletcher, Marcus, Hammad, Walid, Hazelton, Tracy, Hoyland, Kim, Katyayani, Bennur, Lloyd, Catherine, Moon, Angela, Musselwhite, Janine, Nair, Ganesh, O'Donnell, Joshua, Patankar, Pushkar, Redington, Katy, Sange, Aalia, Snazelle, Mark, Srbljak, Vanja, Stead, Richard, Tariq, Ismail, Thomas, Janine, Turney, Sharon, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Mathew, Aji, Lie, Jason, Badsha, Zackriah, Bews, Sam, Bhandari, Kumud, Cartmell, Catherine, Cox, Greg, Desai, Hawa, Doran, Mark, Duberley, Stephen, Fitchett, Jill, Forrest, Diane, Freeman, David, Gani, Asif, Gedling, Catherine, Giles, Jessica, Goddard, Wendy, Gregson, Linda, Grimes, Yvonne, Hammond, Bev, Hartley, Janice, Hudson, Gemma, Ibrahim, Ramez, Iqbal, Nasreen, Jewers, Karen, Johnston, Brian, Kakkar, Abhishek, Koczka, Istvan, Lovell, Matt, Mahmoud, Mohamad, Melvin, Cathie, Milner, Matt, Moss, Nicky, Patel, Jeet, Perry, David, Pollard, Mike, Reed, Stephanie, Rennie, Gillian, Riley, Karen, Samuels, Sherrie, Simionescu, Ioana, Sissons, Lorna, Traynor, Stephen, Tucker, Daniel, Vetuz, Glenn, Whalley, Gillian, Marshall, Philippa, Arnold, Tim, Brookes, Jamie, Cowley, Anne, Delascasas, Ruth, Edmunds, Emma, Espitalier-Noel, Dominic, Jeevananthan, Rajeev, Law, Jenni, Mintrim, Kelly, Reid, Jack, Terry, Jackie, Verma, Manish, Zahra, Jean-Paul, Thorning, Geoff, Bailes, John, Dawson, Lindsay, Donovan, Clare, Gan, Jo Han, Jeyarajah, Kaya, Selman, Andrew, Woods, Justin, Csabi, Peter, Choo, Yin Yong, Das, Saheli, Denford, Clare, Desai, Mihir, Dimber, Rahul, Ellisy, Khaled, Griffiths, Ben, Lee, Sindy, Linnett, Vanessa, Daniels, Alex, Perkin, Sadie, Ritzema, Sister Jenny, Storey, Sister Bryony, Wood, Christine, Orme, Robert, Koh, Sock, Banks, Charis, Barker, Oliver, Beames, Susan, Brown, Aislinn, Corbett, Lucy, Dalton, James, Davis, Fiona, Edmunds, Matthew, Gatfield, Will, Gerrans, Edmund, Hickish, Tom, Hignell, Emily, Hiltout, Paula, Johnston, Helen, Miller, Sam, Mullender, Jo, O'Connell, Susan, Rosedale, Kath, Samuel, Katie, Vannahme, Milena, Baigel, Gary, Grayland, Sarah, Hawley, Victoria, McAffrey, Laura, Peggler, Suzannah, Stevens, Joe, Bidd, Heena, El-Boghdadly, Kariem, Zucco, Liana, Adelaja, Yemi, Bhattacharyya, Sanjoy, Bickmore, Elsie, Body, Suzanne, May-Ling Cheung, Jenny, Chowdhury, Priaykam, Cuddihy, Joshua, Ekwere, Ndi, John-Baptiste, Ange Lise, Kelly, Paul, Leslie, Daniel, Mon, Wint, Muzengi, Natasha, Ong, Cheng, Pattni, Nisha, Potter, Thomas, Stanton, Elena, Zaky, Maryam, Partridge, Richard, Bromhead, Helen, Evans, Peter, Griffin, Denise, Kinsella, J. Joseph, Knight, Alexander, Lewis, Rosemary Anna, Lightfoot, Heidi, Martin, Jane, Mupudzi, McDonald, Nahajski, Katherine, Oladele, Segun, Ottaway, Julia, Petley, Stephen, Sheldrake, Ian, Stewart, Alexander Michael, Stokes, Aaron, Trodd, Dawn, Varsani, Nimu, Walshe, Eleanor, Brown, Caroline Wrey, Huntley, Martin, Baldry, Natalie, Bennett, Caroline, Earl, Sophie, Guy, Joyce, Peat, Maggie, Stephenson, Lorraine, Tan, Hao Ern, Wills, Louise, Yare, Michelle, Yeung, Joyce, Antrolikar, Supriya, Atterbury, Katie, Baba, Fayaz, Bancroft, Hollie, Begum, Safia, Bellamy, Mary, Couper, Keith, Evans, Lucy, Flight, Rachel, Frankling, Catriona, Ganesh, Srikant, Gresty, Joanne, Joslyn, Ruth, Kadiri, Salma, Karimi, Aalisha Mariam, Kerr, Amy, Melody, Teresa, Moore, Faye, Morrish, Jennifer, O'Sullivan, Mary, Patel, Vanisha, Reeves, Eleanor, Robley, Richard, Sampson, Julia, Sangombe, Mirriam, Shabangu, Vusumuzi, Sheppard, Lucy, Stafford, Sam, Sutton, Peter, Taylor, Joanne, Turner, James, Velho, Rochelle, Webb, Joanne, Webber, Linda, Werpachowska, Ewa, Wilkinson-Guy, Lisa, Papageorgiou, Constandinos, Bisonoothan, Sohan, Casely, Emma, Casey, Carina, Kam, Elisa, Landers, Geraldine, Pearse, Laura, Raja, Meera, Solomon, Daniel, Stoyanov, Plamen, Talati, Chiraag, Arunachalam, Hari, Ashton, Victoria, Full, Jens, Green, Samira, Gratrix, Andrew, Abernethy, Caroline, Clarke, Abigail, Desai, Pallavbhai, Martinson, Victoria, Parekh, Ravi, Phillips, Mirain, Raina, Anju, Raut, Sarah, Smales, Chris, Smith, Neil, Ugochukwu, Ruth, Willis, Matt, Ignatova, Zhana, Gill, Stuart, Agarwal, Sunita, Barclay, Harry, Campbell, Brian, Collingborn, Maggie, Dagnan, Richard, Davies, David Steven, Dhaliwal, Randeep, Dharmarathna, Ishan, Doriaswami, Yuvraj, Evans, Hywel, Foly, Ahmed, Francis, John, Green, Tim, Hassanin, Ahmed, Havalda, Peter, Huda, Ahmad, Jones, Beryl, Khoju, Ramesh, Lackmann, Maria, Mensah, Kofi, Nwaefulu, Christopher, Schmidt, Ilona, Selvraj, Gopinath, Skarbit, Norbert, Suganthi, Obla, Zeber, Jacek, Nagaratnam, Vidhya, Mukherjee, Smitangshu, Kirby, Sue, Arnold, Glenn, Bendel, Daniel, Boynton, Claire, Carvell, James, Carver, Anthony, Clayton, Matt, Desai, Keyury, Fadhlillah, Fiqry, Georgiou, Christiana, Jayakumar, Vineetha, Jeanes, Lara, Jhugursing, Mhairi, Jose, Jasmine, Karsten, Emma, Kormendy, Flora, Lewis, Stephanie, Lloyd, Dafydd, Mautadin, Francisca, McCahill, Claire, McInerney, Susan, Morland, Laura, Morsman, Elaine, Nayee, Sunny, O'Callaghan, David, Pickford, Emily, Pratap, Bhavesh, Rao, Chandana, Shah, Alka, Smith, Stephen, Smyth, Claire, Souleimanova, Icel, Templeton, Maie, Upadhyaya, Kavita, Uren, Sophie, Voralia, Shree, Wilson, Rebecca, Kushakavsky, Vlad, Ang, Justin, Beeby, Debroah, Bell, Stephanie, Boys, Helen, Brixey, Sue, Chabo, Cathleen, Cubitt, Lynsey, Dawson, Maggie, Finch, Jenny, Lewis, Robert, Purewal, Bally, Pyae, Kaung, Ramsey, Judi, Scoones, Ben, Debreceni, Gabor, Tarin, Obaid, Zondo, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Carmichael, Jack, Ferreira, Teresa, Goffin, Kelly, Gurung, Sarada, Kundu, Ashish, MacLennan, Sarah, Murray, Theresa, Verma, Karan, Wilson, Graeme, Winthein, Aleinmar, Jakkampudi, Satyanarayan, Ahmed, Muneeba, Baines, Duncan, Beirnes, Charmaine, Braybrook, Chrissy, Fernandez, Olga, Gracey, Jayshree, Guha, Snehasish, Jain, Arihant, Krishnaiyan, Raghavendran, Moody, Thomas, Novaga, Jo, Tait, Frances, Tate, Jemma, Taylor, Jennifer Claire, Waldron, Molly, White, Sonia, Gupta, Anish, Botfield, Claire, Ahmed, Mohamed, Ashton, Lizzie, Bailey, Andrew Robert, Banugo, Pele, Birch, Sian, Boyle, Henry, Brown, Alice, Chen, Mark, Connolly, Lucy, Dalal, Viral, Edwards, Alexandra, Elnour, Shaima, Faccini, Timothy, Floyd, Theodore, Georgiou, Thomas, Gill, James, Hedley, Russell, Hopkins, Philip, Kumar, Roshmi, Michell, Alice, O'Shaughnessy, Rhiann Marie, O'Sullivan, Laura, Pai, Seema, Parsons, Benjamin, Peltola, Laura, Penhaligan, Beth, Place, Merate, Ramsden, Jonathan, Ratnayake, Gamunu, Shammas, Kathy, Watts, Ali, Williams, Thomas, Woodham, Valantine, Puranik, Sarang, Crooks, Jennifer, Dean, Ania, Honstvet, Chris, Hunter, Katherine, Steynberg, Sarah, Swain, Andrew, Laha, Shondipon, Bonner, Alex, Doyle, Donna, Fallon, Robert, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Yardley, Richard, Whiteley, Simon, Ahmed, Zaid, Child, Ossian Aukland, Black, Sheila, Calderwood, Jamie, Chapman, Andy, Collin, Robert, Dwornik, Kinga, Gallagher, Kate, Gardener, Michelle, Harrop, Gareth, Hart, Peter, Howcroft, Clare, Ilyas, Carl, Kempanna, Umakanth, Krishnamurthy, Gnanshree, Kumara, Paramesh, Loh, LI Lian, Morgan, James, Pipe, Jonathan, Sathiapillai, Anand, Stones, John, Wilby, Elizabeth, Shephard, Buzz, Agarwal, Manju, Bolonenkova, Tatyana, Dunlop, Lisa, Duraisamy, Karthick, Kelly, Jenna, Nurmi, Eveliina, Patel, Mitul, Perry, Jonathan, Prior, Charles, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Rose, Bernd Oliver, Rowland, Katie, Van Ross, Jennifer, McNamara, Helen, Permall, Natasha, Robertson, Gillian, Siew, Sarah, Smith, Amy, Spearritt, Sue, Verma, Dipali, Williams, Rhys, Zaidi, Suhail, Clayton, Samantha, Goddin, James, Joy, Stuart, Malhotra, Vikram, Mindel, Samuel, Neilson, Zoe, Wijesuria, Shanelle Tharuka, Wilkins, Ryan, Mukherjee, Kirtida, Bradley, Andrew, Coetzee, Samantha, Crook, Alexandra, Emeakaroha, Eunice, Frenkiel, Marek, Hatton, Tom, Kamraj, Kootharajan, Long, Natalie, Manikundalam, Badrinath, Peiris, Muditha, Roche, Matthew, Sandhu, Banher, White, Nichola, Woods, Annette, Yarnold, Adam, Price, Nicolas, Ashe, Marion, Disney, Tom, Dixon, Caroline, Dodds, Emily, El-Sheika, Sarah, Hameed, Yasir, Jones, Rob, Kanal, Karan, Ranaweera, Sanjeewa, Ripoll, Simon, Russell, Nicki, Smith, Sally Anne, Tung, Swee Ang, Emerson, Bruce, Apps, Victoria, Austin, Mandy, Catchpole, Laura, Catley, Christine, Child, Jenny, Cranmer, Karen, Dawson, Lizzie, Farr, Beth, Gerrish, Helen, Gibson, Sian, Gunn, Jacqueline, Holland, Kim, James, Lorri, Jayasekera, Dushyanthi, Lester, Yvonne, Lyle, Amanda, McNeela, Fiona, Oborska, Aneta, Pennington, James, Perkins, Lauren, Robinson-Perrie, Hollie, Shillito, Lauren, Singizi, Bryan, Smolen, Susan, Topliffe, Joanne, Vowles, Ben, Whybro, Natalie, Wijunamai, Amon, Willsher, Lucy, Wootton, Joanne, Varma, Sandeep, Atkinson, Philip, Buckley, Sarah, Darian, Thelma, Dhamaratne, Sachini, Gould, Richard, Graham, Laura, Hirst, Charlotte, Peeling, Andrew, Prentice, Saxon, Rajasekar, Naresh, Rose, Alastair, Smith, Craig, Wilkinson, Kate, Stewart, Richard, Chevis, Chrissie, Ekpa, John, Greig, Nurse Sara, Hinch, Nurse Rebecca, Holder, Carole, Makris, Nikolaos, Moran, Nurse Louise, Padilla Harris, Nurse Cheryl, Scarletta, Nurse Diane, Smith, Jeanette, Sara-Beth Sutherland, Nurse, Turner, Joanne, Valentine, Peter, van Manen, Amelia, Walia, Nurse Sonia, White, Nurse Charlotte, Wilson, Georgina, Wren, Nurse Lynn, Wright, Nurse Francesca, Faulds, Matthew, Agius, Claire-Marie, Ahmed, Raheel, Ahmed, Sameer, Alva, Arjun, Bird, Rachael, Buckley, David, Calder, Verity, Clark, Caroline, Craven, Emily, Cullen, Katherine, Davis, John, Diamond-Fox, Sadie, Doherty, Helen, Dutta, Bhaskar, Fortune, Jonathan, Gatehouse, Alexandra, Gibson, Jane, Hay, David, Hillier, Steve, Hindmarch, Paul, James, Michael, Keshvara, Kiran, Kotur, Karuna, Lawley, Peter, Lochanie, Nimali, Macbeth, Lisa, Madhu, Yamuna, Marcangelo, Sam, McShane, Lesley, Morgan, Amy, Mowat, Stephen, Nelson, Joshua, O'Leary, Denis, Partridge, Jennifer, Pearson, Janaki, Poulton, Tom, Prasad, Sneha, Protheroe, Kay, Qureshi, Adnaan, Rangaswamy, Girish, Richardson, Victoria, Scott, Carmen, Smallshaw, Karen, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Soulsby, Graham, Wahed, Anna, Walker, Iain, Welch, Sarah, Wilson, Jessica, Winkley, Elaine, Womack, Jonathan, Mitchell, Joellene, O'Brien, Peter, Callaghan, Debbie, Clarke, Ruth, Foggo, Graeme, Gilmour, Danielle, Hickey, Stephen, Hii, Stephanie, Livingstone, Susan, McAtear, Megan, Meehan, Sharon, Milne, Gemma, Small, James, Williams, Dewi, Jardine, Catherine, White, Graham, Wright, David, Hunter, Katie, Fleming, Gillian, Marc Hastie, P.A.-A., Hunter, Catherine, Lockhart, Jennifer, Reid, Kirsten, Robb, Hilary, Harten, Johann, Crooks, Barbara A., Ratnasabapathy, Urmila, Staber, Manfred, Pettigrew, Tom, Varveris, Daphne, Brett, Michael, Appleton, Richard, Briskoe, Michael, Brown, Graeme, Brown, Stewart, Christie, Fiona, Coady, Guy, Cowan, Richard, Drysdale, Alice, D'Sylva, Stewart, Edgar, Paul, Finnie, Graeme, Gardner, John, Gupta, Shub, Hall, Colin, Hamilton, Jane, Hunter, Laura, Ikram, Umairali, Imrie, Gregor, Kerr, Euan, Kinsella, Michael, Kommer, Maya, Lafferty, Brian, Lochrin, Christopher, Lovejoy, Tom, Loy, Maria, MacLean, Aillison, MacPherson, David, Marshall, Cara, Mawhinney, Ruth, McAteer, Claire, McCaul, Prof James, McCusker, Michael, McDowall, Katherine, McGovern, Christopher, Mckie, Stewart, Morrison, Melanie, Mulla, Suleman, Neale, Elizabeth, Niciu, Cristina, Ong, Su Ying, O'Sullivan, Finbar, Parcell, Sophie, Ramsay, Sarah, Robson, Rebecca, Roy, Nithin, Samuel, Jasmine, Scotland, Gemma, Sharma, Natasha, Slade, Kate, Soosay, Alvin, Soulsby, Charlotte, Steuart, Lois, Stevenson, Sara, Sweeney, Laura, Tan, Kerwei, Taylor, Calum, Th'ng, Francesca, Thompson, Caroline, Wardlow, James, Watson, Martin, Williams, Robin, Woodier, James, Young, Simon, Robinson, David, Howes, Jacqueline, Berwick, Scott, Boyle, Andrew, Brown, Neil, Celnik, Anna, Coleman, Alistair, Elwkhiee, Mohamed, Fernandes, Mario, Hanlon, Katie, MacLean, Sarah, Morgan, Rhian, Edgar, Jonathan, Chapman, Roddy, Razouk, Khaled, Atrah, Ali, Bhat, Sunny, Bramma, Yvonne, Campbell, Euan, Campbell, Rachel, Cormack, Anna, Dalchow, Stephan, Dodd, Ammy, Ferguson, Laura, Ferraioli, Donna, Hynd, Moyra, Janeczko, Adam, Jeffrey, Sally, Kinsey, Tony, Kummur, Yuvaraj, McIntosh, Karen, McKenna, John, Mclaughlin, Maria, Millington, Ryhs, Murphy, Emma, Parker, Kris, Reevell, Tom, Robertson, Fiona, Shankey-Smith, Will, Slorach, Colum, Szelei, Tamas, Warnock, Geoff, Watson, Stuart, Alston, Peter, Geddes, Murray, McLellan, Stuart, Allen, Eireann, Birnie, Karen, Brown, Kirsteen, Critchley, Julia, Cullen, Margaret, Eros, Alex, Forbes, Callum, French, Helen, Hall, David, Hetherington, Jonathan, Kellner, Maximiliane, Kelly, Keith, Khaled, Hiba, Mantle, Damien, McLenachan, John, Midgley, Susan, Nimmo, Susan, Ordys, Bart, Phelan, Hannah, Roddam, Philip, Shaw, Louise, Smith, Carolyn, Steel, Elizabeth, Stuart, Robert, Sturrock, John, Waite, Alasdair, Waterson, Fraser, Watson, Hannah, Wood, Elizabeth, Schraag, Stefan, Boyd, Elizabeth, Jain, Surabhi, Matthews, Elaine, Rappai, Geejo, Barr, Catriona, Stewart, Michael, Christie, Sharon, Smith, Tim, Arrow, Kate, Austin, Pauline, Chapman, Susie, Little, Jonathan, Malein, William, Sadler, Amy, Younger, Rhona, Reavley, Caroline, Allan, Katy, Ashok, Vignesh, Boroojeny, Ayda Borjian, Cutts, John-Paul, Faulds, Fiona, Fernie, Mark, Gadre, Amit, Gately, Tom, Haddon, Richard, Induruwage, Lalani, King, Siobhan, Liddle, Sian, Mallett, Paul, Mehotra, Saurabh, Ali, Inthekab Mohammed, Morris, Rachel, Nunn, David, Ferraro, Rocio Ochoa, Padhi, Pulak, Prusack, Ewa, Quak, Edmund, Singleton, Georgina, So, Kin, Stolady, Daniel, Welch, Drew, Whitear, Michael, Wilkinson, Kathy, Wu, James, Yusaf, Alex, Kakodkar, Prashant, Ghoneim, Hoda Abou, Balliston, Sara, Dudgeon, Lucy, Idris, Muna Elsheikh, Karattuparambil, Juneenath, Nanda, Lohita, Raithatha, Bhavesh, Saad, Mahmood, Spimpolo, Jenny, Titinchi, Linda, Wilson, Julie, Winstone, Ulrika, Martindale, Sarah, Cameron, Ewen, Fenner, Lynn, Hartford-Beynon, Jake, Mooney, Iain, Mundy, Charlotte, Rhidian, Rhys, Scutt, Sophie, Todd, Anna, Graham, Fiona, Ashton, Amy, Cooper, Theresa, Davidson, Katherine, Eapen, Suresh, Crowther, Hannah, Hindmoor, Claire, McSkeane, Anna, Mostafa, Mahamed, Mudimadagu, Gururaj, Rice, Polly, Wilson, Antoinette, Henry, Garry, Hollister, Nigel, Hunt, Jane, Isaac, Amanda, Morris, David, Paredes-Guerra, Antonio, Pass, Katherine, Paul, Martin, Rait, Kiran, Rousseau, Guy, Shacklock, Emma, Skinner, Amanda, Stancombe, Lucia, Thomson, Laura, Nutt, Christopher, Wright, Geoffrey, Holland, Johnny, O'Neill, Orla, Sengottaiyans, Arun, Mitra, Atideb, Garg, Sanjeev, Adams, Jonathan, Aiyedun, Temitope, Ali, Hani, Biuk, Sahar, Bond, Bryany, Cheeseman, Michelle, Clayton, Mark, Cottam, Lisa-Jayne, Dent, Kathy, Evans, Elizabeth, Evans, Sandra, Goodhand, Hannah, Green, Karen, Hatton, Jonathan, Hill, Joanne, Hutchinson, Dorothy, Jacob, Shibu, Joseph, Renjith, MacNally, Laura, Mann, Jason, McTaggart, Virginia, Newton, Maria, Pearson, Sandra, Rayet, Jaspreet, Saunders, Rebecca, Saxena, Sandeep, Venkatesh, Hemamangala, Whotton, Nikita, Ezihe-Ejiofor, Ada, Barot, Hemangini, Bridger, Hayley, Elhallous, Shady, Ghafoor, Rizana, Manhas, Vitul, Patil, Tanmay, Sadavarte, Nitin, Tharmalingam, Bhamini, Pritchard, David, Bage, Jean, Higgin, Sarah, Krishnaier, Asokan, Neilly, Esther, Rayappu, Sean, Siaw, Chye, Songaile, Ilma, Standen, Peter, Suresh, Narayanan, Weston, William, Williams, Lynne, Yuchen, Jiang, Alagar, Ravi, Taylor, Adrian, Matata, Claire, McCrossan, Roopa, Robertson, Andrew, Shekar, Priya, Stoker, Wendy, Turnbull, Elizabeth, Watkinson, Clare, Worthy, Stephen, Yates, Bryan, Ignatov, Dancho, Davies, Matthew, Abdu, Ayman, Banni, Donata, Bowyer, Helen, Brooks, David, Buhmann, Ulf, Christenssen, Victoria, Collins, James, D'Sa, Aaron, Forde, Steven, Groves, Alice, Hosahalli, Jyothi, Hunt, Lauren, Koshy, George, Lee, Robyn, Martin, Susan, McKnight, Angus, Murphy, Piers, Nash, Henry, Nkanang, Bassey, Oracki, Pamela, Pauley, Tara, Pope, Alan, Samanta, Romit, Sgardelis, Panagiotis, Stocks, Tom, Vaitheeswaran, Sivaprakash, Verma, Priya, Vrazhalska, Madlena Ivanova, Weisz, Mike, Moppett, Iain, Arunachalam, Subha, Begum, Zorba, Bhangu, Sonia, Bown, Gemma, Chana, Avninder, Chhaniyara, Puja, Constable, Natalie, Delme, Luff, Fenner, Helen, Griffith, Oliver, Hackett, Stephen, Hewson, David, Inkpin, Kristofor, Jones, Richard, Kirkdale, Richard, Lyons, Ian, Mandal, Arnab, Mehrotra, Prerna, Murphy, Martin, Pearce-Smith, Alison, Priestley, Martin, Pyke, Shirley, Rasoli, Sonia, Sharma, Suneal, Squires, Gemma, Tsim, Peter, Veitch, Jonathan, Bond-Smith, Giles, Kay, Olivia, Siviter, Richard, Allen, John, Baxter, Linden, Beer, Sally, Bernardo, Mariana, Coles, Holly, Cudlip, Jo, Devries, Talitha, Duggleby, Phil, Espinosa, Alexis, Fitzgibbon, Karina, Galente, Joao, Georgiou, Domonique, Ghosh, Soumi, Hingley, Nicholas, Kingan, Ryan, Levett, Chris, Martinez, Jose, Mattin, Alex, Moore, Anna, Morrish, Samuel, Nash, Amy, Patel, Tejuswi, Roe, Cieron, Thwaites, Victoria, Wali, Anuj, Watterson, Dafydd, Charlotte Yates, Anna Wilson, Gimenez, Marc, Boltres, Anita, McClean, Rebecca, Papadopoullos, Sam, Teh, Elena, Webb, Stephen, Brammar, Andrew, Humphreys, Joanne, Alibhai, Moiz, Alston, Daisy, Cohen, Jolyon, Coleman, Laura, Davies, Simon, Dervin, Dionne, Dooley, Rebecca, Drummond, Andrew, Findlay, Douglas, Fleming, Naomi, Hammoud, Yazzim, Hussain, Sanniah, Irwin, Katy, Javed, Asad, Kent, Linda, Lock, Lorraine, McSorland, Denise, Meadows, Alison, Mulligan, Paula, Nichols, Wendy, O'Callaghan, Maria, Ogor, Jonathan, Poole, Joanna, Ryder, Geoffrey, Shakoor, Akmal, Teo, Wei, Minto, Gary, Adshead, Stephen, Anderson, Helen, Carpenter, Adam, Clelland, Stuart, Datar, Priya, Elloway, Esme, Holl, Matt, Hulbert, Aidan, Humphreys, James, Hyams, Ben, McAleer, Sam, Newmarch, Mary, Notman, Holly, Patrick, Abigail, Perham, Anna, Pitman, Catherine, Reed, Fiona, Sampson, Paul, Smith, Hannah, Spinney, Sam, Toms, Nina, Warrener, Tim, Girgis, Michael, Barcraft-Barnes, Helena, Camsooksai, Julie, Colvin, Carolyn, Davies, Jack, Hamilton, Alex, Linton, Fiona, Nussbaum, Greg, Patch, Sarah, Simpson, Diane, Tbaily, Lee, Bain, James, A'Court, Alicja, Barr, Emma, Blethyn, Kate, Craig, Thomas, Cutler, Hugh, Davies, Jenny, Fry, Rebecca, Hawes, Elizabeth, Jenkins, Nicholas, Knight, Martin, Restall, David, Stubbs, Matthew, Sutherland, Angus, Swarbrick, Claire, Wilson, Robin, Winwright, Paul, Hamilton, Kevin, Adams, Anne, Allen, Orlanda, Boampomaa, Marilyn, Boniface, Anna-Marie, Coe, Robert, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, Gill, Issac, Griffiths, Huw, Hackney, Joanna, Han, Ruth, Hare, Edward, Rintoul, Edward, Shpuza, Ervin, Smith, Ruth, Staines, Nikki, Suppiah, Puvan, White, Tracey, Pearson, Darcy, Cracknell, Ben, Farrell, Nadine, Hermanowski, Jane, Hodgson, Ruth, Hoskins, Toby, Jones, Rhiannon, Keable, Sam, Rosbergen, Melissa, Giles, Julian, Dawes, Thomas, Green, Ben Eden, Pottinger, Gail, Weller, Debbie, John, John, Burgess, Lisa, Denton, Jean, Done, Alaine, Edwards, Jayne, Garrett, Theresa, Gilla, Rajesh, Griffith-Norris, Samantha, Jones, Teresa, Linklater-Jones, Barbara, Nicholas, Claire, Owen, Sara, Perkins, Charlotte, Rowlands, Tessa, Steen, Julie, Turner, Sarah, Wales, Johanna, Woolley, Carol-Ann, Hormis, Anil, Collier, Dawn, Dixon, Kathryn, Gardner, Michael, Murray, Vicky, Soar, Harry, Walker, Rachel, Yaruk, Shifa, Yarwood, Daniel, Dill-Russell, Patrick, ruthy Arumugam, Bird, Georgina, Bleasby, Nichola, Chater-Lea, Peter, Craig, Emma, Davies, George, Foxton, Julie, Gilfillan, Helen, Jerram, Keelan, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Lee, Rebecca, Livesy, John, Mohabir, Amanda, Morris, Katherine, Raffles, Mike, Smith, Annika, Wang, Huiqi, Craig, James, Barratt, Nina, Bates, Andy, Bokor, Norbert, Cranshaw, Julius, Dominguez, Sergio, Fraine, Annette, Green, Richard, Molloy, Katie, Penny, Christina, Pitts, Sally, Purandare, Laura, Rabbi, Taslima, Serrano, Monica, Stoycheva, Tina, Vamplew, Luke, Williams, Steve, Berry, Julian, Adams, Benita, Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Devooght-Johnson, Nicki, Hammonds, Fiona, Nicholls, Tom, Rowe, Michelle, Summers, Jessica, Ward, Olivia, Wroath, Belinda, Young, Gabbie, Matthews, Cathryn, Crosbie, Gearoid, Dunn, Alex, Eddy, Sara, Garcia, Lynda, Garwood, James, Green, Adam, Gupwell, Karin, Jones, Nicola, Marriott, Suzie, Masood, Mohammad, Mazzola, Francesca, McEvoy, Evanna, Ng, Yang, Park, Linda, Pauling, Stephanie, Potter, Alison, Renton, Caroline, Samways, Adam, Sibley, Pauline, Stead, Jenny, Thorpe, Kevin, Turner, Elizabeth, Walter, Michelle, Windsor, Kevin, Jha, Rajeev, Hooker, Nicolas, Kidel, Carlos, Abayalingam, Mayavan, Boulding, Richard, Coakley, Philip, Elahi, Noor, Helder, Filipe, Hilton, James, Joshi, Kunal, Kaur, Rupinder, Male, Victoria, Naji, Saqib, Pinto, Manuel, Rajendran, Yohinee, Save, Manjeet, Smith, Megan, Spence, Emily, Tang, Sophie, Urwin, Thomas, Wittenberg, Marc, Yan, Ruoling, Williams, Colin, Ardeshna, Arjun, Bamford, Peter, Hagyard, Sarah, Johnson, Patrick, McMonagle, Martina, Morris, Hayleigh, Murphy, Thomas, Papadopoulos, Stavros, Simpson, Emma, Smith-Williams, Jonathan, Vyapury, Vin, Juneja, Rohit, Black, Ethel, Eeles, Alex, Elliot, Justine, Jhanji, Shaman, Knoetze, Reynard, McCanny, Jamie, Oswald, Lauren, Roderick, Ellie, Gunning, Paul, Siddaiah, Narendra, Balachandar, Krishna, Bhimarasetty, Chandra, Bird, Laura, Blunt, Conny, Da Silva, Egidio, Darbyshire, Mark, Echaveznaguicni, Irene, Girgis, Youssef, Goodman, Martin, Gowda, Dinkar, Gowni, Rajashekar, Hayes, Melony, Jackson, Natalie, James, Anitha, Jayapal, Rekha, Jones, Claudette, Leung, Enid, Minhas, Simran, Mubarak, Mona, Muniyappa, Sudeshkumar, Nassa, Zehrin, Neal, Tom, Nyangoni, Kudakwashe, Panchakshariah, Suresh, Philpott, Bethany, Pinner, Craig, Pygall, Daniel, Rangaiah, Manamohan, Rao, Anil, Rea, William, Shellard, Richard, Shinner, Guy, Sutherland, Tony, Tharakan, Liza, Thomas, Sue, Travasso, Betty, Venkatesh, Pyda, Wortley, Dionne, Dickinson, Matthew, Benoliel, Sophie, Doyle, Nanci, Marriott, Cheryl, Martin, Sarah, Montague, Laura, Penhaligon, Kate, Saha, Rita, Santhirapala, Ramai, Suntharanathan, Lushani, Wakeford, Nichola, Webb, Carly, Winterbottom, Toby, Jordan, Lesley, Aldridge, Matt, Bolton-Hill, Clare, Cook, Prof Tim, Kangesan, Inthu, Kettley, Laura, Mew, Edward, Penketh, James, Quinn, Eleonore, Scholes, Sam, Uppugonduri, Sreekanth Rayalu, Allen, Lara, Lyndsay Bibb, Jill Brown, Busby, Charlotte, Katherine Cheshire, Davis, Matron Beryl, Denyer, Rebecca, Julie Edwards, Gardiner, Laura, Haque, Shamim, Icke, Julia, Jones, Katherine, Donna McIntosh, Mandy Oakley, Prasad, Linda, Victoria Roberts, Smallwood, Andrew, Tammy Smith, Stelfox, Lucy, Angela Stevens, Angela Willberry, Pratt, Oliver, Chincholkar, Mahindra, Darwin, Leanne, Dearden, Joy, Flowerdew, Adele, Harrison, Louise, Hartley, Robert, Ingham, Andrea, Jones, Ben, Lee, Stephanie, Longdon, Elizabeth, Marsden, Tracy, Meats, Kirsty, Michael, Angiy, Norwood-Green, Drew, O'Loughlin, Victoria, Owen, Holly, Patel, Manju, Perez, Jane, Whiston, Jessica, Wood, Andrea, Williams, Simon, Billingham, Chloe, Clarke, Caroline, Holmwood, Xantha, Knighton, Melba, Sands, Becky, Stevens, Paul, Strong-Sheldrake, Sophia, Taylor, Matthew, Rambhatla, Mrutyunjaya Rao, Brodier, Elizabeth, Choudhry, Ozerah, Choudhry, Usman, Fitzmaurice, Bethany, Hulme, Jonathan, Kannan, Santhana, Mak, Kay Anne, Namih, Miriam, Rajdev, Bharati, Rambhatla, Swetha, Reilley, Stuart, Rice, Rebecca, Sethia, Nalini, Smith, Katy, Wakhle, Rahul, Walmsley, Chris, Wrench, Ian, Agyemang, Michael, Bell, Elizabeth, Bird, Sarah, Briscoe, James, Cruickshanks, Andy, Drinkwater, Jake, Eggleston, Sam, Elms, Henry, Hammon, Laura, Harris, Meredith, Harrison, Christopher, Hirst, Claire, Housley, Kay, Kapoor, Krish, Kibutu, Faith, Kilner, Beverly, King, Emily, Kirk, Emily, Marshall, Esme, Mazzone, Paolo, Middle, Janet, Milner, Leanne, Mitchell, Adam, Morris, Becky, Mudd, Alexandra, Needham, Matthew, Nicholas, James, Penson, Rob, Perfitt, Joel, Pinkerton, Mark, Recto, Mayeth, Rehnstrom, Maria, Riley, Catherine, Ryan, Lorna, Smith, Jennie, Strong, Samantha, Thornley, Helen, Tookey, Bethany, West, Daniel, Whitaker, John, Willcock, Sarah, Willoughby, Shay, Wright, Jane, Jones, Paul, Abbott, Riquella, Bacon, Lisa, Godden, Christopher, Howe, David, Loughlin, Angela, Moore, Helen, Passey, Samuel, Rodgers, Rebekah, Foley, Paul, Hagan, Samantha, Marcus, Simon, Gardner, Irene, Haslam, Zena, Morrison, Moira, Obeysekera, Chai, Porter, Kim, Terrett, Helen, Henning, Jeremy, Baillie, Kirsty, Buchanan, Ella, Cain, Martyn, Colling, Kerry, Duarte, Raquel, Gibb, Chris, Hynd, Ryan, Irvine, Victoria, Lyons, Rob, Middleton, Karoline, Razaque, Usman, Sheikh, Faisal, Tabiner, Tariq, Frey, Christian, Brown, Carly, Clifford, Gayle, McKee, Madeleine, Stidolph, Beverley, White, Emert, Campbell, Bridget, Mason, Sophie, Parsons, Penny, Santana-Vaz, Natasha, Stagg, Camilla, Shah, Nirav, Barnes, Veronica, Bedoes, Penny, Clarke, Jonathan, Crichton, Robert, Das, Madhurima, Davies, Paul, Farrah, Helen, Hegarty, Aoife, Howlett, Luisa, Kleine-Brueggeney, Maren, Ma, Samson, Marsh, Veronica, McAndrew, Katherine, Mellinghoff, Johannes, Oscier, Christopher, Ryan, Christine, Smee, Elizabeth, Thurairasa, Dushanthi, Goel, Vandana, Adeney, Christopher, Behl, Sanjay, Chadwick, Karen, Coleman, Thomas, Davies, Claire, Dealing, Sharon, Elwood, Jamie, Fadden, Emma, Gillies, Stella, Kennedy, Tom, Miller, Thomas, Morton, Simon, Reilly, Rebecca, Smyth, Sue, Syratt, Thomas, Welfare, Emma, Thomas, Elizabeth, Awolesi, Jennifer, Bennett, Hannah, Bradshaw, Elizabeth, Crabtree, David, Duraman, Lauren, Hughes, Kerry, Kirk, Sarah, Leonard, Dee, Stoeter, Rachel, Parrington, Simon, Andorka, Matyas, Ang, Kingsin, Bailey, Linda, Brooks, Stephanie, Chiu, Oon, Collins, Sally, Jack, James, Knight, Harry, Lynn-Smith, Anastasia, Mackenzie, Matt, Maher, Sarah, Nimako, Louise, Sangaralingham, Siva, Sanusi, Seliat, Weller, Samantha, Willard, Elizabeth, Kulkarni, Anand, Carroll, Peter, Clark, Martyn, Coulding, Martina, Denman, Elizabeth, El Habishi, Mohyman, Haywood, Patrick, McConniffe, Jane, McCormick, Jacqueline, Melachuri, Krishnakar, Philip, Evelyn, Ridgway, Stephanie, Savill, Heather, Sharif, Kamal, Vere, Joanne, Harris, Stephen, Coombs, Alex, Darch, Flora, Doble, Patricia, Foot, Jayne, Gillett, Chris, Judd, Thomas, Moss, Alison, Pawley, Corinne, Tait, Moira, Whitcher, Alison, Wood, Natalie, Montgomery, Jane, De Selincourt, Gabrielle, Fitzell, Pauline, Flower, Katie, Horan, Kathleen, Hulance, Bianca, Mercer, Pauline, Shaw, Sarah, Webber, Robin, Kakkar, Manish, Joachim, Suganthi, Aggarwal, Seetal, Ali, Amr, Ang, Boon, Bhardwa, Vishnu, Deamer, Wendy, Filby, Lorna, Fletcher, Jo, Fombon, Felix, Gawley, Shannon, Gosavi, Chandrakant, Hindle, Julia, Lawrence, Tara, Maher, Robert, Moore, Samantha, Netherton, Kimberley, Orasanu, Teodora, Poimenidi, Evangelia, Potter, Louise, Ranasinghe, Niyesa, Ribeiro, Lester, Ruth, Thoy, Butler, Susie, Sutton, Tim, Thomas, Issy, Veluvolu, Divya, Walker, Thomas, Wariyapola, Charindri, Zaheer, Lail, Luoma, Valpuri, Ferguson, Catriona, Stewart, Adrienne, Bapat, Smita, Bose, Gahan, Bugo, John, Campbell, Marta, Cervi, Elizabeth, Ciechanowicz, Sarah, Coathup, Rachel, El-Wahab, Niveen, Frith, Claire, Gill, Preea, Gray, Martin, Luoma, Astri, Mehta, Sachin, Murali, Mayur, Mussad, Asya, Parker, Laura, Patch, Josh, Perella, Paolo, Robson, Emily, Setty, Thunga, Vieira, Filipe, Wall, Josh, Witby, Jon, Zghaibe, Wael, Zhang, Sheldon, Merron, Stephen, Abano, Nenette, Barnett, Loretta, Barry, Adrian, Birks, Pamela, Brade, Judith, Butler, Adrian, Carpio, Racquel, Colclough, Viv, Eaton, Katrina, Edwards, Carol, Emery, Lisa, Finney, Kay, Gallagher, Susan, Ghatge, Satyajeet, Grocott, Jeanette, Hall, Amanda, Hardwick, Alison, Harrison, Anne, Hendy, Susan, Hiden, Joanne, James, Alex, Jeganath, Vijay, Kumar, Rahul, Lord, Stephen, Lovatt, Rachel, Lyjko, Susan, Maguire, Holly, Marsden, Mia, Mehta, Venu, Mishra, Rajeev, Mittal, Rohit, Moores, Andrew, Nalwaya, Pramod, Omeara, Matthew, Orosz, Sandor, Patel, Nehal, Pattison, Nicola, Ponce, Ida, Puttapa, Ashok, Rajamanickam, Tamilselvan, Rao, Nagaraj, Remegoso, Alda, Rhodes, Rochelle, Rooney, Angela, Sadler, Emma, Singh, Permendra, Soon, Wai, Tomlins, Simon, Umbarje, Kanchan, Vallabhaneni, Murali, Varquez, Resti, Wain, Jill, White, Sorana, Willetts, Elizabeth, Williams, Benedict, Wood, Andrew, Washington, Stephen, Anipindi, Sujata, Aston, Jennifer, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Butler, Ian, Cunningham, Jennifer, Duncan, Alastair, Garrard, Hywel, Haslam, Daniel, Kirk, Danielle, McCormick, Richard, McEvoy, Michael, Mistry, Sara, Ormandy, Danielle, Sharp, Tracy, Song, Andrew, Williamson, Georgina, Young, Francis, Tasker, Laura, Bailey, Elizabeth, Baker, Roisin, Bamford, Amy, Bergin, Colin, Blackburn, Julia, Bodo, Kinga, Carrera, Ronald, Cooper, Lauren, Despy, Liesl, Ellis, Karen, Foster, Morgan, Garner, Sharon, Harkett, Lyndon, Harkett, Samantha, Ip, Peter, Lay, Frances, Liu, Hon Sum, Mee, Laura, Nazir, Samir, Osbourne-Wylde, Jacob, Patel, Krupali, Pope, Martin, Reeves, Emma, Sahni, Melanie, Small, Charlotte, Spooner, Brendon, Spruce, Elaine, Whitehouse, Arlo, Wharton, Nicholas, Alexander, Rachel, Ashford, Amy, Aspinall, Rebecca, Bateman, Richard, Bell, Matthew, Bennett-Britton, Jennifer, Bewley, Jeremy, Blanshard, Hannah, Bourdeaux, Christopher, Brook, Peter, Cain, Helen, Cameron, Claire, Cassells, Naomi, Chauhan, Nilesh, Clarke, Adrian, Cockroft, Melanie, Cohen, Alan, Collins, Joanna, Cominos, Timothy, Craven, Rachael, Davies, Ian, Dolling, Sarah, Dowse, Claire, Driver, Kate, Duffen, Adam, Dunn, Sarah-Jane, Earnshaw, Charlotte, Forrest, Frances, Freshwater-Turner, Dan, Gardner, Issie, Gibbins, Matthew, Gibbison, Ben, Gleeson, Suzanne, Gould, Timothy, Govier, Matthew, Gupta, Benjamin, Hadfield, John, Harvey, Nicola, Henderson, Sophia, Herbert, Lara, Hillier, James, Hood, Elizabeth, Howes, Ben, Howes, Helen, Hughes, Sian, Jackson, Kathryn, Jacobs, Toby, Jenkins, Emma, Jenkins, Ian, Johnstone, Alistair, Jones, Lydia, Jones, Rebecca, Joshi, Natasha, Kamalanathan, Kajan, Kellie, Neil, Kidd, Lawrence, Kinsella, Mike (Stephen), Knight, Thomas, Leslie, Rebecca, Linter, Stephen, Lovell, Tim, Martin, Matthew, McHugh, Ursula, McIndoe, Andrew, McKendry, Rachel, Middleditch, Alexander, Miles, Edward, Milne, Lesley, Molyneux, Mat, Muchatuta, Neil, Murphy, Ruth, O'Higgins, Fran, Oglesby, Kieran, Pachucki, Marcin, Paoloni, Claudia, Patel, Nishita, Patton, Catherine (Katie), Paulich, Skylar, Pearson, Annabel, Pickering, Anthony, Platt, Martin, Pope, Charlie, Pryn, Steve, Ranjan, Amit, Rasburn, Neil, Ray, Andrew, Rivers, Jonathan, Rooney, Kieron, Ryder, Ian, Sanders, Sarah, Sasi-Kumar, Kavita, Scott, Liam, Scrutton, Mark, Searles, Chloe, Self, James, Shah, Sanjoy, Sheils, Mark, Shipway, Toby, Short, Heather, Simmonds, Lauren, Smith, Daniela, Soodan, Anjali, Steeds, Charlotte, Sweet, Katie, Syme, Phoebe, Thomas, Matthew J., Tomkins, Sally, Underwood, Susan, Wagstaff, Adrian, Watson, Paul, Webster, Denise, Welham, Katie, Whaley, Anne, Williams, Helen, Wilson, Hannah, Winton, Anoushka, Woodward, Thomas, Worthington, Jeanie, Younie, Stuart, Bradbury, Carol, Auldin, Mohammad, Bosworth, Kate, Choksey, Falguni, Dudkowsky, Bernice, Elton, John, Evans, Gail, Grove, Charlotte, Ingram, Clare, Kelly, Andrew, Lax, Peter, Lynes, Elena, Madden, George, Mistry, Vinesh, Molitor, Timothy, Morgan, Catherine, Morris, Natalie, Pallister, Emily, Patel, Pooja, Ragothaman, Vijay, Ramm, Katie, Robinson, Ben, Sharma, Meghna, Shuttleworth, Daniel, Vaidyanath, Chandrashekhar, Warren, Jen, Wong, Rachel, Lau, Gary, Conway, Hannah, Majeed, Adeel, Parmar, Jaina, Rana, Meenal, Yusuff, Hakeem, Rimmer, Corinne, Abdelrhamen, Wael, Allison, Kathryn, Burns, Karen, Cahill, Nichola, Clark, Jon, Donaldson, Hannah, Heseltine, Nick, Mackenzie, Nicola, McArthur, Carol, Moreland, Neil, Shohelly, Sharmin, Thatcher, Hilary, Tran, Steven, Walker, Catriona, Al-Rawi, Samar, Wakatsuki, Mai, Aarvold, Alice, Addy, Melissa, Ashfield, Georgina, Beauchamp, Nigel, Belcher, Alex, Bennett, Tom, Burgess, Victoria, Burton, Andy, Campbell, Matthew, Cruikshank, Ross, Cumpstey, Andy, Davies, Rhys, Ford, Chris, Ford, Renee, Hawkins, Lesley, Hendra, Tim, Huttley, Thomas, Jolly, Erica, Kalcheva, Nevena, Kennedy, Charlie, Lees, Jessica, Lowe, Richard, Martindale, Tim, McCormick, Sarah, McPhee, Hannah, Millinchamp, Fran, Muddanyake, Rahul, Osorio, Eduardo, Patel, Kiran, Pestell, Samuel, Phillips, Steve, Plumb, Jamie, Pratt, Thomas, Quartermain, Bert, Reeves, Rebecca, Robin, Sophie, Scully, Thecla, Sehgal, Anamika, Seifalan, Said, Shuttleworth, Suzanne, Siddique, Omar, Sleap, Esme, Smith, Victoria, Snooks, Richard, Solanki, Virginia, Timmons, Christina, Trimble, Alice, Tunney, Doug, Walker, Kat, Wee, Naomi, Wigley, James, Wilkins, Huw, Wong, Hanna, Wood, Laura, Yogya, Dinithi, Young, Ruth, Shanbhag, Sumant, Ameer, Farrukh, Finnity, Jonathan, Haddock, James, Hunt, Alex, Kuravi, Aditya, Lenehen, Fionnuala, McOwat, Lindsay, Naqvi, Asad, Richardson, Lisa, Siddons, Victoria, Charters, Seema, Jumani, Deepa, Bradley, Peter, Bubb, Laura, Chan, Rebekah, Connell, Lynne, Crone, Rachel, Davis, Hannah, Defeyter, Pascal, Evans, Alison, Howard, Ramdas, Prady, Helena, Rogers, Natalie, Roughley, Lindsay, Whittle, Helen, Zeinali, Daniel, Cherian, Vinanti, Latif, Muhammad Usman, Bajwa, Maqsood, Guy, Jonny, Guz, Krzysztos, Iftikhar, Nauman, Iwanicka, Beata, Khan, Mujeeb, Love, Anna-Marie, Montgomery, Celia, Mulvany, Stephen, O'Kane, Emma, O'Kane, Sinead, Siddiqui, Mansoor, Small, Cathal, Subhani, Shaik, Dana, Emily, Kennedy, Richard, Amey, Isobel, Ashton, Hilary, Baird, Yolanda, Bushell, Caroline, Chadbourn, Indra, Cohen, Merle, Finlay, Emma, Gilbert, Jeanette, Helm, David, Lewis, Carla, Macallan, Jenny, Margalef, Jordi, Martins, Nic, Metiu, Gabi, Moore, Sally, Rose, Hannah, Standley, Tom, Page, Valerie, Bakonyi, Tomas, Ben-Nathan, Simon, Claridge, Melanie, Evans, Jackie, Gardiner, Harriet, Kantsedikas, Ilya, Lachana, Ann, Makker, Ratna, Markwell, Karen, Merrill, Colin, Mukerjee, Prasun, O'Donohoe, Lynn, Oglesby, Fiona, Osbourne, Laura, Parker, Beena, Passaro, Emelia, Russell, Katherine, Shah, Sneh, Sundayi, Saul, Walker, Elaine, Zhao, Xiao, Hosdurga, Guru, Cotterill, Donna, Crowther, Nicola, Dymond, Harvey, Ratcliffe-Law, Thomas, Saunders, Glenn, Saunders, Thomas, Gopal, Vijayakumar, Ahmed, Sajjad, Ali, Abdalla, Crawford, Sarah, De'Ath, Clare, Humphreys, Sally, Swanevelder, Carin, Yap, Yeng, Silk, Jane, Adeniba, Rashidat, Armstrong, Richard, Egole, Osi, Fan, Karen, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Gould, Laura, Hickman, John, Long, Fei, Pahary, Sheik, Reichman, Michelle, Simpson, Kathryn, Singaravelu, Suresh, Ahmed, Dabeeruddeen, Brailsford, Fiona, Bridge, Laura, Collis, Lauren, Jacob, Reni, Jones, Cathy, Kirrage, Amanda, Lowe, Jessica, Mullen, Joanne, Prenter, Andrew, Sarao, Sarbpreet, Sharpley, David, Wankhade, Kavita, Persad, Cindy, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Blyth, Kate, Corcoran, Felicity, Davis, Caroline, Dolan, Rachel, Hussain, Nageena, Pearson, Emma, Pierson, Anna, Poyntz, Victoria, Thrush, Jessica, Wollaston, Alex, Wollaston, Julie, Clements, Paul, Biswas, Arindam, Clayton, Sarah, Clayton, Thomas, Cochrane, Naomi, Duell, Kirsty, Evans, James, Gaskell, Mark, Heaton, Dianne, Heaton, Linzi, Hill, Claire, Killen, Ruth, Latham, Sandra, McIntosh, Gemma, Moore, Chris, Parkinson, Val, Pemberton, Nicola, Robinson, Matthew, Sawyer, Alastair, Sykes, Isabelle, Taylor, Tracey, Tierney, Caroline, van de Snepscheut-Jones, Katja, Wade, Emily, Wahid, Mohammed, Wang, Henry, Williams, Claire, Wu, Dominic, Yadagiri, Manjula, Zabauski, Dmitry, Troth, Laura, Andrews, Eleanor, Bains, Ranjit, Beard, Laura, Birch, Janine, Britton, Rachael, Salmon, Mike, Vassell, Elizabeth, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Allen, Jamie, Allison, Joanna, Baird, Andrew, Gregory, Rob, Luckhurst, Hannah, Mairs, Rebecca, Marshall, Ben, Pippard, Lucy, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Savva, Andrew, Walkden, Graham, Weegenaar, Celly, Chandler, Ben, Kanakaraj, Muthuraj, Chamberlain, Andy, Dyer, Simon, Elliott, Kerry, Forshaw, Greg, Furness, Rosie, Gibson, Andy, Howe, Laura, Kent, Sarah, Rodgers, Alicia, Straughan, Ben, Temlett, Emma, Whitwell, John, Wong, D.J.N., Harris, S.K., and Moonesinghe, S.R.

Published
2018
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12. The relationship between spiritual intelligence, resilience, and well-being in an Aotearoa New Zealand sample.

Author

O'Sullivan, Laura and Lindsay, Nicole

Subjects
*WELL-being, *STATISTICS, *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test, *SPIRITUALITY, *PSYCHOLOGY of college students, *ANALYSIS of variance, *ONE-way analysis of variance, *SURVEYS, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *INTELLECT, *QUALITY of life, *SCALE analysis (Psychology), *QUESTIONNAIRES, *MENTAL depression, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ANXIETY, *STATISTICAL correlation, *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress
Abstract

Existing research highlights adaptive applications of spiritual intelligence, specifically its relationship to positive well-being and quality of life. Limited studies have examined its applicability within secular Western contexts. Two-hundred and fourteen New Zealand university students completed a questionnaire measuring their spiritual intelligence, resilience, and several aspects of wellbeing. Results revealed that spiritual intelligence was significantly associated with increased resilience and reduced feelings of depression and stress, but not anxiety. However, the relationship between spiritual intelligence scores and combined depression, anxiety, and stress scores was fully mediated by resilience scores, suggesting that spiritual intelligence per se may not directly affect wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Management of the fractured maxillary tuberosity.

Author

O’Sullivan, Laura

Subjects
TRANSFORMING growth factors, PLATELET-derived growth factor, MOLARS, EPIDERMAL growth factor, THIRD molars, TOOTHACHE
Abstract

The article focuses on the risks and management of maxillary tuberosity fractures during upper molar extractions. Topics include the incidence of tuberosity fractures, the role of operator experience in preventing these fractures, and immediate management strategies such as stabilizing the fracture and pain management.

Published
2024

20. To investigate the effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on healing and quality of life following mandibular third molar removal

Author

O'Sullivan, Laura and Ni Riordain, Richeal

Subjects
Quality of life, Plasma rich in growth factors, Third molar, Wisdom teeth
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on clinician-reported and patient-reported outcomes following surgical removal of a unilateral impacted mandibular third molar. Materials and Methods: Ethical approval to conduct this prospective, double-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) was granted by the local Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Seventy-four patients requiring surgical removal of a single impacted mandibular third molar (M3M) under local anaesthesia were recruited to participate. A blood sample was obtained immediately pre-operatively (T0) for all participants irrespective of study arm allocation, and PRGF prepared according to the product protocol. Patients allocated to the treatment arm received PRGF clot in the third molar socket after tooth removal. All patients received a telephone call 3 days postoperatively (T1), and were asked to return to the clinic for review 7 days postoperatively (T2). Primary outcome measures were NRS (numeric rating scale) pain score, OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile-14) and PoSSe (Postoperative Symptom Severity) scale data. Secondary outcome measures such as mouth opening (MIO), dry socket, socket healing and analgesia consumption were also explored. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS® 25.0 software and Stata® 15.1. ANCOVA was used for analysis of NRS, OHIP-14 and PoSSe total scores and MIO outcomes. Categorical variables were analysed using the Chi square test. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.1years (range 19-39, SD 5.8) with females accounting for 77% of the study population. NRS scores were higher in the PRGF group at T1 (4.1±2.4) demonstrating borderline significance (p=0.06) with no significant difference at T2. No significant differences were observed in PoSSe subscales between groups overall, with the exception of the ‘interference with daily activities’ subscale at T1, with PRGF patients scoring on average 1.2units higher (p=0.02). OHIP-14 outcomes revealed patients in the PRGF group were 25% more likely to experience discomfort on eating at T1 (p=0.02) with no significant difference between groups at T2. Reduced MIO was observed at T2 in control (35.7±8.2) and PRGF groups (35.4±8.5), but was not significant (p=0.67). The incidence of dry socket was not significant between groups (p=0.3). Socket healing, graded using a modified Landry et al healing index, did not vary significantly between groups: control 4.0±1.2, PRGF 3.6±1.2, nor did analgesia consumption. Conclusion: The results of this study did not demonstrate any significant difference in clinical or quality of life outcomes in patients following adjunctive use of PRGF in mandibular third molar sockets.

Published
2021

21. Spiritual intelligence, resilience, and well-being among Aotearoa New Zealand university students : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand

Author

O'Sullivan, Laura Margaret and O'Sullivan, Laura Margaret

Abstract

Spiritual intelligence involves utilising the spiritual, nonmaterial, and transcendent aspects of existence to possess purpose in life and develop a higher degree of consciousness, compassion, and transcendental awareness. Existing research has highlighted the adaptive applications of spiritual intelligence, specifically its relationships with aspects of well-being. However, there is a general paucity of research in the area. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the relationships between spiritual intelligence and aspects of well-being–resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress–among Aotearoa New Zealand university students. Two hundred and fourteen university students enrolled in an Aotearoa New Zealand university completed an online questionnaire that measured their spiritual intelligence, resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress. The current study's findings suggest that spiritual intelligence facilitates reduced experiences of depression and stress and increased resilience. However, spiritual intelligence and anxiety were not statistically significantly associated in this study. Additionally, the relationship between spiritual intelligence scores and combined depression, anxiety, and stress scores were fully mediated by resilience scores. These findings have implications for both university students and the wider society of Aotearoa New Zealand. Given that the poor mental health of university students is detailed both on a global and national scale, an alternative approach to understanding and enhancing well-being is needed. Positing a more holistic approach to well-being allows for an alternative view of intelligence in a world that places much importance on an individual's IQ.

Published
2021

22. Pathology in Practice

Author

O'Sullivan, Laura E., primary, Kent, Marc, additional, Glass, Eric N., additional, Song, Rachel B., additional, Warren, Joshua D., additional, de Lahunta, Alexander, additional, and Miller, Andrew, additional

Published
2021
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23. Time-sequence of biomechanical adaption in trabecular tissue during estrogen deficiency

Author

O'Sullivan, Laura, McNamara, Laoise, Science Foundation Ireland, and European Regional Development Fund

Subjects
Micro-CT, Raman Spectroscopy, Engineering, Osteoporosis, Science and Engineering, Bone Mechanics, Ovariectomised rat, Biomedical engineering, Estrogen Deficiency, Nanoindentation
Abstract

Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disorder, which primarily affects postmenopausal women and with 200 million female patients world-wide represents the second most significant health threat in women after breast cancer. The disease is characterised by severe bone loss and degradation of the microarchitecture of bone, resulting in reduced mechanical integrity of the bone and an increased risk of fracture. Current anti-resorptive therapies for osteoporosis mainly target prevention of bone loss, yet these only reduce fracture risk by 50%. More recently, the focus for osteoporosis treatment strategies has shifted towards developing anabolic therapies, which aim to stimulate new bone formation and increase osteocyte activity. Neutralising antibodies to sclerostin (Scl-Ab) increase osteoblast bone formation activity by inhibiting sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation. Studies of Scl-Ab therapy have demonstrated positive effects on bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) in ovariectomised animal models and recent research has indicated the benefit of extended dosing intervals in prolonging the positive bone forming effects of Scl-Ab therapy. However, the potential of Scl-Ab therapy in preventing alterations to bone mineral distribution during estrogen deficiency is not fully understood. Extensive research has demonstrated that the mechanical properties of bone are highly dependent on bone mass, microarchitecture and tissue composition. In particular, it is well understood that trabecular bone is subject to dramatic bone loss during estrogen deficiency. Interestingly, recent research has revealed that osteoporosis is not simply a disease of bone loss and microarchitectural degradation, but that tissue composition is also altered. The organic collagen matrix of bone tissue serves as a scaffold for bone mineralisation and contributes to tensile strength, elasticity and toughness of bone. It has been reported that during osteoporosis the amount of collagen type I found in bone tissue is decreased while collagen synthesis is increased, which may suggest alterations in the quality of the organic matrix. However, the spatial and temporal nature of changes to bone matrix composition, relative to bone loss, and their implication on the mechanical properties of the bone are not yet fully understood. The ovariectomised rat model provides an effective model of post-menopausal osteoporosis, which allows for the study of extensive periods of estrogen deficiency over relatively short periods of time. The first study of this thesis conducted longitudinal in vivo micro-CT analysis (15µm resolution), to assess changes in trabecular microarchitecture and bone mineral density distribution in the proximal tibia of an estrogen deficient female rat at specific time points (weekly in the first four weeks, week 8, 14 and 34 after ovariectomy). This study found that although trabecular bone volume and architecture are significantly deteriorated within the first four weeks of estrogen deficiency, there is no change in the distribution of trabecular mineral content during this initial period. The rate of bone loss in OVX animals dramatically reduced between weeks 4 and 14 and reached a homeostasis thereafter up to 34 weeks, which coincided with the initiation of increased bone mineral density, altered mineral distribution and trabecular thickening. On the basis of these results, it was proposed that altered loading conditions, arising in the depleted trabecular structure after bone loss, provoke a secondary mineralisation response and new bone formation at trabecular surfaces in long term estrogen deficiency, in order to reinforce the remaining trabecular structure. The second study of this thesis involved a temporal and spatial examination of OVX-induced changes to trabecular microarchitecture, tissue matrix composition and tissue-level mechanical properties. Four distinct sub-regions of the proximal tibial metaphysis were analysed by high resolution ex-vivo micro-CT (3µm resolution), while individual trabeculae from three of the sub-regions were analysed by Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation. The results of this study revealed that bone loss within the first four weeks of estrogen deficiency is ubiquitous across the proximal tibia but no change to tissue mineralisation or collagen maturity occur during this time. After 14 weeks of estrogen deficiency, region-specific increases in mineral-to-matrix heterogeneity and heterogeneity of collagen maturity were observed. Finally, nanoindentation revealed a region-specific decrease in tissue elastic modulus and hardness after 14 weeks of estrogen deficiency. Based on these findings, it was proposed that in the initial phase of bone loss expendable trabeculae are removed. Furthermore, the results suggest that when bone loss reaches a plateau, new bone formation and mineralisation occur at specific trabecular regions in response to altered loading conditions. This results in a highly heterogeneous matrix composition, across individual trabeculae and distinct trabecular regions, which may contribute to diminished mechanical integrity of the trabecular structure in long term estrogen deficiency. The current FDA approved treatment regimen for Romosozumab, the human antibody to sclerostin, is two subcutaneous injections of 210 mg once per month. This frequency of treatment might not be favourable for patients compared to alternative osteoporotic injected drug therapies, such as Denosumab, which is administered once every 6 months, thus lower frequency treatment should be studied. However, the effect of low doses of Scl-Ab therapy, with extended dosing intervals has not been investigated. Furthermore, localised delivery of Scl-Ab with a biomaterial scaffold could be used to prevent the site-specific alteration of bone mineral distribution that has previously been reported, but this has never been investigated. Therefore, the final study of this thesis sought to assess the effectiveness of monthly systemic delivery of 2 mg/kg of Scl-Ab therapy or localised delivery of 0.5 mg of Scl-Ab via gelatin-nHA scaffold in preventing adverse changes in trabecular microarchitecture and tissue mineralisation in the proximal tibia of an estrogen deficient rat model. Longitudinal in vivo micro-CT was conducted on ovariectomised and Scl-Ab treated animals from monthly low-dose systemic and localised delivery animals at week 4, 8 and 14 of estrogen deficiency. The findings of this study indicate that, in OVX rats, neither monthly systemic delivery of 2 mg/kg of Scl-Ab nor localised delivery of 0.5 mg of Scl-Ab, were effective in preventing changes in trabecular architecture or mineralisation over 11 weeks compared to untreated age-matched OVX animals. Together, these studies provide an advanced understanding of the time sequence and spatial variation of changes to trabecular microarchitecture, tissue composition and tissue-level mechanical properties in the estrogen deficient rat model. Using longitudinal in vivo microCT analysis, the sequence of changes in trabecular microarchitecture and tissue mineralisation were elucidated during long term estrogen deficiency. Additionally, spectroscopic methods and nanoindentation revealed the temporal effects of estrogen deficiency on the organic matrix and the implications of changes to bone composition on tissue-level mechanical properties. Collectively, the research presented in this thesis provides an important, but previously unrecognised, insight into the longitudinal changes in trabecular microarchitecture, tissue composition, tissue-level mechanical properties and response to Scl-Ab treatment which occur during estrogen deficiency. The information gained from this work may inform future mechanobiological treatments for osteoporosis.

Published
2020

34. Antimicrobial resistance: a one health challenge that calls for a focus on students.

Author

O'Sullivan, Laura, Innes, Gabriel K., and Davis, Meghan F.

Subjects
*DRUG resistance in microorganisms, *MEDICAL personnel, *HUMAN behavior, *VETERINARY colleges, *STUDENTS, *ANIMAL health
Abstract

The article focuses on American Veterinary Medical Association Virtual Convention 2020 will focus on continuing education opportunities to improve antimicrobial resistance (AMR) knowledge and antimicrobial stewardship practices among veterinarians. Topics include continuing education can contribute to improving stewardship efforts, and the ability to ingrain good stewardship behaviors prior to graduation and before students develop their own prescribing habits.

Published
2020

36. Narrowed Palpebral Fissure in a Dog.

Author

de Lahunta, Alexander, O'Sullivan, Laura, Glass, Eric N., and Kent, Marc

Subjects
BLINKING (Physiology), STRABISMUS, GERMAN shepherd dog
Abstract

The article presents a case study of a 8-year-old neutered male German shepherd dog who was unable to blink his right eye and persistently kept squinting which revealed the presence of a narrowed palpebral fissure.

Published
2016

37. A series of IncQ-based reporter plasmids for use in a range of Gram negative genera.

Author

O'Sullivan LE, Nickerson CA, and Wilson JW

Subjects
Genetic Vectors genetics, Genetic Vectors metabolism, Gram-Negative Bacteria metabolism, Plasmids metabolism, Promoter Regions, Genetic, beta-Galactosidase genetics, beta-Galactosidase metabolism, Gene Expression, Genes, Reporter, Gram-Negative Bacteria genetics, Plasmids genetics, Replicon
Abstract

Many studies require expression analysis of the same gene/promoter across a range of bacterial genera. However, there is currently a lack of availability of reporters based on the broad host range IncQ replicon, which is compatible with a popular improved IncP transfer system that is self-transfer defective. We report IncQ lacZ reporter plasmids with features including: (1) compatibility with IncP, IncW, and pBHR/pBBR replicons, (2) a variety of antibiotic markers (Sp-r, Sm-r, Km-r, Cm-r), (3) convenient mobilization via a novel self-transfer-defective IncP conjugation system, and (4) complete DNA sequences. Utility is demonstrated using three different promoters in different Gram negative genera.

Published
2010

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