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This study aims to identify and analyze the forms and potential of social capital possessed by sociology teachers in Boyolali Regency and Surakarta City. It also seeks to explore the actors and institutions involved in developing teachers’ social capital and examines how sociology teachers utilize and enhance their social capital for professional development. Data were collected through interviews and document studies using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings reveal that sociology teachers in Surakarta City have diverse perspectives on sustainable professional development. However, they agree that it must be continuously nurtured and advanced. Regarding social networks, a key component of social capital, teachers have leveraged existing networks such as Subject Teacher Deliberations at city/regency and provincial levels. Additionally, some teachers have sought alternative networks, including international NGOs and writing communities, to support their professional growth. The study highlights the need for teachers to embrace alternative networks beyond traditional ones to expand their social capital and sustain their professional development effectively.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Family Resilience Motivator Program (Motekar) in addressing the high rates of divorce in West Java Province, primarily driven by ongoing disputes and forced marriages. Instituted by Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2014, this program endeavors to enhance family resilience through community empowerment and social interventions. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative methodology, this research investigates the impact of the Motekar facilitators in Banjar City. The findings suggest that although the program holds promise in mitigating family conflicts and reducing divorce rates, it faces significant challenges, including insufficient numbers of facilitators and limited resources. Therefore, this study recommends an increase in human and financial resources, as well as strengthened collaborations among stakeholders, to bolster the program's implementation and achieve sustainable family stability. The research highlights the crucial role of community-based interventions in promoting family resilience amid complex social challenges. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas Program Motivator Ketahanan Keluarga (Motekar) dalam mengatasi tingginya angka perceraian di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 9 Tahun 2014, program ini mengusahakan peningkatan ketahanan keluarga melalui pemberdayaan komunitas dan intervensi sosial. Metode kualitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggali lebih dalam efektivitas kader Motekar di Kota Banjar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun program tersebut menjanjikan dalam mengurangi konflik keluarga dan perceraian, ada hambatan signifikan yang ditemui, termasuk kekurangan jumlah kader dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan peningkatan sumber daya manusia dan dana operasional, serta penguatan kerja sama antar stakeholder untuk memperkuat implementasi program dan mencapai stabilitas keluarga yang berkelanjutan. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya peran intervensi berbasis komunitas dalam mempromosikan ketahanan keluarga di tengah tantangan sosial yang kompleks.

This study aims to explore HOTS (Higher Order Thingking Skill) in Class VIII Arabic Textbooks. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods with document analysis techniques (content analysis). The document analyzed in this study is a Class VIII MTs Arabic textbook published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in 2020. This study concludes that HOTS problems are more complex, require deeper thinking, and often require the application of concepts in new or complex contexts. Of the 16 question commands on Tadrib Maharah Qiraah contained in 6 dars in the MTs Class VIII Arabic textbook, it was found that only 6 question commands included the cognitive level at the HOTS level with 3 categories of question commands, namely determining paragraph titles, answering questions based on text and making sentences based on images.

Forest and land fires in Riau are natural disasters that always repeat every time they enter the dry season. The solution of this research is to apply the leading technology of cloud computing internet of things (CC-IoT) to find out more quickly the existence of forest or land fires. This study uses Particle Argon (Photon) to connect to the internet and several IR Fire Detector sensors, DHT22 MQ2 and GPS Neo 6m. Particle Argon can receive input and perform processing so that it is connected using the CC-IoT concept to a web server so the users can monitor land conditions in real time. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that a fire detector using fire parameters (2000 = Normal and 2000 = Danger) , temperature (≤37 = Normal, 38 – 45 = Alert, and 46 = Danger), humidity (≤50 = Dry, 51 = Humid) , smoke (≤ 1700 = Normal, 1700 = Danger), and soil moisture can work well ( 3500 = Dry Moisture Content, 1500 to 3500 = Medium Moisture Content, and 1500 = High Moisture Content). The fire detection tool developed can detect fires in real time and also has a fire early detection function that is useful for anticipating land conditions to prevent fires. The results obtained from the test are that the sensor can read indications of fire, smoke, soil moisture with a success rate of 93% and send location data and sensor values to the website. The use of sensors has their respective roles so that if there is a problem with one of the sensors, the tool has an alternative sensor and can continue to function.

This article examines how inclusiveness is implemented for People with Disabilities (PWDs) in social health insurance programs in Southeast Asia by focusing on the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia, the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in the Philippines, and Social Health Insurance (SHI) in Vietnam. The concept of inclusive social insurance for PWDs is used as an analytical tool to explore inclusivity criteria, such as target specifications, service benefits, multi-stakeholder involvement, service functions, and the program's impact. Drawing on the qualitative systematic review method, which refers to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), PRISMA Protocols 2015, and evidence-based guidelines, this article analyzes 25 selected pieces of literature. The results of the study show that: First, there are no special schemes and mechanisms in those programs that target PWDs directly and specifically. Second, those programs have not been able to meet the specific health needs of PWDs. Third, the implementation of those programs has involved three stakeholder actors: the state, the private sector, and NGOs. Fourth, those programs have not shown a significant impact on improving the health quality of PWDs. Finally, it can be concluded that the three programs are not yet truly inclusive in covering PWDs in social health insurance programs.

This study aims to work on an ASP (Arabic for Specific Purposes) model designed by Arabic-speaking tour guides. As the background, the increase in the number of tourists coming from the Middle East from year to year shows that Indonesian tourism is in high demand, but it seems that the tourism industry in Indonesia does not expect the number of tourists coming from the Middle East to increase because both the government and the private sector are doing more promotion. Arabic language teaching especially in the realm of tourism becomes the center of this study. This research uses a qualitative approach, and the data collection techniques subsume interviews, observations, and documentation from the implementation of ASP training in Jogjakarta. This study has found that the ASP Model for tourism is student-centered learning with practical-based learning strategies considering needs analysis and prior information. ASP model is prepared for students at an advanced level. Students are also familiar with the basics of tourist guidance and interpretation skills in tourism. The foregoing is underlined by a notion that the teaching of ASP for tourism is inseparable from fluency of speech and comfortable statements.

The development of online businesses and the rapid use of E-Commerce has greatly affected the delivery of goods in Indonesia. Indonesian people currently entrust their goods to be sent through various expeditions that have been widely found. However, in the process of delivering goods, there are certainly some considerable obstacles such as delays in delivery, wrong delivery address, damaged or lost goods, and others that can make consumers' trust or attitude towards delivery services decrease. Therefore, Shopee began to establish its own logistics service that has been integrated with its services. This logistics service owned by Shopee is named Shopee Xpress which appeared in 2019. With its own logistics service, delivery will be more guaranteed because it is easy to be supervised by Shopee. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction as an intervening variable at the Shopee Xpress expedition. The population in this study were users of Shopee Xpress expedition services ranging in age from 15 to 54 years who were in the Surabaya City area, East Java. The questionnaire was distributed to people in the city of Surabaya, East Java who had made more than one use of the Shopee Xpress expedition service. A sample of 100 respondents was taken using purposive sampling technique. This study uses multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that Service Quality has a significant positive effect on Customer Satisfaction. Likewise, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. The results of path analysis provide empirical evidence that the Customer Satisfaction variable acts as a partial mediating variable in bridging the effect of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty.

This study aims to illustrate the empowerment of household women through Women Farmers Groups (Kelompok Wanita Tani, KWT) in Sukoharjo District, particularly in Kampung Ngromo. Employing qualitative methods, the study seeks to understand how KWT acts as an instrument for enhancing women's welfare and social roles. Through observation, interviews, and thematic data analysis, this study found that KWT contributes not only to the economic sector through agricultural activities and product processing but also strengthens its members' social networks and self-confidence. KWT Hesti Makarti and Kumalasari in Sukoharjo District, emerging from community initiatives, focus on improving family economics and environmental sustainability. Their involvement in various trainings and local competitions demonstrates increased competence and environmental awareness. However, the study also finds that while KWT aids in social and economic aspects, there are limitations in fully implementing the concept of women's empowerment. Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang pemberdayaan perempuan Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT) melalui Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) di Kecamatan Sukoharjo, khususnya Kampung Ngromo. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk memahami bagaimana KWT menjadi instrumen untuk peningkatan kesejahteraan dan peran sosial perempuan. Melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis data tematik, hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa KWT tidak hanya menghasilkan kontribusi ekonomi melalui kegiatan pertanian dan pengolahan produk, tetapi juga memperkuat jaringan sosial dan kepercayaan diri para anggotanya. KWT Hesti Makarti dan Kumalasari di Kecamatan Sukoharjo muncul dari inisiatif komunal, berfokus pada peningkatan ekonomi keluarga dan kelestarian lingkungan. Keterlibatan mereka dalam berbagai pelatihan dan lomba tingkat daerah menunjukkan peningkatan kompetensi dan kesadaran lingkungan. Namun, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa meskipun KWT berkontribusi dalam aspek sosial dan ekonomi, masih terdapat keterbatasan dalam menerapkan konsep pemberdayaan perempuan secara menyeluruh.

Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis, also known as Binahong (B), is an Indonesian plant used to treat diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the best extragent for preparing Binahong extract as an antidiabetic agent using different concentrations of ethanol (50%, 70%, and 96%), labelled as BE50%, BE70%, and BE96%. An alpha-glucosidase inhibiting assay was used to assess the activity. The most active extract was tested in vivo assay using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-high feed diet (alloxan-HFD)-induced diabetes in rats, with glucose level and beta cell Langerhans repair as parameters. A molecular assay was also performed to look into the expression of homeostasis regulator genes on 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The results showed that 96% ethanol extract (BE96%) inhibited alpha-glucosidase the most effectively (IC50 119.78± 11.14 μg/mL). The in vivo assay revealed that the treatment BE96% at 250 mg/kg BW for 21 consecutive days significantly reduced plasma glucose levels in Type 2 DM rats compared to the control group (p ≤ .05) with improved of Langerhans beta cells. BE96% also significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels. At the cellular level, Oil-Red-O staining revealed that differentiated adipocytes treated with BE96% had the highest lipid absorbance (p ≤ .05), compared to the control. BE96% significantly increased the expression of Glucose Transporter Isoform 4 (GLUT4) at the molecular level. It could be concluded that BE96% exhibited the best antidiabetic properties.

The social and cultural characteristics of residents in Rusunawa are influenced by changes in social and economic conditions. This research aims to identify the factors causing differences and similarities in the social and cultural characteristics of the residents in Rusunawa Begalon I, Surakarta, while exploring various aspects of their social and cultural characteristics. This study adopts a qualitative approach, specifically a descriptive case study design. Emile Durkheim's theory of Social Solidarity serves as the fundamental analysis framework. The research findings indicate that the solidarity among the residents of Rusunawa Begalon I is of a mechanical nature. The distinguishing feature of the residents is their high sense of familial bond and spirit of mutual cooperation, which are not commonly found elsewhere. The interwoven solidarity among them encapsulates unique social and cultural characteristics not found in other locations. This solidarity is triggered by their longstanding cohabitation and shared backgrounds. Abstrak Karakteristik sosial budaya warga Rusunawa dipengaruhi oleh perubahan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab perbedaan dan persamaan dalam karakteristik sosial budaya warga Rusunawa Begalon I di Surakarta, serta menggali berbagai aspek karakteristik sosial budaya yang dimiliki oleh warga Rusunawa Begalon I. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus yang bersifat deskriptif. Teori Solidaritas Sosial karya Emile Durkheim menjadi dasar analisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa solidaritas antar warga Rusunawa Begalon I bersifat mekanik. Warga Rusunawa Begalon I memiliki ciri khas yang tidak ditemukan di tempat lain, yakni tingginya rasa kekeluargaan dan semangat gotong royong. Solidaritas yang terjalin di antara mereka mengandung karakteristik sosial budaya yang unik, tidak ada di tempat lain. Solidaritas ini dipicu oleh lamanya mereka hidup bersama dan latar belakang yang serupa.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional income from the tax and retribution sector. This research was conducted on 34 provincial governments in Indonesia. The type of quantitative data is the realization of regional taxes and retribution for the 2019 and 2020 fiscal years. Furthermore, the data are analyzed using descriptive and quantitative techniques. The results of the descriptive analysis show that during the COVID-19 pandemic there was a decrease in regional income from regional taxes and retribution, which almost occurred in all provinces in Indonesia. Similarly, the results of the analysis of the different test, paired samples t test also inform the occurrence of differences in income obtained from regional taxes and retribution before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In other words, the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on regional income from the regional tax and the retribution sector in Indonesia. This information is useful for policy makers in making decisions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional income from the regional tax and retribution sector.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang strategi yang ditempuh petani urban di tengah keterbatasan lahan di Kota Cilacap. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Jumlah informan sebanyak 9 orang yang berprofesi sebagai petani urban. Peneliti memilih petani urban karena memiliki perkembangan dalam produktivitas pertanian lebih modern. Analisis yang digunakan model taksonomi milik Spradley. Data domain penelitian diidentifikasi, telusuri, dianalisis, kemudian membangun taksonomi tentative. Pertanyaan struktural digunakan untuk memverifikasi hubungan taksonomi dengan melakukan wawancara tambahan. Peneliti menemukan bahwa petani urban mengalami hambatan baik dari lahan, iklim, modal, dan pengetahuan tetapi masih melakukan produktivitas dengan mengandalkan strategi untuk menghasilkan keuntungan serta kemajuan pertanian. Aktor memiliki peranan penting dalam mempertimbangan pilihan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu serta memaksimalkan sumber daya yang dimiliki. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa petani urban tidak hanya bertindak untuk bertahan, tetapi melakukan tindakan pembaharuan untuk keberlanjutan pertanian di wilayah perkotaan.

This research aims at analyzing changes on the welfare level and consumption patterns among Jenitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus) farmers in Pujotirto, Karangsambung, Kebumen regency of Centra Java- Indonesia. Using mix-method, this research combined quantitative method and that of qualitative. Quantitative data was collected by a survey involving 20 respondents which were selected purposively. Qualitative data was collected by a series of in-depth interviews with farmers and traders of jenitri. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively. Interview data was transcripted and analyzed by using domain analysis technique. The research resulted in following conclusions: (1) the cultivation of jenitri has brought about significant changes in farmers’ welfare; (2) the raised welfare level affects the pattern of household’s consumption; (3) prior to cultivating jenitri, farmers’ household tend to be subsistence-oriented; (4) now that they cultivate jenitri, they are driven to meet secondary and tertiary needs, such as motorcycles and jewelries.

Hyperglycaemia is one condition related to inflammation leading to insulin signalling impairment. This study was conducted to investigate the insulin sensitivity improvement of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.)) Nees extract in insulin resistance-induced HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells by stimulating insulin sensitivities and inhibiting inflammatory response. Sambiloto extract at 2 µg/mL revealed glucose uptake stimulation and up-regulating GLUT-2 and IRS-1 gene expression, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 gene expression in IR-HepG2 cells. Phytochemical analysis showed that the total phenolic level and andrografolide content of Sambiloto extract were 2.91 ± 0.04% and 1.95%, respectively. This result indicated that Sambiloto extract ameliorated insulin resistance in high glucose-induced IR-HepG2 cells via modulating the IRS-1/GLUT-2 pathway due to IL-6 inhibition. These findings suggested that Sambiloto extract had potency as an anti-inflammatory and insulin-resistance improvement in IR-HepG2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship of the variables in a study is the influence or relationship of these variables. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and competence on job satisfaction, compensation on job satisfaction, and competence on job satisfaction. The independent variables are compensation and competence. The dependent variable is job satisfaction. The research was carried out at the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Office of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, for approximately 2 (two) months, from May to July 2021. The population of this study was all employees who worked at the BPS Office, which was calculated for 82 people. The sampling technique was total sampling which involved all BPS employees. The type of data is primary data collected through a questionnaire. The results obtained that compensation and competence positively affect job satisfaction, compensation has a significant effect on job satisfaction, and competence has a positive but not significant effect on job satisfaction. Compensation and work competence at the Central Bureau of Statistics affects employee job satisfaction. That shows that compensation and competence are essential in employee job satisfaction. High job satisfaction can result in the company's performance going well.

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the formulation of the development of digital Arabic teaching materials by including learning targets that are in line with the formation of active learning abilities. This study used a qualitative approach with data related to information about the pattern of developing website-based digital teaching materials. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation studies. As for the data analysis done by collecting, condensing, displaying data and concluding. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the development of digital teaching materials on UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim completed adequate audio-visual-based applications integrated with the teaching materials and applied by new students through distance learning and used to develope their language skills through a constructivist learning approach that is integrated into the textbook.

Perangkat embedded system pada masa sekarang memiliki banyak pilihan terhadap jenis mikrokontroler yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi pengguna ketika diharuskan untuk memilih salah satu jenis mikrokontroler tersebut. Sebagai contoh permasalahan apakah mikrokontroler yang telah dipilih tersebut memiliki sejumlah pin GPIO yang diinginkan, dengan frekuensi switching yang tinggi, berapakah jumlah kanal, resolusi, linieritas dan durasi konversi ADC, bagaimana kemampuan peripheral internal DAC, Timer dan PWM yang bisa dibangkitkan dari mikrokontroler tersebut. Penelitian ini telah membandingkan setidaknya 4 peripheral internal utama yang dimiliki oleh 3 jenis mikrokontroler. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan menguji karakteristik GPIO, PWM, TIMER dan ADC pada 3 jenis mikrokontroler yaitu Arduino ATMega328, STM32F103C8 dan ESP32. Eksperiment dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi frekuensi switching digital ouput, mengevaluasi resolusi sinyal hasil konversi ADC, mengevaluasi ketepatan hasil instruksi delay berkaitan dengan timer program dan waktu konversi sinyal DAC semuanya dilakukan pada masing-masing mikrokontroler. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, mikrokontroler ESP32 memiliki unjuk kerja GPIO, PWM, TIMER dan ADC terbaik apabila dibandingkan dengan jenis lainnya. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan integrasi FreeRTOS pada Framework Arduino bisa berfungsi dengan optimal meskipun mikrokontroler berjalan pada 2 task yang berbeda di 2 core CPU yang bekerja secara pararel. Frekuensi switching digital output pada ESP32 mampu mencapai 3MHz, waktu konversi ADC hanya 5,7us dan DAC hanya 3,7us. Today's embedded systems have many choices for the type of microcontroller that suits the needs. This is a challenge in itself for users when required to choose one type of microcontroller. For example, the problem of whether the selected microcontroller has the desired number of GPIO pins, with a high switching frequency, what is the number of channels, resolution, linearity, and duration of the ADC conversion, what is the ability of the internal DAC, Timer and PWM peripherals that can be generated from the microcontroller. This study has compared at least 4 main internal peripherals owned by 3 types of microcontrollers. The method used is to test the characteristics of the GPIO, PWM, TIMER, and ADC on 3 types of microcontrollers, namely Arduino ATMega328, STM32F103C8, and ESP32. The experiment was carried out by evaluating the digital output switching frequency, evaluating the signal resolution of the ADC conversion result, evaluating the accuracy of the delay instruction results related to the program timer and DAC signal conversion time, all of which were carried out on each microcontroller. The final results of this study indicate that the ESP32 microcontroller has the best GPIO, PWM, TIMER, and ADC performance when compared to other types. This research also proves that the FreeRTOS integration on the Arduino Framework can function optimally even though the microcontroller runs on 2 different tasks on 2 CPU cores that work in parallel. The digital output switching frequency on the ESP32 is capable of reaching 3MHz, the ADC conversion time is only 5.7us and the DAC is the only 3.7us.

This study aims to understand and explain efforts to prevent child marriage in Surakarta city in the study of population sociology. The areas sampled were five “Kampong KB” (Family Planning Villages) spread over five subdistricts in the city of Surakarta. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 informants and structured interviews with 48 informants, consisting of Family Planning Instructors (PKB), Regional Family Planning Assistants (PPKBD), parents, teenagers and government officials. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, namely data reduction or the selection process, simplification, abstraction and transformation of raw data, then data presentation. Conclusions and verification are carried out continuously during the study. The results showed that in the effort to prevent the practice of child marriage in Surakarta city, there were several strategies implemented by various parties, namely Family Planning Instructors (PKB), Regional Family Planning Assistants (PPKBD) and government officials, so as to form a patterns of social interaction and evolutionary processes, also known as symbolic interactionism. The strategies that are carried out include taking a cultural approach, synergy of Activity Groups, enthusiasm for achievement, building interventions, commitment and consistency in running programs, maximizing the use of social media and orderly administration. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menjelaskan upaya pencegahan pernikahan usia anak di Kota Surakarta dalam kajian ilmu sosiologi kependudukan. Wilayah yang dijadikan sampel adalah lima Kampung KB (Kampung Keluarga Berencana) yang tersebar di lima Kecamatan di Kota Surakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 16 informan dan wawancara terstruktur dengan 48 informan, yang terdiri dari Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB), Pembantu Pembina Keluarga Berencana Daerah (PPKBD), orangtua, remaja dan aparatur pemerintah. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, yakni reduksi data atau proses pemilihan, penyederhanaan, abstraksi dan transformasi data mentah, kemudian penyajian data. Penarikan kesimpulan serta verifikasi data dilakukan terus menerus selama penelitian berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam upaya pencegahan pernikahan usia anak di Kota Surakarta terdapat beberapa strategi yang dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak, yakni Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB), Pembantu Pembina Keluarga Berencana Daerah (PPKBD) dan aparatur pemerintah, sehingga terbentuk suatu pola interaksi sosial dan proses evolusioner atau yang dikenal dengan interaksionisme simbolik. Adapun strategi yang dilakukan diantaranya, melakukan pendekatan budaya, sinergisitas Kelompok Kegiatan (PokTan), semangat berprestasi, membangun intervensi, komitmen dan konsistensi menjalankan program, memaksimalkan penggunaan media sosial dan tertib administrasi.

Kesandingan, one of the rituals in Probolinggo, East Java, is a cultural phenomenon that mingles with religious elements of society. It is something sacred and mystical that parents do when a toddler (an infant under three years old) experiences heat illness for days, tends to be fussy, cries a lot, and cannot sleep at night. This research aims to explain the process of symbolic communication of kesandingan ritual and to understand the symbolic meaning behind the ritual. It is a descriptive-qualitative study through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis uses a qualitative-naturalistic technique. The result demonstrates that the symbolic communication process of kesandingan ritual in Mentor, Sumberasih, Probolinggo, comprises seven series: burning incense, wiping incense smoke on the child's face, giving the child holy water to drink, wiping the child with floral water, preparing food, making a wish on the child's bed, and distributing food. Meanwhile, the symbolic meaning of kesandingan ritual refers to divine, social and personal dimensions. Ritual kesandingan merupakan salah satu ritual masyarakat Probolinggo Jawa Timur yang sudah menjadi fenomena budaya yang berbaur dengan unsur religi masyarakat. Ritual kesandingan merupakan sesuatu yang sakral dan mistis yang dilakukan orang tua saat anak batita (bawah tiga tahun) mengalami sakit panas berhari-hari, rewel, kerap menangis dan tidak bisa tidur terutama malam hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan proses komunikasi simbolik ritual kesandingan dan memahami makna simbolik dibalik ritual tersebuat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif, pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan teknik analisa data kualitatif-naturalistik. Sebagai hasilnya, diketahui bahwa proses komunikasi simbolik ritual kesandingan di desa Mentor Kecamatan Sumberasih Kabupaten Probolinggo meliputi tujuh rangkaian yaitu: membakar kemenyan, mengusap asap kemenyan ke wajah anak, memberi minuman kepada anak dengan air doa, mengusap wajah anak dengan air bunga, menyiapkan makanan, memanjatkan doa ditempat tidur anak, dan membagikan makanan. Sedangkan makna simbolik ritual kesandingan mencakup tiga dimensi, yaitu: dimensi ketuhanan, sosial, dan personal.

Formal Education Institutions that directly print productive age cadres are vocational madrasahs (MAK) and vocational high schools (SMK). The history and origins of MAK and SMK, that MAK is more oriented to religious education based on skills or skills as a means of living in the world. Whereas Vocational Schools almost certainly emphasize skills and skills. The contents of MAK's subjects are 70% religious subjects, 70% vocational subjects. Of the two MAK and SMK alumni who tend to study Islamic economics or courses in Islamic economics majors is MAK. Then MAK and SMK, if viewed from Islamic economic principles that are more directed at strengthening religious teachings, so that they can be practiced and applied in the world of work, according to the author MAK is more relevant and more profitable, both in the world and the hereafter. Especially if it is weighed by the theory of Islamic education and education philosophy that is oriented towards noble character and morality, the educational goals of Islamic economic perceptive MAK are closer to perfect compared to SMK

Duties and responsibilities of teachers are not limited in society, even teachers included in this case are essentially strategic components that have an important role and responsibility in determining the progress of the nation's life and become the foundation of expectations of children's parents to make their children good children (anaks haleh) who know how to carry out their religious obligations and have a noble character (akhlak al-karimah). This study aims to determine; What are the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Hasan Langgulung's Thought ?. What are the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Buya Hamka's Thought ?. What is the relevance of Hasan Langgulung and Buya Hamka's thoughts on the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education ?. This research is a library research that uses various sources of literature as a source of research data. Primary data sources are the book Hamka Institution of Life and Budi and Hasan Langgulung Man and Education, An Analysis of Psychology, Philosophy and Education. While secondary data sources in research are books, articles, magazines, newspapers, or other sources, which are then drawn from these data. Based on the results of the processed data, it can be seen that the responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Buya Hamka's thinking based on the explanation above, then the responsibility of educators namely educating: a). Faith Education; b). Moral education (morals); c). Physical education (physical and spiritual); d). Community social education; e). Intellectual education. While the Responsibility of Teachers in Islamic Education according to Hasan Langgulung's Thought covers at least 7 things, namely: a). Religious education which includes religious education, aqeedah and worship; b). Moral education (morals); c). Physical education which includes physical education and health; d). Psychological education consisting of psychiatric education and feelings; e). Community social education; f). Intellectual education. The relevance of the thoughts of Buya Hamka and Hasan Langgulung about the Responsibilities of Teachers in Islamic Education can be seen that Education basically revolves around science, charity, morals, and justice. All three are concepts that must be interconnected in the education process. Education for humans is not only to fulfill internal interests as dynamic creatures, but also external interests, namely the orderly and harmonious organization of human civilization.

This research aims to explain the causal relationship between research variables. In this study, the variables observed were work commitment, work motivation, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Related to the research objective, the type of research is explanatory or causality research. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The population of this study involved all employees at PT. Bank Sulselbar in Makassar City amounted to 120 people who later became the research sample. Data analysis or data interpretation was carried out through descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that work commitment and work motivation directly affected job satisfaction or indirectly affected job satisfaction through employee performance. Employees with high work commitment desire to achieve organizational goals, always think positively about the organization, and give their best efforts for the organization.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang; (1) hubungan antara produksi sub sektor kriya dengan naiknya kelas sosial pemuda; (2) cara-cara yang ditempuh oleh pengrajin untuk mengatasi persoalan terkait dengan produksi kriya kulit. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Jumlah informan sebanyak 8 orang pengrajin kerajinan kulit di Surakarta. Peneliti memilih kerajinan kulit Kota Surakarta karena sarat akan nilai budaya yang dimiliki oleh produsen. Kemudian, data divalidasi menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis interaktif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori praktik terutama pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Penelitian ini menemukan bagaimana strategi dan pertarungan antar agen, proses produksi makna hingga analisis terkait logika kapital dan kelas sosial. Arena produksi kultural seni kriya kulit di Surakarta dalam tren ekonomi kreatif terbentuk dari struktur arena yang terdapat posisi-posisi para agen yang membentuk produk budaya. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan pembahuruan dari teori Bourdieu tentang konsep fashion yang lebih komprehensif terhadap situasi saat ini.

The purpose of this study is to determine parenting as applied by parents in Kelurahan Rawang Empat and to what extent parents' understanding of the relationship between parenting and children's learning discipline, as well as the causes of parenting. This research uses descriptive method with correlational research analysis techniques. Based on the analysis conducted showed that in the Rawang Empat sub-district Bandar Petalangan sub-district Pelalawan District parenting patterns in primary school children with an average value of 27.43 included in the category of "good enough" which is in the interval 25-28. While the level of discipline of elementary school children with an average value of 23.13 is included in the category of "sufficient discipline" that is at intervals of 21-23. By using product moment correlation analysis the results of hypothesis analysis show that the value of rxy = 0.953 is in a positive direction. The relationship between parenting style and the level of discipline of learning of elementary school children is included in the category of "very strong" at intervals of 0.80-1,000. The research data also showed that tcount = 14.416, while ttable at a significance level of 5% = 0.433 and ttable at a significance level of 1% = 0.549. It can be seen that tcount is greater than ttable. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between parenting and the level of discipline of elementary school children in Rawang Empat Village, Bandar Petalangan District, Pelalawan Regency.

This study aims to determine how adolescents who live in the association of adolescent smokers, in protecting themselves from smoking habits. This research uses qualitative research methods using ethnography. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses domain analysis. Smoking habits have mushroomed in adolescent relationships. Smoking behavior is a learned behavior. Family, peers, and the environment determine the teen's thought process before deciding to act. The family becomes an important early socialization agent in the process of hunting teenagers in the community, including regarding cigarettes. The results of this study indicate that self-protection by adolescents arises on the basis of knowledge about smoking obtained in the initial socialization process in the family. Understanding of families arising from smoking habits, based on the experience of their parents. From the understanding capital obtained is self-protection in adolescents, specifically in the smoker association. In addition, other self-protection is arising from adolescent planning about the future in pursuing a hobby in the field of sports. From this knowledge and experience that arises through social interaction makes it a protection against smoking in adolescent relationships. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana remaja yang hidup dalam pergaulan remaja perokok, dalam memproteksi diri dari kebiasaan merokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisa domain. Kebiasaan merokok telah menjamur dalam pergaulan remaja. Perilaku merokok merupakan perilaku yang dipelajari. Keluarga, teman sebaya, dan lingkungan berpengaruh dalam proses remaja memahami perilaku merokok sebelum memutuskan untuk bertindak. Keluarga menjadi agen sosialisasi awal yang penting dalam proses remaja memahami perilaku yang ada di masyarakat, termasuk perihal rokok. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proteksi diri yang dilakukan remaja timbul atas dasar pengetahuan tentang rokok yang didapatkan dalam proses sosialisasi awal dalam keluarga. Pemahaman dalam keluarga mengenai akibat yang ditimbulkan dari perilaku merokok, berdasar pengalaman orang tua mereka. Dari modal pemahaman yang didapatkan tersebut menjadi proteksi diri dalam pergaulan remaja, khususnya dalam pergaulan perokok. Selain itu, proteksi diri lainnya adalah timbul dari perencanaan remaja mengenai masa depannya dalam menekuni hobi dalam bidang olahraga. Dari pengetahuan dan pengalam tersebut yang timbul melalui interaksi sosial tersebut menjadikannya melakukan proteksi diri dari perilaku merokok dalam pergaulan remaja.

يهدفهذاالبحثإلى كشف مسيرة حكم عقوبة الإعدام بين من يريد إلغائها وإبقائها، معتمداًفيذلك،علىالمنهجين:الاستقرائيوالتحليلي؛وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي في جمع البيانات من ثنايا المصادر الموجودة والمتوفرة، والمنهجالتحليلي في دراسة تلكم البيانات المتمثّلة في بعض الأحكام المتعلقة بعقوبة الإعدام في الشريعة الإسلامية. وتوصل الباحثون إلى جملة من نتائجأبرزها: إن عقوبة الإعدام لا نستطيع إلغائها شكلا نهائيا، لأنها قد وافق ضمائر المجتمع التى تصاب بأفعال الجريمة من قبل المجرمين المعتدين، والشريعة الإسلامية لا تلغيها بصورة كاملة ولا تستعملها بالمخرج الوحيد لحلول المشاكل بين الجانى والمجنى عليه. فإن وجود العفو والصلح في القتل العمد مثلا دليل على أن الشريعة الإسلامية أقرت مبادئ عامة تخفف منها بل تلغيها فى غالب الأحيان وتراعي أحوال القضية وجانب المصلحة فى جهة أخرى. هذا وفي الآخير يوصي الباحثون بما يلي: دعوة المسلمين الباحثين إلى بحث عميق لكل أحكام ما يتعلق بعقوبة الإعدام لحل المشاكل التى تقع بين المجتمع وكشف قضيتها في التراث الإسلامي قديما وحديثا، لأن شريعة الإسلام صالحة لكل زمان ومكان، وذلك يحتاج الجهد والجد من قبل علمائه وباحثيه لمعرفة أحكامها بتفاصيلها، ودعوة للإهتمامبالعلماء الراسخين في العلم والرجوع إليهم عندوجود المشاكل والنوازل الجديدة ما لاترد في الكتاب والسنة نصوصها وبيانها.

يهدفهذاالبحث إلى كشف دورالتعصب المذهبي في تأثير أخلاق العوام، معتمداًفيذلك، علىالمنهجين: الاستقرائيوالتحليلي؛وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي في جمع البيانات من ثنايا المصادر، والمنهجالتحليلي في دراسة تلكم البيانات المتمثّلة في ضوء الفقه الإسلامي. وبما أن الموضوع عن التعصب المذهبي قام البحث باستعراض تعريف التعصب المذهبي مع بيان أشكاله، وأسبابه، وحكمه، و نماذج واقعية عن تأثير التعصب المذهبي في أخلاق العوام. وتوصل البحث إلى جملة من نتائجأبرزها:خطورة التعصب المذهبي لدي العوام ما يسبب كثيرا من الفرقة والفتن بين المسلمين، وذلك ما يسر الأعداء لتفريق صفوف المسلمين. وليعلم أن التعصب المذهبي ليس منهيا على العوام من الناس فحسب، بل هو منهي على جميع الطبقات العلمية أيا كان، لأنه رفض للحق عند ظهور دليله، وهذا يضر على جميع الناس علمائهم وعوامهم، فيقع الفوضى فيما بينهم، وأن العوام ربما تعلموا أو سمعوا عالما يبين الخطأ، ولكن لم يتعلموا كيف تصحيح الخطأ وكيف علاجه، لذا وقع كثير من سوء التفاهم بين الناس لتجرأهم بيان الخطأء بلا حكمة وقدوة حسنة.هذا وفي الآخير يوصي الباحثون بما يلي: دعوة لعالم أن يصلح ويداوي هذه القضية قدر الإمكان من العلم الشرعي الذي لديه، ويحاول دوام النصح، ويستمر بيان حق وتصحيح خطأ بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة. وعلى المتعلمين عليهم أن يتسلحوا بسلاح العلم والجهد في طلبه ليذهب هذه الصفات من أنفسهم، وعلى الوالدين والمعلمين عليهم أن يتعاونوا على تربية أولادهم تربية إسلامية منذ نعومة أظفارهم، حتى لايبقى لهم مجال لمثل هذا المرضالذي تشكل في روحهم العلمية في مستقبل الأيام.

The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of khilafah according to Sayyid Quthub and Taqiyuddin al-Nabhani, differences and legal basis. This study is a library model, with primary data sources, the Zhilalal-Qur'anic Tafseer and Nizham Al-Hukmi Fi Al-Islam and qualitative descriptive analysis methods. The result is the thought of the concept of khilafah according to sayyid Quthub: 1). The concept of the ruler / caliph, that who becomes the ruler of the choice of the Muslims, acts in absolute freedom, but that person gets the authority because he constantly applies the law of Allah Almighty. 2). The Islamic government system, the Supra Nasional government (the unity of the entire Islamic world). 3). The pillars of his Islamic government: a). Justice of the ruler; b). People's obedience; c). Consultation between the people and the authorities. Thought of the concept of the Caliphate according to Taqiyuddin Al-Nabhani: 1). The concept of the ruler / caliph is a person who represents the Ummah in government affairs and power and in applying syara 'laws. 2). The system of government is khilafah. 3). The pillars of his Islamic government: a). Sovereignty in the hands of syara '; b). Power of the people; c). To appoint a legal Caliph fardlu for all Muslims; d). Only Khailfah has the right to carry out tabanni (adoption) against syara 'laws; e) The Caliph has the right to make constitutions and all other laws. The differences in the concept of khilafah are both: 1). According to Sayyid Quthub, if the ruler fails, then the ruler can be dismissed if the Muslims are no longer satisfied with him. This statement gives a signal that the people get rid of the rulers who no longer fulfill their functions (zhalim rulers). It is different from the opinion of Taqiyuddin al-Nabhani. An Amir al-mu'minin (Khalifah), even though he is responsible before the people and his representatives, but the people and their representatives are not entitled to dismiss him. Nor will the Caliph be dismissed, except when deviating from Shara law. The one who determined the dismissal was only the Mazhalim court. 2). The system of Islamic government according to Sayyid Quthub does not question any system of government in accordance with the system of conditions of society, but this government is characterized by respect for the supremacy of Islamic law (shari'ah). Whereas According to Taqiyuddin Al-Nabhani that the system of Islamic government is khilafah. 3). The pillars of Islamic government according to Sayyid Quthub and Taqiyyuddin al-Nabhani, points three parts a and b at the above conclusions are: 1). Sayyid Quthub: a). Justice of the ruler; b). People's obedience; c). Consultation between the people and the authorities. 2). Taqiyyuddin al-Nabhani: a). Sovereignty in the hands of syara; b). Power of the people; c). To appoint a legal Caliph fardlu for all Muslims; d). Only Khailfah has the right to do tabanni (adoption) against the laws of shara; e). The Caliph has the right to make constitutions and all other laws. The legal bases for determining the Caliphate according to both: 1). The legal basis for the establishment of the Caliphate according to Sayyid Quthub: 1). Ruler, Qur'an Surah (2) al-Baqarah verse 30; 2). Islamic Government System, Qur'an Surah (24) an-Nur verse 55; 3). Pillars of Islamic Government, Qur'an Surah (4) an-Nisa 'verse 58. 2). The legal basis for the establishment of the Caliphate according to Taqiyyuddin al-Nabhani: 1). Ruler, hadith of Muslim history from Abu Said Al khudri, Hadith no. 1853 and Muslims from Abdullah Bin Amru Bin Ash, Hadith no. 1844; 2). Islamic Government System, Al-Qur'an surah an-Nisa '(4) verse 59, an-Nisa' (4) verse 65. Muslim, saheeh Muslim, volumes, 3 pp., 1459 and 1480; 3). Islamic Pillars of Government al-Qur'an surah An-Nisa (3) verse 65, and Surah An-Nisa (3) verses': 5.

This study aims to see whether there is an influence on teacher performance and the utilization of learning resources on student achievement in the field of Islamic Education in Private Junior High Schools in the Bukit Raya District of Pekanbaru City. The population in this study were all VII grade students of Private Junior High Schools in the Bukit Raya District of Pekanbaru, which amounted to 323 people. The sample in this study was taken by proportionate random sampling technique with Slovin formula that is 173 people. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire technique, the data collected was analyzed using multiple regression analysis namely Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2. The results of this study indicate the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) or R Square of 0.284 or 28.4%. This value can be interpreted that changes in student achievement by changes in the value of the independent variable teacher performance and the utilization of learning resources by 28.4% while 71.6% is determined by changes in other factors. Tcount value for learning motivation variable is 3.529 with sig. 0.001 smaller than 0.05 this means that there is an influence of teacher performance on student achievement and tcount for the utilization of learning resources variable is 3,659 with sig. 0,000 is less than 0.05, this means that there is an influence of the use of learning resources on student achievement. It can be concluded that there is an influence between teacher performance and the utilization of learning resources on student achievement in the field of Islamic Education in Private Junior High Schools in the Bukit Raya District of Pekanbaru City.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi setelah sistem zonasi di terapkan di SMA Negeri (SMAN) 1 Surakarta dan menganalisa strategi manajemen sekolah di SMAN 1 Surakarta dalam menghadapi pemberlakuan sistem zonasi menggunakan teori struktural fungsional oleh Radcliffe-Brown. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman melalui beberapa prosedur kegiatan meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1.) Perubahan input siswa yang menjadi relatif heterogen setelah sistem zonasi diterapkan menyebabkan perubahan budaya sekolah dan pola pembelajaran; 2.) Strategi yang digunakan oleh manajemen sekolah di SMAN 1 Surakarta dalam menghadapi perubahan budaya sekolah adalah dengan penanaman nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam Hasthalaku dan inovasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS); dan 3.) Mekanisme adaptif dengan mengubah metode pembelajaran dan wacana akan diterapkannya Sistem Kredit Semester (SKS) di SMAN 1 Surakarta merupakan strategi yang dipilih oleh manajemen sekolah dalam rangka menghadapi perubahan pola pembelajaran. Abstract This study aims to: 1.) Know the changes that occur after the zoning system is implemented in SMAN 1 Surakarta; 2.) Analyzing the school management strategy at SMAN 1 Surakarta in dealing with implementing the zoning system using functional, structural theory by Radcliffe-Brown. This study uses an ethnographic approach with qualitative research methods. Analysis of the data used in this study uses a number of procedure activities, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Results of the study: (1) Changes in student input that become relatively heterogeneous after the zonation system is applied causes changes in school culture and learning patterns; 2.) The strategy used by school management at SMAN 1 Surakarta in dealing with changes in school culture is by inculcating the values contained in Hasthalaku and innovating the School Literacy Movement (GLS); and 3.) The adaptive mechanism by changing learning methods and discourse will be applied to the Semester Credit System (SKS) at SMAN 1 Surakarta is the strategy chosen by the school management in order to deal with changes in learning patterns.

This study aims to determine the values of Tauhid Education in the National Education System and the relevance of the National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003 in strengthening the values of Tauhid Education. This research method uses a type of library research or literature study (library research). Using two data sources, namely: 1). The primary data is law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. 2). Secondary data is literature related to this research. The results of the study were obtained: 1) the values of Tauhid education contained in Chapter II Article 3 read: "National Education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear God the Almighty". Chapter V Article 12 paragraph 1 point A reads: "Every student in each education unit has the right: get religious education in accordance with the religion he adheres to and is taught by educators who are of the same religion". Chapter X Article 36 paragraph 3 point A reads: "The curriculum is prepared in accordance with the level of education within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia by taking into account: Increased faith and piety". 2) Relevance of the Law on National Education System No. 20 of 2003 in strengthening the values of Tauhid education that the main purpose is: "Faithful and devoted to the Almighty God". Then the right of the first student is to get religious education in accordance with a religion that is followed and taught by religious educators. And the curriculum is arranged in accordance with the level of education within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia with the first increase, namely faith and piety.

EXPLORING FEMALE GHOSTS IN INTAN PARAMADITHA’S SIHIR PEREMPUAN: A STUDY ON FEMININITY CONSTRUCTION Abstract: Ghost stories as myth have been around for hundreds of years, both in oral or written forms. Literature has provided a space for urban legend. The most popular and legendary ghosts are usually female ghosts. These female ghosts appear not only to represent ghosts but they also carry certain feminine values from the authors. This study aims to investigate female ghosts on Sihir Perempuan, a collection of short stories written by Intan Paramaditha using feminist construction approach. Cixous’ (2008) theory of feminist writing and an approach to shift to the center are used as the study’s conceptual framework. The findings of this study include a paradox in the way Intan Paramaditha reconstructs femininity. In the effort of building femininity, female ghosts are portrayed as legends within patriarchal cultural power. The presence of female ghosts explores female bodies and psychology. Keywords: female ghost, femininity, ghost story, myth, patriarchy EKSPLORASI HANTU PEREMPUAN DALAM SIHIR PEREMPUAN KARYA INTAN PARAMADITHA: TELAAH KONSTRUKSI FEMININITAS Abstrak: Cerita hantu sebagai sebuah mitos telah dikonsumsi publik sejak ratusan tahun yang lalu, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Dalam perkembangannya, karya sastra menjadi medium legenda urban. Hantu yang paling mengemuka ke ingatan publik adalah hantu perempuan. Kemunculan sosok hantu perempuan tidak hanya sekadar sebagai hantu tetapi juga sebagai sosok yang membawa nilai-nilai femininitas yang disematkan penulis. Penelitian ini membahas hantu perempuan pada kumpulan cerita pendek berjudul Sihir Perempuan karya Intan Paramaditha dengan telaah konstruksi femininitas. Kerangka konseptual yang digunakan adalah teori wacana Cixous (2008) tentang menulis feminin dan sebuah upaya pergeseran ke pusat. Temuan dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya paradoks dalam mengonstruksi femininitas yang dilakukan Intan Paramaditha. Dalam upaya melakukan konstruksi femininitas, hantu perempuan dihadirkan sebagai legenda di tengah kuasa budaya patriarki. Kehadiran hantu perempuan mengeksplorasi tubuh dan psikologis hantu perempuan. Kata kunci: cerita hantu, hantu perempuan, femininitas, mitos, patriarki Permalink/DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v48i22020p167

This study aims to reveal the values of character education described in the verses of the Alquran, especially in animal verses (fauna), namely: bees, crows, and lions. The research method uses the Content Analysis method, with the type of library research. The primary data source is the Tafsir Alquran, the fauna verses and the primary source is the support. The results of his research then as for the values of animal character education in the Alquran, namely: 1) bees have the value of character education a) hard work, b) willing and willing to sacrifice, c) discipline, d) obedient and obedient, e ) trustworthy and responsible, f) independent, g) not looking for position, h) respecting the leader, i) beneficial to other creatures, j) maintaining cleanliness. 2) crows, a) intelligence, b) cooperation, c) faith, d) Islamic educational values. 3) Lions, a) courage, b) affection, c) sincerity, d) patience and e) cooperation. While the relevance of character to education are: a) Understanding of character helps formulate educational goals, b) Understanding of character helps formulate the characteristics and content of the curriculum, c) Understanding of character will help formulate the characteristics of professional teachers, d) Understanding of character will help formulate the code school ethics and discipline, e) Understanding of character can help formulate effective methods and approaches in the learning process, f) Understanding of character can create a conducive educational environment.

This study aims to find the effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence on the morals of students in junior high schools in Bangkinang City District. The purpose of this study are three, namely: 1. To determine the effect of emotional intelligence on the morals of students in the First Middle School in Bangkinang District. To find out the effect of spiritual intelligence on students' behavior in the First Middle School in Bangkinang City District. 3. To find out the significant influence between emotional and spiritual intelligence on the morals of students at the First Middle School in Bangkinang Kota sub-district. This research is a correlational research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study was 2205 students. Research samples were 399 students. Sampling using Slovin formula with an error rate of 5%, sampling technique using Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire and data analysis techniques using multiple regression. From the results of the study obtained that there is an influence between emotional intelligence on student morals with a Significant value of 0,000

Soul education is the process of growth, maintenance, and education of what is called the soul as a totality of people with good and bad potential. The soul is the basic substance of man to produce thoughts, behaviors, actions, and perspectives, which can be positive or negative. This study aims to reveal the values ​​of mental education according to Buya Hamka. This research is a library research with a content analysis approach. The source of the data was obtained through Buya Hamka's book titled Modern Tasawuf published by Panjaka Panjimas Library, Jakarta in 1990. The research found that in the modern Sufism book by Buya Hamka there were values ​​of mental education, among others; 1) Associating with wise people; 2) Getting used to thinking work; 3) Maintain lust and anger; 4) Tadbir, weigh before working (work regularly); 5) Investigate the defects (disgrace) yourself; 6) Angry; 7) Ujub; 8) Arguing and breaking friends' words 9) Senda banter and banter; 10) Zuhud; 11) Fair; 12) Fear of death; 13) Upside down promises and grudges.

Islamic education aims to print students into intellectuals who are both intellectually intelligent and morally good. To achieve these educational goals, the morals and manners of the spirit of education need to be revived. In addition, Islamic education must also isolate the secular-liberal view of life that exists in every modern scientific discipline. Such education will give birth to humans who are aware of their responsibilities towards their Lord, understand and carry out their obligations to themselves and others in their society, and strive continuously to develop every aspect of themselves towards advancement as moral human beings. To achieve this goal, the Indonesian government rolled out character education. Character education is expected to be able to balance between the fulfillment of cognitive needs with other needs as mandated by the 2003 National Education System Law. Similarly, Islamic education is already familiar with the concept of etiquette. This study aims to determine the concept of etiquette education according to Imam Bukhari in the book of Adab Al Mufrad and to make it relevant with character education in Indonesia. In this study it was found that the concept of education according to Imam Bukhari includes adab to parents, adab to children, adab to others, adab to Allah, and adab to the prophet Muhammad. This concept of etiquette covers the five pillars of the value of character education in Indonesia and can be used as a foothold in describing the values ​​of education that are being practiced in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the initial problem of the still low student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education subjects. The data analysis technique of this study used a regression analysis method. This type of research is quantitative by using the Quasy Experiment method and uses the Nonequivalent Control Group Design research design. Based on the results of the study, the effect of the application of the discovery learning model to student learning outcomes shows that the tcount is greater than ttable both at the 5% significance level or the 1% significance level (2,000 2,660) this means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, while the effect of giving Teacher motivation towards student learning outcomes shows that tcount is greater than ttable both at the significance level of 5% and the significant level of 1% (2,000 2,660). Motivation by the teacher together on student learning outcomes results are greater than t table both at the 5% significance level and 1% significance level (2,000 2,660) this means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This research aims at understanding and explaing conflicts that take place in the virtual world. Twitter is chosen as a sample because it is one of the most widely used social media many so-called netizens use both for positive and negative purposes. One of the negative effects that twitter brings about is rampant hate speech. Data is collected by shooting screen that contain hashtag #2019gantipresiden and #2019tetapjokowi. Perspective used in this research is Lewis Coser’s conflict theory. Unlike other researches that focus on the impact of internet-mediated interaction, this reseach offers a new perspective that considers virtual world a space where each individual interacting in it gets involved in a negotiation process with other individual or a group of individuals. Conclusions drawn from this reseach are as follows : (1) if it comes to conflict, the nature of virtual - real worlds relation is diadic one; (2) things that occur in the virtual world can be managed to be realized in the real world and vice versa; (3) virtual world is an imaginary space constructed by groups of individuals due to interaction barrier in the real world.

This article aims to reveal how the members of the poor family perceive wellbeing and poverty. This article is based on the theory of cultural poverty which sees the existence of a set of cultures that cause poor people difficult to escape from poverty. The research method used is qualitative inductive (exploratory) through phenomenology approach and data analysis uses descriptive analysis. The important finding of the study is that the poor perceived wellbeing as multiple and gradual i.e. (i) have healthy physical, (ii) a harmonic relation with others in communities and (iii) have enough money to meet the basic needs, especially, food. There is a dualistic view of poverty, between they accept as in the philosophy of "nrimo ing pandum" and they reject the conditions of their poverty although they do not know the way out.

A contract is a written agreement between a Sharia Bank or a Sharia Business Unit and another party that contains the obligation for parties in accordance with sharia principles, this is a definition according to the Sharia Banking Law. A contract is a legal relationship between parties that creates rights and obligations that are exchanged by the parties. An agreement is an event someone promises to another person or somewhere two people promise to do something or plan. All three are equated in the concept of business law engagement. The difference between the agreement and the contract according to the science of jurisprudence, the agreement is different from the agreement according to business law, but the difference is only in the term of use. By law and sharia, the murabahah and wakalah contracts are legalized. But if the murabahah bil wakalah agreement is not clear between the two contracts which one is used, there is obscurity (gharar), the law is haraam. But if the two contracts can be clear (not gharar) and separate (which one is the right one), then a transaction with two contracts is permitted, for example murabahah bil wakalah transaction, by means of the wakalah contract, then the murabahah contract, then this contract is enforced.

Indonesian government targeted the stunting prevalence less than 14% by 2024. There are complex social determinants of stunting, including socio-economic background of the family, culture, parenting as well as health literacy. Migrant labour family as the vulnerable population was facing with those social determinants of stunting. This qualitative study was aimed to explore the social determinant of stunting among migrant labour family in Magetan District, East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 15 informants who selected purposively were participated in this study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and unstructured observations. Data analysis performed by applied Open Code 4.03 Software. Moreover, triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing were the strategies of trustworthiness. The migrant labours in Magetan were young families with low and medium educational background. They were exposed to the parenting problems such as toddlers’ eating behaviours, lack of nutrition intake, family and social bonding, as well as growth monitoring system. Meanwhile, the family social support helped them a lot to dial with these problems. This study suggests the important to improve and empower family’s capacity in parenting issues.