Search

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is a widespread forest tree species, reported as naturalized across the introduced range, often showing abundant natural regeneration after wildfires. This paper studies a post-fire cohort of seedlings derived from a small, isolated E. globulus stand in central Portugal. The aim is to better understand the genetic dynamics and dispersal mechanisms of naturally established E. globulus populations in the introduced range. The seedling density at 55 m from adult trees was 12,000 ha−1, the farthest seedling being registered at 101 m. Post-fire expansion occurred in a southward direction, in accordance with predominant wind. Seedlings had significantly lower levels of genetic diversity (Ae = 5.8.; He = 0.8) than adult trees (Ae = 6.5; He = 0.8). Crossings were strongly unbalanced, with only eight trees contributing to the sampled seedlings, and one single tree contributing to 52% of these seedlings. Moreover, the co-ancestry amongst seedlings more than doubled (from θ = 0.03 to 0.076), and the population status number was around one third of the value registered for the adult population (from Ns = 16.2 to 6.6). Despite its isolation, external pollen was detected in the stand, and appears to have travelled at least 700 m, contributing to 22% of the offspring. Overall, the seedling cohort is much less diverse than the parent trees, with expected lower resilience and persistence to environmental stresses. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Introduction: Impalement injuries are defined as rare, high-energy lesions caused by foreign bodies, usually steel bars or wooden objects, which pierce body cavities or extremities and remain interposed in the perforated body region. They usually occur with road accident or civil construction falls. Case Report:A 24-year-old male patient was admitted at the emergency department after a motorcycle accident, resulting a left leg impalement with a wooden object. A partial deep peroneal nerve palsy and a proximal third fibula fracture were observed. The foreign body removal and wound debridement were performed. The patient evolved favorably without complications, with complete neurological recovery and returning to his normal life activities. Discussion: Impalement injuries represent a challenge in pre-hospital care, emergency room, and operating room hospital care, due to its rarity and specificity: Type of object, anomalous foreign body location, and trajectory. There is a consensus that whenever possible, it should be removed in the operating room, due to the foreign body may be tamponing a major arterial laceration, thus preventing massive hemorrhage. Conclusion: Neurovascular injury exclusion, foreign body removal in the operating room, debridement, and antibiotic prophylaxis represent the treatment basis of these injuries. Keywords: Impalement, Trauma, Leg

Introduction: Gossypiboma or textiloma is the technical term used to describe a surgical complication related to accidental retention of surgical material within the body, most often surgical swabs. Since it is rare in orthopedic surgery, its diagnostis is less common and often initially mistaken with soft-tissue tumors. The aim of this study is to point out the importance of this differential diagnosis in the event of clinical swelling or accidental intraoperative finding associated with previous surgery. Case Report: Female patient presenting with 3 weeks hip pain and inflammatory signs, with a past history of a total hip arthroplasty 15 years before. Analytically presented C-reactive protein CRP of 13.67 mg/dl. Ultrasound and computed tomography CT scan revealed a solid lesion in the anterior thigh root and a liquid lesion in the lateral region of the hip. Discussion: Gossypibomas can be classified into two types: The aseptic fibrous type, which produces adhesions and a fibrotic capsule, and the exudative type, which is characterized by abscess formation. This case report refers to an aseptic fibrous type, given an asymptomatic evolution over 15 years and histopathological findings. However, this diagnosis occurred following a periprosthetic hip infection. Keywords: Gossypiboma, muslinoma, textiloma, total hip arthroplasty. Gossypiboma, Textiloma, Muslinoma, Total hip arthroplasty

International audience; Key message: A novel multi-environment competition individual-tree mixed model resulted in better fit, and greater individual narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities than the model without competition, notably for traits showing competition. In multi-environment tests, the proposed model would allow tree breeders to select genotypes with the best performance in both additive direct and competition breeding values, increasing forest productivity. Context: Genetic merit of trees is known to be affected and interact with local competition effects as well as changes across environmental conditions. Recent studies showed that competition genetic effects can affect the genetic variance and bias the tree breeding values, and its covariance with direct breeding values has been variable across traits. Aims: The present paper extends a mixed-model methodology to the problem of accounting for competition in a multi-environment set of forest genetic trials and exploring its impact on genetic variances as well as the multi-environment genetic correlation. Methods: The proposed model is illustrated using data from two full-sib trials of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis F1. Dispersion parameters and (co)variance of total breeding values were estimated for diameter at breast height, total tree height, and stem straightness at age 10. Results: For traits showing competition effects (diameter at breast height and total tree height), the proposed multi-environment competition model gave better fit than the simpler model. Accounting for competition increased the direct additive variance, reduced the residual variances, and did not change significantly the across-site additive genetic correlation. However, for diameter at breast height, top 5% best genetic rankings showed differences. Conclusion: When traits are strongly affected by inter-tree competition, the use of the proposed model in multi-environment analyses can efficiently identify the phenomenon with general benefits in the fitting of genetic components and open the door to select on the basis of competitiveness.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are platforms that have been increasingly used over the last decade to collect data for forest insect pest and disease (FIPD) monitoring. These machines provide flexibility, cost efficiency, and a high temporal and spatial resolution of remotely sensed data. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent contributions and to identify knowledge gaps in UAV remote sensing for FIPD monitoring. A systematic review was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. We reviewed the full text of 49 studies published between 2015 and 2021. The parameters examined were the taxonomic characteristics, the type of UAV and sensor, data collection and pre-processing, processing and analytical methods, and software used. We found that the number of papers on this topic has increased in recent years, with most being studies located in China and Europe. The main FIPDs studied were pine wilt disease (PWD) and bark beetles (BB) using UAV multirotor architectures. Among the sensor types, multispectral and red–green–blue (RGB) bands were preferred for the monitoring tasks. Regarding the analytical methods, random forest (RF) and deep learning (DL) classifiers were the most frequently applied in UAV imagery processing. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations associated with the use of UAVs and the processing methods for FIPDs, and research gaps and challenges are presented.

Ankle malleolar fractures are one of the most common surgical fractures. The literature about ankle fracture sport related is reduced. Severe fractures, fractures–dislocations, syndesmosis lesions, associated osteochondral lesions, postoperative complications, as well as age are associated in several studies with worse functional results and may, therefore, also be associated with a lower rate of sports return. This study aims to retrospectively assess the return to physical activity at the level prior to injury in individuals undergoing surgical treatment of unstable malleolar ankle injuries and to identify risk factors associated with a non-return. We retrospectively evaluated between January 2008 and December 2017, patients with an unstable malleolar fracture of the ankle surgically treated, recreational or competitive sportsman with a minimum follow-up of one year. Demographic data, fracture classification according to AO classification, presence/absence of osteochondral lesion, presence/absence of unstable syndesmosis lesion, associated dislocation, type of surgery, postoperative complications, functional outcome evaluation with the AOFAS score and sports return. 92 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean AOFAS score observed was 90.93 (67–100). 69.7% of patients returned without limitations in performing physical activity. 21.75% returned with limitations and 8.7% did not return to physical activity. No association was observed between age, sex, syndesmosis lesion and greater risk of not returning to physical activity. Patients with bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures, osteochondral injury, or associated dislocation presented an increased risk of inferior functional score and non-return sporting activity. Bimalleolar and trimalleolar fractures, associated presence of dislocation and osteochondral lesions are associated with worse clinical outcome and lower return onset.

Non-spatial and spatial analyses were carried out to estimate genetic parameters for growth and stem straightness traits between ages 4 and 7 in two series of eight progeny trials of Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii (PEE) established in 2004 and 2008, comprising 429 open-pollinated families from Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) tree breeding population in Argentina. A first-order autoregressive spatial mixed model was found to significantly improve the fit of the model, compared with the standard non-spatial mixed model approach, due to substantial spatial heterogeneity within sites. The average individual-tree narrow-sense heritability estimates based on this spatial analysis were 0.49 for diameter at breast height, 0.36 for total height, and 0.48 for volume, with stem straightness being low to moderate (average = 0.11). The additive genetic correlation estimates between growth traits were positive (0.51 ≤ r^ a ≤ 0.99) and statistically significant from zero. In contrast, the genetic correlations between growth traits and stem straightness although in general also positive were not significantly different from zero (− 0.22 ≤ r^ a ≤ 0.59). Age-to-age genetic correlations were consistently higher for growth traits (r^ a ≥ 0.81) than for stem straightness (r^ a ≥ 0.33). The average additive genetic correlation estimated between sites within test series was high for all traits evaluated (average > 0.72). In contrast, average additive genetic correlation estimated between sites across series was slightly lower (average < 0.63). Implications of all these parameter estimates for genetic improvement of PEE in Argentina are discussed. Fil: Belaber, Ector C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Misiones. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentina Fil: Gauchat Funes, Maria Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Misiones. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentina Fil: Rodriguez, Horacio Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Misiones. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentina Fil: Borralho, Nuno M.. Universidad de Lisboa; Portugal Fil: Cappa, Eduardo Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden es una especie de rápido crecimiento originaria del sudeste australiano y de alto interés para el sector forestal chileno, por cuanto constituye una alternativa a Eucalyptus globulus Labill., especialmente en las zonas en que esta última especie se ve limitada por el frío. Considerando el potencial de la especie INFOR, en conjunto con el Grupo Pro Nitens (Asociación de Pequeños y Medianos Propietarios Forestales) y Forestal Mininco (Empresa de la Compañía Manufacturera de Papeles y Cartones CMPC SA), han elaborado una estrategia de mejoramiento genético para la producción de madera sólida orientada a dar sostenibilidad a la pyme forestal.

In a context of growing demands for wood and wood derived products, plantations of exotic tree species have globally increased. Fast growth and high productivity made Eucalyptus one of the most successful tree genus around the world. Nevertheless, this genus is often associated with negative ecological impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and the risk of expansion is considered a major threat. Eucalyptus globulus is the most planted tree species in Portugal, but common silvicultural measures, including periodic control of the understory vegetation, have traditionally limited natural regeneration. However, forest fires constitute a main driver of E. globulus dispersal and regeneration and, under the current climatic change scenario, the possible extension of the summer fire regime to previous months in spring and/or later months in autumn, may have a profound effect on E. globulus dispersal capacity. Moreover, isolated eucalypt trees, seed-trees, are often left uncut and many plantations are poorly managed potentially increasing the risk of E. globulus dispersal. To evaluate the impact of both management and fire event dates on E. globulus dispersal, we assessed the establishment of saplings beyond plantations and seed-trees surrounding areas in absence of fire and after 2017 June and October fires in managed and unmanaged conditions. Sapling survival was also analyzed two years after fire. Our results point out that sapling establishment in our study area is not a major concern in the absence of fire. Also, our findings showed that E. globulus establishment is highly dependent on the time of the year a fire occurs and that pre-fire management practices constrain E. globulus dispersal. We also found that seed-trees are high seed dispersers after fire even in managed conditions, deserving great concern. Additionally, sapling survival two years after October fire indicate that out of season fires might constitute an emerging issue regarding E. globulus expansion.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados referidos a las tensiones de crecimiento cuantificadas indirectamente utilizando un Indice de Rajado (IRr) que fue medido a las 72 horas posteriores al corte en las 4 caras de los 2 primeros rollizos comerciales. El material estudiado involucró 72 familias de polinización libre de las cuales 60 corresponden a material salvaje cosechado en el área de distribución natural de la especie y 12 a selecciones realizadas en forestaciones comerciales en Argentina correspondientes al origen Moleton, NSW. La información fue analizada utilizando la metodología de modelos mixtos (análisis REML-BLUP).

The Portuguese Landrace of Eucalyptus globulus is of unknown origin, with the earliest plantings of this tree species dating back to the early 19th century. In Portugal it is currently a major seed source for plantations and is also used in breeding programs. Eucalyptus globulus is native to south-eastern Australia. The substantial genetic differentiation of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers between different native geographic races of this species allowed us to uncover the Australian origins of the Portuguese Landrace and to study its genetic diversity. To achieve this, we sequenced a highly polymorphic region of chloroplast DNA from 47 Portuguese Landrace individuals, and genotyped 34 of these using seven nuclear microsatellites. We compared these individuals to those in a database comprising chloroplast DNA sequence profiles from 292 native trees and seven nuclear microsatellites from 372 native trees. The majority of the Portuguese Landrace samples had closest affinities, in both marker systems, to native trees from south-eastern Tasmania, but some had affinities to trees from south-eastern Victoria. The discrepancies in the affinities indicated by chloroplast versus nuclear DNA markers could be explained by inter-race hybridisation after introduction. The genetic diversity in the Portuguese Landrace was less than that found in native E. globulus at the species level, but was similar to the average diversity found in native races of the species. This study demonstrates the power of using independent marker systems to identify the origins and diversity of domesticated populations, by comparison with variation in native stands.

In a previous study, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting vegetative propagation traits were detected in a hybrid cross between Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus globulus. The objective of this work was to confirm stable QTL linked markers (detected in different years) for propagation traits in an independent set of the same segregating population and in two related crosses involving the original E. globulus parent. Phenotypic averages of groups of individuals carrying alternative allelic forms of the stable QTL linked markers were statistically tested for significant differences. Adventitious rooting and petrification marker–trait associations, detected previously in the E. tereticornis parent, were verified in an independent sample of the original progeny. In the E. globulus parent, the QTL linked marker was only verified in one related genetic background. Verification was possible only for high-effect QTL linked markers. This study highlights the importance of sample size in QTL detection for low-heritability traits.

Des mesures de hauteur, collectees a 3 ans dans 6 tests de descendances clonees d'Eucalyptus globulus, ont ete analysees avec un modele d'analyse de variance prenant en compte l'heterogeneite des variances. Une heterogeneite significative a ete mise en evidence entre sites pour les variances genetiques additives et environnementales (CV = 41 % et 26 % respectivement). Deux variances genetiques additives et quatre variances environnementales se sont revelees significativement differentes des variances estimees sur l'ensemble des sites. Une heterogeneite significative a ete aussi mise en evidence pour les heritabilites qui variaient de 13,5 a 40,3 %. Les valeurs genetiques des parents et des clones intra-familles de pleins-freres ont ete estimees a partir d'un modele d'analyse de variance prenant en compte cette heterogeneite de variances et a partir d'un modele simple d'analyse de variance assumant l'homogeneite des variances a travers sites, soit sur donnees non ajustees, soit sur donnees pre-ajustees par transformation scalaire. Les changements dans la prediction des valeurs genetiques des genotypes, de leur classement et des reponses a la selection ont ete examines pour etablir l'impact de la non-prise en compte de ces variances heterogenes sur l'estimation des parametres genetiques. Les clones ont ete plus sensibles que leurs parents par rapport a cette hypothese de variances homogenes. Neanmoins, ignorer cette heterogeneite de variances ne decroit la reponse a la selection clonale que de 2 % par rapport a une evaluation tenant compte de cette heterogeneite. L'ajustement prealable des donnees a une constante phenotypique ou environnementale a reduit l'heterogeneite des variances. La transformation a partir de la constante environnementale a ete plus efficace en ameliorant le classement Jes genotypes et la reponse a la selection. Sur base des resultats de cette etude, le modele lineaire mixte (BLUP) est apparu particulierement robuste pour estimer les parametres genetiques en assumant erronement l'homogeneite des variances.

International audience; AimsThe objective of this study was to compare the merit of the Colombian landrace relative to the various Australian native races of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus and study the genetic control of key traits such as growth, wood density, and leaf phase change in the unique conditions of the Colombian highlands.MethodsThe genetic study was based on open-pollinated families from native Australian and Colombian landrace origin, tested across four trials spanning two generations of breeding. A multisite mixed linear model with genetic groups was fitted to the data to estimate race merit and the variance and covariances between traits, ages, and sites.ResultsRace effects for growth were small and only significant at the older site. In contrast, races differ significantly for height to phase change and density. The Colombian landrace and South and NE Tasmania races changed leaf type at a higher tree height. King Island and Recherche Bay had low density values, whereas the Colombian landrace had the highest. Heritability was moderate for growth traits (between 0.09 and 0.40), high for height to phase change (between 0.42 and 0.69), and moderate for wood density (0.28). The genetic correlation between growth and height to phase change was in general positive, but variable across sites. There was no correlation between growth and density. Despite large differences in growth between trials, pairwise genetic correlations suggest that genotype-by-site interaction is negligible. However, there was a poor correspondence between first-generation (ex-native stands) and second-generation families (ex-multi-provenance progeny trial). This suggests that breeding value estimates based on native open-pollinated material are unreliable.ConclusionResults confirm negligible race differences for growth, but not for wood density. Future breeding efforts should include the various genetic backgrounds including the Colombian landrace which constitutes a very important source, especially because of its high density. Despite a low Genotype by Environment interaction, the poor genetic correspondence between the first- and second-generation trials indicates that selections for growth should be based on information coming mainly from the advanced-generation trials.

The promise of association genetics to identify genes or genomic regions controlling complex traits has generated a flurry of interest. Such phenotype-genotype associations could be useful to accelerate tree breeding cycles, increase precision and selection intensity for late expressing, low heritability traits. However, the prospects of association genetics in highly heterozygous undomesticated forest trees can be severely impacted by the presence of cryptic population and pedigree structure. To investigate how to better account for this, we compared the GLM and five combinations of the Unified Mixed Model (UMM) on data of a low-density genome-wide association study for growth and wood property traits carried out in a Eucalyptus globulus population (n = 303) with 7,680 Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. Model comparisons were based on the degree of deviation from the uniform distribution and estimates of the mean square differences between the observed and expected p-values of all significant marker-trait associations detected. Our analysis revealed the presence of population and family structure. There was not a single best model for all traits. Striking differences in detection power and accuracy were observed among the different models especially when population structure was not accounted for. The UMM method was the best and produced superior results when compared to GLM for all traits. Following stringent correction for false discoveries, 18 marker-trait associations were detected, 16 for tree diameter growth and two for lignin monomer composition (S∶G ratio), a key wood property trait. The two DArT markers associated with S∶G ratio on chromosome 10, physically map within 1 Mbp of the ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) gene, providing a putative independent validation of this marker-trait association. This study details the merit of collectively integrate population structure and relatedness in association analyses in undomesticated, highly heterozygous forest trees, and provides additional insights into the nature of complex quantitative traits in Eucalyptus. Fil: Cappa, Eduardo Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: El Kassaby, Yousry A.. University of British Columbia; Canadá Fil: Garcia, Martín Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Acuña, Cintia Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Borralho, Nuno M. G.. Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Centro de Estudos Florestais; Portugal Fil: Grattapaglia, Dario. Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasil Fil: Marcucci Poltri, Susana Noemí. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Background The Biotech MERCOSUR project (85% founded by the European Union) launched in January 2009 and finished in December 2010. The general objective was to establish a regional scientific-technological network to develop a genotyping and phenotyping platform useful for the improvement of Eucalyptus in the region. Two advanced genomic strategies (genetic and association mapping) were applied to investigate the genetic basis of the industrial wood formation and energy production of Eucalyptus plantations. Up to date, no projects were carried out involving the four MERCOSUR countries altogether. The project brought together scientists from 3 MERCOSUR public research institutes and 2 industrial partners from 4 countries. The project was possible thanks to the availability of five evaluated field trials of Eucalyptus, four segregating populations, a high-density Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) resource of wide genome coverage and high transferability technology for the genera [1], as well as phenotypic assessment methods of physical and chemical properties of wood using Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) [2] together with the classical measurements of growth and wood quality tree properties. The aim of this work is to present the main inputs and results achieved in the project. Materials and methods Plant material Open pollinated (OP) progeny trial of Eucalyptus grandis planted in Argentina: 188 trees from 132 OP families (1 to 3 trees per OP family) from 13 native stand sites in Australia and 3 Argentinean land races. Clonal trial of E. grandis planted in Paraguay: 123 clonal trees most of them with unknown provenances. OP progeny trials of E. globulus planted in Uruguay: 169 trees from 132 OP families (1 to 8 trees per OP family) from 8 Australian geographic races and one Chilean land race. OP progeny trial of E. globulus planted in Argentina: 134 trees from 129 OP families (1 or 2 trees per OP family) from 8 Australian geographic races and 2 landraces from Chile and Portugal. Full-sib progeny trial of E. grandis planted in Argentina: 130 full-sib trees (see Garcia et al. in this journal). E. grandis× E. urophylla: described in [3].

International audience; • Introduction Tree genetic improvement programs usually lack, in general, pedigree information. Since molecular markers can be used to estimate the level of genetic similarity between individuals, we genotyped a sample of a Portuguese Eucalyptus globulus breeding population—a reference population of 125 individuals—with 16 microsatellites (SSR). • Materials and methods Using genotypes from the reference population, we developed a simulation approach to recurrently generate (105 replicates) virtual offspring with different relatedness: selfed, half-sib, full-sib and unrelated individuals. Four commonly used pairwise similarity coefficients were tested on these groups of simulated offspring. Significant deficits in heterozygosity were found for some markers in the reference population, likely due to the presence of null alleles. Therefore, the impact of null alleles in the relatedness estimates was also studied. We conservatively assumed that all homozygotes in the reference population were carriers of null alleles. • Results All estimators were unbiased, but one of them was better adjusted to our data set, even when null alleles were considered. The estimator’s accuracy and precision were validated with individuals of known pedigree obtained from controlled crosses made with the same reference population’s parents. Additionally, a clustering algorithm based on the estimator of choice was constructed, in order to infer the relatedness among 24 E. globulus elite individuals. We detected four putatively related elite individuals’ pairs (six pairs considering the presence of null alleles). • Conclusions This work demonstrates that in the absence of pedigree information, our approach could be useful to identify relatives and minimize consanguinity in breeding populations.

Genetic variation and co-variation among the key pulpwood selection traits for Eucalyptus globulus were estimated for a range of sites in Portugal, with the aim of improving genetic parameters used to predict breeding values and correlated response to selection. The trials comprised clonally replicated full-sib families (eight trials) and unrelated clones (17 trials), and exhibited varying levels of pedigree connectivity. The traits studied were stem diameter at breast height, Pilodyn penetration (an indirect measure of wood basic density) and near infrared reflectance predicted pulp yield. Univariate and multivariate linear mixed models were fitted within and across sites, and estimates of additive genetic, total genetic, environmental and phenotypic variances and covariances were obtained. All traits studied exhibited significant levels of additive genetic variation. The average estimated within-site narrow-sense heritability was 0.19 ± 0.03 for diameter and 0.29 ± 0.03 for Pilodyn penetration, and the pooled estimate for predicted pulp yield was 0.42 ± 0.14. When they could be tested, dominance and epistatic effects were generally not statistically significant, although broad-sense heritability estimates were slightly higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates. Averaged across trials, positive additive (0.64 ± 0.08), total genetic (0.58 ± 0.04), environmental (0.38 ± 0.03) and phenotypic (0.43 ± 0.02) correlation estimates were consistently obtained between diameter and Pilodyn penetration. This data argues for at least some form of pleiotropic relationship between these two traits and that selection for fast growth will adversely affect wood density in this population. Estimates of the across-site genetic correlations for diameter and Pilodyn penetration were high, indicating that the genotype by environment interaction is low across the range of sites tested. This result supports the use of single aggregated selection criteria for growth and wood density across planting environments in Portugal, as opposed to having to select for performance in different environments.

International audience; Tension wood formed in response to gravitational force is a striking example of the plasticity of angiosperm wood. In this study our goal was to characterize the early changes in gene expression during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus.Using cDNA array technology, transcript profiling of 231 genes preferentially expressed in differentiating Eucalyptus xylem was followed from 6 h to 1 wk of a tension time course of artificially bent Eucalyptus trees.196 genes were differentially regulated between control and bent trees, some exhibiting distinctive expression patterns related to changes in secondary cell wall structure and composition. For instance, expression of a cellulose synthase gene was well correlated with the appearance of the G-layers. Cluster correlation analysis revealed differential regulation of lignin biosynthetic genes and may also be used to help infer the function of unknown gene products.Eucalyptus wood transcriptome analysis during tension wood formation not only provided new clues into the transcriptional regulatory network of genes preferentially expressed in xylem, but also highlighted candidate genes responsible for the genetic and environmentally induced variation of wood quality traits.

The use of vegetative propagules of Eucalyptus globulus has been an important tool for the large scale deployment of improved plants. However, given the reported morphological differences in root systems between cuttings and seedlings, the question of whether such differences affect growth and wood quality needs to be addressed. The present study compares growth (diameter and height) and wood density (pilodyn penetration) of vegetatively propagated cuttings and seedlings from the same or related pedigrees. The relevance of age, site and the interaction between propagation method and genetic improvement were also investigated. Trials included full-sib families, in which each family was tested as cuttings and seedlings, and progeny trials where parents were cloned and offspring derived from open pollinated crosses. The results show that there were no significant differences between the two types of plant material (cuttings versus seedlings) for the traits examined in the study., Comparaison des performances en forêt de plants issus de semis et de bouturage d'Eucalyptus globulus. Le recours à la multiplication végétative est un outil de première importance pour le déploiement des variétés améliorées d'Eucalyptus globulus. Cependant, l'existence de caractéristiques morphologiques distinctes entre plants issus de semis et plants issus de boutures laisse planer des doutes sur leurs effets sur la croissance et la qualité du bois. Dans cette étude, nous avons comparé la croissance et la densité du bois (via le pilodyn) d'arbres de même pedigree ou apparentés, produits par bouturage et par semis. Nous avons également considéré l'effet de l'âge des plants, du milieu d'expérimentation et les interactions entre méthodes de multiplication et génotypes. Les essais analysés comprennent des tests de descendances pleins-frères, multipliés par semis et par bouturage, et des tests de descendances comprenant les parents clonés et leurs descendances issues de pollinisation libre. Les résultats montrent l'absence de différence significative entre les deux types de matériel (semis et boutures) que ce soit pour la croissance ou pour la densité du bois.

The first estimates of the importance of epistatic effects within Eucalyptus globulus were obtained from analysis of clonally replicated full-sib progeny tests grown in Portugal. Parents comprised diverse selections from the Portuguese landrace. Variance components were estimated for 4-year-old diameter growth and pilodyn penetration, an indirect measure of wood density, both key traits in the pulpwood breeding objective. The experimental components of variance were used to estimate heritabilities and proportions of the phenotypic variance due to dominance and epistasis. The additive variance was the only significant genetic component affecting either diameter or pilodyn. Estimates of the additive, dominance and epistatic effects accounted for 8–10%, 0–4% and 0.4% of the phenotypic variance in diameter, and for 11–17%, 0% and 5% of the phenotypic variance in pilodyn, respectively. A comparison of residual coefficients of variation within seedling and cloned progenies indicated that C effects within clones were not a serious source of random variability. Despite the test sites encompassing a diverse range of locations, no important genotype by environment interaction was detected. The results suggested that an improvement strategy combining both recurrent selection for additive genetic merit and clonal testing may be adequate for optimizing genetic gains from this genetic base.

Se presentan los resultados del uso de Pylodin como metodo alternativo para la medicion indirecta de la densidad (in situ) en 10 de los mejores clones de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. en la empresa Reforestadora de la Costa en la Orinoquia colombiana. Para validar los resultados obtenidos a traves de Pylodin se incluyo el procesamiento de muestras obtenidas a partir de muestreo no destructivo y destructivo del arbol, tarugos y discos respectivamente, cuyos resultados son expresados en kg/m3 y permiten la obtencion de un dato representativo de la variable por arbol. Tanto los tarugos como los discos fueron procesados en laboratorio en donde se obtuvo el volumen verde, por el metodo de inmersion y desplazamiento de agua, y el peso seco, segun lo dispuesto en la norma Tappi T258 om-11. La alta densidad de la especie se confirmo a traves de los valores obtenidos para discos y tarugos, 579.5 kg/m3 y 530.2 kg/m3 respectivamente. Los valores de heredabilidad obtenidos para los tres metodos son bastante cercanos (entre 0.47 y 0.55) lo que indica que el uso de Pylodin puede resultar en una estrategia eficiente para determinar la densidad de individuos o promedios clonales. Ademas las correlaciones fenotipicas y geneticas entre los metodos directos y el Pylodin apoyan el planteamiento de su uso como alternativa inicial para la estimacion de la densidad in situ.