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1. Vaccination for Patients Receiving Dialysis.

Author

Sam, Ramin, Rankin, Laura, Ulasi, Ifeoma, Frantzen, Luc, Nitsch, Dorothea, Henner, David, Molony, Donald, Wagner, John, Chen, Jing, Agarwal, Sanjay, Howard, Andrew, Atkinson, Ralph, Landry, Daniel, Pastan, Stephen, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar

Subjects
Dialysis, SARS-CoV2, influenza, pneumococcus, vaccination
Abstract

Vaccinating patients receiving dialysis may prevent morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. The National Forum of End-Stage Renal Disease Networks (the Forum) published a revised vaccination toolkit in 2021 to update evidence and recommendations on vaccination for patients receiving dialysis. Significant changes in the last 10 years include more data supporting the use of a high-dose influenza vaccine, the introduction of the Heplisav-B vaccine for hepatitis B, and changes in pneumococcal vaccines, including the approval of the PCV15 and PCV20 to replace the PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines. Additional key items include the introduction of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and a new vaccine to prevent respiratory syncytial virus disease. Historically, influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations were routinely administered by dialysis facilities, and because of possible risks of hematogenous spread of hepatitis B, dialysis providers often have detailed hepatitis B vaccine protocols. In March 2021, COVID-19 vaccines were made available for dialysis facilities to administer, although with the end of the public health emergency, vaccine policies by dialysis facilities against COVID-19 remains uncertain. The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine was authorized in 2023, and how dialysis facilities will approach this vaccine also remains uncertain. This review summarizes the Forums vaccination toolkit and discusses the role of the dialysis facility in vaccinating patients to reduce the risk of severe infections.

Published
2024

5. Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Author

Gaziano, Liam, Sun, Luanluan, Arnold, Matthew, Bell, Steven, Cho, Kelly, Kaptoge, Stephen, Song, Rebecca, Burgess, Stephen, Posner, Daniel, Mosconi, Katja, Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne, Mason, Amy, Bolton, Thomas, Tao, Ran, Allara, Elias, Schubert, Petra, Chen, Lingyan, Staley, James, Staplin, Natalie, Altay, Servet, Amiano, Pilar, Arndt, Volker, Ärnlöv, Johan, Barr, Elizabeth, Björkelund, Cecilia, Boer, Jolanda, Brenner, Hermann, Casiglia, Edoardo, Chiodini, Paolo, Cooper, Jackie, Coresh, Josef, Cushman, Mary, Dankner, Rachel, Davidson, Karina, de Jongh, Renate, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Engström, Gunnar, Freisling, Heinz, de la Cámara, Agustín, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hankey, Graeme, Hansson, Per-Olof, Heath, Alicia, Hoorn, Ewout, Imano, Hironori, Jassal, Simerjot, Kaaks, Rudolf, Katzke, Verena, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kiechl, Stefan, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kronmal, Richard, Kyrø, Cecilie, Lawlor, Deborah, Ljungberg, Börje, MacDonald, Conor, Masala, Giovanna, Meisinger, Christa, Melander, Olle, Moreno Iribas, Conchi, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nitsch, Dorothea, Nordestgaard, Børge, Onland-Moret, Charlotte, Palmieri, Luigi, Petrova, Dafina, Garcia, Jose, Rosengren, Annika, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Sakurai, Masaru, Santiuste, Carmen, Schulze, Matthias, Sieri, Sabina, Sundström, Johan, Tikhonoff, Valérie, Tjønneland, Anne, Tong, Tammy, Tumino, Rosario, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, van der Schouw, Yvonne, Monique Verschuren, W, Völzke, Henry, Wallace, Robert, Wannamethee, S, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willeit, Peter, Woodward, Mark, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Zamora-Ros, Raul, Akwo, Elvis, Pyarajan, Saiju, Gagnon, David, Tsao, Philip, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Edwards, Todd, Damrauer, Scott, Joseph, Jacob, Pennells, Lisa, Wilson, Peter, and Harrison, Seamus

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases, coronary disease, kidney diseases, stroke, Humans, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Prospective Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Stroke, Kidney
Abstract

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank. RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD. CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.

Published
2022

7. Description and Cross-Sectional Analyses of 25,880 Adults and Children in the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases Cohort

Author

Abat, Sharirose, Adalat, Shazia, Agbonmwandolor, Joy, Ahmad, Zubaidah, Alejmi, Abdulfattah, Almasarwah, Rashid, Annear, Nicholas, Asgari, Ellie, Ayers, Amanda, Baharani, Jyoti, Balasubramaniam, Gowrie, Kpodo, Felix Jo-Bamba, Bansal, Tarun, Barratt, Alison, Barratt, Jonathan, Bates, Megan, Bayne, Natalie, Bendle, Janet, Benyon, Sarah, Bergmann, Carsten, Bhandari, Sunil, Bingham, Coralie, Boddana, Preetham, Bond, Sally, Braddon, Fiona, Bramham, Kate, Branson, Angela, Brearey, Stephen, Brocklebank, Vicky, Budwal, Sharanjit, Byrne, Conor, Cairns, Hugh, Camilleri, Brian, Campbell, Gary, Capell, Alys, Carmody, Margaret, Carson, Marion, Cathcart, Tracy, Catley, Christine, Cesar, Karine, Chan, Melanie, Chea, Houda, Chess, James, Cheung, Chee Kay, Chick, Katy-Jane, Chitalia, Nihil, Christian, Martin, Chrysochou, Tina, Clark, Katherine, Clayton, Christopher, Clissold, Rhian, Cockerill, Helen, Coelho, Joshua, Colby, Elizabeth, Colclough, Viv, Conway, Eileen, Cook, H. Terence, Cook, Wendy, Cooper, Theresa, Coward, Richard J., Crosbie, Sarah, Cserep, Gabor, Date, Anjali, Davidson, Katherine, Davies, Amanda, Dhaun, Neeraj, Dhaygude, Ajay, Diskin, Lynn, Dixit, Abhijit, Doctolero, Eunice Ann, Dorey, Suzannah, Downard, Lewis, Drayson, Mark, Dreyer, Gavin, Dutt, Tina, Etuk, Kufreabasi, Evans, Dawn, Finch, Jenny, Flinter, Frances, Fotheringham, James, Francis, Lucy, Gale, Daniel P., Gallagher, Hugh, Game, David, Garcia, Eva Lozano, Gavrila, Madita, Gear, Susie, Geddes, Colin, Gilchrist, Mark, Gittus, Matt, Goggolidou, Paraskevi, Goldsmith, Christopher, Gooden, Patricia, Goodlife, Andrea, Goodwin, Priyanka, Grammatikopoulos, Tassos, Gray, Barry, Griffith, Megan, Gumus, Steph, Gupta, Sanjana, Hamilton, Patrick, Harper, Lorraine, Harris, Tess, Haskell, Louise, Hayward, Samantha, Hegde, Shivaram, Hendry, Bruce, Hewins, Sue, Hewitson, Nicola, Hillman, Kate, Hiremath, Mrityunjay, Howson, Alexandra, Htet, Zay, Huish, Sharon, Hull, Richard, Humphries, Alister, Hunt, David P.J., Hunter, Karl, Hunter, Samantha, Ijeomah-Orji, Marilyn, Inston, Nick, Jayne, David, Jenfa, Gbemisola, Jenkins, Alison, Johnson, Sally, Jones, Caroline A., Jones, Colin, Jones, Amanda, Jones, Rachel, Kamesh, Lavanya, Kanigicherla, Durga, Frankl, Fiona Karet, Karim, Mahzuz, Kaur, Amrit, Kavanagh, David, Kearley, Kelly, Kerecuk, Larissa, Khwaja, Arif, King, Garry, King, Grant, Kislowska, Ewa, Klata, Edyta, Kokocinska, Maria, Lambie, Mark, Lawless, Laura, Ledson, Thomas, Lennon, Rachel, Levine, Adam P., Maggie Lai, Ling Wai, Lipkin, Graham, Lovitt, Graham, Lyons, Paul, Mabillard, Holly, Mackintosh, Katherine, Mahdi, Khalid, Maher, Eamonn, Marchbank, Kevin J., Mark, Patrick B., Masoud, Sherry, Masunda, Bridgett, Mavani, Zainab, Mayfair, Jake, McAdoo, Stephen, Mckinnell, Joanna, Melhem, Nabil, Meyrick, Simon, Moochhala, Shabbir, Morgan, Putnam, Morgan, Ann, Muhammad, Fawad, Murray, Shona, Novobritskaya, Kristina, Ong, Albert CM., Oni, Louise, Osmaston, Kate, Padmanabhan, Neal, Parkes, Sharon, Patrick, Jean, Pattison, James, Paul, Riny, Percival, Rachel, Perkins, Stephen J., Persu, Alexandre, Petchey, William G., Pickering, Matthew C., Pinney, Jennifer, Pitcher, David, Plumb, Lucy, Plummer, Zoe, Popoola, Joyce, Post, Frank, Power, Albert, Pratt, Guy, Pusey, Charles, Rabara, Ria, Rabuya, May, Raju, Tina, Javier, Chadd, Roberts, Ian SD., Roufosse, Candice, Rumjon, Adam, Salama, Alan, Saleem, Moin, Sandford, R.N., Sandu, Kanwaljit S., Sarween, Nadia, Sayer, John A., Sebire, Neil, Selvaskandan, Haresh, Shah, Sapna, Sharma, Asheesh, Sharples, Edward J., Sheerin, Neil, Shetty, Harish, Shroff, Rukshana, Simms, Roslyn, Sinha, Manish, Sinha, Smeeta, Smith, Kerry, Smith, Lara, Srivastava, Shalabh, Steenkamp, Retha, Stott, Ian, Stroud, Katerina, Swift, Pauline, Szklarzewicz, Justyna, Tam, Fred, Tan, Kay, Taylor, Robert, Tischkowitz, Marc, Thomas, Kay, Tse, Yincent, Turnbull, Alison, Turner, A. Neil, Tyerman, Kay, Usher, Miranda, Venkat-Raman, Gopalakrishnan, Walker, Alycon, Walsh, Stephen B., Waters, Aoife, Watt, Angela, Webster, Phil, Wechalekar, Ashutosh, Welsh, Gavin Iain, West, Nicol, Wheeler, David, Wiles, Kate, Willcocks, Lisa, Williams, Angharad, Williams, Emma, Williams, Karen, Wilson, Deborah H., Wilson, Patricia D., Winyard, Paul, Wong, Edwin, Wong, Katie, Wood, Grahame, Woodward, Emma, Woodward, Len, Woolf, Adrian, Wright, David, Downward, Lewis, Griffin, Sian, Hall, Matt, Karet Frankl, Fiona, Maher, Eamonn R., Pinney, Jenny, Tam, Frederick W.K., Wilson, Patricia, Sy, Karla Therese L., Huang, Kui, Ye, Jamie, Nitsch, Dorothea, and Bockenhauer, Detlef

Published
2024
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12. A Mendelian randomization study of genetic liability to post-traumatic stress disorder and risk of ischemic stroke

Author

Soremekun, Opeyemi, Musanabaganwa, Clarisse, Uwineza, Annette, Ardissino, Maddalena, Rajasundaram, Skanda, Wani, Agaz H., Jansen, Stefan, Mutabaruka, Jean, Rutembesa, Eugene, Soremekun, Chisom, Cheickna, Cisse, Wele, Mamadou, Mugisha, Joseph, Nash, Oyekanmi, Kinyanda, Eugene, Nitsch, Dorothea, Fornage, Myriam, Chikowore, Tinashe, Gill, Dipender, Wildman, Derek E., Mutesa, Leon, Uddin, Monica, and Fatumo, Segun

Published
2023
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16. Associations of early childhood body mass index trajectories with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at age 10 years: the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition (iABC) birth cohort study

Author

Megersa, Bikila S, Andersen, Gregers S, Abera, Mubarek, Abdissa, Alemseged, Zinab, Beakal, Ali, Rahma, Admassu, Bitiya, Kedir, Elias, Nitsch, Dorothea, Filteau, Suzanne, Girma, Tsinuel, Yilma, Daniel, Wells, Jonathan CK, Friis, Henrik, and Wibaek, Rasmus

Published
2024
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17. Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort

Author

Abat, Sharirose, Adalat, Shazia, Agbonmwandolor, Joy, Ahmad, Zubaidah, Alejmi, Abdulfattah, Almasarwah, Rashid, Annear, Nicholas, Asgari, Ellie, Ayers, Amanda, Baharani, Jyoti, Balasubramaniam, Gowrie, Kpodo, Felix, Bansal, Tarun, Barratt, Alison, Barratt, Jonathan, Bates, Megan, Bayne, Natalie, Bendle, Janet, Benyon, Sarah, Bergmann, Carsten, Bhandari, Sunil, Bingham, Coralie, Boddana, Preetham, Bond, Sally, Braddon, Fiona, Bramham, Kate, Branson, Angela, Brearey, Stephen, Brocklebank, Vicky, Budwal, Sharanjit, Byrne, Conor, Cairns, Hugh, Camilleri, Brian, Campbell, Gary, Capell, Alys, Carmody, Margaret, Carson, Marion, Cathcart, Tracy, Catley, Christine, Cesar, Karine, Chan, Melanie, Chea, Houda, Chess, James, Cheung, Chee Kay, Chick, Katy-Jane, Chitalia, Nihil, Christian, Martin, Chrysochou, Tina, Clark, Katherine, Clayton, Christopher, Clissold, Rhian, Cockerill, Helen, Coelho, Joshua, Colby, Elizabeth, Colclough, Viv, Conway, Eileen, Cook, H Terence, Cook, Wendy, Cooper, Theresa, Coward, Richard J, Crosbie, Sarah, Cserep, Gabor, Date, Anjali, Davidson, Katherine, Davies, Amanda, Dhaun, Neeraj, Dhaygude, Ajay, Diskin, Lynn, Dixit, Abhijit, Doctolero, Eunice, Dorey, Suzannah, Downard, Lewis, Drayson, Mark, Dreyer, Gavin, Dutt, Tina, Etuk, Kufreabasi, Evans, Dawn, Finch, Jenny, Flinter, Frances, Fotheringham, James, Francis, Lucy, Gale, Daniel P, Gallagher, Hugh, Game, David, Garcia, Eva, Gavrila, Madita, Gear, Susie, Geddes, Colin, Gilchrist, Mark, Gittus, Matt, Goggolidou, Paraskevi, Goldsmith, Christopher, Gooden, Patricia, Goodlife, Andrea, Goodwin, Priyanka, Grammatikopoulos, Tassos, Gray, Barry, Griffith, Megan, Gumus, Steph, Gupta, Sanjana, Hamilton, Patrick, Harper, Lorraine, Harris, Tess, Haskell, Louise, Hayward, Samantha, Hegde, Shivaram, Hendry, Bruce, Hewins, Sue, Hewitson, Nicola, Hillman, Kate, Hiremath, Mrityunjay, Howson, Alexandra, Htet, Zay, Huish, Sharon, Hull, Richard, Humphries, Alister, Hunt, David P J, Hunter, Karl, Hunter, Samantha, Ijeomah-Orji, Marilyn, Inston, Nick, Jayne, David, Jenfa, Gbemisola, Jenkins, Alison, Johnson, Sally, Jones, Caroline A, Jones, Colin, Jones, Amanda, Jones, Rachel, Kamesh, Lavanya, Kanigicherla, Durga, Karet Frankl, Fiona, Karim, Mahzuz, Kaur, Amrit, Kavanagh, David, Kearley, Kelly, Kerecuk, Larissa, Khwaja, Arif, King, Garry, King, Grant, Kislowska, Ewa, Klata, Edyta, Kokocinska, Maria, Lambie, Mark, Lawless, Laura, Ledson, Thomas, Lennon, Rachel, Levine, Adam P, Lai, Ling Wai Maggie, Lipkin, Graham, Lovitt, Graham, Lyons, Paul, Mabillard, Holly, Mackintosh, Katherine, Mahdi, Khalid, Maher, Eamonn, Marchbank, Kevin J, Mark, Patrick B, Masoud, Sherry, Masunda, Bridgett, Mavani, Zainab, Mayfair, Jake, McAdoo, Stephen, Mckinnell, Joanna, Melhem, Nabil, Meyrick, Simon, Moochhala, Shabbir, Morgan, Putnam, Morgan, Ann, Muhammad, Fawad, Murray, Shona, Novobritskaya, Kristina, Ong, Albert CM, Oni, Louise, Osmaston, Kate, Padmanabhan, Neal, Parkes, Sharon, Patrick, Jean, Pattison, James, Paul, Riny, Percival, Rachel, Perkins, Stephen J, Persu, Alexandre, Petchey, William G, Pickering, Matthew C, Pinney, Jennifer, Pitcher, David, Plumb, Lucy, Plummer, Zoe, Popoola, Joyce, Post, Frank, Power, Albert, Pratt, Guy, Pusey, Charles, Rabara, Ria, Rabuya, May, Raju, Tina, Javier, Chadd, Roberts, Ian S D, Roufosse, Candice, Rumjon, Adam, Salama, Alan, Saleem, Moin, Sandford, Richard, Sandu, Kanwaljit S, Sarween, Nadia, Sayer, John A, Sebire, Neil, Selvaskandan, Haresh, Sharma, Asheesh, Sharples, Edward J, Sheerin, Neil, Shetty, Harish, Shroff, Rukshana, Simms, Roslyn, Sinha, Manish, Sinha, Smeeta, Smith, Kerry, Smith, Lara, Srivastava, Shalabh, Steenkamp, Retha, Stott, Ian, Stroud, Katerina, Swift, Pauline, Szklarzewicz, Justyna, Tam, Fred, Tan, Kay, Taylor, Robert, Tischkowitz, Marc, Thomas, Kay, Tse, Yincent, Turnbull, Alison, Turner, A Neil, Tyerman, Kay, Usher, Miranda, Venkat-Raman, Gopalakrishnan, Walker, Alycon, Walsh, Stephen B, Waters, Aoife, Watt, Angela, Webster, Phil, Wechalekar, Ashutosh, Welsh, Gavin I, West, Nicol, Wheeler, David, Wiles, Kate, Willcocks, Lisa, Williams, Angharad, Williams, Emma, Williams, Karen, Wilson, Deborah H, Wilson, Patricia D, Winyard, Paul, Wong, Edwin, Wong, Katie, Wood, Grahame, Woodward, Emma, Woodward, Len, Woolf, Adrian, Wright, David, Downward, Lewis, Chrysochou, Constantina, Griffin, Sian, Hall, Matt, Maher, Eamonn R, Pinney, Jenny, Tam, Frederick W K, Turner, Andrew Neil, Wilson, Patricia, Taylor, Christopher Mark, Nitsch, Dorothea, and Bockenhauer, Detlef

Published
2024
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18. Chronic kidney disease

Author

Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Jafar, Tazeen H, Nitsch, Dorothea, Neuen, Brendon L, and Perkovic, Vlado

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Aging, Hypertension, Nutrition, Prevention, Kidney Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Healthy Lifestyle, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease with no cure and high morbidity and mortality that occurs commonly in the general adult population, especially in people with diabetes and hypertension. Preservation of kidney function can improve outcomes and can be achieved through non-pharmacological strategies (eg, dietary and lifestyle adjustments) and chronic kidney disease-targeted and kidney disease-specific pharmacological interventions. A plant-dominant, low-protein, and low-salt diet might help to mitigate glomerular hyperfiltration and preserve renal function for longer, possibly while also leading to favourable alterations in acid-base homoeostasis and in the gut microbiome. Pharmacotherapies that alter intrarenal haemodynamics (eg, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway modulators and SGLT2 [SLC5A2] inhibitors) can preserve kidney function by reducing intraglomerular pressure independently of blood pressure and glucose control, whereas other novel agents (eg, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) might protect the kidney through anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic mechanisms. Some glomerular and cystic kidney diseases might benefit from disease-specific therapies. Managing chronic kidney disease-associated cardiovascular risk, minimising the risk of infection, and preventing acute kidney injury are crucial interventions for these patients, given the high burden of complications, associated morbidity and mortality, and the role of non-conventional risk factors in chronic kidney disease. When renal replacement therapy becomes inevitable, an incremental transition to dialysis can be considered and has been proposed to possibly preserve residual kidney function longer. There are similarities and distinctions between kidney-preserving care and supportive care. Additional studies of dietary and pharmacological interventions and development of innovative strategies are necessary to ensure optimal kidney-preserving care and to achieve greater longevity and better health-related quality of life for these patients.

Published
2021

19. Association of linear growth velocities between 0 and 6 years with kidney function and size at 10 years: A birth cohort study in Ethiopia

Author

Zinab, Beakal, Ali, Rahma, Megersa, Bikila S., Belachew, Tefera, Kedir, Elias, Girma, Tsinuel, Abdisa, Alemseged, Berhane, Melkamu, Admasu, Bitiya, Friis, Henrik, Abera, Mubarek, Olsen, Mette F., Andersen, Gregers S., Wells, Jonathan C.K., Filteau, Suzanne, Wibaek, Rasmus, Nitsch, Dorothea, and Yilma, Daniel

Published
2023
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24. Identifying and visualising multimorbidity and comorbidity patterns in patients in the English National Health Service: a population-based study

Author

Alexander, Daniel C, Asiimwe, Innocent G, Ball, Simon, Bennett, Frances, Borges, Maria Carolina, Butterworth, Adam, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chopade, Sandesh, Clarkson, Christopher, Cox, Martin, Dale, Caroline, Denaxas, Spiros, Dunca, Diana, Engmann, Jorgen E, Fernandez-Sanles, Alba, Finan, Chris, Fitzpatrick, Natalie, Gallagher, Jean, Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Arturo, Gratton, Jasmine, Gross, Christian, Hemingway, Harry, Henry, Albert, Hidajat, Mira, Hingorani, Aroon, Hukerikar, Nikita, Jorgensen, Andrea, Joshi, Roshni, Katsoulis, Michail, Kuan, Valerie, Kumar, Rashmi, Lai, Alvina G, Langenberg, Claudia, Lawlor, Deborah, Mancini, Mary, Miller, Diane, Ogden, Margaret, Ozyigit, Eda B, Patel, Shilpa, Pirmohamed, Munir, Roberts, Amanda, Ryan, David, Schmidt, Amand F, Shah, Anoop D, Shah, Tina, Sofat, Reecha, Takhar, Rohan, Torralbo, Ana, Ullah, Ayath, Walker, Lauren E, Warwick, Alasdair, Wheeler, Eleanor, Wright, Victoria L, Wu, Honghan, Zwierzyna, Magdalena, Patalay, Praveetha, Nitsch, Dorothea, Mathur, Rohini, Partridge, Linda, Wong, Ian C K, Hingorani, Melanie, and Hingorani, Aroon D

Published
2023
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25. Defining measures of kidney function in observational studies using routine health care data: methodological and reporting considerations

Author

Carrero, Juan Jesus, Fu, Edouard L., Vestergaard, Søren V., Jensen, Simon Kok, Gasparini, Alessandro, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Bell, Samira, Birn, Henrik, Heide-Jørgensen, Uffe, Clase, Catherine M., Cleary, Faye, Coresh, Josef, Dekker, Friedo W., Gansevoort, Ron T., Hemmelgarn, Brenda R., Jager, Kitty J., Jafar, Tazeen H., Kovesdy, Csaba P., Sood, Manish M., Stengel, Bénédicte, Christiansen, Christian F., Iwagami, Masao, and Nitsch, Dorothea

Published
2023
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32. Measurement of kidney function in Malawi, South Africa, and Uganda: a multicentre cohort study

Author

Banda, Louis, Bello, Steven, Branson, Keith, Chisambo, Christina, Chithodwe, Odala, Kanyenda, Charity, Katundu, Cynthia, Kayange, Noel, Kayolo, Marriot, Kuchipanga, Veronica, Kyumba, Dorothy Makoka, Malunga, Adrian, Mvula, Beatson, Mweso, Elisah, Mwiba, Efrida, Ngwira, Lydia, Nkhwazi, Lawrence, Thindwa, Maureen, Adams, Itayi, Barrow, Kelly, Beltramo, Claudia, Bouter, Carolyn, Candy, Geoffrey, Chipungu, Shingirai, Chitagu, Tafadzwa, Dlamini, Phumzile, Gomez Olive Casas, Xavier, Gondwe, Mwawi, Gumede, Pearl, Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa, Kagodora, Brenda, Kahn, Kathleen, Khambule, Lungile, Khoza, Bongekile, Khoza, Dorcus, Khoza, Simon, Khoza, Weekend, Levin, Jonathan, Lesolang, Dorcas, Mabuza, Melody, Maher, Heather, Mahime, Nontsikeleko, Malupi, Willy, Maphatahanyi, Gontse, Mashaba, Nonhlanhla, Mathebula, Gift, Mayindi, Busisiwe, Mdaka, Brian, Mhembere, Memory, Mkansi, Mevian, Mnisi, Rrhandzu, Mnisi, Vusi, Mogane, Conrad, Mokoena, Tshepiso, Ndlovu, Walter, Ndlovu, Zandy, Ngobeni, Fortunate, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Nyiko, Ngobeni, Tsakani, Ngwarai, Ngoni, Nkuna, Doreen, Ntimane, Median, Ntimane, Terrence, Nxumalo, Obed, Ohene-Kwofie, Daniel, Sihlangu, Florah, Silubane, Bianca, Soo, Cassandra, Tibane, Jeffrey, Twine, Rhian, Ubisi, Surprise, Vangu, Mboyo-Di-Tamba, Wade, Alisha Nicole, Wafawanaka, Floidy, Asiki, Gershim, Bukenya, Dominic, Erone, Innocent, Tumwekase, Grace, Kabunga, Elizabeth, Kakande, Ayoub, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kamali, Anatoli, Kiranda, Ronald Asuptas, Kushemererwa, Sylivia, Kwizera, Moses, Nabukenya, Kagina Josephine, Nakimera, Teddy, Naluggwa, Cptilda, Nassimbwa, Sureyah, Nyirenda, Moffat, Nabwato, Rose, Makanga, Ronald, Seeley, Janet, Sejjemba, Nambi Eva, Seremba, Grace, Alumadri, Vincent, Bird, Nick, Fabian, June, Kalyesubula, Robert, Mkandawire, Joseph, Hansen, Christian Holm, Nitsch, Dorothea, Musenge, Eustasius, Nakanga, Wisdom P, Prynn, Josephine E, Dreyer, Gavin, Snyman, Tracy, Ssebunnya, Billy, Ramsay, Michele, Smeeth, Liam, Tollman, Stephen, Naicker, Saraladevi, Crampin, Amelia, Newton, Robert, George, Jaya A, and Tomlinson, Laurie

Published
2022
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38. Changes in the epidemiology of kidney replacement therapy across Europe in 2020—the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: an ERA Registry study.

Author

Kramer, Anneke, Jager, Kitty J, Chesnaye, Nicholas C, Kerschbaum, Julia, Hommel, Kristine, Farnés, Jordi Comas, Alemán, Sara Trujillo, Santamaria, Rafael, Finne, Patrik, Hemmelder, Marc H, Åsberg, Anders, Nitsch, Dorothea, Ambühl, Patrice, Sørensen, Søren S, Sánchez-Alvarez, J Emilio, Segelmark, Mårten, Resic, Halima, Ots-Rosenberg, Mai, Radunovic, Danilo, and Palsson, Runolfur

Subjects
RENAL replacement therapy, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19, KIDNEY transplantation, PERITONEAL dialysis
Abstract

Background In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused disruptions in kidney replacement therapy (KRT) services worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on the incidence of KRT, kidney transplantation activity, mortality and prevalence of KRT across Europe. Methods Patients receiving KRT were included from 17 countries providing data to the European Renal Association Registry. The epidemiology of KRT in 2020 was compared with average data from the period 2017–2019. Changes occurring during the first and second waves of the pandemic were also explored. Results The incidence of KRT was 6.2% lower in 2020 compared with 2017–2019, with the lowest point (−22.7%) during the first wave in April. The decrease varied across countries, was smaller in males (−5.2%) than in females (−8.2%) and was moderate for peritoneal dialysis (−3.7%) and haemodialysis (−5.4%) but substantial for pre-emptive kidney transplantation (−23.6%). The kidney transplantation rate decreased by 22.5%, reaching a nadir of −80.1% during the first wave, and was greatest for living donor kidney transplants (−30.5%). While in most countries the kidney transplantation rate decreased, in the Nordic/Baltic countries and Greece there was no clear decrease. In dialysis patients, mortality increased by 11.4% and was highest in those 65–74 years of age (16.1%), in those with diabetes as the primary renal disease (15.1%) and in those on haemodialysis (12.4%). In transplant recipients, the mortality was 25.8% higher, but there were no subgroups that stood out. In contrast to the rising prevalence of KRT observed over the past decades across Europe, the prevalence at the end of 2020 (N  = 317 787) resembled that of 2019 (N  = 317 077). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the incidence of KRT, kidney transplant activity, mortality of KRT and prevalence of KRT in Europe with variations across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Quantifying and Adjusting for Confounding From Health-Seeking Behavior and Health Care Access in Observational Research.

Author

Graham, Sophie, Walker, Jemma L, Andrews, Nick, Hulme, William J, Nitsch, Dorothea, Parker, Edward P K, and McDonald, Helen I

Abstract

Background Health-seeking behavior and health care access (HSB/HCA) are recognized confounders in many observational studies but are not directly measurable in electronic health records. We used proxy markers of HSB/HCA to quantify and adjust for confounding in observational studies of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods This cohort study used primary care data prelinked to secondary care and death data in England. We included individuals aged ≥66 years on 1 September 2019 and assessed influenza VE in the 2019–2020 season and early COVID-19 VE (December 2020–March 2021). VE was estimated with sequential adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, and 14 markers of HSB/HCA. Influenza vaccination in the 2019–2020 season was also considered a negative control exposure against COVID-19 before COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Results We included 1 991 284, 1 796 667, and 1 946 943 individuals in the influenza, COVID-19, and negative control exposure populations, respectively. Markers of HSB/HCA were positively correlated with influenza and COVID-19 vaccine uptake. For influenza, adjusting for HSB/HCA markers in addition to demographics and comorbidities increased VE against influenza-like illness from −1.5% (95% CI, −3.2% to.1%) to 7.1% (95% CI, 5.4%–8.7%) with a less apparent trend for more severe outcomes. For COVID-19, adjusting for HSB/HCA markers did not change VE estimates against infection or severe disease (eg, 2 doses of BNT162b2 against infection: 82.8% [95% CI, 78.4%–86.3%] to 83.1% [95% CI, 78.7%–86.5%]). Adjusting for HSB/HCA markers removed bias in the negative control exposure analysis (−7.5% [95% CI, −10.6% to −4.5%] vs −2.1% [95% CI, −6.0% to 1.7%] before vs after adjusting for HSB/HCA markers). Conclusions Markers of HSB/HCA can be used to quantify and account for confounding in observational vaccine studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Quantitative Bias Analysis.

Author

Brown, Jeremy P., Hunnicutt, Jacob N., Ali, M. Sanni, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Cole, Ashley, Langan, Sinead M., Nitsch, Dorothea, Rentsch, Christopher T., Galwey, Nicholas W., Wing, Kevin, and Douglas, Ian J.

Abstract

Pharmacoepidemiological studies provide important information on the safety and effectiveness of medications, but the validity of study findings can be threatened by residual bias. Ideally, biases would be minimized through appropriate study design and statistical analysis methods. However, residual biases can remain, for example, due to unmeasured confounders, measurement error, or selection into the study. A group of sensitivity analysis methods, termed quantitative bias analyses, are available to assess, quantitatively and transparently, the robustness of study results to these residual biases. These approaches include methods to quantify how the estimated effect would be altered under specified assumptions about the potential bias, and methods to calculate bounds on effect estimates. This article introduces quantitative bias analyses for unmeasured confounding, misclassification, and selection bias, with a focus on their relevance and application to pharmacoepidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Incidence and outcomes of kidney replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease due to primary glomerular disease in Europe: findings from the ERA Registry.

Author

ElHafeez, Samar Abd, Kramer, Anneke, Arici, Mustafa, Arnol, Miha, Åsberg, Anders, Bell, Samira, Belliere, Julie, Corte, Carmen Díaz, Fresnedo, Gema Fernández, Hemmelder, Marc, Heylen, Line, Hommel, Kristine, Kerschbaum, Julia, Naumović, Radomir, Nitsch, Dorothea, Santamaria, Rafael, Finne, Patrik, Palsson, Runolfur, Pippias, Maria, and Resic, Halima

Subjects
RENAL replacement therapy, CHRONIC kidney failure, FOCAL segmental glomerulosclerosis, IGA glomerulonephritis, KIDNEY diseases
Abstract

Background Primary glomerular disease (PGD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) leading to kidney replacement therapy (KRT). We aimed to describe incidence (trends) in individuals starting KRT for ESKD due to PGD and to examine their survival and causes of death. Methods We used data from the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry on 69 854 patients who started KRT for ESKD due to PGD between 2000 and 2019. ERA primary renal disease codes were used to define six PGD subgroups. We examined age and sex standardized incidence, trend of the incidence and survival. Results The standardized incidence of KRT for ESKD due to PGD was 16.6 per million population (pmp), ranging from 8.6 pmp in Serbia to 20.0 pmp in France. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) had the highest incidences, of 4.6 pmp and 2.6 pmp, respectively. Histologically non-examined PGDs represented over 50% of cases in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Romania and were also common in Greece, Estonia, Belgium and Sweden. The incidence declined from 18.6 pmp in 2000 to 14.5 pmp in 2013, after which it stabilized. All PGD subgroups had 5-year survival probabilities above 50%, with crescentic glomerulonephritis having the highest risk of death [adjusted hazard ratio 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.6–1.9)] compared with IgAN. Cardiovascular disease was the most common cause of death (33.9%). Conclusion The incidence of KRT for ESKD due to PGD showed large differences between countries and was highest and increasing for IgAN and FSGS. Lack of kidney biopsy facilities in some countries may have affected accurate assignment of the cause of ESKD. The recognition of the incidence and outcomes of KRT among different PGD subgroups may contribute to a more individualized patient care approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. Serum potassium and adverse outcomes across the range of kidney function: a CKD Prognosis Consortium meta-analysis.

Author

Kovesdy, Csaba P, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Sang, Yingying, Brunskill, Nigel J, Carrero, Juan J, Chodick, Gabriel, Hasegawa, Takeshi, Heerspink, Hiddo L, Hirayama, Atsushi, Landman, Gijs WD, Levin, Adeera, Nitsch, Dorothea, Wheeler, David C, Coresh, Josef, Hallan, Stein I, Shalev, Varda, Grams, Morgan E, Astor, Brad, Appel, Larry, Greene, Tom, Chen, Teresa, Chalmers, John, Woodward, Mark, Arima, Hisatomi, Perkovic, Vlado, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Zhang, Luxia, Liu, Lisheng, Zhao, Minghui, Wang, Fang, Wang, Jinwei, Tang, Mila, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Umesawa, Mitsumasa, Muraki, Isao, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hamano, Takayuki, Fujii, Naohiko, Wheeler, David, Emberson, John, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, Chang, Alex R, Cirillo, Massimo, Jee, Sun Ha, Kimm, Heejin, Mok, Yejin, Wetzels, Jack FM, Blankestijn, Peter J, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Bots, M, Sarnak, Mark, Inker, Lesley, Roderick, Paul, Fletcher, Astrid, Bottinger, Erwin, Nadkarni, Girish N, Ellis, Stephen B, Nadukuru, Rajiv, Brunskill, Nigel, Major, Rupert, Shepherd, David, Medcalf, James, Gansevoort, Ron T, Bakker, Stephan JL, Heerspink, Hiddo J Lambers, Jassal, Simerjot K, Bergstrom, Jaclyn, Ix, Joachim H, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Kovesdy, Csaba, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, de Zeeuw, Dick, Brenner, Barry, Gasparini, Alessandro, Elinder, Carl-Gustaf, Barany, Peter, Evans, Marie, Segelmark, Mårten, Stendahl, Maria, Schön, Staffan, Tangri, Navdeep, Sud, Maneesh, Naimark, David, Wen, Chi-Pang, and Tsao, Chwen-Keng

Subjects
Kidney Disease, Prevention, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Renal and urogenital, Cardiovascular, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Albuminuria, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Comorbidity, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Factors, Potassium, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, End-stage renal disease, Mortality, CKD Prognosis Consortium, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

AimsBoth hypo- and hyperkalaemia can have immediate deleterious physiological effects, and less is known about long-term risks. The objective was to determine the risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and end-stage renal disease associated with potassium levels across the range of kidney function and evaluate for consistency across cohorts in a global consortium.Methods and resultsWe performed an individual-level data meta-analysis of 27 international cohorts [10 general population, 7 high cardiovascular risk, and 10 chronic kidney disease (CKD)] in the CKD Prognosis Consortium. We used Cox regression followed by random-effects meta-analysis to assess the relationship between baseline potassium and adverse outcomes, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, overall and across strata of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. We included 1 217 986 participants followed up for a mean of 6.9 years. The average age was 55 ± 16 years, average eGFR was 83 ± 23 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 17% had moderate- to-severe increased albuminuria levels. The mean baseline potassium was 4.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L. The risk of serum potassium of >5.5 mmol/L was related to lower eGFR and higher albuminuria. The risk relationship between potassium levels and adverse outcomes was U-shaped, with the lowest risk at serum potassium of 4-4.5 mmol/L. Compared with a reference of 4.2 mmol/L, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.29] at 5.5 mmol/L and 1.49 (95% CI 1.26-1.76) at 3.0 mmol/L. Risks were similar by eGFR, albuminuria, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor use, and across cohorts.ConclusionsOutpatient potassium levels both above and below the normal range are consistently associated with adverse outcomes, with similar risk relationships across eGFR and albuminuria.

Published
2018

44. Comparative effectiveness of second line oral antidiabetic treatments among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: emulation of a target trial using routinely collected health data

Author

Bidulka, Patrick, primary, Lugo-Palacios, David G, additional, Carroll, Orlagh, additional, O’Neill, Stephen, additional, Adler, Amanda I, additional, Basu, Anirban, additional, Silverwood, Richard J, additional, Bartlett, Jonathan W, additional, Nitsch, Dorothea, additional, Charlton, Paul, additional, Briggs, Andrew H, additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Douglas, Ian J, additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, and Grieve, Richard, additional

Published
2024
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48. Description and cross-sectional analyses of 25,880 adults and children in the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases cohort

Author

Wong, Katie, primary, Pitcher, David, additional, Braddon, Fiona, additional, Downward, Lewis, additional, Steenkamp, Retha, additional, Masoud, Sherry, additional, Annear, Nicholas, additional, Barratt, Jonathan, additional, Bingham, Coralie, additional, Coward, Richard J., additional, Chrysochou, Tina, additional, Game, David, additional, Griffin, Sian, additional, Hall, Matt, additional, Johnson, Sally, additional, Kanigicherla, Durga, additional, Karet Frankl, Fiona, additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Kerecuk, Larissa, additional, Maher, Eamonn R., additional, Moochhala, Shabbir, additional, Pinney, Jenny, additional, Sayer, John A., additional, Simms, Roslyn, additional, Sinha, Smeeta, additional, Srivastava, Shalabh, additional, Tam, Frederick W.K., additional, Thomas, Kay, additional, Turner, A. Neil, additional, Walsh, Stephen B., additional, Waters, Aoife, additional, Wilson, Patricia, additional, Wong, Edwin, additional, Abat, Sharirose, additional, Adalat, Shazia, additional, Agbonmwandolor, Joy, additional, Ahmad, Zubaidah, additional, Alejmi, Abdulfattah, additional, Almasarwah, Rashid, additional, Asgari, Ellie, additional, Ayers, Amanda, additional, Baharani, Jyoti, additional, Balasubramaniam, Gowrie, additional, Jo-Bamba Kpodo, Felix, additional, Bansal, Tarun, additional, Barratt, Alison, additional, Bates, Megan, additional, Bayne, Natalie, additional, Bendle, Janet, additional, Benyon, Sarah, additional, Bergmann, Carsten, additional, Bhandari, Sunil, additional, Boddana, Preetham, additional, Bond, Sally, additional, Bramham, Kate, additional, Branson, Angela, additional, Brearey, Stephen, additional, Brocklebank, Vicky, additional, Budwal, Sharanjit, additional, Byrne, Conor, additional, Cairns, Hugh, additional, Camilleri, Brian, additional, Campbell, Gary, additional, Capell, Alys, additional, Carmody, Margaret, additional, Carson, Marion, additional, Cathcart, Tracy, additional, Catley, Christine, additional, Cesar, Karine, additional, Chan, Melanie, additional, Chea, Houda, additional, Chess, James, additional, Cheung, Chee Kay, additional, Chick, Katy-Jane, additional, Chitalia, Nihil, additional, Christian, Martin, additional, Clark, Katherine, additional, Clayton, Christopher, additional, Clissold, Rhian, additional, Cockerill, Helen, additional, Coelho, Joshua, additional, Colby, Elizabeth, additional, Colclough, Viv, additional, Conway, Eileen, additional, Cook, H. Terence, additional, Cook, Wendy, additional, Cooper, Theresa, additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cserep, Gabor, additional, Date, Anjali, additional, Davidson, Katherine, additional, Davies, Amanda, additional, Dhaun, Neeraj, additional, Dhaygude, Ajay, additional, Diskin, Lynn, additional, Dixit, Abhijit, additional, Doctolero, Eunice Ann, additional, Dorey, Suzannah, additional, Downard, Lewis, additional, Drayson, Mark, additional, Dreyer, Gavin, additional, Dutt, Tina, additional, Etuk, Kufreabasi, additional, Evans, Dawn, additional, Finch, Jenny, additional, Flinter, Frances, additional, Fotheringham, James, additional, Francis, Lucy, additional, Gale, Daniel P., additional, Gallagher, Hugh, additional, Garcia, Eva Lozano, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Gear, Susie, additional, Geddes, Colin, additional, Gilchrist, Mark, additional, Gittus, Matt, additional, Goggolidou, Paraskevi, additional, Goldsmith, Christopher, additional, Gooden, Patricia, additional, Goodlife, Andrea, additional, Goodwin, Priyanka, additional, Grammatikopoulos, Tassos, additional, Gray, Barry, additional, Griffith, Megan, additional, Gumus, Steph, additional, Gupta, Sanjana, additional, Hamilton, Patrick, additional, Harper, Lorraine, additional, Harris, Tess, additional, Haskell, Louise, additional, Hayward, Samantha, additional, Hegde, Shivaram, additional, Hendry, Bruce, additional, Hewins, Sue, additional, Hewitson, Nicola, additional, Hillman, Kate, additional, Hiremath, Mrityunjay, additional, Howson, Alexandra, additional, Htet, Zay, additional, Huish, Sharon, additional, Hull, Richard, additional, Humphries, Alister, additional, Hunt, David P.J., additional, Hunter, Karl, additional, Hunter, Samantha, additional, Ijeomah-Orji, Marilyn, additional, Inston, Nick, additional, Jayne, David, additional, Jenfa, Gbemisola, additional, Jenkins, Alison, additional, Jones, Caroline A., additional, Jones, Colin, additional, Jones, Amanda, additional, Jones, Rachel, additional, Kamesh, Lavanya, additional, Frankl, Fiona Karet, additional, Karim, Mahzuz, additional, Kaur, Amrit, additional, Kearley, Kelly, additional, Khwaja, Arif, additional, King, Garry, additional, King, Grant, additional, Kislowska, Ewa, additional, Klata, Edyta, additional, Kokocinska, Maria, additional, Lambie, Mark, additional, Lawless, Laura, additional, Ledson, Thomas, additional, Lennon, Rachel, additional, Levine, Adam P., additional, Maggie Lai, Ling Wai, additional, Lipkin, Graham, additional, Lovitt, Graham, additional, Lyons, Paul, additional, Mabillard, Holly, additional, Mackintosh, Katherine, additional, Mahdi, Khalid, additional, Maher, Eamonn, additional, Marchbank, Kevin J., additional, Mark, Patrick B., additional, Masunda, Bridgett, additional, Mavani, Zainab, additional, Mayfair, Jake, additional, McAdoo, Stephen, additional, Mckinnell, Joanna, additional, Melhem, Nabil, additional, Meyrick, Simon, additional, Morgan, Putnam, additional, Morgan, Ann, additional, Muhammad, Fawad, additional, Murray, Shona, additional, Novobritskaya, Kristina, additional, Ong, Albert CM., additional, Oni, Louise, additional, Osmaston, Kate, additional, Padmanabhan, Neal, additional, Parkes, Sharon, additional, Patrick, Jean, additional, Pattison, James, additional, Paul, Riny, additional, Percival, Rachel, additional, Perkins, Stephen J., additional, Persu, Alexandre, additional, Petchey, William G., additional, Pickering, Matthew C., additional, Pinney, Jennifer, additional, Plumb, Lucy, additional, Plummer, Zoe, additional, Popoola, Joyce, additional, Post, Frank, additional, Power, Albert, additional, Pratt, Guy, additional, Pusey, Charles, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Rabuya, May, additional, Raju, Tina, additional, Javier, Chadd, additional, Roberts, Ian SD., additional, Roufosse, Candice, additional, Rumjon, Adam, additional, Salama, Alan, additional, Saleem, Moin, additional, Sandford, R.N., additional, Sandu, Kanwaljit S., additional, Sarween, Nadia, additional, Sebire, Neil, additional, Selvaskandan, Haresh, additional, Shah, Sapna, additional, Sharma, Asheesh, additional, Sharples, Edward J., additional, Sheerin, Neil, additional, Shetty, Harish, additional, Shroff, Rukshana, additional, Sinha, Manish, additional, Smith, Kerry, additional, Smith, Lara, additional, Stott, Ian, additional, Stroud, Katerina, additional, Swift, Pauline, additional, Szklarzewicz, Justyna, additional, Tam, Fred, additional, Tan, Kay, additional, Taylor, Robert, additional, Tischkowitz, Marc, additional, Tse, Yincent, additional, Turnbull, Alison, additional, Turner, A Neil, additional, Tyerman, Kay, additional, Usher, Miranda, additional, Venkat-Raman, Gopalakrishnan, additional, Walker, Alycon, additional, Watt, Angela, additional, Webster, Phil, additional, Wechalekar, Ashutosh, additional, Welsh, Gavin Iain, additional, West, Nicol, additional, Wheeler, David, additional, Wiles, Kate, additional, Willcocks, Lisa, additional, Williams, Angharad, additional, Williams, Emma, additional, Williams, Karen, additional, Wilson, Deborah H., additional, Wilson, Patricia D., additional, Winyard, Paul, additional, Wong, Katie, additional, Wood, Grahame, additional, Woodward, Emma, additional, Woodward, Len, additional, Woolf, Adrian, additional, Wright, David, additional, Sy, Karla Therese L., additional, Huang, Kui, additional, Ye, Jamie, additional, Nitsch, Dorothea, additional, and Bockenhauer, Detlef, additional

Published
2024
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49. Quantifying possible bias in clinical and epidemiological studies with quantitative bias analysis: common approaches and limitations

Author

Brown, Jeremy P, primary, Hunnicutt, Jacob N, additional, Ali, M Sanni, additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Cole, Ashley, additional, Langan, Sinead M, additional, Nitsch, Dorothea, additional, Rentsch, Christopher T, additional, Galwey, Nicholas W, additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, and Douglas, Ian J, additional

Published
2024
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50. A comparison of the epidemiology of kidney replacement therapy between Europe and the United States: 2021 data of the ERA Registry and the USRDS

Author

Stel, Vianda S, primary, Boenink, Rianne, additional, Astley, Megan E, additional, Boerstra, Brittany A, additional, Radunovic, Danilo, additional, Skrunes, Rannveig, additional, Ruiz San Millán, Juan C, additional, Slon Roblero, Maria F, additional, Bell, Samira, additional, Ucio Mingo, Pablo, additional, ten Dam, Marc A G J, additional, Ambühl, Patrice M, additional, Resic, Halima, additional, Rodríguez Arévalo, Olga Lucia, additional, Aresté-Fosalba, Nuria, additional, Tort i Bardolet, Jaume, additional, Lassalle, Mathilde, additional, Trujillo-Alemán, Sara, additional, Indridason, Olafur S, additional, Artamendi, Marta, additional, Finne, Patrik, additional, Rodríguez Camblor, Marta, additional, Nitsch, Dorothea, additional, Hommel, Kristine, additional, Moustakas, George, additional, Kerschbaum, Julia, additional, Lausevic, Mirjana, additional, Jager, Kitty J, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, and Kramer, Anneke, additional

Published
2024
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