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The essay will address urban sprawl and sustainable land use, particularly within a Swedish context. Our land is a limited resource utilized for various purposes, including housing, agriculture, energy production, and recreation. Urban sprawl, a growing issue both internationally and nationally, can lead to negative consequences in the short and long term. In Sweden, agricultural land has significantly decreased in recent years due to exploitation for housing and infrastructure. Urban sprawl results in a greatly increased demand for and utilization of land, leading to unsustainable land use as valuable land is lost. To counteract urban sprawl and promote sustainable land use, strategic planning and regulation of land development are necessary. Municipalities play a key role in preserving agricultural land and promoting more sustainable development. The essay examines urban sprawl from a Swedish perspective, focusing on three suburban municipalities adjacent to Sweden's three largest cities: Staffanstorp kommun, Kungsbacka kommun, and Tyresö kommun. The essay aims to investigate the strategies these municipalities employ to combat urban sprawl and whether these strategies generate sustainable land use. The research questions address the municipalities' strategies for housing development and how they promote or counteract sustainable land use. The essay's theoretical framework is based on urban sprawl from both an international and national context. Through in-depth document analysis and several interviews with key persons in strategic planning, this essay reveals the challenges and difficulties associated with urban sprawl and the establishment and maintenance of sustainable land use. Some conclusions presented in the essay include the existence of differing perceptions of urban sprawl and a lack of preparedness to address it both internationally and nationally. Despite Sweden's strong planning, concerns persist regarding the continuation of urban sprawl in Europe.

På grund av hög skolfrånvaro i grundskolan har Skolverket tagit fram rekommendationer till skolan för att minska skolfrånvaro. I Studien har därför handlingsplaner gällande skolfrånvaro i svenska kommuner och grundskollärares kännedom om handlingarna undersökts baserat på rekommendationer från Skolverket. Syftet med studien är att analysera om handlingsplanerna överensstämmer med Skolverkets rekommendationer, samt att identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan kommunerna. Det används både innehållsanalys och survey för att studera kommunala handlingsplaner och grundskollärares kännedom om dessa planer. En survey genomförs där grundskollärare tillfrågas om deras kännedom. En innehållsanalys utförs på enkätsvaren och de kommunala handlingsplanerna för att analysera dess innehåll utifrån Skolverkets rekommendationer. Dokumentär forskning används för att samla in material från Skolverket och kommunerna. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt används Skolan som ett löst kopplat system av kapslade subsystem, delvis sammanhängande och delvis oberoende. Resultat visar på ett delvis sammanhängande och löst kopplat system inom skolan, där handlingsplaner och riktlinjer finns men där det också finns utrymme för självständighet och anpassning efter varje kommun, skolas specifika situation och behov. Resultaten stöder tidigare forskning som betonar vikten av lokal kontext och samarbete mellan skolor och kommuner för att effektivt hantera elevfrånvaro i skolan. Studien visar behovet av att ytterligare analysera och förstå hur handlingsplaner och riktlinjer implementeras på lokal nivå. Därtill lyfter den vikten av att tidigt uppmärksamma elever med frånvaro och sätta in tidiga insatser för att förebygga utveckling av frånvaroproblematik i skolan. English title: Action Plans in a Partially Loosely Connected System: An analysis of Swedish municipalities' action plans regarding school absenteeism and elementary school teachers' knowledge (A study based on the Swedish National Agency for Educatio

In accordance with Swedish law, coercive placement in institutional care for adolescents with criminal behavior, substance abuse or extensive psychosocial problems is permitted. The present study aims to investigate factors leading up to the placement of young girls in locked institutional care facilities. The aim is also to examine the treatment and care given to these young girls living in the institutions. As theoretical starting points for this study, Erving Goffman's theory of total institutions and Judith Butler's theory of doing gender are used. Three social workers and one socio-educational instructor have been interviewed to find out about girls' conditions and situation at these institutions. This study is based on a qualitative method, more specified semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted based on empirical data from transcribed interviews, earlier research along with the two theories that are used as theoretical starting points. The findings showed that this institutional care is not a favorable solution in most cases, but rather the only option when the help from the community is no longer enough. The need for care among girls is great and in many cases the girls do not get their needs met or the treatment they need. These young girls have a great need for care and the temptations that await outside the locked institution tantalize many of the former care recipients to return to the same track as prior to the placement, making it easy to relapse. Thus, the conclusion is that there needs to be a change in these locked institutions. Society needs to prevent girls' socially degrading behavior that tends to be the props that girls are placed in the institution for. This needs to be prevented by making visible and paying attention to the needs of girls in practice in good time., Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka faktorer till unga flickors placering enligt 12 § LVU. Tre socialsekreterare och en socialpedagog har intervjuats för att ta reda på̊ flickors villkor och situation vid SiS-institutioner. Som teoretiska utgångspunkter för arbetet används Erving Goffmans teori om totala institutioner och Judith Butlers teori om hur vi gör kön. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metodansats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer för att på bästa sätt besvara studiens syfte samt frågeställningar. En tematisk analys genomfördes utifrån empiri från transkriberade intervjuer, tidigare forskning samt de två teoretiska utgångspunkterna. Studiens resultat visar på att en placering vid SiS i samtliga fall inte är en gynnsam lösning. SiS är det enda alternativet när samhället inte längre kan vårda flickorna utan att låsa in dem. Vårdbehovet hos flickorna är stort och i åtskilliga fall får inte flickorna sina behov tillgodosedda eller den behandling de faktiskt behöver. Detta samtidigt som kontrasten till verkligheten och livet utanför är stort. Frestelserna som väntar utanför institutionen lockar många att återgå i samma hjulspår som gör att man lätt hamnar i samma problematik som före placeringen. Således blir slutsatsen att det behöver ske en förändring på SiS låsta institutioner. Samhället behöver förebygga flickors socialt nedbrytande beteende som tenderar att vara den rekvisit som flickorna placeras på SiS för. Detta behöver förebyggas genom att i praktiken i god tid synliggöra och uppmärksamma flickors behov.

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess vision-related activity difficulties among patients with neovascular AMD using a Swedish version of the mass of activity inventory (MAI). Methods: Participants were patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD receiving treatment for the disease in a hospital in southeast Sweden. Participants completed the Swedish version of the MAI questionnaire. MAI can be used to measure the overall visual ability and visual ability in 4 functional domains: reading, mobility, visual motor function and visual information processing. Best corrected distance and near visual acuity (VA) were also measured. Results: Among the 196 participants (mean age=78.5 years, SD=7.67, 66% female) the median VA in the better seeing eye was 0.18 logMAR (IQR=?0.34), and in the worse eye was 0.54 logMAR (IQR=0.98). The median visual ability for all participants was 1.92 logits (IQR=2.69). There was a significant negative correlation between distance VA in the better eye and visual ability (rho=0.4025, p<0.01). Using ROC curves, we tested the capacity of the MAI to detect cases of any vision impairment (VA worse than 0.3 logMAR in the better seeing eye), the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.717 (95% CI=0.643 - 0.791 p<0.001). When we tested for detection of moderate vision impairment (VA worse than 0.5 logMAR in the better seeing eye) the AUC was 0.738 (95% CI=0.648 - 0.829 p?<0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that the Swedish version of the MAI produce measures of visual ability that are consistent with clinical measures among patients with nAMD. The Swedish version of the MAI can be used as outcome measure in interventions for people with nAMD. References 1. Macedo, A.F. et al. Predictors of problems reported on the EQ-5D-3L dimensions among people with impaired vision in northern Portugal. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20: 132.

This thesis provides an account of the pledge-making and eventual pledge fulfilment of the Swedish government of 2014, which consisted of the Social Democratic Party and the Green Party. It is grounded in the theoretical approaches of the mandate model of representation and promissory representation. It explores whether the pledges these two parties made within issue areas that their voters identified as being the most important in guiding their choice of party were fulfilled at a higher rate than pledges in issue areas that did not guide voters’ choice of party on election day to the same degree. The methodological approach consists of testing whether the pledges from the parties’ election manifestos were fulfilled during the 2014-2018 governmental period, and using multinomial logistic regression analyses to test which factors influenced their fulfilment. The results regarding the influence of pledge importance on the likelihood of pledge fulfilment are conflicting. The Social Democrats fulfilled more pledges than the Green Party, but they were less likely to fulfil pledges in issue areas their voters had identified as especially important in guiding their decision to vote for the party. In comparison, the Green Party was slightly more likely to fulfil the more “important” pledges.

English is used as a lingua franca to communicate when interlocutors' do not share a first language (DeBartolo, 2014). This is prominent in academia, where teachers and students in international exchange programs communicate daily in English as a lingua franca (ELF). Previous research suggests that ELF speakers in this context use discourse markers (DM) as a pragmatic strategy to support their output and maintain a comprehensible discourse. However, most previous studies only used small corpora for qualitative analysis. This thesis adds to preceding research by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis of new data from an ELF corpus previously not used from this perspective. The context of the study is ELF spoken between students and teachers during academic consultation hours and possible pragmatic strategies in their use of the DMs yeah, okay and so. The analysis shows frequent use of DMs for both groups, but, perhaps due to the speaker roles, they favour different ones. For example, teachers use the function to explain and elaborate fourfold to students, this supports the nature of teacher exposition. Conversely, students' most frequently used functions indicate an active listener role, such as signalling receipt of messages. The results from this study indicate that, in an academic ELF context, teachers and students frequently use these DMs as pragmatic strategies to support their output and indicate attentiveness.

Feminist researchers have long argued that refl exivity is key to a responsible research practice. As a method, reflexivity has the capacity to reveal power relations and highlight situated perspectives. Consequently, it has become a mainstream tool in qualitative research. Yet it has also been criticised for producing tick-the-box reflections and promoting a researcher-centric narrative that undermines participants’ contributions to knowledge production. This article takes a sensory approach to reflexivity and considers its methodological implications. Borrowing our interpretation of recognisability from Skeggs (1997), and that of emplacement from Pink’s (2015) conceptualisation of sensory ethnography, we use the compound concept of ‘recognisable emplacement’ as a reflexive theoretical lens with which to analyse the researcher-participant relationship. We are furthermore methodologically inspired by duo-ethnography in that we as co-authors create a collective and reflexive space for analysis. The analysis therefore enables us to illustrate the dynamic negotiations between participants, environment, and researcher, and to shed light on the sensory cues that form these negotiations. Based on an understanding of responsibility as a multifaceted and situated practice we suggest that a sensory approach to reflexivity increases the researcher’s capacity to take responsibility by foregrounding the intersubjectivity of researcher-participant relations., Feminist researchers have long argued that refl exivity is key to a responsible research practice. As a method, reflexivity has the capacity to reveal power relations and highlight situated perspectives. Consequently, it has become a mainstream tool in qualitative research. Yet it has also been criticised for producing tick-the-box reflections and promoting a researcher-centric narrative that undermines participants’ contributions to knowledge production. This article takes a sensory approach to reflexivity and considers its methodological implications. Borrowing our interpretation of recognisability from Skeggs (1997), and that of emplacement from Pink’s (2015) conceptualisation of sensory ethnography, we use the compound concept of ‘recognisable emplacement’ as a reflexive theoretical lens with which to analyse the researcher-participant relationship. We are furthermore methodologically inspired by duo-ethnography in that we as co-authors create a collective and reflexive space for analysis. The analysis therefore enables us to illustrate the dynamic negotiations between participants, environment, and researcher, and to shed light on the sensory cues that form these negotiations. Based on an understanding of responsibility as a multifaceted and situated practice we suggest that a sensory approach to reflexivity increases the researcher’s capacity to take responsibility by foregrounding the intersubjectivity of researcher-participant relations.

Sweden is currently governed by a democratic system with three levels - the local levelrepresenting Sweden's municipalities, the regional level representing the regions in thecountry and the national level representing the Swedish Parliament. This means thatcollaboration is required between the respective levels to achieve economic developmentthrough regional enlargement. This study analyzes the planning conditions that result fromregional enlargement. The planning areas that will be studied are economy, infrastructure andpublic transport, as well as collaboration, which are key factors in a sustainable regionalenlargement. The study will be conducted through a regional and municipal perspective withRegion Skåne, the Malmö-Lund Region and the municipality of Kävlinge as examples. Thetheoretical framework of the study shows that there are developed theories of collaboration -Soft Space Planning and multi-level governance. The theories show both formal and informalalternatives for collaboration between the local and regional levels that differ from traditionalframeworks and rules on collaboration. The theoretical framework also discusses commutingand the expansion of the labor market as strategies for economic growth and development,which are common goals that can be reached by collaboration. The final theoreticalframework of the thesis is based on the idea that place is perceived subjectively. People havedifferent perceptions, values and views on society, which also creates a challenge when itcomes to collaboration on planning issues.With an in-depth document and interview study, this paper highlights the difficulties andstrengths of regional enlargement and its planning conditions. Some conclusions that thepaper presents are that there is a potential for development in collaboration processes and thatsubjectivity is an important aspect to take into consideration. Furthermore, there are a numberof challenges concerning infrastructure, businesses and public transport.

This thesis examines how New public management has affected the governance of elderly care in Swedish municipalities. In recent years, the Swedish media, unions for people working in elderly care and other societal actors, have reported on flaws in both the working environment for the people working in elderly care and in the care that is provided to the elders. This thesis examines how the ideas behind the term New public management are implemented in a public organization that is facing a lot of challenges and therefore is struggling to deliver good quality services to the residents. This is done by an in depth analysis of the governance of the elderly care in a single Swedish municipality, Arvika kommun. This analysis also aims to explore the relationship between the challenges that the Swedish elderly care is facing and the implementation of reforms that are associated with the term New public management. The analysis is based on a model for ideal type analysis and the material that is analyzed consist of a policy document that describes the elderly care in Arvika kommun and transcribed interviews with four informants who are working as managers in the elderly care in Arvika kommun. The ideal types that have been constructed are based on the doctrines that Christopher Hood formulated as the content of the term New public management. The results from the analysis shows that the ideas behind the term New public management are implemented in the governing of the elderly care in Arvika kommun in a large number of ways. For example in the use of explicit standards and measures of performance, private sector styles of management and the disaggregation of units. The most prominent way in which the ideas behind the term New public management are implemented in the governing of the elderly care is in the focus on discipline and parsimony in resource use which is something that affects the whole organization. Like some of the previous studies that examine New public m

BACKGROUND: Parents of young children are a vulnerable group with an increased risk of stress-related health problems compared to adults without children. Low occupational balance has been identified as a risk factor for stress-related disorders. AIM: The study aimed to describe occupational balance in parents of pre-school children and to explore potential differences between mothers and fathers. METHOD: Data were collected by a web-based survey based on the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11). A total of 302 working parents (200 mothers and 102 fathers) with at least one child under seven years of age were included in the study. FINDINGS: Mothers reported lower occupational balance than fathers with a median value of 10 for mothers and 12 for fathers (p = 0.029). Mothers rated significantly lower than fathers in three items; 'Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest and sleep', 'Having sufficient time for doing obligatory occupations' and 'Balance between doing things for others and for oneself'. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that caring for pre-school children may negatively impact both parents, impacting mothers' occupational balance to a greater degree. SIGNIFICANCE: Occupational therapists' knowledge could be utilised to increase awareness of the importance of occupational balance within health services and improve mothers' occupational balance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population., [NO] Symptomer på tørre øyne ved bruk avOcular Surface Disease Index i Sverige: enkort rapport fra en pilotstudieSammendragFormålet med studien var å undersøke prevalens av symptomerpå tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning ved hjelp av en net-tbasert versjon av ocular surface disease index (OSDI).OSDI spørsmålene ble satt inn i et skjema på internett vedhjelp av programvare utviklet av Artologik. Lenken til skjemaetble sent ut via Linnéuniversitetets sosiale media. Bakgrunnsin-formasjon som alder, kjønn og hjemstedsfylke ble også registr-ert.Totalt ble 404 fullstendige svar mottatt, 303 (75%) respon-denter var kvinnelige, median alder = 39 (interkvartilområde= 28–53) år, median OSDI-score = 19 (interkvartilområde = 9–32). Prevalens av symptomer på tørre øyne (kategorier milde tilalvorlige) var 65% (95% CI = 62–75). Forskjellen i prevalens mel-lom kvinner og menn var signifikant (khikvadrattest,p= 0.007).Denne studien fant at prevalensen av symptomer på tørreøyne blant et utvalg av Sveriges befolkning var 65%. Disse re-sultatene belyser behovet for videre undersøkelse av prevalensog risikofaktorer for tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning., Sintomatologia da occhio secco utilizzandol’Ocular Surface Disease Index in Svezia:un breve report da uno studio pilotaRiassuntoLo scopo di questo studio e’ stato quello di investigare laprevalenze della sintomatologia da occhio secco nella popo-lazione svedese utilizzando una versione online dell’ocular sur-face disease index (OSDI).E’ stata utilizzata una versione online dell’OSDI in un for-mato implementato nel software “Survey and report” svilup-pato da Artologik. L’indirizzo online e’ stato distribuito graziealle pagine di social media dell’Universita’ Linnaeus. Anche leinformazioni sulla demografia di base come eta’, sesso e regionedi residenza sono stato raccolte.Un totale di 404 risposte complete sono state ricevute, 303dei rispondenti (75%) erano femmine, con un’eta’ media = 39(rango interquartile = 28–53) anni, un punteggio OSDI medio =19 (rango interquartile = 9–32). La prevalenza cruda di sintomida occhio secco (categoria tra moderato e severo) e’ stata del65% (95% CI = 62–75). La differenza in prevalenza tra maschie femmine e’ stata statisticamente significativa (chi-square test,p= 0.007).Il presente studio riporta che la frequenza di sintomi da oc-chio secco nel campione scelto di popolazione svedese e’ statodel 65%. I risultati sottolineano la necessita’ di investigare laprevalenza e i fattori di rischio dell’occhio secco nella popolazione svedese.

How do today's seniors want to live? A study to facilitate real estate companies´ marketing of concept housing towards seniors. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of elderly in Sweden's population in comparison with the remaining age groups. This increase of elderly is due to the consistent expansion of welfare which has led to an improved health of the population, which has led to an increased life expectancy among the inhabitants. A rising average life expectancy of the population also entails changes in society, which can be seen in the housing market as housing mobility has been shown to decrease with age. It is not uncommon for elderly people to live in their single-family homes for several decades, even though the children moved out a long time ago. There are several reasons for this, including a lack of suitable housing adapted for the elderly, but many also lack knowledge of the different types of housing that is available in the senior housing market, which indicates a lack of marketing by the real estate companies. With a lack of information, there is also a risk of missing out, which leads to the real estate companies losing potential customers as the senior housing market is nevertheless seen as a market with great potential. The purpose of the study is thus to analyze how real estate companies, based on customers' preferences, should market their concept housings in the best way possible. The theoretical frame of reference consists of the main topics that are of importance for the results of the study. These topics are the elderly's preferences on their home, threats and opportunities for real estate companies in the senior housing market, the lack of marketing towards the elderly as an age group and whether activities and services affect the older generation's propensity to move. In the method section, the decision to use a qualitative method has been explicated together with the explanation for the choice of condu

This study examines collaboration between social services, inpatient- and outpatient psychiatric care regarding to discharge from psychiatric inpatient care. The research questions examined in the study were how professionals working in these organizations perceive the discharge process with regards to limiting factors, facilitating factors and their experiences of how the patient have experienced discharge. The study is based on two focus group interviews with professionals working in psychiatric inpatient- and outpatient care and three individual interviews with professionals working in the social services. The results show that facilitating factors for collaboration are clear communication, when patients already have contact with the social services since before, and when the professionals already have an established professional relationship. Poor communication, unclear responsibilities, and lack of respectfor each individual profession, were the main limiting factors. The legislative requirement for a fast discharge process was a limiting factor due to social care efforts long lead time., Den här studien undersöker samverkan mellan socialtjänst och psykiatrisk sluten- och öppenvård när patienter ska skrivas ut från psykiatrisk slutenvård. Forskningsfrågan för studien är hur professionella som arbetar inom dessa verksamheter ser på utskrivningsprocessen utifrån begränsande och främjade faktorer samt hur de tror att utskrivningarna upplevs av patienterna. Studien bestod av två fokusgrupper med professionella från psykiatrisk sluten- och öppenvård samt tre individuella intervjuer med socialsekreterare. Resultaten visar att främjande faktorer för samverkan är när det finns tydlig kommunikation, när patienter redan har kontakt med socialtjänsten sedan tidigare samt när samverkansaktörerna har upparbetade relationer. Bristande kommunikation, oklara ansvar och brist på respekt för yrkesroller var begränsande faktorer i samverkan. Lagstiftningenskrav på en skyndsam utskrivningsprocess var en begränsande faktor utifrån långa uppstartstider för vissa sociala omsorgsinsatser.

En av de stora välfärdssjukdomarna i världen är diabetes, en sjukdom som kan ge svåra och bestående komplikationer. Antalet insjuknande globalt beräknas öka från 126,6 miljoner år 2010 till 191 miljoner år 2030. En av komplikationerna är diabetesretinopati som innebär kärlskador på ögats näthinna. Diabetesretinopati kan förekomma trots att patienten inte upplever synförändring och kan orsaka blindhet. För att upptäcka och förebygga ögonbottenförändringar görs ögonbottenfotografering. Forskning visar att yngre patienter är benägna att utebli från ögonbottenfotografering, vilket kan leda till diabetesretinopati. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa de faktorer som påverkar följsamheten till ögonbottenfotografering bland yngre patienter med diabetes. Studien utfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie. Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier. Emotioner så som rädsla, ångest och förnekelse samt praktiska aspekter var de faktorer som framkom tydligast ha en påverkan på följsamheten till ögonbottenfotografering. De praktiska aspekterna som missad skolgång, arbete och att ögonbottenfotografering endast erbjöds under dagtid utan samordnade besök var några av anledningarna till låg följsamhet vid ögonbottenfotografering. Även brist på kunskap hos de yngre patienterna med diabetes påverkade följsamheten. Denna litteraturstudies resultat kan ge en ökad förståelse för ögonsjuksköterskorna kring följsamhetsproblematiken till ögonbottenfotografering hos yngre patienter med diabetes. Ytterligare forskning inom svenska förhållanden är dock av betydelse., One of the biggest welfare diseases in the world is diabetes, a disease that can givesevere and existing complications. The number of cases globally are calculated toincrease from 126,6-million-year 2010-to-191-million-year 2030. One of thecomplications is diabetic retinopathy which means vascular damage to the retina of theeye. Diabetic retinopathy can exist although the patient does not experience any visionchange and can cause blindness. To discover and prevent fundus changes fundusphotography is performed. Research shows that younger patients are prone to fail toshow to fundus photography, which can lead to diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of theliterature study was to illustrate the factors that affect the compliance to fundusphotography amongst younger patients with diabetes. The study was done as asystematic literature study. The analysis resulted in three categories. Emotions such asfear, anxiety and denial as well as practical aspects were the factors that emerged, mostclearly having an impact on the compliance to fundus photography. The practicalaspects as missed schooling and work and that fundus photography only can be offeredduring daytime without coordinated visits were some of the reasons for low complianceat fundus photography. Lack of knowledge of the younger patients with diabetes alsoaffected the compliance. The literature study results could give the eye nurses anincreased understanding of the compliance issues for fundus photography for youngerpatients with diabetes. Further research within Swedish conditions is thereforeimportant.