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Introduction. Seromas and hematomas of the implantation area are among the most common complications in prosthetic repair of a hernia defect with a mesh implant. The adequate tissue inflammation response to prosthesis implantation is achieved by the local protective role of pro-inflammatory cytokines. With suppression of the body's immune system combined with existing comorbidities, mesh implants result in even greater suppression of the immune system, which is manifested by an inadequate inflammatory response, both local and systemic, leading to the development of complications.Previously, the authors studied the effect of pyrimidine preparation "Xymedon" (INN - hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine) on the systemic inflammatory process after prosthetic repair of anterior abdominal wall hernias. Based on the results of the interim study, it was hypothised: Regulation of the inflammation response to prosthesis implantation in hernioplasty manifested by changes in cytokine concentration in the blood can reduce postoperative complications. The aim of the study was to reduce the number of postoperative complications in prosthetic hernioplasty by regulating inflammatory reactions that occur after mesh implants.Materials and methods. Experimental part of the study. The experiment involved 66 rats, both sexes, pure line, which were implanted with mesh prostheses. Animals in group I (n=33) the control one - received 1 ml of 0,9% sodium chloride solution, i.e. received no specific treatment. Animals in group II (n=33) - the main one - received "Ximedon" 21 mg/day as pharmacological support. Blood sampling to determine inflammation markers was performed on the 5th day after the intervention. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment and the implantation site was taken for histological and histomorphometric investigations on the 5th day of the study. The study was carried out in the SPF vivarium at the laboratory of the Center for Genetic Collections of Laboratory Animals, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. The study consisted of 4 series of experiments (2018-2021). Clinical part of the study. Prospectively (2018 - February 2022), we analyzed clinical outcomes of 101 patients with prosthetic repair (by Liechtenstein, TAPP, eTAR, "sublay") of an aponeurosis hernia defect of the anterior abdominal wall who received treatment in the City Clinical Hospital №7 named after E.L. Berezow. Patients of the "control" group (n=33) received only conventional treatment; patients of the "Ximedon" group (n=68) received 0.5 mg of ximedon 3 times a day for 10 days orally from the first day after the operation. Blood sampling was carried out on the 5th day after surgery. The data obtained were processed and structured using Microsoft Excel 2019 (64 bit), and statistical values were calculated in StatSoft Statistica 12,5 (64 bit).Results. Xymedon has a significant effect on the increase in the area of ​​the vessels of the implantation area in the experiment. Its use is associated with a lower level of C-reactive protein and blood IL-6 on day 5 in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the clinical study ximedon has a significant effect on the cytokine concentration in the blood: C-reactive protein, TNF-a, interleukins 6, 8 and 10. In the experimental study the dynamic of C-reactive protein, blood interleukins 6 and 10 does not significantly differ from the clinical one. In the clinical study, xymedon intake was associated with fewer postoperative complications. Conclusion. The studies performed allow us to consider "ximedon" as a means of pharmacological support for prosthetic repair in external abdominal hernias due to a significant reduction in postoperative complications provided by the ability to regulate inflammation reactions and stimulate reparative regeneration.

It has been experimentally established that the chiroptical characteristics of freshly prepared solutions of trifluoroacetylated amino alcohols (TFAAAs) evolve before reaching equilibrium. The evolution can be monotone or quasi-oscillatory. The latter reflects the formation of successive levels of the hierarchy of chiral phases with an alternating sign of chirality in the solution. The fast (the characteristic time τ from ~30 s to ~30 min) and slow (τ ~ 1–3 h) stages of evolution have been experimentally revealed. It is shown via calculation that the fast stage corresponds to the early stages of the formation of the supramolecular structure of the solutions of TFAAAs, namely, the growth of strings with diameters from several nanometers to tenths of a micrometer, while the slow stage corresponds to the late stages in the formation of the structure of the solutions, namely, the growth of strings with diameters from tenths of a micrometer up to several micrometers.

It was previously shown that different cell types in vivo and in vitro may die via apoptosis under weightlessness conditions in space as well as in simulated hypogravity on the Earth. We assessed survivability of spinal motoneurons of rats after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension. Following weight bearing, unloading the total protein content in lumbar spinal cord is dropped by 21%. The electrophysiological studies of m. gastrocnemius revealed an elevated motoneurons’ reflex excitability and conduction disturbances in the sciatic nerve axons. The number of myelinated fibers in the ventral root of experimental animals was insignificantly increased by 35-day of antiorthostatic hind limb suspension, although the retrograde axonal transport was significantly decreased during the first week of simulated hypogravity. The results of the immunohistochemical assay with antibodies against proapoptotic protein caspase 9 and cytotoxicity marker neuron specific nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the TUNEL staining did not reveal any signs of apoptosis in motoneurons of suspended and control animals. To examine the possible adaptation mechanisms activated in motoneurons in response to simulated hypogravity we investigated immunoexpression of Hsp25 and Hsp70 in lumbar spinal cord of the rats after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension. Comparative analysis of the immunohistochemical reaction with anti-Hsp25 antibodies revealed differential staining of motoneurons in intact and experimental animals. The density of immunoprecipitate with anti-Hsp25 antibodies was substantially higher in motoneurons of the 35-day suspended than control rats and the more intensive precipitate in this reaction was observed in motoneuron neuritis. Quantitative analysis of Hsp25 expression demonstrated an increase in the Hsp25 level by 95% in experimental rats compared to the control. The immunoexpression of Hsp70 found no qualitative and quantitative differences in control and experimental lumbar spinal cords. Taken together our results show that (1) rat motoneurons survived after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension and the changes in neurons had a mostly functional character, and (2) the increased immunoexpression of Hsp25 can be considered as the anti-apoptotic factor.

In the l = 3/m = 9 Uragan-3M (U-3M) torsatron (R0 = 1m , ¯ a ≈ 0.12 m, Bφ = 0.72 T, ι(¯ a)/2π ≈ 0.4), an open helical divertor is realized. A hydrogen plasma with ¯ ne ≈ 2 × 10 18 m −3 , Te ≈ 0.3 keV, Ti ≈ 0.1 keV is produced and heated by RF fields (ω ≈ ωci). The flows of diverted plasma are detected by 78 plane Langmuir probes aligned poloidally in the spacings between the helical coils in two geometrically symmetric poloidal cross-sections of the torus. In measurements of the distributions of ambipolar (e.g. the ion saturation current Is) and non-ambipolar (e.g. the current to a grounded probe Ip) plasma flows, a strong vertical asymmetry of these distributions is observed, its main characteristics being a many-fold difference in the values of Is in the outgoing flows in the upper and lower parts of the torus and the opposite signs of Ip in these flows, with the positive current corresponding to the larger ambipolar flow of the diverted plasma. Reversal of the direction of the toroidal magnetic field results in the reversal of the asymmetry, with the larger flux (and Ip > 0) always flowing in the ion B × ∇B drift direction. On this basis, it is concluded that the asymmetry is related to direct (non-diffusive) losses of charged particles from the confinement volume. This conclusion is validated by numerical modelling of thermal and fast particle orbits in U-3M, where qualitative agreement has been revealed between the calculated distribution of the angular co-ordinates of lost particles and the measured poloidal distributions of the flows of diverted plasma.

The Direct Write Digital Holography (DWDH) technique has been used to print master-original holograms for embossed applications using a 440nm pulsed laser. Holograms were recorded on both Silver Halide photo-plates and Shipley photoresist photo-plates. Shipley photoresist consistently exhibited a sensitivity to pulsed radiation several times better than that observed on exposure to CW radiation. In addition, image quality of the recorded holograms using pulsed radiation appeared very similar to that obtainable with CW exposure. The clear implication is that pulsed lasers emitting at 440nm can replace the CW HeCd lasers currently used for the origination of embossed holograms. Master-original holograms recorded with the DWDH technique are able to record deep 3D imagery. The origination technique described allows the production of master-original holograms with achromatic or full colour images. In addition the DWDH technique allows one to combine achromatic and full colour images on one hologram. As a proof of concept, embossing matrix shims were produced from our master-original holograms and embossed holograms were stamped.

В статье рассмотрено авторское видение Всеволодом Соловьевым и Федором Достоевским польского народа. Особое внимание к рецепции иного славянского этноса обусловлено их польскими корнями. Оба писателя были потомками шляхетских фамилий, но обычно потомки шляхты сохраняют пиетет пред своей исторической родиной и католичеством. В случае с Ф. М. Достоевским и Вс. С. Соловьевым мы наблюдаем обратную картину: в их наследии поляки и католики получали стойкую отрицательную характеристику, причину которой, по мнению автора статьи, можно обнаружить в принятии обоими писателями имперских мифологем, а также в действии психоаналитического механизма проекции. При сравнении романов обоих авторов делается вывод, что Ф. М. Достоевский как классик, в отличие от беллетриста Вс. Соловьева, не проявлял сугубо однозначной отрицательной оценки польского народа.In the article the author's vision of Vsevolod Solovyov and Fedor Dostoevsky of the Polish people. Special attention to the reception of other Slavic ethnic group due to their Polish roots. Both writers were the descendants of the gentry names, but usually the descendants of the gentry maintain piety before their historical homeland and Catholicism. In the case of the F. M. Dostoevsky and the Ws. S. Soloviev we see the opposite picture: in their heritage, poles and Catholics received strong negative characteristic. The reason for which, in the opinion of the author of the article, can be found in the adoption of both writers Imperial myths, as well as in action psychoanalytic projection mechanism. When comparing the novels of both authors concluded that Dostoevsky

For proper reproduction of real-life scenes as digital full-colour holograms, HPO digital holographic printers require a set of scene images prepared according to certain rules. As the visual field of view characteristic of modern digital printers now approaches 100 degrees, previous “camera on a rail” technologies have been largely incapable of generating the required images. Here, we describe a new type of “camera on a rail” device which allows one to prepare high-resolution undistorted image sets appropriate for modern high-resolution high-FOV digital printers such as those developed by the Geola Group and XYZ Imaging Inc. The device described is based on latest generation digital camera technology, a specially programmed linear and angular camera trajectory and software image distortion. The sets of real-life scene images prepared by our device are also compatible with images sets produced by 3D design programs; this allows combinations of real-life and virtual scenes to be printed as digital colour holograms.

We have created a programming tool which uses image data provided by webcam connected to personal computer and gives user an ability to see the future digital hologram preview on his computer screen, before sending video data to holographic printing companies. In order to print digital hologram, one needs to have a sequence of images of the same scene taken from different angles and nowadays web cameras - stand-alone or incorporated into mobile computer, can be an acceptable source of such image sequences. In this article we are describing this DIY holographic imaging process in details.

It was previously shown that different cell types in vivo and in vitro may die via apoptosis under weightlessness conditions in space as well as in simulated hypogravity on the Earth. We assessed survivability of spinal motoneurons of rats after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension. Following weight bearing, unloading the total protein content in lumbar spinal cord is dropped by 21%. The electrophysiological studies of m. gastrocnemius revealed an elevated motoneurons' reflex excitability and conduction disturbances in the sciatic nerve axons. The number of myelinated fibers in the ventral root of experimental animals was insignificantly increased by 35-day of antiorthostatic hind limb suspension, although the retrograde axonal transport was significantly decreased during the first week of simulated hypogravity. The results of the immunohistochemical assay with antibodies against proapoptotic protein caspase 9 and cytotoxicity marker neuron specific nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the TUNEL staining did not reveal any signs of apoptosis in motoneurons of suspended and control animals. To examine the possible adaptation mechanisms activated in motoneurons in response to simulated hypogravity we investigated immunoexpression of Hsp25 and Hsp70 in lumbar spinal cord of the rats after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension. Comparative analysis of the immunohistochemical reaction with anti-Hsp25 antibodies revealed differential staining of motoneurons in intact and experimental animals. The density of immunoprecipitate with anti-Hsp25 antibodies was substantially higher in motoneurons of the 35-day suspended than control rats and the more intensive precipitate in this reaction was observed in motoneuron neuritis. Quantitative analysis of Hsp25 expression demonstrated an increase in the Hsp25 level by 95% in experimental rats compared to the control. The immunoexpression of Hsp70 found no qualitative and quantitative differences in control and experimental lumbar spinal cords. Taken together our results show that (1) rat motoneurons survived after 35-day antiorthostatic hind limb suspension and the changes in neurons had a mostly functional character, and (2) the increased immunoexpression of Hsp25 can be considered as the anti-apoptotic factor. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

We have found a way to use movies made by mobile phones video cameras as the source of information needed for digital holographic printing. Actually, in order to print digital hologram, one needs to have a sequence of images of the same scene taken from different angles and nowadays video cameras incorporated into mobile phones can be an acceptable source of such image sequence. In this article we are describing this holographic imaging process in details.

On etudie l'erosion de composite carbone-carbone soumis a des irradiations ioniques en vue de leur utilisation dans des installations de fusion nucleaire

Recent results of the experimental program on the stellarator-type device Uragan-3M at the IPP in Kharkov are presented. Efforts were focused mainly on optimization of the operation of the frame-type radiofrequency antenna to produce a target plasma for the three-half-turn antenna. Different regimes of the Uragan-3M operation, which are characterized by different temporal behavior of the average plasma density, electron cyclotron emission radiation intensity and particle confinement time, are considered. Elementary atomic processes responsible for plasma creation are studied. The particle confinement time for the Uragan-3M plasmas is estimated. Measurements of energy spectra of charge exchange atoms are carried out. The principal possibility of realizing a 'stellarator–magnetic mirror' scheme as a prototype of a stellarator-mirror fusion–fission hybrid is shown for Uragan-2M. Future plans are discussed.

A one-step digital holographic printing system based on RGB pulsed-laser technology is described. The system is capable of writing full-color composite digital reflection holograms and composite digital holographic optical elements up to a size of 1.0 m×1.5 m at hogel sizes ranging from 0.4 to 2 mm. We also show how the same pulsed-laser technology may be used to generate fast high-quality copies of such holograms. Both silver halide and photopolymer materials are used.