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1. Ibrutinib as first-line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma: a multicenter, real-world UK study

Author

Tivey, Ann, Shotton, Rohan, Eyre, Toby A., Lewis, David, Stanton, Louise, Allchin, Rebecca, Walter, Harriet, Miall, Fiona, Zhao, Rui, Santarsieri, Anna, McCulloch, Rory, Bishton, Mark, Beech, Amy, Willimott, Victoria, Fowler, Nicole, Bedford, Claudia, Goddard, Jack, Protheroe, Sam, Everden, Angharad, Tucker, David, Wright, Josh, Dukka, Vasavi, Reeve, Miriam, Paneesha, Shankara, Prahladan, Mahesh, Hodson, Andrew, Qureshi, Iman, Koppana, Manasvi, Owen, Mary, Ediriwickrema, Kushani, Marr, Helen, Wilson, Jamie, Lambert, Jonathan, Wrench, David, Burney, Claire, Knott, Chloe, Talbot, Georgina, Gibb, Adam, Lord, Angela, Jackson, Barry, Stern, Simon, Sutton, Taylor, Webb, Amy, Wilson, Marketa, Thomas, Nicky, Norman, Jane, Davies, Elizabeth, Lowry, Lisa, Maddox, Jamie, Phillips, Neil, Crosbie, Nicola, Flont, Marcin, Nga, Emma, Virchis, Andres, Camacho, Raisa Guerrero, Swe, Wunna, Pillai, Arvind, Rees, Clare, Bailey, James, Jones, Steve, Smith, Susan, Sharpley, Faye, Hildyard, Catherine, Mohamedbhai, Sajir, Nicholson, Toby, Moule, Simon, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, and Linton, Kim

Published
2024
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2. Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Examining Metacognition in ASD Using Post-Decision Wagering

Author

Carpenter, Katie L., Williams, David M., and Nicholson, Toby

Abstract

It has been argued that metacognition and mindreading rely on the same cognitive processes (Carruthers in The opacity of mind: an integrative theory of self-knowledge, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011). It is widely accepted that mindreading is diminished among individuals diagnosed with autism (Brunsdon and Happé in Autism 18(1):17-30, 2014), however, little is known about metacognition. This study examined metacognition in relation to mindreading and autism using post-decision wagering. Results from a student sample showed negative associations between autism traits and metacognitive accuracy, and metacognitive reaction times and mindreading. These findings were replicated in a general population sample, providing evidence of a reliable association between metacognition, mindreading and autism traits. However, adults diagnosed with autism showed equivalent levels of metacognitive accuracy to age- and IQ-matched comparison participants, albeit only with an overall increase in meta-level processing time.

Published
2019
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4. Fludarabine, Cytarabine, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Idarubicin With Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Improves Event-Free Survival in Younger Patients With Newly Diagnosed AML and Overall Survival in Patients With NPM1 and FLT3 Mutations

Author

Russell, Nigel H., primary, Wilhelm-Benartzi, Charlotte, additional, Othman, Jad, additional, Dillon, Richard, additional, Knapper, Steven, additional, Batten, Leona M., additional, Canham, Joanna, additional, Hinson, Emily L., additional, Betteridge, Sophie, additional, Overgaard, Ulrik Malthe, additional, Gilkes, Amanda, additional, Potter, Nicola, additional, Mehta, Priyanka, additional, Kottaridis, Panagiotis, additional, Cavenagh, Jamie, additional, Hemmaway, Claire, additional, Arnold, Claire, additional, Freeman, Sylvie D., additional, Dennis, Mike, additional, Kallenbach, Maria, additional, Severinsen, Marianne, additional, Holm, Mette, additional, Maxwell Norgaard, Jan, additional, Beier Ommen, Hans, additional, Culligan, Dominic, additional, Tighe, Jane, additional, Craig, Jenny, additional, Crawley, Charles, additional, Krishnamurthy, Pramila, additional, Sadik, Walid, additional, Smith, Jeffery, additional, Dasgupta, Ranjit, additional, Berkhan, Leanne, additional, Bowett, Peter, additional, Doocey, Richard, additional, Emmett, Shannon, additional, Hawkins, Timothy, additional, Patton, Nigel, additional, Pemberton, Lucy, additional, Milne, Alison, additional, Roy, Ashok, additional, Simpson, Sylwia, additional, Cuthbert, Robert, additional, Finnegan, Damian, additional, Francis McMullin, Mary, additional, Pechey, Victoria, additional, Lovell, Richard, additional, Milligan, Donald, additional, Paneesha, Shankara, additional, Cahalin, Paul, additional, Kelsey, P., additional, Ackroyd, Sam, additional, Wiliams, Adrian, additional, Evely, Roger, additional, Marks, David, additional, Fletcher, Andrew, additional, Al-Ani, Maryam, additional, Ahmed, Khalil, additional, Lush, Richard, additional, Rye, Adam, additional, Cutting, Robert, additional, Welch, Emma, additional, Wodzinski, Mark, additional, Butler, Andrew, additional, Fernyhough, Liam, additional, Ganly, Peter, additional, Gibbons, Steve, additional, Smith, Mark, additional, Spearing, Ruth, additional, Peniket, Andy, additional, Hatcliffe, Faye, additional, Patel, Amit, additional, Lindsay, Kathrine, additional, Brearton, Gillian, additional, Tuegar, Salah, additional, Gandhi Anna Cowley, S., additional, Copplestone, Adrian, additional, Hunter, Hannah, additional, Medd, Patrick, additional, Nokes, Tim, additional, Rule, Simon, additional, Thomas, Wayne, additional, Joseph, Joe, additional, Kaul, Stuti, additional, Sorour, Youssef, additional, Chvuka, Shingi, additional, Mangos, Hilda, additional, Neylon, Annette, additional, Farrell, Katrina, additional, Edwards, Hugh, additional, Hanlon, Katharine, additional, Fail, Tom, additional, Goodrick, Margaret, additional, Heartin, Earnest, additional, Hoyle, Christine, additional, Carr, Robert, additional, Raj, Kavita, additional, Krogh Jensen, Morten, additional, Janmohamed, Riaz, additional, Kaczmarski, Richard, additional, Sugai, Taku, additional, Ademokun, Debo, additional, Chalmers, Isobel, additional, Hodson, Andrew, additional, Gomez, Cesar, additional, Sadullah, Shala, additional, Kwan, Mark, additional, Longmuir, Karyn, additional, Wilson-Morkeh, Isaac, additional, Hunter, Ann, additional, Martin, Murray, additional, Saravanamuttu, Kandeepan, additional, Sidra, Gamal, additional, Burns, Sarah, additional, Gibbs, Simon, additional, Tholouli, Eleni, additional, Aldouri, Maadh, additional, Andrews, Vivienne, additional, Eden, Ayed, additional, Dungarwalla, Moez, additional, White, Denise, additional, Laird, Jane, additional, Mitchell, Lindsey, additional, Murphy, John, additional, Paterson, Pamela, additional, Raafat, Alaeddin, additional, Mannari, Deepak, additional, Davies, Simon, additional, Austen, Belinda, additional, Allford, Sarah, additional, Kakalamudi, Sudhakar, additional, Basu, Supratik, additional, Hada, Sunil, additional, Jacob, Abraham, additional, MacWhonell, Alan, additional, McCaig, Alison, additional, Gelly, Keith, additional, Kerr, Ron, additional, Meiklejohn, David, additional, Tauro, Sudhir, additional, Lawes, Matthew, additional, Bowen, Angela, additional, Krishnamurthy, Suchitra, additional, Byrne, Jenny, additional, Dasgupta, Emma, additional, Russell, Nigel, additional, Stokley, Simone, additional, Friis, Lone, additional, Marcher, Claus, additional, Bake, Bart, additional, Chapple, Mary, additional, Moreton, Paul, additional, Omran, Asad, additional, Patil, Kavita, additional, Wright, David, additional, Jack, Fergus, additional, Maddams, Rebecca, additional, Corser, Robert, additional, Cranfield, Tanya, additional, Dignum, Helen, additional, Ganczakowski, Mary, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Craddock, Charles, additional, Moss, Paula, additional, Murray, Jim, additional, Craig, Joanne, additional, Forsyth, Peter, additional, Lush, Chris, additional, Wei Bjerrum, Ole, additional, Borregaard, Niels, additional, Kampmann, Peter, additional, Kjeldsen, Lars, additional, Juul Nielsen, Ove, additional, Niemann, Carsten, additional, Lykke Petersen, Soeren, additional, Udby Peter Møller, Lene, additional, Alfred, Arun, additional, Barker, Helen, additional, Went, Richard, additional, Groch, Henri, additional, Mucklow, Stuart, additional, Sampson, Rebecca, additional, Chacko, Joseph, additional, Hall, Rachel, additional, Walewska, Renata, additional, Creach, Desmond, additional, Pottinger, Bryson, additional, Addada, Juanah (Jo), additional, Hamilton, Malcolm, additional, Kerr, Paul, additional, Ngu, Loretta, additional, Rudin, Claudius, additional, Ruell, Jackie, additional, Dalley, Chris, additional, Kaur, Harpreet, additional, Reilly, John, additional, Snowden, John, additional, Ferguson, Paul, additional, Dyer, Peter, additional, Chandra, Deepak, additional, DeVos, Johannes, additional, Grey-Davies, Elisabeth, additional, Hendry, Louise, additional, Corbett, Timothy, additional, Crowe, Josephine, additional, Knechtli, Christopher, additional, Wexler, Sarah, additional, Fernandes, Savio, additional, Neilson, Jeff, additional, Houghton, John, additional, Jowitt, Simon, additional, Thomas-Dewing, Rowena, additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Zaman, Sonya, additional, Cullis, Jonathan, additional, Everington, Tamara, additional, Grand, Effie, additional, Hasan, Yasmin, additional, Murrin, Richard, additional, Wandoo, Farooq, additional, Ismail, Saad, additional, Mohite, Unmesh, additional, Sati, Hamdi, additional, Jenner, Matthew, additional, Orchard, Kim, additional, Richardson, Deborah, additional, McCloskey, Kayleigh, additional, Xu Chin, Kate, additional, Fenella Willis, Neoh, additional, Sud, Amit, additional, Gharib, Maged, additional, Nicholson, Toby, additional, Bowen, David, additional, Janes, Sarah, additional, Eagleton, Helen, additional, O'Hea, Anne-Marie, additional, Pattinson, Jonathan, additional, Hervey, Victoria, additional, Lyons, Simon, additional, Marshall, Scott, additional, Nicolle, Annette, additional, Vavyla, Maria, additional, Burgess, Jordan, additional, Somervaille, Tim, additional, Somerfield, Sven, additional, Mamat, Mohd, additional, Tomlins, Jo, additional, Salesh, Sana, additional, David, Marianna, additional, Maddox, Jamie, additional, Plews, Diane, additional, Dang, Ray, additional, Potter, Mike, additional, Ellis, Lauren, additional, Nicholson, Emma, additional, Keat, Sally, additional, Ahmed Alhassani, Thubeena M., additional, Anjum, Farahn, additional, Chatterjee, Poulami, additional, Stanchev, Atanas, additional, Peters, Jayne, additional, Lindsay-Holmes Srividhya, Sarah, additional, Chodhouri, Senthil S., additional, Eve, Heather, additional, Smith, Steve, additional, Roberts, Patrick, additional, Rymes, Nicholas, additional, Zhao New Oo, Rui, additional, Ardeshna, Kirit, additional, Blombery, Piers, additional, Khwaja, Asim, additional, Linch, David, additional, Popat, Rakesh, additional, Virchis, Andres, additional, Yong, Kwee, additional, McIntyre, Victoria, additional, Horne, Gillian, additional, Bokhari, Syed, additional, Borg, Anton, additional, Chapman, Oliver, additional, Harrison, Beth, additional, Jackson, Nicholas, additional, Jobanputra, Shailesh, additional, Narayanan, Mekkali, additional, Rose, Peter, additional, Oun, Hajer, additional, Powell, Matthew, additional, Gilles, Julie, additional, Laing, Alison, additional, Devanny, Ian, additional, Haskins, Lea, additional, Micallef-Eynaud, Paul, additional, Maclean, Peter, additional, Alvares, Caroline, additional, Kell, Jonathan, additional, Knapper, Steve, additional, Davidson, Kerri, additional, McLintock, Lorna, additional, Rogers, Stephen, additional, Williamson, Peter, additional, Corbett, Gillian, additional, Goodman, Hugh, additional, Islam, Shahid, additional, Pullon, Humphrey, additional, Johnson, Peter, additional, Roddie, P.H., additional, Maughan, Elizabeth, additional, Mills, Juliet, additional, Shafeek, Salim, additional, Narat, Santosh, additional, Aitchison, Robin, additional, Bond, Lee, additional, Munro, Laura, additional, and Edwards, David, additional

Published
2024
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5. Interoception Is Impaired in Children, but Not Adults, with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Nicholson, Toby, Williams, David, Carpenter, Katie, and Kallitsounaki, Aimilia

Abstract

Interoception (the ability to sense what's going on inside one's body) is considered integral to many higher-order cognitive processes. Some have speculated that impaired interoception may underpin some features of ASD. Yet, in Experiment 1, we found no evidence of a between-group difference in either cardiac or respiratory interoceptive accuracy among 21 adults with ASD and 21 matched controls. Bayesian analyses suggested the data strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, we measured cardiac interoceptive accuracy in 21 "children" with ASD and 21 matched controls. Here interoceptve accuracy "was" significantly diminished in the ASD group and was associated with a moderate-to-large effect size. Results suggest early interoception difficulties are resolved or compensated for by adulthood in people with ASD.

Published
2019
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6. Ibrutinib as first line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma: A multicentre, real-world UK study

Author

Tivey, Ann, primary, Shotton, Rohan, additional, Eyre, Toby A., additional, Lewis, David, additional, Stanton, Louise, additional, Allchin, Rebecca, additional, Walter, Harriet Sarah, additional, Miall, Fiona, additional, Zhao, Rui, additional, Santarsieri, Anna, additional, McCulloch, Rory, additional, Bishton, Mark, additional, Beech, Amy, additional, Willimott, Victoria Clare, additional, Fowler, Nicole, additional, Bedford, Claudia, additional, Goddard, Jack, additional, Protheroe, Samuel, additional, Everden, Angharad, additional, Tucker, David L, additional, Wright, Joshua, additional, Dukka, Srivasavi, additional, Thomson, Miriam, additional, Paneesha, Shankara, additional, Prahladan, Mahesh, additional, Hodson, Andrew, additional, Qureshi, Iman, additional, Koppana, Manasvi, additional, Owen, Mary, additional, Ediriwickrema, Kushani, additional, Marr, Helen, additional, Wilson, Jamie, additional, Lambert, Jonathan, additional, Wrench, David J, additional, Burney, Claire N, additional, Knott, Chloe, additional, Talbot, Georgina, additional, Gibb, Adam, additional, Lord, Angela, additional, Jackson, Barry, additional, Stern, Simon, additional, Sutton, Taylor, additional, Webb, Amy Caitlin, additional, Wilson, Marketa, additional, Thomas, Nicky, additional, Norman, Jane, additional, Davies, Elizabeth, additional, Lowry, Lisa, additional, Maddox, Jamie, additional, Phillips, Neil, additional, Crosbie, Nicola, additional, Flont, Marcin, additional, Nga, Emma LM, additional, Virchis, Andres, additional, Guerrero Camacho, Raisa, additional, Swe, Wunna, additional, Pillai, Arvind Radhakrishna, additional, Rees, Clare, additional, Bailey, James, additional, Jones, Steve Gareth, additional, Smith, Susan, additional, Sharpley, Faye, additional, Hildyard, Catherine, additional, Mohamedbhai, Sajir, additional, Nicholson, Toby, additional, Moule, Simon, additional, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, additional, and Linton, Kim, additional

Published
2023
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7. One step ahead : investigating the influence of prior knowledge on the perception of others' actions

Author

Nicholson, Toby

Subjects
302, Psychology, Perception, Social cognition, Prediction
Abstract

Historically, a dominant view has been that we understand others by directly matching their actions to our own motor system, emphasising the importance of bottom-up processes during social perception. However, more recent theories suggest that instead we actively anticipate others actions based upon intentions inferred outside of the motor system, from social cues such as language, eye gaze and object information. Across 13 experiments, the established representational momentum paradigm, as well as a cross-modal visuotactile paradigm were employed to test the hypothesis that people’s perceptual processes while observing the actions of others would be affected by such top-down cues about the actor’s intentions. We found, first, that people overestimate other people’s actions in the direction of motion. Importantly, these overestimations were directly influenced by social cues. Saying or hearing a word congruent with a subsequently observed action resulted in the action being perceived as further along its trajectory. Second, we found that people anticipate the tactile outcomes of other people’s actions with their own sensory tactile systems but that the mechanisms differed for bottom-up and top-down driven predictions. In a task in which people had to detect tactile stimulation while watching others, seeing impending hand-object contact increased the bias to perceive tactile stimulation, even when there was none, while impending contact that could not be seen but only inferred increased tactile sensitivity. These findings are discussed in the context of recent theories of top-down predictive processing during social perception and from the perspective of multisensory integration.

Published
2015

8. Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth is: Examining Metacognition in ASD Using Post-decision Wagering

Author

Carpenter, Katie L., Williams, David M., and Nicholson, Toby

Subjects
Metacognition -- Analysis, Pervasive developmental disorders -- Diagnosis, Gambling -- Psychological aspects, Decision-making -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

It has been argued that metacognition and mindreading rely on the same cognitive processes (Carruthers in The opacity of mind: an integrative theory of self-knowledge, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011). It is widely accepted that mindreading is diminished among individuals diagnosed with autism (Brunsdon and Happé in Autism 18(1):17-30, 2014), however, little is known about metacognition. This study examined metacognition in relation to mindreading and autism using post-decision wagering. Results from a student sample showed negative associations between autism traits and metacognitive accuracy, and metacognitive reaction times and mindreading. These findings were replicated in a general population sample, providing evidence of a reliable association between metacognition, mindreading and autism traits. However, adults diagnosed with autism showed equivalent levels of metacognitive accuracy to age- and IQ-matched comparison participants, albeit only with an overall increase in meta-level processing time., Author(s): Katie L. Carpenter [sup.1] , David M. Williams [sup.1] , Toby Nicholson [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2232 2818, grid.9759.2, School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, [...]

Published
2019
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14. A retrospective observational study to evaluate the clinical outcomes and routine management of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with idelalisib and rituximab in the UK and Ireland (RETRO‐idel)

Author

Eyre, Toby A., primary, Preston, Gavin, additional, Kagdi, Huseini, additional, Islam, Amin, additional, Nicholson, Toby, additional, Smith, Harry W., additional, Cursley, Adam P., additional, Ramroth, Heribert, additional, Xing, Guan, additional, Gu, Lin, additional, Rajakumaraswamy, Nishanthan, additional, and Fegan, Christopher, additional

Published
2021
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16. A Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin

Author

Pirmohamed, Munir, Burnside, Girvan, Eriksson, Niclas, Jorgensen, Andrea L., Toh, Cheng Hock, Nicholson, Toby, Kesteven, Patrick, Christersson, Christina, Wahlström, Bengt, Stafberg, Christina, Zhang, Eunice J., Leathart, Julian B., Kohnke, Hugo, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H., Williamson, Paula R., Daly, Ann K., Avery, Peter, Kamali, Farhad, and Wadelius, Mia

Published
2013
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17. Predictive Action Perception from Explicit Intention Information in Autism

Author

Hudson, Matthew, Nicholson, Toby, Mckenzi, Rebecca, and Bach, Patric

Subjects
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Motion Perception, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Neurodevelopmental Disorders, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Developmental Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognition and Perception, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology, bepress|Life Sciences|Neuroscience and Neurobiology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Clinical Psychology, PsyArXiv|Neuroscience, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Child Psychology
Abstract

Social difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may originate from an impaired top-down modulation of sensory information that prevents the spontaneous attribution of intentions to observed behaviour. However, although autistic people remain able to explicitly reason about others’ mental states, the effect of abstract intention information on perceptual processes has remained untested. We show that ASD participants (n=23) exhibit a predictive perceptual bias in the perception of other’s actions in response to prior knowledge of an actor’s intentions (“I’ll take it”, “I’ll leave it”), but not in response to the motion of the action itself (reach, withdrawal). Neurotypicals (n=23) exhibit a predictive bias in action perception due to both explicit high-level intention and low-level motion information. Perception in ASD is not immune from top-down modulation. However, the information must be explicitly presented independently from the stimulus itself, and not inferred from cues inherent in the stimulus.

Published
2020

20. A Multicentre, Retrospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) Treated with Idelalisib and Rituximab in the UK (RETRO-idel) - a Cohort of 110 Patients

Author

Eyre, Toby A., primary, Preston, Gavin, additional, Kagdi, Huseini Hatimbhai, additional, Islam, Amin, additional, Nicholson, Toby, additional, Fegan, Christopher, additional, Smith, Harry W, additional, Cursley, Adam P, additional, Ramroth, Heribert, additional, and Rajakumaraswamy, Nishan, additional

Published
2019
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21. Tenant Fees Act is short-term fix

Author

Nicholson, Toby

Subjects
Legal fees, Tenants, Fees, Business, Business, international, Real estate industry
Abstract

It may have taken two years, but the Tenant Fees Act will at last be implemented on 1 June 2019, after first being announced in November 2016's Autumn Statement. It [...]

Published
2019

22. Can You Spot a Liar? Deception, Mindreading, and the Case of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Williams, David M., Nicholson, Toby, Grainger, Catherine, Lind, Sophie E., and Carruthers, Peter

Subjects
Adult, Male, Deception, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Reproducibility of Results, BF, mindreading, Bayes Theorem, social cognition, behavioral disciplines and activities, United Kingdom, Young Adult, Phenotype, lie detection, mental disorders, Psychology, Humans, Female, Students, metacognition, Research Articles, Research Article, theory of mind
Abstract

Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require "mindreading" (the ability to represent others' mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129-1137. © 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD.

Published
2018

23. The self-reference effect on perception: Undiminished in adults with autism and no relation to autism traits

Author

Williams, David M., Nicholson, Toby, and Grainger, Catherine

Subjects
BF
Abstract

Memory for (and perception of) information about the self is superior to memory for (and perception of) other kinds of information. This self-reference effect (SRE) in memory appears diminished in ASD and related to the number of ASD traits manifested by neurotypical individuals (fewer traits = larger SRE). Here, we report the first experiments exploring the relation between ASD and the SRE in perception. Using a “Shapes” Task (Sui et al., 2012), participants learned to associate three different shapes (triangle, circle, square) with three different labels representing self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g., “you”, “mother”, “stranger”). Participants then completed trials during which they were presented with one shape and one label for 100ms, and made judgements about whether the shape and label were a match. In Experiment 1, neurotypical participants (n=124) showed the expected SRE, detecting self-related matches more reliably and quickly than matches involving familiar or unfamiliar other. Most important, number of ASD traits was unrelated to the size of the SRE for either accuracy or RT. Bayesian association analyses strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, there were no differences between 22 adults with ASD and 21 matched comparison adults in performance on the Shapes Task. Despite showing large and significant theory of mind impairments, participants with ASD showed the typical SRE and there were no associations with ASD traits in either group. In every case, Bayesian analyses favoured the null hypothesis. These findings challenge theories about self-representation in ASD, as discussed in the paper.

Published
2017

24. Interoceptive impairments do not lie at the heart of autism or alexithymia

Author

Nicholson, Toby, Williams, David M., Grainger, Catherine, Christensen, Julia F., Calvo-Merino, Beatriz, Gaigg, Sebastian B., Nicholson, Toby, Williams, David M., Grainger, Catherine, Christensen, Julia F., Calvo-Merino, Beatriz, and Gaigg, Sebastian B.

Abstract

Quattrocki and Friston (2014) argued that abnormalities in interoception—the process of representing one’s internal physiological states—could lie at the heart of autism, because of the critical role interoception plays in the ontogeny of social-affective processes. This proposal drew criticism from proponents of the alexithymia hypothesis, who argue that social-affective and underlying interoceptive impairments are not a feature of autism per se, but of alexithymia (a condition characterized by difficulties describing and identifying one’s own emotions), which commonly co-occurs with autism. Despite the importance of this debate for our understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and of the role of interoceptive impairments in psychopathology, more generally, direct empirical evidence is scarce and inconsistent. Experiment 1 examined in a sample of 137 neurotypical (NT) individuals the association among autistic traits, alexithymia, and interoceptive accuracy (IA) on a standard heartbeat-tracking measure of IA. In Experiment 2, IA was assessed in 46 adults with ASD (27 of whom had clinically significant alexithymia) and 48 NT adults. Experiment 1 confirmed strong associations between autistic traits and alexithymia, but yielded no evidence to suggest that either was associated with interoceptive difficulties. Similarly, Experiment 2 provided no evidence for interoceptive impairments in autistic adults, irrespective of any co-occurring alexithymia. Bayesian analyses consistently supported the null hypothesis. The observations pose a significant challenge to notions that interoceptive impairments constitute a core feature of either ASD or alexithymia, at least as far as the direct perception of interoceptive signals is concerned.

Published
2018

30. A unique presentation of destructive shoulder arthropathy in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Author

Howard, Joshua, Mackenzie, Benedict, Nicholson, Toby, Connolly, Sylvia, and Parmar, Rishee

Subjects
CHRONIC myeloid leukemia, JOINT diseases, PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases, THERAPEUTICS, SHOULDER
Abstract

We present a previously unreported case of rapidly progressing, destructive shoulder arthropathy as an initial presentation of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. This patient initially presented to clinic for consideration of an arthroplasty for symptom relief; however, her loss to follow-up yielded a rapid progression of her symptoms. Bone marrow aspirate and targeted biopsy of the humeral head excluded blast cell crisis, in contrast to previously reported cases. She was treated conservatively with medical management of her underlying disease. Although leukaemic arthritis is a recognized phenomenon, chronic myeloid leukaemia is not known to cause bone destruction of this kind, particularly in the absence of blast crisis. Medical treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor provided a dramatic improvement in our patient's pain, without the risk of attempted arthroplasty in unknown bone quality. We describe a unique presentation of severe bone destruction as a manifestation of chronic myeloid leukaemia in the absence of blast crisis. This should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis in joint arthropathy and may be appropriately managed initially with medical therapy, whereas future arthroplasty comprises uncharted territory in unknown bone quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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31. The affordance-matching hypothesis: how objects guide action understanding and prediction

Author

Bach, Patric, Nicholson, Toby, and Hudson, Matthew

Subjects
object manipulation, affordances, action understanding, object function, Manipulation, action prediction, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Hypothesis and Theory Article, object perception, lcsh:RC321-571, Neuroscience
Abstract

Intention understanding lies at the heart of social interaction. Prior research has often conceptualized intention understanding in terms of a motoric matching of observed actions to an action in one’s motor repertoire, but has ignored the role of object information. In this manuscript, we set out an alternative conception of intention understanding, which places the role of objects as central to our observation and comprehension of the actions of others. We outline the current understanding of the interconnectedness of action and object knowledge, demonstrating how both rely heavily on the other. We then propose a novel framework, the affordance-matching hypothesis, which incorporates these findings into a simple model of action understanding, in which object knowledge – what an object is for and how it is used – can inform and constrain both action interpretation and prediction. We will review recent empirical evidence that supports such an object-based view of action understanding. Finally we relate the affordance matching hypothesis to recent proposals that have re-conceptualized the role of mirror neurons in action understanding.

Published
2014
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34. The Self‐Reference Effect on <italic>Perception</italic>: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits.

Author

Williams, David M., Nicholson, Toby, and Grainger, Catherine

Abstract

Memory for (and perception of) information about the self is superior to memory for (and perception of) other kinds of information. This self‐reference effect (SRE) in memory appears diminished in ASD and related to the number of ASD traits manifested by neurotypical individuals (fewer traits = larger SRE). Here, we report the first experiments exploring the relation between ASD and the SRE in perception. Using a “Shapes” Task (Sui et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105, 2012), participants learned to associate three different shapes (triangle, circle, square) with three different labels representing self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g., “you”, “mother”, “stranger”). Participants then completed trials during which they were presented with one shape and one label for 100 ms, and made judgments about whether the shape and label was a match. In Experiment 1, neurotypical participants (n = 124) showed the expected SRE, detecting self‐related matches more reliably and quickly than matches involving familiar or unfamiliar other. Most important, number of ASD traits was unrelated to the size of the SRE for either accuracy or RT. Bayesian association analyses strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, there were no differences between 22 adults with ASD and 21 matched comparison adults in performance on the Shapes Task. Despite showing large and significant theory of mind impairments, participants with ASD showed the typical SRE and there were no associations with ASD traits in either group. In every case, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypothesis. These findings challenge theories about self‐representation in ASD, as discussed in the article. Autism Res2018, 11: 331–341. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary: Neurotypical people tend to find it easier to perceive and remember information that relates to themselves than information that relates to others. Research suggests that people with ASD show a diminished (or absent) self‐bias in memory and that severity of ASD predicts the extent of this diminution (more severe ASD = smaller self‐bias in memory). However, the current research suggests strongly that people with ASD do show a self‐bias in their perception. This research informs our understanding of psychological functioning in ASD and challenges theories regarding self‐awareness in this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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35. A Randomized Trial Comparing Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin to Standard Dosing : The EU Pharmacogenetics of Anticoagulant Therapy (EU-PACT) Warfarin Study

Author

Pirmohamed, Munir, Burnside, Girvan, Stoddern, Jenni, Prince, Clare, Toh, Cheng Hok, Nicholson, Toby, Kesteven, Patrick, Jorgensen, Andrea, Daly, Ann, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse, Williamson, Paula, Eriksson, Niclas, Avery, Peter, Kamali, Farhad, Wadelius, Mia, Pirmohamed, Munir, Burnside, Girvan, Stoddern, Jenni, Prince, Clare, Toh, Cheng Hok, Nicholson, Toby, Kesteven, Patrick, Jorgensen, Andrea, Daly, Ann, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse, Williamson, Paula, Eriksson, Niclas, Avery, Peter, Kamali, Farhad, and Wadelius, Mia

Abstract

2013 Late-Breaking Clinical Trial Abstracts

Published
2013
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36. A Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin.

Author

Piromohamed, Munir, Burnside, Girvan, Eriksson, Niclas, Jorgensen, Andrew L., Cheng Hock Toh, Nicholson, Toby, Kesteven, Patrick, Christersson, Christina, Wahlström, Bengt, Stafberg, Christina, Zhang, J. Eunice, Leathart, Julian B., Kohnke, Hugo, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H., Williamson, Paula R., Daly, Ann K., Avert, Peter, Kamali, Farhad, and Wadelius, Mia

Subjects
*WARFARIN, *DRUG therapy, *ANTICOAGULANTS, *DRUG dosage, *ATRIAL fibrillation treatment, *PHARMACOGENOMICS, THROMBOEMBOLISM treatment
Abstract

The article offers information on a study that compared the effect of genotype-guided dosing with that of standard dosing on anticoagulation control in patients starting warfarin therapy. The study conducted a multicenter, controlled trial involving patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. It found an association between pharmacogenetic-based dosing and higher percentage of time in the therapeutic international normalized ratio.

Published
2013
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37. Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder.

Author

Williams DM, Nicholson T, Grainger C, Lind SE, and Carruthers P

Subjects
Adult, Bayes Theorem, Female, Humans, Male, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, United Kingdom, Young Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Deception
Abstract

Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require "mindreading" (the ability to represent others' mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129-1137. © 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD., (© 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2018
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38. The Self-Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits.

Author

Williams DM, Nicholson T, and Grainger C

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder diagnosis, Bayes Theorem, Cognition, Correlation of Data, Female, Humans, Judgment, Learning, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Young Adult, Autistic Disorder psychology, Self Concept
Abstract

Memory for (and perception of) information about the self is superior to memory for (and perception of) other kinds of information. This self-reference effect (SRE) in memory appears diminished in ASD and related to the number of ASD traits manifested by neurotypical individuals (fewer traits = larger SRE). Here, we report the first experiments exploring the relation between ASD and the SRE in perception. Using a "Shapes" Task (Sui et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105, 2012), participants learned to associate three different shapes (triangle, circle, square) with three different labels representing self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g., "you", "mother", "stranger"). Participants then completed trials during which they were presented with one shape and one label for 100 ms, and made judgments about whether the shape and label was a match. In Experiment 1, neurotypical participants (n = 124) showed the expected SRE, detecting self-related matches more reliably and quickly than matches involving familiar or unfamiliar other. Most important, number of ASD traits was unrelated to the size of the SRE for either accuracy or RT. Bayesian association analyses strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, there were no differences between 22 adults with ASD and 21 matched comparison adults in performance on the Shapes Task. Despite showing large and significant theory of mind impairments, participants with ASD showed the typical SRE and there were no associations with ASD traits in either group. In every case, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypothesis. These findings challenge theories about self-representation in ASD, as discussed in the article. Autism Res 2018, 11: 331-341. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Lay Summary: Neurotypical people tend to find it easier to perceive and remember information that relates to themselves than information that relates to others. Research suggests that people with ASD show a diminished (or absent) self-bias in memory and that severity of ASD predicts the extent of this diminution (more severe ASD = smaller self-bias in memory). However, the current research suggests strongly that people with ASD do show a self-bias in their perception. This research informs our understanding of psychological functioning in ASD and challenges theories regarding self-awareness in this disorder., (© 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2018
Full Text
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