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1. SVM-Based Channel Estimation and Data Detection for One-Bit Massive MIMO systems

Author

Nguyen, LV, Swindlehurst, AL, and Nguyen, DHN

Subjects
Channel estimation, Support vector machines, Massive MIMO, OFDM, Power demand, Maximum likelihood estimation, Base stations, data detection, machine learning, massive MIMO, one -bit ADCs, support vector machine, eess.SP, Networking & Telecommunications
Abstract

The use of low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) is a practical solution for reducing cost and power consumption for massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. However, the severe nonlinearity of low-resolution ADCs causes significant distortions in the received signals and makes the channel estimation and data detection tasks much more challenging. In this paper, we show how Support Vector Machine (SVM), a well-known supervised-learning technique in machine learning, can be exploited to provide efficient and robust channel estimation and data detection in massive MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs. First, the problem of channel estimation for uncorrelated channels is formulated as a conventional SVM problem. The objective function of this SVM problem is then modified for estimating spatially correlated channels. Next, a two-stage detection algorithm is proposed where SVM is further exploited in the first stage. The performance of the proposed data detection method is very close to that of Maximum-Likelihood (ML) data detection when the channel is perfectly known. We also propose an SVM-based joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection (CE-DD) method, which makes use of both the to-be-decoded data vectors and the pilot data vectors to improve the estimation and detection performance. Finally, an extension of the proposed methods to OFDM systems with frequency-selective fading channels is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are efficient and robust, and also outperform existing ones.

Published
2021

2. Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning for MIMO Blind Detection with Low-Resolution ADCs

Author

Nguyen, LV, Ngo, DT, Tran, NH, Swindlehurst, AL, and Nguyen, DHN

Subjects
MIMO, low-resolution ADCs, blind detection, non-coherent detection, learning techniques, eess.SP, cs.IT, math.IT, Networking & Telecommunications, Distributed Computing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Communications Technologies
Abstract

The use of low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is considered to be an effective technique to reduce the power consumption and hardware complexity of wireless transceivers. However, in systems with low-resolution ADCs, obtaining channel state information (CSI) is difficult due to significant distortions in the received signals. The primary motivation of this paper is to show that learning techniques can mitigate the impact of CSI unavailability. We study the blind detection problem in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with low-resolution ADCs using learning approaches. Two methods, which employ a sequence of pilot symbol vectors as the initial training data, are proposed. The first method exploits the use of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to obtain more training data, which helps improve the detection accuracy. The second method is based on the perspective that the to-be-decoded data can itself assist the learning process, so no further training information is required except the pilot sequence. For the case of 1-bit ADCs, we provide a performance analysis of the vector error rate for the proposed methods. Based on the analytical results, a criterion for designing transmitted signals is also presented. Simulation results show that the proposed methods outperform existing techniques and are also more robust.

Published
2020

3. Intelligent path planning for civil infrastructure inspection with multi-rotor aerial vehicles

Author

Nguyen, LV, Le, TH, Torres Herrera, I, Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Nguyen, LV, Le, TH, Torres Herrera, I, Kwok, NM, and Ha, QP

Abstract

AbstractThis paper presents the development of algorithms for high-level control and intelligent path planning of multi-rotor aerial vehicles (MAVs) in the tasks of inspecting civil infrastructure. After revisiting the multicopter modeling, we describe the hierarchy of high-level control for MAVs and develop optimization algorithms for generating optimal paths and enabling automatic flight during inspection tasks, making use of the digital twin technology. A co-simulation framework is then established to simulate and evaluate inspection mission scenarios, integrating these essential components. Real-world examples from built infrastructure illustrate this concept. An advantage of this approach is its ability to rigorously test, validate, verify, and evaluate MAV operations under abnormal conditions without requiring physical implementation or field tests. This significantly reduces testing efforts throughout the development cycle, ensuring optimal cooperation, safety, smoothness, fault tolerance, and energy efficiency. The methodology is validated through simulations and real-world inspection of a monorail bridge.

Published
2024

5. Monorail bridge inspection using digitally-twinned UAVs

Author

Truong, NV, Ha, Q, Nguyen, LV, Le, TH, Nguyen, TD, Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Truong, NV, Ha, Q, Nguyen, LV, Le, TH, Nguyen, TD, Kwok, NM, and Ha, QP

Abstract

This paper introduces a comprehensive approach to monorail bridge inspection utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and digital twin technology. The autonomous UAV-based inspection design encompasses UAV dynamics, tracking control, path planning, and task execution. A dedicated digital twin platform is developed to facilitate rigorous testing and verification of UAV control, mitigating the necessity for extensive physical testing. Methodology validation is achieved through a combination of simulations and real-world experiments, affirming its efficacy in authentic scenarios and demonstrating the potential for advancing infrastructure inspection practices.

Published
2024

8. Impact of low‐level viraemia on virological failure among Asian children with perinatally acquired HIV on first‐line combination antiretroviral treatment: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study

Author

Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya, Teeraananchai, Sirinya, Kariminia, Azar, Lapphra, Keswadee, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Fong, Moy S., Hansudewechakul, Rawiwan, Bunupuradah, Torsak, Ly, Penh Sun, Nallusamy, Revathy A., Sohn, Annette H., Sirisanthana, Virat, Tucker, J, Kumarasamy, N, Ezhilarasi, C, Kinikar, A, Mave, V, Nimkar, S, Kurniati, N, Muktiarti, D, Fong, Sm, Lim, M, Daut, F, Mohamad, P, Mohamed, Tj, Nallusamy, R, Sudjaritruk, T, Sirisanthana, V, Aurpibul, L, Ounchanum, P, Hansudewechakul, R, Denjanta, S, Kongphonoi, A, Lumbiganon, P, Kosalaraksa, P, Tharnprisan, P, Udomphanit, T, Jourdain, G, Puthanakit, T, Anugulruengkit, S, Jantarabenjakul, W, Nadsasarn, R, Chokephaibulkit, K, Lapphra, K, Phongsamart, W, Sricharoenchai, S, Truong, Kh, Du, Qt, Nguyen, Ch, Do, Vc, Ha, Tm, Nguyen, Lv, Khu, Dtk, Nguyen, Lt, Le, On, Sohn, Ah, Ross, Jl, Suwanlerk, T, Law, Mg, and Kariminia, A

Subjects
Maternal-fetal exchange -- Health aspects, HIV infection in children -- Development and progression -- Drug therapy, Antiviral agents -- Patient outcomes, Viremia -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: The clinical relevance of low‐level viraemia (LLV) and virological outcomes among children living with HIV (CLHIV) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the impact of LLV on virological failure (VF) among Asian CLHIV on first‐line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods: CLHIV aged 14 days, or received treatment and care at sites with a pVL lower limit of detection >50 copies/mL were excluded. LLV was defined as a pVL 50 to 1000 copies/mL, and VF as a single pVL >1000 copies/mL. Baseline was the time of the second pVL < 50 copies/mL. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess the association between LLV and VF. Results: From January 2008 to September 2016, 508 CLHIV (55% female) were eligible for the study. At baseline, the median age was 9.6 (IQR: 7.0 to 12.3) years, cART duration was 1.4 (IQR: 1.3 to 1.8) years, 97% of CLHIV were on non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based regimens, and the median CD4 was 25% (IQR: 20% to 30%). Over a median follow‐up time of 6.0 (IQR: 3.1 to 8.9) years from baseline, 86 CLHIV (17%) had ever experienced LLV, of whom 32 (37%) had multiple LLV episodes. Female sex, living in Malaysia (compared to Cambodia), having family members other than biological parents/grandparents as a primary caregiver, and baseline CD4 < 25% increased risk of LLV. Overall, 115 children (23%) developed VF, corresponding to a rate of 4.0 (95%CI: 3.4 to 4.9) per 100 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU). VF was greater among children who had ever experienced LLV compared with those who maintained virological suppression throughout the study period (8.9 vs. 3.3 per 100 PYFU; p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, ever experiencing LLV was associated with increased risk of subsequent VF (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.01; 95%CI: 1.97 to 4.60). Conclusions: LLV increased the risk of subsequent VF among Asian CLHIV who had previously been suppressed on first‐line cART. Adherence interventions and additional targeted pVL monitoring may be warranted among children with LLV to facilitate early detection of VF., INTRODUCTION HIV plasma viral load (pVL) is an important tool to monitor treatment response and assess medication adherence in people living with HIV. One of the primary aims of combination [...]

Published
2020
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9. Linear and deep neural network-based receivers for massive MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs

Author

Nguyen, LV, Nguyen, LV, Swindlehurst, AL, Nguyen, DHN, Nguyen, LV, Nguyen, LV, Swindlehurst, AL, and Nguyen, DHN

Abstract

The use of one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is a practical solution for reducing cost and power consumption in massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. However, the distortion caused by one-bit ADCs makes the data detection task much more challenging. In this paper, we propose a two-stage detection method for massive MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs. In the first stage, we present several linear receivers based on the Bussgang decomposition that show significant performance gains over conventional linear receivers. Next, we reformulate the maximum-likelihood (ML) detection problem to address its non-robustness. Based on the reformulated ML detection problem, we propose a model-driven deep neural network-based detector, namely OBMNet, whose performance is comparable with an existing support vector machine-based receiver, albeit with a much lower computational complexity. A nearest-neighbor search method is then proposed for the second stage to refine the first stage solution. Unlike existing search methods that typically perform the search over a large candidate set, the proposed search method generates a limited number of most likely candidates and thus limits the search complexity. Numerical results confirm the low complexity, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed two-stage detection method.

Published
2021

10. UAV Target Tracking using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Author

Herrera, IT, Nguyen, LV, Le, T, Aguilera, RP, Ha, Q, Herrera, IT, Nguyen, LV, Le, T, Aguilera, RP, and Ha, Q

Abstract

This paper presents a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) formulation for the attitude control of a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tracking a ground target. The vehicle is required to orbit around the target and as such, the tracking system can be modeled in two dimensions, namely the range and bearing angle. The system constraints are considered to account for real-world limitations. Subject to these constraints, the optimal input is obtained from solving a quadratic cost function. Extensive simulation was conducted for several case studies with various trajectories of the target, given position measurements of the UAV. The control development is then applied to track an estimated path taken from a mining truck during operation. The proposed control formulation is compared with a standard linear Model Predictive Control (MPC). The numerical results show that NMPC can cope with both constraints and nonlinearities, resulting in highly accurate tracking even when the UAV initial position is far away from the target, and overcoming poor tracking performance when using linear MPC. Using the current hardware standards, a quantitative analysis is also provided based on the required execution time for solving the constrained quadratic optimization problem at each sampling instant.

Published
2022

12. Stag hunt game-based approach for cooperative UAVs

Author

Nguyen, LV, Herrera, IT, Le, TH, Phung, DM, Aguilera, RP, Ha, QP, Nguyen, LV, Herrera, IT, Le, TH, Phung, DM, Aguilera, RP, and Ha, QP

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being employed in many areas such as photography, emergency, entertainment, defence, agriculture, forestry, mining and construction. Over the last decade, UAV technology hasfound applicationsin numerous construction project phases, ranging from site mapping, progress monitoring, building inspection, damage assessments, and material delivery. While extensive studies have been conducted on the advantages of UAVs for various construction-related processes, studies on UAV collaboration to improve the task capacity and efficiency are still scarce. This paper proposes a new cooperative path planning algorithm for multiple UAVs based on the stag hunt game and particle swarm optimization (PSO). First, a cost function for each UAV is defined, incorporating multiple objectives and constraints. The UAV game framework is then developed to formulate the multi-UAV path planning into the problem of finding payoff-dominant e quilibrium. Next, a PSO-based algorithm is proposed to obtain optimal paths for the UAVs. Simulation results for a large construction site inspected by three UAVs indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in generating feasible and efficient flight paths for UAV formation during the inspection task.

Published
2022

13. Aerosolisation during tracheal intubation and extubation in an operating theatre setting

Author

Dhillon, RS, Rowin, WA, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Phan, TD, Nguyen, LV, Wynne, DD, Scott, DA, Dhillon, RS, Rowin, WA, Humphries, RS, Kevin, K, Ward, JD, Phan, TD, Nguyen, LV, Wynne, DD, and Scott, DA

Abstract

Aerosol-generating procedures such as tracheal intubation and extubation pose a potential risk to healthcare workers because of the possibility of airborne transmission of infection. Detailed characterisation of aerosol quantities, particle size and generating activities has been undertaken in a number of simulations but not in actual clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the processes of facemask ventilation, tracheal intubation and extubation generate aerosols in clinical practice, and to characterise any aerosols produced. In this observational study, patients scheduled to undergo elective endonasal pituitary surgery without symptoms of COVID-19 were recruited. Airway management including tracheal intubation and extubation was performed in a standard positive pressure operating room with aerosols detected using laser-based particle image velocimetry to detect larger particles, and spectrometry with continuous air sampling to detect smaller particles. A total of 482,960 data points were assessed for complete procedures in three patients. Facemask ventilation, tracheal tube insertion and cuff inflation generated small particles 30-300 times above background noise that remained suspended in airflows and spread from the patient's facial region throughout the confines of the operating theatre. Safe clinical practice of these procedures should reflect these particle profiles. This adds to data that inform decisions regarding the appropriate precautions to take in a real-world setting.

Published
2021

15. Iterative learning sliding mode control for uav trajectory tracking

Author

Nguyen, LV, Phung, MD, Ha, QP, Nguyen, LV, Phung, MD, and Ha, QP

Abstract

This paper presents a novel iterative learning sliding mode controller (ILSMC) that can be applied to the trajectory tracking of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances. Here, the proposed ILSMC is integrated in the outer loop of a controlled system. The control development, conducted in the discrete-time domain, does not require a priori information of the disturbance bound as with conventional SMC techniques. It only involves an equivalent control term for the desired dynamics in the closed loop and an iterative learning term to drive the system state toward the sliding surface to maintain robust performance. By learning from previous iterations, the ILSMC can yield very accurate tracking performance when a sliding mode is induced without control chattering. The design is then applied to the attitude control of a 3DR Solo UAV with a built-in PID controller. The simulation results and experimental validation with real-time data demonstrate the advantages of the proposed control scheme over existing techniques.

Published
2021

17. Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Hankey, GJ, Hackett, ML, Almeida, OP, Flicker, L, Mead, GE, Dennis, MS, Etherton-Beer, C, Ford, AH, Billot, L, Jan, S, Lung, T, Murray, V, Lundström, E, Anderson, CS, Herbert, R, Carter, G, Donnan, GA, Nguyen, HT, Gommans, J, Yi, Q, Li, Q, Bompoint, S, Barrett, S, Claxton, A, O'Dea, J, Tang, M, Williams, C, Peterson, S, Drummond, C, Hong, UH, Le, LTM, Ngo, TTB, Mai, YB, Han, HT, Truong, NQ, Ngo, HT, Nguyen, TB, Ha, OTK, Nguyen, TLH, Lindley, RI, New, P, Lee, A, Tran, TT, Le, LTTM, Kieu, TLV, Nguyen, SV, Nguyen, TAD, Dang, TN, Phan, HTT, Vo, LTN, Nguyen, MH, Dang, HC, Tran, HT, Dam, LTC, Ngo, TTK, Pham, TNT, Pham, BN, Dao, NTT, Le, LTC, Do, CM, Huynh, HQ, Tran, GTK, Le, OT, Tran, LTK, Duong, CD, Kieu, DV, Le, N, Nguyen, HN, Le, BV, Nguyen, LT, Nguyen, LV, Dinh, TQ, Vo, TV, Bui, TN, Hoang, UTT, Nguyen, HTT, Lam, NT, Le, KK, Trinh, PT, Nguyen, TTT, Lu, HN, Pham, TH, Nguyen, SH, Le, NH, Nguyen, GT, Doan, BT, Pham, SP, Luong, DH, Mai, HV, Tran, TV, Do, PT, Le, HT, Nguyen, CV, Nguyen, PD, Mai, TD, Dao, PV, Hankey, GJ, Hackett, ML, Almeida, OP, Flicker, L, Mead, GE, Dennis, MS, Etherton-Beer, C, Ford, AH, Billot, L, Jan, S, Lung, T, Murray, V, Lundström, E, Anderson, CS, Herbert, R, Carter, G, Donnan, GA, Nguyen, HT, Gommans, J, Yi, Q, Li, Q, Bompoint, S, Barrett, S, Claxton, A, O'Dea, J, Tang, M, Williams, C, Peterson, S, Drummond, C, Hong, UH, Le, LTM, Ngo, TTB, Mai, YB, Han, HT, Truong, NQ, Ngo, HT, Nguyen, TB, Ha, OTK, Nguyen, TLH, Lindley, RI, New, P, Lee, A, Tran, TT, Le, LTTM, Kieu, TLV, Nguyen, SV, Nguyen, TAD, Dang, TN, Phan, HTT, Vo, LTN, Nguyen, MH, Dang, HC, Tran, HT, Dam, LTC, Ngo, TTK, Pham, TNT, Pham, BN, Dao, NTT, Le, LTC, Do, CM, Huynh, HQ, Tran, GTK, Le, OT, Tran, LTK, Duong, CD, Kieu, DV, Le, N, Nguyen, HN, Le, BV, Nguyen, LT, Nguyen, LV, Dinh, TQ, Vo, TV, Bui, TN, Hoang, UTT, Nguyen, HTT, Lam, NT, Le, KK, Trinh, PT, Nguyen, TTT, Lu, HN, Pham, TH, Nguyen, SH, Le, NH, Nguyen, GT, Doan, BT, Pham, SP, Luong, DH, Mai, HV, Tran, TV, Do, PT, Le, HT, Nguyen, CV, Nguyen, PD, Mai, TD, and Dao, PV

Abstract

Background: Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods: AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings: Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, p

Published
2020

18. Efficient Sensor Deployments for Spatio-Temporal Environmental Monitoring

Author

Nguyen, LV, Hu, G, Spanos, CJ, Nguyen, LV, Hu, G, and Spanos, CJ

Abstract

IEEE This paper addresses the problem of efficiently deploying sensors in spatial environments, e.g., buildings, for the purposes of monitoring spatio-temporal environmental phenomena. By modeling the environmental fields using spatio-temporal Gaussian processes, a new and efficient optimality-cost function of minimizing prediction uncertainties is proposed to find the best sensor locations. Though the environmental processes spatially and temporally vary, the proposed approach of choosing sensor positions is proven not to be affected by time variations, which significantly reduces computational complexity of the optimization problem. The sensor deployment optimization problem is then solved by a practical and feasible polynomial algorithm, where its solutions are theoretically proven to be guaranteed. The proposed method is also theoretically and experimentally compared with the existing works. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by implementation in a real tested space in a university building, where the obtained results are highly promising.

Published
2018

19. Efficient approach for maximizing lifespan in wireless sensor networks by using mobile sinks

Author

Nguyen, HT, Nguyen, LV, and Le, HX

Subjects
Networking & Telecommunications
Abstract

Recently, sink mobility has been shown to be highly beneficial in improving network lifetime in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Numerous studies have exploited mobile sinks (MSs) to collect sensed data in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce WSN operational costs. However, there have been few studies on the effectiveness of MS operation on WSN closed operating cycles. Therefore, it is important to investigate how data is collected and how to plan the trajectory of the MS in order to gather data in time, reduce energy consumption, and improve WSN network lifetime. In this study, we combine two methods, the cluster-head election algorithm and the MS trajectory optimization algorithm, to propose the optimal MS movement strategy. This study aims to provide a closed operating cycle for WSNs, by which the energy consumption and running time of a WSN is minimized during the cluster election and data gathering periods. Furthermore, our flexible MS movement scenarios achieve both a long network lifetime and an optimal MS schedule. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves better performance than other well-known algorithms.

Published
2017

20. Utilization of Next-Generation Deep Sequencing to Analyze BCR-ABL1 Kinase Domain Mutation for Imatinib-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Vietnam

Author

Nguyen Ta, Hong Th, Nguyen Lv, Cuong Nguyen, Pham Ht, Tran Hc, Trinh Htt, Truong Hn, Le Tq, Bach Kq, Pham Hq, Duong Cq, Nguyen Tt, and Nguyen Th

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Sanger sequencing, Sequence analysis, Myeloid leukemia, Biology, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, DNA sequencing, Deep sequencing, Fusion gene, 03 medical and health sciences, Leukemia, symbols.namesake, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, symbols, Exome sequencing
Abstract

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by the presence of chromosomal translocation t(9; 22)(q34; q11). This is found in over 95% of the cases and results in the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein with high tyrosine kinase activity. During the last decades, imatinib and other generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitor have been used effectively for target therapy of the disease. However, many of the drug resistant cases have been reported recently, due to the mutation within kinase domain of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. In order to provide further information about this incidence, we performed a retrospective study of 141 imatinib-resistance chronic myeloid leukemia patients to analyze kinase domain mutation by deep sequencing. Another group of 20 untreated patients were added as control. Methods: RNA from bone marrow cells were extracted and followed by cDNA synthesis. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify kinase domain of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. The amplified products were monitored size, concentration and prepared DNA sequencing library. Sequence analysis was performed using Illumina MiSeq sequencer and Sequence Pilot software. The sequencing results were randomly chose for Sanger sequencing. Results: None of the control group was positive with kinase domain mutation. There were 47 out of 141 patients (33%) detected with at least one nucleotide substitution. The sequencing results were also confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Of those 47 samples, 72 nucleotide substitutions of 28 types, altered 24 codons were identified. Among those, Y253F/H, M351T, G250E, F359V/I and M244V were the most frequent mutations, while T315I took only 4.1%. There were also a number of samples harboring multiple substitutions and new variations. Conclusion: Nextgeneration deep sequencing is a sensitive and effective method to detect kinase domain mutation and our results could provide further information about the drug-resistance mutation in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Published
2017

21. A cross-sectional study to quantify the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in poultry at intervention and non-intervention live bird markets in central Vietnam, 2014

Author

Chu, D-H, Stevenson, MA, Nguyen, LV, Isoda, N, Firestone, SM, Nguyen, TN, Nguyen, LT, Matsuno, K, Okamatsu, M, Kida, H, Sakoda, Y, Chu, D-H, Stevenson, MA, Nguyen, LV, Isoda, N, Firestone, SM, Nguyen, TN, Nguyen, LT, Matsuno, K, Okamatsu, M, Kida, H, and Sakoda, Y

Abstract

In Vietnam, live bird markets are found in most populated centres, providing the means by which fresh poultry can be purchased by consumers for immediate consumption. Live bird markets are aggregation points for large numbers of poultry, and therefore, it is common for a range of avian influenza viruses to be mixed within live bird markets as a result of different poultry types and species being brought together from different geographical locations. We conducted a cross-sectional study in seven live bird markets in four districts of Thua Thien Hue Province in August and December, 2014. The aims of this study were to (i) document the prevalence of avian influenza in live bird markets (as measured by virus isolation); and (ii) quantify individual bird-, seller- and market-level characteristics that rendered poultry more likely to be positive for avian influenza virus at the time of sale. A questionnaire soliciting details of knowledge, attitude and avian influenza practices was administered to poultry sellers in study markets. At the same time, swabs and faecal samples were collected from individual poultry and submitted for isolation of avian influenza virus. The final data set comprised samples from 1,629 birds from 83 sellers in the seven live bird markets. A total of 113 birds were positive for virus isolation; a prevalence of 6.9 (95% CI 5.8-8.3) avian influenza virus-positive birds per 100 birds submitted for sale. After adjusting for clustering at the market and individual seller levels, none of the explanatory variables solicited in the questionnaire were significantly associated with avian influenza virus isolation positivity. The proportions of variance at the individual market, seller and individual bird levels were 6%, 48% and 46%, respectively. We conclude that the emphasis of avian influenza control efforts in Vietnam should be at the individual seller level as opposed to the market level.

Published
2017

22. Adaptive Placement for Mobile Sensors in Spatial Prediction under Locational Errors

Author

Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, Dissanayake, G, Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, and Dissanayake, G

Abstract

© 2016 IEEE. This paper addresses the problem of driving robotic sensors for an energy-constrained mobile wireless network in efficiently monitoring and predicting spatial phenomena, under data locational errors. The paper first discusses how errors of mobile sensor locations affect estimating and predicting the spatial physical processes, given that spatial field to be monitored is modeled by a Gaussian process. It then proposes an optimality criterion for designing optimal sampling paths for the mobile robotic sensors given the localization uncertainties. Although the optimization problem is optimally intractable, it can be resolved by a polynomial approximation algorithm, which is proved to be practically feasible in an energy-constrained mobile sensor network. More importantly, near-optimal solutions of this navigation problem are guaranteed by a lower bound within 1-(1/e) of the optimum. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on simulated and real-world data sets, where impact of sensor location errors on the results is demonstrated by comparing the results with those obtained by using noise-less data locations.

Published
2017

23. Information-Driven Adaptive Sampling Strategy for Mobile Robotic Wireless Sensor Network

Author

Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, Dissanayake, G, Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, and Dissanayake, G

Abstract

© 2015 IEEE. This brief addresses the issue of monitoring physical spatial phenomena of interest using information collected by a resource-constrained network of mobile, wireless, and noisy sensors that can take discrete measurements as they navigate through the environment. We first propose an efficient novel optimality criterion for designing a sampling strategy to find the most informative locations in taking future observations to minimize the uncertainty at all unobserved locations of interest. This solution is proven to be within bounds. The computational complexity of this proposition is shown to be practically feasible. We then prove that under a certain condition of monotonicity property, the approximate entropy at resulting locations obtained by our proposed algorithm is within 1-(1/e) of the optimum, which is then utilized as a stopping criterion for the sampling algorithm. The criterion enables the prediction results to be within user-defined accuracies by controlling the number of mobile sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated using a prepublished data set.

Published
2016

24. Spatial Sensor Selection via Gaussian Markov Random Fields

Author

Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, and Ranasinghe, R

Abstract

© 2013 IEEE. This paper addresses the problem of selecting the most informative sensor locations out of all possible sensing positions in predicting spatial phenomena by using a wireless sensor network. The spatial field is modeled by Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs), where sparsity of the precision matrix enables the network to benefit from computation. A new spatial sensor selection criterion is proposed based on mutual information (MI) between random variables at selected locations and those at unselected locations and interested but unlikely sensor placed positions, which enhances resulting prediction. The GMRF-based optimality criterion is then proven to be computationally and efficiently resolved, especially in a large-scale sensor network, by a polynomial time approximation algorithm. More importantly, with demonstrations of monotonicity and submodularity properties of the MI set function in the proposed selection criterion, our near-optimal solution is also guaranteed by at least within ${(1-1/e)}$ of the optimal performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared and illustrated using two real-life large data sets with promising results.

Published
2016

25. Mobile robotic wireless sensor networks for efficient spatial prediction

Author

Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, Dissanayake, G, Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, and Dissanayake, G

Abstract

© 2014 IEEE. This paper addresses the issue of monitoring physical spatial phenomena of interest utilizing the information collected by a network of mobile, wireless and noisy sensors that can take discrete measurements as they navigate through the environment. The spatial phenomenon is statistically modelled by a Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) with hyperparameters that are learnt as the measurements accumulate over time. In this context, the GMRF approximately represents the spatial field on an irregular lattice of triangulation by exploiting a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach, which benefits remarkably in computation due to the sparsity of the precision matrix. A technique of the one-step-ahead forecast is employed to predict the future measurements that are required to find the optimal sampling locations. It is shown that optimizing the sampling path problem with the logarithm of the determinant either of a covariance matrix using a GP model or of a precision matrix using a GMRF model for mobile robotic wireless sensor networks (MRWSNs) even by a greedy algorithm is impractical. This paper proposes an efficient novel optimality criterion for the adaptive sampling strategy to find the most informative locations in taking future observations that minimize the uncertainty at unobserved locations. The computational complexity of our proposed method is linear, which makes the MRWSN scalable and practically feasible. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared and demonstrated using a pre-published data set with appealing results.

Published
2014

27. Time trends in blood pressure, body mass index and smoking in the Vietnamese population : a meta-analysis from multiple cross-sectional surveys

Author

Nguyen, Ngoc Quang, Pham, Thai Son, Nguyen, LV, Weinehall, Lars, Bonita, R, Byass, Peter, Wall, Stig, Nguyen, Ngoc Quang, Pham, Thai Son, Nguyen, LV, Weinehall, Lars, Bonita, R, Byass, Peter, and Wall, Stig

Abstract

Introduction: Data for trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are needed to set priorities and evaluate intervention programmes in the community. We estimated time trends in blood pressure ( BP), anthropometric variables and smoking in the Vietnamese population and highlighted the differences between men and women or between rural and urban areas. Methods: A dataset of 23,563 adults aged 25-74 from 5 cross-sectional surveys undertaken within Vietnam from 2001 to 2009 by the Vietnam National Heart Institute was used to estimate mean BP, weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), the prevalence of hypertension, adiposity or smoking, which were standardised to the national age structure of 2009. Multilevel mixed linear models were used to estimate annual changes in the variables of interest, adjusted by age, sex, residential area, with random variations for age and surveyed provinces. Findings: Among the adult population, the age-standardised mean systolic and diastolic BP increased by 0.8 and 0.3 mmHg in women, 1.1 and 0.4 mmHg in men, while the mean BMI increased by 0.1 kgm(-2) in women, 0.2 kgm(-2) in men per year. Consequently, the prevalence of hypertension and adiposity increased by 0.9 and 0.3% in women, 1.1 and 0.9% in men with similar time trends in both rural and urban areas, while smoking prevalence only increased in women by 0.3% per year. A U-shaped association was found between age-adjusted BP and BMI in both sexes and in both areas. Conclusions: From 2001 to 2009, mean BP, weight and WC significantly increased in the Vietnamese population, leading to an increased prevalence of hypertension and adiposity, suggesting the need for the development of multi-sectoral cost-effective population-based interventions to improve CVD management and prevention. The U-shaped relationship between BP and BMI highlighted the hypertension burden in the underweight population, which is usually neglected in CVD interventions.

Published
2012
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29. Fate mapping of human glioblastoma reveals an invariant stem cell hierarchy

Author

Lan, X, Joerg, DJ, Cavalli, FMG, Richards, LM, Nguyen, LV, Vanner, RJ, Guilhamon, P, Lee, L, Kushida, M, Pellacani, D, Park, NI, Coutinho, FJ, Whetstone, H, Selvadurai, HJ, Che, C, Luu, B, Carles, A, Moksa, M, Rastegar, N, Head, R, Dolma, S, Prinos, P, Cusimano, MD, Das, S, Bernstein, M, Arrowsmith, CH, Mungall, AJ, Moore, RA, Ma, Y, Gallo, M, Lupien, M, Pugh, TJ, Taylor, MD, Hirst, M, Eaves, CJ, Simons, BD, and Dirks, PB

Subjects
CNS cancer, Cancer stem cells, 3. Good health
Abstract

Human glioblastomas (GBMs) harbour a subpopulation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that drive tumourigenesis. However, the origin of intra-tumoural functional heterogeneity between GBM cells remains poorly understood. Here we study the clonal evolution of barcoded GBM cells in an unbiased way following serial xenotransplantation to define their individual fate behaviours. Independent of an evolving mutational signature, we show that the growth of GBM clones in vivo is consistent with a remarkably neutral process involving a conserved proliferative hierarchy rooted in GSCs. In this model, slow-cycling stem-like cells give rise to a more rapidly cycling progenitor population with extensive self-maintenance capacity, that in turn generates non-proliferative cells. We also identify rare “outlier” clones that deviate from these dynamics, and further show that chemotherapy facilitates the expansion of pre-existing drug-resistant GSCs. Finally, we show that functionally distinct GSCs can be separately targeted using epigenetic compounds, suggesting new avenues for GBM targeted therapy.

30. PADRE – A Repository for Research on Fault Detection and Isolation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propellers

Author

Puchalski, R, Ha, Q, Giernacki, W, Nguyen, HAD, Nguyen, LV, Puchalski, R, Ha, Q, Giernacki, W, Nguyen, HAD, and Nguyen, LV

Abstract

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles are being used increasingly in a variety of applications. They are more and more often operating in close proximity to people and equipment. This necessitates ensuring maximum stability and flight safety. A fundamental step to achieving this goal is timely and effective diagnosis of possible defects. Popular data-based methods require a large amount of data collected during flights in various conditions. This paper describes an open PADRE database of such measurements for the detection and classification of the most common faults - multirotor propeller failures. It presents the procedure of data acquisition, the structure of the repository and ways to use the various types of data contained therein. The repository enables research on drone fault detection to be undertaken without time-consuming preparation of measurement data. The database is available on GitHub at https://github.com/AeroLabPUT/UAV_measurement_data. The article also introduces new and universal quality indicators for evaluating classifiers with non-uniform parameters, are proposed. They allow comparison of methods tested for a variety of fault classes and with different processing times.

31. Multi-point optical fiber pressure sensor

Author

Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Erik P. Schartner, David G. Lancaster, Zheng Yu, Linh Nguyen, Dale E. Otten, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Nguyen, LV, Schartner, EP, Otten, D, Yu, Z, Lancaster, D, Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H, Warren-Smith, SC, and AOS Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, ACOFT 2019 and Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy, ACOLS 2019 Melbourne, Australia 9-12 December 2019

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Physics::Optics, optical fiber sensor, Laser, Pressure sensor, law.invention, high temperature, Wavelength, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, Fiber optic sensor, law, Femtosecond, pressure sensing, Astronomical interferometer, fiber bragg gratings, business
Abstract

This paper reports on a multi-point optical fiber pressure sensor using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written on an exposed core optical fiber (ECF) by femtosecond laser. The pressure sensing elements were constructed as Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometers of different cavity lengths using pairs of FBGs with identical resonant wavelength. In this fashion an interference pattern was formed within the FBG bandwidth with much narrower fringes, leading to better detection limit. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was used to calculate the phase change of the FP interference pattern with respect to applied pressure. The pressure sensitivity was proportional to the cavity FP cavity length, and reached-0.672 rad/MPa for the case of FP with 9 mm cavity length. The proposed sensor has potential to measure pressure at very high temperature thanks to its single material configuration Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2019

32. Optical biosensor using an exposed core microstructured optical fiber

Author

Kelly Hill, Linh Nguyen, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Nguyen, LV, Warren-Smith, SC, Hill, K, and 6th International Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam (BME6) Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 27-29 June 2016

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, fast fourier transform, Microstructured optical fiber, law.invention, Core (optical fiber), optical biosensors, Interferometry, law, exposed core microstructured optical fiber, Optical cavity, interferometric, Optoelectronics, Fiber, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Biosensor, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

Refereed/Peer-reviewed In this work a label-free optical biosensor based on an exposed core microstructured optical fiber (ECF) is presented. Thanks to the exposed core of the ECF, light propagating in the fiber core can have direct access to the analytes in the sensing liquid, while maintaining the mechanical strength of the fiber. The multimode interference effect within ECF, created due to the phase delay between guided modes in the core, was used as the transduction mechanism. Biotin-streptavidin as well as a his-tag capture probe and His-tagged protein were used to demonstrate biosensing capabilities of the proposed platform. Preliminarily results on using the ECF within a laser cavity to improve the sensor resolution are also discussed. Our proposed optical biosensors is an plug-and-play configuration without bulk optic components and thus has potential for use as portable devices for in-field surveillance of pathogens.

Published
2018

34. A novel label-free biosensing platform using interference effect in an exposed core optical fibre

Author

Nguyen, LV, Hill, K, Warren-Smith, SC, Monro, TM, and European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Munich, Germany 21-25 June 2015

Abstract

Refereed/Peer-reviewed This work aims to investigate the application of exposed core optical fibre (ECF) sensing platforms to uses such as in field detection of plant pathogens. Presented here is the investigation into the multimode nature of an ECF to form an interferometric sensing platform by splicing the ECF with lead-in and lead-out single mode fibers (SMF). Since guided modes in the ECF propagate with different propagation constants, an interference pattern can be formed in the transmission spectrum. These fringes will shift w.r.t. to a change in the refractive index (RI) of the ambient environment, including localised RI change on the fiber core as result of a biochemical binding event. The interference pattern is complex because there are typically more than two modes involved. Therefore the interference is first analysed by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the strongest FFT frequency component, corresponding to the interference between the two most dominantly excited modes, is filtered and chosen as the sensor indicator. As expected, the fringes exhibit corresponding red-shift w.r.t increasing the RI of the ambient solution. To demonstrate the biosensing capability of the proposed platform, biotin was chosen as the bio-probe and streptavidin was used as the sensing target due to the known strong binding affinity between these two [1]. The “fuzzy nanoassembly” process using polyelectrolyte coating [2] was use to interface the fiber surface with biotin. For convenience we monitored the phase change at the strongest frequency component in the spatial frequency spectrum instead of the fringe shifts during the functionalization process. Clear phase change was obtained when streptavidin binds to biotin functionalised on the fiber surface, indicating in a localised increase of the RI on the fibre surface. On the other hand, a control fibre without functionalised biotin shows no significant phase change when the sensor were subjected to buffer solution containing Streptavidin, indicating no binding event or non-specific binding having taken place. Further work will include the functionalisation of the fibre surface with pathogen-specific detectors. With its all-fibre configuration, this novel biosensing platform is highly stable and therefore very attractive for applications of a portable detection device.

Published
2015

35. Modified Pneumatic Reduction Protocol for Intussusception: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Ultrahigh Volume Center.

Author

Nguyen QT, Pham HD, Tran QA, Ly DB, Nguyen LV, Dang TT, and Nguyen LT

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Male, Female, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Enema methods, Vietnam epidemiology, Fluoroscopy, Hospitals, High-Volume statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Treatment Outcome, Infant, Newborn, Clinical Protocols, Air, Intussusception therapy, Intussusception epidemiology, Recurrence
Abstract

Background: This study aims to assess the long-term outcomes of a modified pneumatic reduction protocol for intussusception at the Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, an institution with a significant patient load in a lower-middle-income country., Patients and Methods: A single center, retrospective cohort observational study was conducted to examine patients who underwent modified fluoroscopic-guided air-enema reduction (FGAR) for intussusception from January 2016 to December 2017. Data on patient demographics, complication rates, and the incidence of long-term recurrence was collected., Results: Between January 2016 and December 2017, a total of 3562 patients underwent modified FGAR at our institution, including 2313 males (64.9%) and 1249 females (35.1%). The median age was 19 months (range: 1-170), and the median FGAR procedure duration was 4 min (range: 2-24). The median hospital stay was 1 day (range: 1-31). Successful reduction was achieved in 98.7% of cases, with 43 unsuccessful cases and 4 cases of perforated bowel requiring surgery. Twenty patients, presenting with severe symptoms due to delayed treatment seeking, were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) post-FGAR. No mortality or severe morbidity was reported. Over a median 6-year follow-up, intussusception recurred in 198 patients, accounting for 5.6% of the cohort, with 97% of recurrences occurring within the first year post-reduction. Infants and children under 12 months of age had the highest complication rates, including failed FGAR, complicated intussusception, ICU admission, or recurrence, compared to other age groups, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The modified FGAR protocol has been demonstrated to be safe and feasible, with a very high success rate, low complication rate, and low recurrence rate. Although further comparative studies are needed to confirm its reproducibility, it should be considered a promising approach for children in low-to middle-income countries., Level of Evidence: Level III., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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36. AtC3H3 , an Arabidopsis Non-TZF Gene, Enhances Salt Tolerance by Increasing the Expression of Both ABA-Dependent and -Independent Stress-Responsive Genes.

Author

Seok HY, Lee SY, Nguyen LV, Bayzid M, Jang Y, and Moon YH

Subjects
Salt Stress genetics, Stress, Physiological genetics, Droughts, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Salt Tolerance genetics, Abscisic Acid metabolism, Abscisic Acid pharmacology, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified
Abstract

Salinity causes widespread crop loss and prompts plants to adapt through changes in gene expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of the non-tandem CCCH zinc-finger (non-TZF) protein gene AtC3H3 in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis . AtC3H3 , a gene from the non-TZF gene family known for its RNA-binding and RNase activities, was up-regulated under osmotic stress, such as high salt and drought. When overexpressed in Arabidopsis , AtC3H3 improved tolerance to salt stress, but not drought stress. The expression of well-known abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent salt stress-responsive genes, namely Responsive to Desiccation 29B ( RD29B ), RD22 , and Responsive to ABA 18 ( RAB18 ), and representative ABA-independent salt stress-responsive genes, namely Dehydration-Responsive Element Binding protein 2A ( DREB2A ) and DREB2B , was significantly higher in AtC3H3 -overexpressing transgenic plants ( AtC3H3 OXs) than in wild-type plants (WT) under NaCl treatment, indicating its significance in both ABA-dependent and -independent signal transduction pathways. mRNA-sequencing (mRNA-Seq) analysis using NaCl-treated WT and AtC3H3 OXs revealed no potential target mRNAs for the RNase function of AtC3H3, suggesting that the potential targets of AtC3H3 might be noncoding RNAs and not mRNAs. Through this study, we conclusively demonstrated that AtC3H3 plays a crucial role in salt stress tolerance by influencing the expression of salt stress-responsive genes. These findings offer new insights into plant stress response mechanisms and suggest potential strategies for improving crop resilience to salinity stress.

Published
2024
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37. Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Influenza-Associated Encephalitis and Encephalopathy: A Study on 16 Children in Vietnam.

Author

Nguyen LV, Nguyen DS, Pham QT, Do HT, Tran DM, Cao TV, Phan HT, and Pham TQ

Abstract

Objectives . This study aims to report clinical features and treatment outcomes of 16 cases diagnosed with post-influenza encephalopathy/encephalitis. Methods . We recorded clinical characteristics of 16 pediatric patients diagnosed with post-influenza encephalopathy/encephalitis at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021. Results . There were 87.5% infected with influenza A, with influenza A/H1pdm09 and influenza A/H3 accounting for 88.9% and 11.1% respectively, and 12.5% of participants infected with influenza B. The time from onset to the appearance of neurological symptoms was 3 days, of which perceptual changes (93.8%), hypertonia (75%), and seizures (43.8%) were prevalent neurological symptoms. The majority of cases had normal cerebrospinal fluid. Cranial CT/MRI imaging revealed abnormalities in 87.5% of patients. 56.3% of patients had sequelae, including epilepsy and cerebral palsy; 25% recovered, and 18.8% died after treatment. Conclusions . Influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy is a complication occurring early in children, with high mortality and sequelae rates., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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38. Elevated systemic total bile acids escalate susceptibility to alcohol-associated liver disease.

Author

Paudel D, Hao F, Goand UK, Tian S, Koehle AM 3rd, Nguyen LV Jr, Tian Y, Patterson AD, and Singh V

Abstract

Excessive alcohol consumption is a major global health problem. Individuals with alcoholic liver disease often exhibit elevated serum total bile acids (TBAs). Nevertheless, the extent to which high TBA contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) remains elusive. To investigate this, wild-type mice were categorized into normal (nTBA) and high (hTBA) TBA groups. Both groups underwent chronic-binge ethanol feeding for 4 weeks, followed by additional weekly ethanol doses. Ethanol feeding worsened AALD in both male and female mice with elevated serum TBA, characterized by liver dysfunction and steatosis. Decreased hepatic expression of genes involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation and lipid transport in ethanol-fed hTBA mice suggests that altered fatty acid metabolism contributed to AALD. Our findings, which represent the first to link high serum TBA to increased AALD susceptibility, underscore the importance of proactive serum TBA screening as a valuable tool for identifying individuals at high risk of developing AALD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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39. Arthroscopic debridement and antibiotic-loaded cement for treatment of chronic infected tibial tunnel post-ACL reconstruction: A case report.

Author

Nguyen DQ, Nguyen LV, Do TD, and Do CD

Abstract

Introduction and Importance: Chronic extra-articular infections of the tibial tunnel are rare, and there are only a few cases reported in the literature, so the diagnosis and management of these infections are still unclear., Case Presentation: We report a 36-year-old patient with chronic infection of the tibial tunnel after ACL reconstruction surgery. The patient was treated with arthroscopic debridement of the tibial tunnel and antibiotic cement filling. Seven months postoperative, there were no signs of infection at the surgical site and the knee joint. The patient has no pain, no joint instability, no limitation of range of motion, and no limitation in daily activities., Clinical Discussion: The definitive diagnosis of chronic infection of the tibial tunnel should be carefully based on clinical signs, blood tests, and imaging to rule out combined intra-articular infections. The arthroscopic technique can be a favorable method to control and debride the inflammatory tissue of the tibial tunnel, limiting the recurrence rate postoperatively., Conclusion: Arthroscopic debridement and antibiotic-loaded cement can be considered an alternative to traditional surgical methods in the treatment of chronic infection of the tibial bone tunnel after ACL reconstruction., Level of Evidence: A case report., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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40. The Effect of Vitamin B 12 Supplementation on Leukocyte Telomere Length in Mildly Stunted Nepalese Children: A Secondary Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Ulak M, Kvestad I, Chandyo RK, Schwinger C, Basnet S, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, Nguyen LV, Corona-Pérez D, De Vivo I, Ueland PM, McCann A, and Strand TA

Subjects
Humans, Nepal, Female, Male, Infant, Vitamin B 12 Deficiency, Growth Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Vitamin B 12 pharmacology, Vitamin B 12 administration & dosage, Dietary Supplements, Leukocytes drug effects, Leukocytes metabolism, Telomere drug effects
Abstract

Background: Vitamin B 12 is essential for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and genome stability. A deficiency of vitamin B 12 is associated with telomere shortening, genomic aging, and increased risk of chronic disease and mortality., Objectives: The study aims to determine the effect of vitamin B 12 supplementation on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in infants at risk of vitamin B 12 deficiency., Methods: The study was a predefined secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial enrolling 600 Nepalese infants aged 6 -11 mo, who were supplemented with 2 μg (2-3 recommended daily allowances) vitamin B 12 or placebo daily for 1 y. At the end of the study, LTL was measured in 497 participants. Mean LTL was compared between the treatment arms in the full sample and predefined subgroups based on markers of vitamin B 12 status, hemoglobin, sex, and growth indices., Results: LTL at end-study did not differ between the vitamin B 12 and placebo arm with a standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval) of 0.04 (-0.14, 0.21). There was no effect of vitamin B 12 on LTL in any of the subgroups., Conclusions: Providing daily vitamin B 12 for 1 y during infancy in a population at risk of vitamin B 12 deficiency does not affect LTL. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02272842., (Copyright © 2023 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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41. A designed ankyrin-repeat protein that targets Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2.

Author

Dederer V, Sanz Murillo M, Karasmanis EP, Hatch KS, Chatterjee D, Preuss F, Abdul Azeez KR, Nguyen LV, Galicia C, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Versees W, Mathea S, Leschziner AE, Reck-Peterson SL, and Knapp S

Subjects
Humans, HEK293 Cells, Phosphorylation, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Protein Binding, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 metabolism, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 genetics, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 chemistry, Ankyrin Repeat, Parkinson Disease metabolism, Parkinson Disease genetics, Parkinson Disease pathology, rab GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism, rab GTP-Binding Proteins genetics
Abstract

Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large multidomain protein containing two catalytic domains, a kinase and a GTPase, as well as protein interactions domains, including a WD40 domain. The association of increased LRRK2 kinase activity with both the familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease has led to an intense interest in determining its cellular function. However, small molecule probes that can bind to LRRK2 and report on or affect its cellular activity are needed. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the first high-affinity LRRK2-binding designed ankyrin-repeat protein (DARPin), named E11. Using cryo-EM, we show that DARPin E11 binds to the LRRK2 WD40 domain. LRRK2 bound to DARPin E11 showed improved behavior on cryo-EM grids, resulting in higher resolution LRRK2 structures. DARPin E11 did not affect the catalytic activity of a truncated form of LRRK2 in vitro but decreased the phosphorylation of Rab8A, a LRRK2 substrate, in cells. We also found that DARPin E11 disrupts the formation of microtubule-associated LRRK2 filaments in cells, which are known to require WD40-based dimerization. Thus, DARPin E11 is a new tool to explore the function and dysfunction of LRRK2 and guide the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors that target the WD40 domain instead of the kinase., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest SRP is a consultant for Schrodinger and Stoke Therapeutics. AP is a co-founder and shareholder of Molecular Partners who are commercializing the DARPin technology. All other authors do not have any conflicts to report with the contents of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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42. Evaluation of screening algorithms to detect rectal colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a resource-limited setting.

Author

Pham TAM, Nguyen TX, My TN, Le LT, Vu HT, Hoang NTB, Tran DM, Nguyen LV, Pham PD, Nurjadi D, Goutard F, Velavan TP, Dinh VAT, Hounmanou YMG, Jörgensen B, Song LH, Nguyen NTT, Loire E, Östholm Å, Nilsson LE, Tran THT, Phan PH, Dalsgaard A, Larsson M, Olson L, and Hanberger H

Abstract

Objectives: To improve and rationalize the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in rectal swabs in a high-prevalence and resource-constrained setting, addressing surveillance challenges typically encountered in laboratories with limited resources., Methods: A point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted on 15 August 2022, in a provincial children's hospital in northern Vietnam. Rectal swab samples of all admitted children were collected and plated on a selective medium for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed by MALDI-TOF, and VITEK2 XL and interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints (2022). Carbapenemases were detected by the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)., Results: Rectal swab samples were obtained from 376 patients. Of 178 isolates growing on the CRE screening agar, 140 isolates were confirmed as Enterobacterales of which 118 (84.3%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and/or ertapenem. CIM and PCR showed that 90/118 (76.3%) were carbapenemase producers. Overall, 83/367 (22.6%) were colonized by CPE. Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex were the most common CPE detected, with NDM as the predominant carbapenemase (78/90; 86.7%). Phenotypic resistance to meropenem was the best predictor of CPE production (sensitivity 85.6%, specificity 100%) compared with ertapenem resistance (95.6% sensitivity, 36% specificity). CIM was 100% concordant with PCR in detecting carbapenemases., Conclusions: These findings underscore the effectiveness of meropenem resistance as a robust indicator of the production of carbapenemases and the reliability of the CIM method to detect such carbapenemases in resource-limited settings where the performance of molecular methods is not possible., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.)

Published
2024
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43. Clonal tracking in cancer and metastasis.

Author

Aalam SMM, Nguyen LV, Ritting ML, and Kannan N

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Cell Tracking methods, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms therapy, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, Neoplasm Metastasis
Abstract

The eradication of many cancers has proven challenging due to the presence of functionally and genetically heterogeneous clones maintained by rare cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to disease progression, treatment refractoriness, and late relapse. The characterization of functional CSC activity has necessitated the development of modern clonal tracking strategies. This review describes viral-based and CRISPR-Cas9-based cellular barcoding, lineage tracing, and imaging-based approaches. DNA-based cellular barcoding technology is emerging as a powerful and robust strategy that has been widely applied to in vitro and in vivo model systems, including patient-derived xenograft models. This review also highlights the potential of these methods for use in the clinical and drug discovery contexts and discusses the important insights gained from such approaches., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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44. Avian influenza A(H5) virus circulation in live bird markets in Vietnam, 2017-2022.

Author

Nguyen DT, Sumner KM, Nguyen TTM, Phan MQ, Hoang TM, Vo CD, Nguyen TD, Nguyen PT, Yang G, Jang Y, Jones J, Olsen SJ, Gould PL, Nguyen LV, and Davis CT

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Vietnam epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza in Birds epidemiology, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, Influenza A virus genetics
Abstract

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) human infections are a global concern, with many A(H5) human cases detected in Vietnam, including a case in October 2022. Using avian influenza virus surveillance from March 2017-September 2022, we described the percent of pooled samples that were positive for avian influenza A, A(H5), A(H5N1), A(H5N6), and A(H5N8) viruses in live bird markets (LBMs) in Vietnam., Methods: Monthly at each LBM, 30 poultry oropharyngeal swab specimens and five environmental samples were collected. Samples were pooled in groups of five and tested for influenza A, A(H5), A(H5N1), A(H5N6), and A(H5N8) viruses by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Trends in the percent of pooled samples that were positive for avian influenza were summarized by LBM characteristics and time and compared with the number of passively detected avian influenza outbreaks using Spearman's rank correlation., Results: A total of 25,774 pooled samples were collected through active surveillance at 167 LBMs in 24 provinces; 36.9% of pooled samples were positive for influenza A, 3.6% A(H5), 1.9% A(H5N1), 1.1% A(H5N6), and 0.2% A(H5N8). Influenza A(H5) viruses were identified January-December and at least once in 91.7% of sampled provinces. In 246 A(H5) outbreaks in poultry; 20.3% were influenza A(H5N1), 60.2% A(H5N6), and 19.5% A(H5N8); outbreaks did not correlate with active surveillance., Conclusions: In Vietnam, influenza A(H5) viruses were detected by active surveillance in LBMs year-round and in most provinces sampled. In addition to outbreak reporting, active surveillance for A(H5) viruses in settings with high potential for animal-to-human spillover can provide situational awareness., (© 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)

Published
2023
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45. Integration of genome-wide association studies reveal loci associated with salt tolerance score of rice at the seedling stage.

Author

Phan NTH, Van Pham C, Tang HT, Van Nguyen L, Nguyen LV, and Bertin P

Subjects
Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Salt Tolerance genetics, Phylogeny, Plant Breeding, Seedlings genetics, Oryza genetics
Abstract

Salt threatens rice cultivation in many countries. Hence, breeding new varieties with high salt tolerance is important.A panel of 2,391 rice accessions from the 3 K Rice Genome Project was selected to evaluate salt tolerance via the standard evaluation score (SES) in hydroponics under 60 mM NaCl at the seedling stage. Three sub-population panels including 1,332, 628, and 386 accessions from the original 2,391 ones were constructed based on low relatedness revealed by a phylogenetic tree generated by Archaeopteryx Tree. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on the entire and sub-population panels using SES data and a selection of 5, 10, 20, and 40% of SNPs selected from the original 1,011,601 SNPs by filtering minor allele frequency > 5% and missing rate < 5%. To perform GWAS, three methods implemented in three different software packages were utilized.Using the integration of GWAS programs, a total of four QTLs associated with SES scores were identified in different panels. Some QTLs co-located with previously detected QTL-related traits. qSES1.1 was detected in three panels, qSES1.3 and qSES2.1 in two panels, and qSES3.1 in one panel through GWAS by all three methods used and selected SNPs. These four QTLs were selected to detect candidate genes. Combining gene-based association study plus haplotype analysis in the entire population and the three sub-populations let us shortlist three candidate genes, viz. LOC&#95;Os01g23640 and LOC&#95;Os01g23680 for qSES1.1, and LOC&#95;Os01g71240 for qSES1.3 region affecting salt tolerance. The identified QTLs and candidate genes provided useful materials and genetic information for future functional characterization and genetic improvement of salt tolerance in rice., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Published
2023
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46. Disclosure of HIV status and associated clinical outcomes of children and adolescents living with HIV in Asia.

Author

Sornillo JB, Ditangco R, Lumbiganon P, Vu TA, Le ON, Truong KH, Nguyen LV, Do VC, Ounchanum P, Wati DK, Puthanakit T, Kurniati N, Lapphra K, Sudjaritruk T, Kumarasamy N, Jamal Mohamed TA, Nik Yusoff NK, Fong SM, Nallusamy RA, Sohn AH, and Kariminia A

Subjects
Humans, Child, Female, Adolescent, Male, Retrospective Studies, Asia epidemiology, Lost to Follow-Up, Disease Progression, Disclosure, HIV Infections drug therapy
Abstract

Disclosure of HIV status is an important part of pediatric care. We studied disclosure and clinical outcomes in a multi-country Asian cohort of children and adolescents with HIV. Those 6-19 years of age who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) between 2008 and 2018, and who had at least one follow-up clinic visit were included. Data up to December 2019 were analyzed. Cox and competing risk regression analyses were used to assess the effect of disclosure on disease progression (WHO clinical stage 3 or 4), loss to follow-up (LTFU; > 12 months), and death. Of 1913 children and adolescents (48% female; median [IQR] age 11.5 [9.2-14.7] years at last clinic visit), 795 (42%) were disclosed to about their HIV status at a median age of 12.9 years (IQR: 11.8-14.1). During follow-up, 207 (11%) experienced disease progression, 75 (3.9%) were LTFU, and 59 (3.1%) died. There were lower hazards of disease progression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.43 [0.28-0.66]) and death (aHR 0.36 [0.17-0.79]) for those disclosed to compared with those who were not. Disclosure and its appropriate implementation should be promoted in pediatric HIV clinics in resource-limited settings.

Published
2023
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47. The effects of pretreatment with Cyclosporin A and Docetaxel before vitrification of porcine immature oocytes on subsequent embryo development.

Author

Nguyen HT, Nguyen NT, Nguyen LV, Bui XN, Nguyen VH, Nguyen VK, Vu HTT, Nguyen ST, and Nguyen HT

Subjects
Swine, Animals, Docetaxel pharmacology, Cryopreservation veterinary, Oocytes, Embryonic Development, Vitrification, Cyclosporine pharmacology
Abstract

In the present study, we attempted to improve the developmental competence of vitrified immature porcine oocytes by the preservation of mitochondrial properties using Cyclosporin A (CsA, inhibitor of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition) and Docetaxel (stabilizer of microtubules, hence mitochondrial distribution). In Experiment 1, Mitotracker red staining revealed reduced mitochondrial activity (MA) in vitrified/warmed oocytes at 0 and 22 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) compared with fresh ones. However, by at 46 h of IVM, MA levels in vitrified oocytes were similar to those in fresh control. Treatment of oocytes with CsA or Docetaxel improved MA at 0 h and 22 h of IVM compared with non-treated vitrified oocytes. However, there were no significant differences among groups in percentages of survival, maturation and embryo development after subsequent IVM and parthenogenetic activation. Nevertheless, a pretreatment with a combination of 10 µg/mL CsA and 0.05 µM Docetaxel improved the blastocyst formation of vitrified oocytes compared with non-treatment counterparts (11.2 ± 1.6% vs 5.9 ± 1.6%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, vitrification reduced mitochondrial activity in GV-stage oocytes during 0-22 h of IVM; however, it was normalized by 46 h IVM. Docetaxel or CsA pretreatment alone did not improve development competence of vitrified oocytes. However, pretreatment with a combination of CsA and Docetaxel could improve blastocyst formation rates., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest in the publication of the manuscript “The effects of pretreatment with Cyclosporin A and Docetaxel before vitrification of porcine immature oocytes on subsequent embryo development”., (Copyright © 2023 Society for Biology of Reproduction & the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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48. Mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers with focused output via wavefront shaping.

Author

Chen CW, Nguyen LV, Wisal K, Wei S, Warren-Smith SC, Henderson-Sapir O, Schartner EP, Ahmadi P, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Stone AD, Ottaway DJ, and Cao H

Abstract

The key challenge for high-power delivery through optical fibers is overcoming nonlinear optical effects. To keep a smooth output beam, most techniques for mitigating optical nonlinearities are restricted to single-mode fibers. Moving out of the single-mode paradigm, we show experimentally that wavefront-shaping of coherent input light to a highly multimode fiber can increase the power threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by an order of magnitude, whilst simultaneously controlling the output beam profile. The SBS suppression results from an effective broadening of the Brillouin spectrum under multimode excitation, without broadening of transmitted light. Strongest suppression is achieved with selective mode excitation that gives the broadest Brillouin spectrum. Our method is efficient, robust, and applicable to continuous waves and pulses. This work points toward a promising route for mitigating detrimental nonlinear effects in optical fibers, enabling further power scaling of high-power fiber systems for applications to directed energy, remote sensing, and gravitational-wave detection., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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49. Measuring the impact of an integrated bite case management program on the detection of canine rabies cases in Vietnam.

Author

Ross YB, Vo CD, Bonaparte S, Phan MQ, Nguyen DT, Nguyen TX, Nguyen TT, Orciari L, Nguyen TD, Nguyen OKT, Do TT, Dao ATP, Wallace R, and Nguyen LV

Subjects
Humans, Dogs, Animals, Case Management, Vietnam epidemiology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Risk Assessment, Rabies epidemiology, Rabies therapy, Rabies veterinary, Bites and Stings epidemiology
Abstract

Introduction: Dog-mediated rabies is enzootic in Vietnam, resulting in at least 70 reported human deaths and 500,000 human rabies exposures annually. In 2016, an integrated bite cases management (IBCM) based surveillance program was developed to improve knowledge of the dog-mediated rabies burden in Phu Tho Province of Vietnam., Methods: The Vietnam Animal Rabies Surveillance Program (VARSP) was established in four stages: (1) Laboratory development, (2) Training of community One Health workers, (3) Paper-based-reporting (VARSP 1.0), and (4) Electronic case reporting (VARSP 2.0). Investigation and diagnostic data collected from March 2016 to December 2019 were compared with historical records of animal rabies cases dating back to January 2012. A risk analysis was conducted to evaluate the probability of a rabies exposure resulting in death after a dog bite, based on data collected over the course of an IBCM investigation., Results: Prior to the implementation of VARSP, between 2012 and 2015, there was an average of one rabies investigation per year, resulting in two confirmed and two probable animal rabies cases. During the 46 months that VARSP was operational (2016 - 2019), 1048 animal investigations were conducted, which identified 79 (8%) laboratory-confirmed rabies cases and 233 (22%) clinically-confirmed(probable) cases. VARSP produced a 78-fold increase in annual animal rabies case detection (one cases detected per year pre-VARSP vs 78 cases per year under VARSP). The risk of succumbing to rabies for bite victims of apparently healthy dogs available for home quarantine, was three deaths for every 10,000 untreated exposures., Discussion: A pilot IBCM model used in Phu Tho Province showed promising results for improving rabies surveillance, with a 26-fold increase in annual case detection after implementation of a One Health model. The risk for a person bitten by an apparently healthy dog to develop rabies in the absence of rabies PEP was very low, which supports the WHO recommendations to delay PEP for this category of bite victims, when trained animal assessors are available and routinely communicate with the medical sector. Recent adoption of an electronic IBCM system is likely to expedite adoption of VARSP 2.0 to other Provinces and improve accuracy of field decisions and data collection., Competing Interests: REACT Development Team was lead for the development of the electronic application as part of employment for Mission Rabies. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ross, Vo, Bonaparte, Phan, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Orciari, Nguyen, Nguyen, Do, Dao, REACT Development Team, Wallace and Nguyen.)

Published
2023
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50. Label-free DNA quantification using isothermal amplification on an exposed core optical fiber microfluidic platform.

Author

Li X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Nguyen LV, Zhou X, and Warren-Smith SC

Subjects
Humans, Microfluidics, Pandemics, DNA genetics, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques methods, Optical Fibers, COVID-19 diagnosis
Abstract

Isothermal amplification technology has triggered a surge in research due to its compatibility with small and portable equipment, simplicity, and high efficiency, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic where reliable widescale testing is critical to outbreak management. In this paper, a label-free isothermal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification method based on refractive index (RI) quantification is proposed and demonstrated for the first time by combining optical fiber sensing, microfluidics, and isothermal amplification. A highly RI-sensitive Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interference is formed by splicing a short length of an exposed-core fiber between two lengths of a single-mode fiber while the microfluidic liquid channel on the exposed side of the ECF is filled with target DNA and the amplification solution. Real-time quantitative measurement of the target DNA is then realized by monitoring the change in RI of the solution during the isothermal DNA amplification process. The experimental results show that the platform successfully realizes real-time label-free monitoring of isothermal amplification of 0.16 aM DNA samples. This method is a breakthrough for applications in the fields of DNA detection and quantification where simple operation, rapid detection, portability, small size, high selectivity, and high sensitivity are required.

Published
2023
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