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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a genetically influenced disease, but few studies have been performed to investigate the genetic basis of T2DM in Vietnamese subjects. Thus, the potential associations of KCNJ11 and ABCC8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with T2DM were investigated in a Kinh Vietnamese population. A cross-sectional study consisting of 404 subjects including 202 T2DM cases and 202 non-T2DM controls was designed to examine the potential associations of 4 KCNJ11 and ABCC8 SNPs (rs5219, rs2285676, rs1799859, and rs757110) with T2DM. Genotypes were identified based on restriction fragment length polymorphism and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. After statistically adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, rs5219 was found to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM under 2 inheritance models: codominant (OR = 2.15, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.09-4.22) and recessive (OR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.09-3.94). On the other hand, rs2285676, rs1799859, and rs757110 were not associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Haplotype analysis elucidated a strong linkage disequilibrium between the 3 SNPs, rs5219, rs2285676, and rs757110. The haplotype rs5219(A)/rs2285676(T)/rs757110(G) was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.01-1.99). The results show that rs5219 is a lead candidate SNP associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM in the Kinh Vietnamese population. Further functional characterization is needed to uncover the mechanism underlying the potential genotype-phenotype associations., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

This study aimed to identify potential genetic diversity among African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains circulating in central and southern Vietnam. Thirty ASFV strains were collected from domestic pigs and convalescent pigs with ASFV-infected clinical signs from 19 different provinces of central and southern Vietnam during 2019-2021. A portion of the B646L (p72) gene and the entire E183L (p54), CP204L (p30), and B602L (CVR) genes were amplified, purified, and sequenced. Web-based BLAST and MEGA X software were used for sequence analysis. Analysis of the partial B646L (p72) gene, the full-length E183L (p54) and CP204L (p30) genes, and the central hypervariable region (CVR) of the B602L gene sequence showed that all 30 ASFV isolates belonged to genotype II and were 100% identical to the previously identified strains in Vietnam and China. Analysis of the p72, p54, and p30 regions did not indicate any change in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences among these strains in 3 years of research. No novel variant was found in the CVR within the B602L gene. Analysis of the CVR showed that these ASFV strains belong to subgroup XXXII. The results of this study revealed that these ASFVs shared high similarity with ASFV isolates detected previously in northern Vietnam and China. Taken together, the results of this study and a previous study in Vietnam showed high stability and no genetic diversity in the ASFV genome., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The goal of this study was to identify a candidate commercial cell line for the replication of African swine fever virus (ASFV) by comparing several available cell lines with various medium factors. In the sensitivity test of cells, MA104 and MARC-145 had strong potential for ASFV replication. Next, MA104 cells were used to compare the adaptation of ASFV obtained from tissue homogenates and blood samples in various infectious media. At the 10th passage, the ASFV obtained from the blood sample had a significantly higher viral load than that obtained from the tissue sample ( P = 0.000), exhibiting a mean cycle threshold (Ct) value = 20.39 ± 1.99 compared with 25.36 ± 2.11. For blood samples, ASFV grew on infectious medium B more robustly than on infectious medium A ( P = 0.006), corresponding to a Ct value = 19.58 ± 2.10 versus 21.20 ± 1.47. African swine fever virus originating from blood specimens continued to multiply gradually and peaked in the 15th passage, exhibiting a Ct value = 14.36 ± 0.22 in infectious medium B and a Ct value = 15.42 ± 0.14 in infectious medium A. When ASFV was cultured from tissue homogenates, however, there was no difference ( P = 0.062) in ASFV growth between infectious media A and B. A model was developed to enhance ASFV replication through adaptation to MA104 cells. The lack of mutation at the genetic segments encoding p72, p54, p30, and the central hypervariable region (CVR) in serial culture passages is important in increasing the probability of maintaining immunogenicity when developing a vaccine candidate., (Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.)

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious haemorrhagic disease in pigs and has become endemic in several Vietnam provinces since the first outbreak in 2019. The presence of carriers and the recurrence of disease in the surviving swine herd after an ASF outbreak has not previously been properly evaluated. In this study, pigs naturally infected with an acute form of ASF were allowed to recover from the disease. A serological follow-up was conducted for more than 14 months with 14 convalescent gilts and their offspring. All convalescent animals had long lasting high serum antibody levels without persistent viremia. They also did not excrete virus via nasal discharge post-recovery. These convalescent pigs could partially perform as replacement gilts despite the fact that ASF affected reproductive performance. Here, we confirmed that there were neither the carriers of nor recurrence of disease in the convalescent pigs and their offspring following the outbreak of acute ASF. These findings may facilitate efforts to design a new farming model in ASF endemic provinces in Vietnam where there is a lack of a repopulation strategy due to the limited funding received from the local regulatory authorities., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an important cause of mortality and economic losses in shrimp farming. Although WSSV-induced mortality is virus dose dependent and WSSV infection does not necessarily lead to mortality, the relationships between virus-particle dose, infection and mortality have not been analysed quantitatively. Here, we explored WSSV dose-response by a combination of experiments, modelling and meta-analysis. We performed dose-response experiments in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae, recorded host mortality and detected WSSV infection. When we fitted infection models to these data, two models-differing in whether they incorporated heterogeneous host susceptibility to the virus or not-were supported for two independent experiments. To determine the generality of these results, we reanalysed published data sets and then performed a meta-analysis. We found that WSSV dose-response kinetics is indeed variable over experiments. We could not clearly identify which specific infection model has the most support by meta-analysis, but we argue that these results also are most concordant with a model incorporating varying levels of heterogeneous host susceptibility to WSSV. We have identified suitable models for analysing WSSV dose-response, which can elucidate the most basic virus-host interactions and help to avoid underestimating WSSV infection at low virus doses., (© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Fish Diseases Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)