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This guide addresses the problem of bomb threats in schools, public or private, kindergarten through 12th grade. Colleges and universities are excluded because they generally differ from schools. The guide reviews the factors that increase the risk of bomb threats in schools and then identifies a series of questions that might assist departments in analyzing their local problem. Finally, the guide reviews responses to the problem and what is known about these from evaluative research and proven police practice. The guide discusses the motives for bomb threats as well as the delivery of the threats, their specificity, and how seriously they should be taken. In discussing factors that are linked to bomb threats in schools, the guide refers to offender characteristics, his/her family background, the school climate, and opportunity. This is followed by guidance on how to assess preparation for dealing with bomb threats. A checklist of questions is designed to help determine the school's preparation for immediate and preventive responses to bomb threats. The section on responses to the problem of school-related bomb threats first addresses general considerations for an effective response strategy, such as preventive responses designed to reduce the likelihood of bomb threats and immediate responses to a bomb threat should it occur. Specific responses to school bomb threats focus on strategies for prevention and harm reduction as well as immediate responses to a bomb threat. Zero tolerance accompanied by a long-term suspension is rejected as an ineffective and possibly contributory response. The guide is divided into the following sections: (1) The Problem of Bomb Threats in Schools; (2) Understanding Your Local Problem; and (3) Responses to the Problem of Bomb Threats in Schools. Appended are: (1) Summary of Responses to Bomb Threats in Schools; (2) Warning Signs of Potential School Violence; and (3) Questions to Ask When Coordinating the Bomb Threat Response Team. Seventeen annotated recommended readings are also included. (Contains 46 endnotes.) [This document was produced by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS).]

It is a subject as old as civil society, yet one that still fuels debate. Now the many and varied aspects of that subject are brought together in the four-volume Crime and Punishment around the World. This unprecedented work provides descriptions of crimes--and the justice systems that define and punish them--in more than 200 nations, principalities, and dependencies. Each chapter examines the historical, political, and cultural background, as well as the basic organization of the subject state's legal and criminal justice system. It also reports on the types and levels of crime, the processes leading to the finding of guilt, the rights of the accused, alternatives to going to trial, how suspects are prosecuted for their crimes, and the techniques and conditions of typical punishments employed. Comprising a study that is at once extraordinarily comprehensive and minutely detailed, the essays collected here showcase the variety and the universality of crime and punishment the world over. 1. Africa and the Middle East / Mahesh K. Nalla -- 2. The Americas / Janet P. Stamatel and Hung-En Sung -- 3. Asia and Pacific / Doris C. Chu -- 4. Europe / Marcelo F. Aebi and Vřonique Jaquier.

St Vincent faces many challenges in its local jurisprudence related to crime and criminal justice. There are high incidences of violence in the society namely murder, rape and domestic violence. These are crimes where the relationship of power and powerlessness form a major part of the criminogenic need. Of interest to criminologists is that the society does not appear in a moral panic or crisis about crime as is the case in larger economies. Is this a good stance approach to crime? Are there sufficient information in the causes and developments of crime indices that can allow the exploration of comparisons? The answers are still no, but what an opportunity for comparative criminology.

This anthology provides the first comprehensive and comparative international overview of effective approaches to "designing out" crime from products and services. Prominent criminologists and scholars of design analyze the lessons derived from a wide range of successful design-against-crime initiatives worldwide, including (among many others): technologies that have dramatically decreased cell phone "cloning" in the U.S.; the fitting of immobilizers to prevent car theft; adoption of tamper-resistant product packaging; the redesign of banknotes to block counterfeiting; account verification technology to minimize credit card fraud; and the use of hard-to-shatter glass to reduce injuries in bar brawls.