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16. Passive acoustic monitoring provides predictable and reliable underestimates of population size and longevity in wild Savannah Sparrows

Author

Hensel, Abby L J, primary, Dobney, Sarah L, additional, Moran, Ines G, additional, Thomas, Ian P, additional, Burant, Joseph B, additional, Woodworth, Bradley K, additional, Doucet, Stéphanie M, additional, Newman, Amy E M, additional, Norris, D Ryan, additional, Williams, Heather, additional, and Mennill, Daniel J, additional

Published
2022
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24. One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice

Author

Cooke, Steven J, Bergman, Jordanna N, Madliger, Christine L, Cramp, Rebecca L, Beardall, John, Burness, Gary, Clark, Timothy D, Dantzer, Ben, de la Barrera, Erick, Fangue, Nann A, Franklin, Craig E, Fuller, Andrea, Hawkes, Lucy A, Hultine, Kevin R, Hunt, Kathleen E, Love, Oliver P, MacMillan, Heath A, Mandelman, John W, Mark, Felix Christopher, Martin, Lynn B, Newman, Amy E M, Nicotra, Adrienne B, Raby, Graham D, Robinson, Sharon A, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Rummer, Jodie L, Seebacher, Frank, Todgham, Anne E, Tomlinson, Sean, Chown, Steven L, Cooke, Steven J, Bergman, Jordanna N, Madliger, Christine L, Cramp, Rebecca L, Beardall, John, Burness, Gary, Clark, Timothy D, Dantzer, Ben, de la Barrera, Erick, Fangue, Nann A, Franklin, Craig E, Fuller, Andrea, Hawkes, Lucy A, Hultine, Kevin R, Hunt, Kathleen E, Love, Oliver P, MacMillan, Heath A, Mandelman, John W, Mark, Felix Christopher, Martin, Lynn B, Newman, Amy E M, Nicotra, Adrienne B, Raby, Graham D, Robinson, Sharon A, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Rummer, Jodie L, Seebacher, Frank, Todgham, Anne E, Tomlinson, Sean, and Chown, Steven L

Abstract

Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners and policy makers. Relevant and robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with the actionable evidence needed to inform conservation decisions. In the Anthropocene, science that leads to meaningful improvements in biodiversity conservation, restoration and management is desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline that is well-positioned to identify the mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses to environmental change and test different in situ and ex situ conservation interventions for diverse taxa and ecosystems. Here we present a consensus list of 10 priority research themes. Within each theme we identify specific research questions (100 in total), answers to which will address conservation problems and should improve the management of biological resources. The themes frame a set of research questions related to the following: (i) adaptation and phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human–induced environmental change; (iii) human–wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers and monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement and communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) restoration actions; (ix) threatened species; and (x) urban systems. The themes and questions will hopefully guide and inspire researchers while also helping to demonstrate to practitioners and policy makers the many ways in which physiology can help to support their decisions.

Published
2021

28. Osphranter rufus (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae)

Author

Freedman, Calli R, Rothschild, Daniel, Groves, Colin, and Newman, Amy E M

Subjects
Macropodidae, Mammalia, Animalia, Biodiversity, Diprotodontia, Chordata, Taxonomy
Abstract

Freedman, Calli R, Rothschild, Daniel, Groves, Colin, Newman, Amy E M (2020): Osphranter rufus (Diprotodontia: Macropodidae). Mammalian Species 52 (998): 143-164, DOI: 10.1093/mspecies/seaa011, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seaa011

Published
2020

30. One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice

Author

Cooke, Steven J, primary, Bergman, Jordanna N, additional, Madliger, Christine L, additional, Cramp, Rebecca L, additional, Beardall, John, additional, Burness, Gary, additional, Clark, Timothy D, additional, Dantzer, Ben, additional, de la Barrera, Erick, additional, Fangue, Nann A, additional, Franklin, Craig E, additional, Fuller, Andrea, additional, Hawkes, Lucy A, additional, Hultine, Kevin R, additional, Hunt, Kathleen E, additional, Love, Oliver P, additional, MacMillan, Heath A, additional, Mandelman, John W, additional, Mark, Felix C, additional, Martin, Lynn B, additional, Newman, Amy E M, additional, Nicotra, Adrienne B, additional, Raby, Graham D, additional, Robinson, Sharon A, additional, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, additional, Rummer, Jodie L, additional, Seebacher, Frank, additional, Todgham, Anne E, additional, Tomlinson, Sean, additional, and Chown, Steven L, additional

Published
2021
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31. Supporting Information for Into the wild: microbiome transplant studies need broader ecological reality

Author

Greyson-Gaito, Christopher J., Bartley, Timothy J., Cottenie, Karl, Jarvis, Will M. C., Newman, Amy E. M., and Stothart, Mason R.

Abstract

Gut microbial communities (microbiomes) profoundly shape the ecology and evolution of multicellular life. Interactions between host and microbiome appear to be reciprocal, and ecological theory is now being applied to better understand how hosts and their microbiome influence each other. However, some ecological processes that underlie reciprocal host–microbiome interactions may be obscured by the current convention of highly controlled transplantation experiments. Although these approaches have yielded invaluable insights, there is a need for a broader array of approaches to fully understand host–microbiome reciprocity. Using a directed review, we surveyed the breadth of ecological reality in the current literature on gut microbiome transplants with non-human recipients. For 55 studies, we categorized nine key experimental conditions that impact the ecological reality (EcoReality) of the transplant, including host taxon match and donor environment. Using these categories, we rated the EcoReality of each transplant. Encouragingly, the breadth of EcoReality has increased over time, but some components of EcoReality are still relatively unexplored, including recipient host environment and microbiome state. The conceptual framework we develop here maps the landscape of possible EcoReality to highlight where fundamental ecological processes can be considered in future transplant experiments.

Published
2020
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32. Table S1 from Autumn freeze–thaw events carry over to depress late-winter reproductive performance in Canada jays

Author

Sutton, Alex O., Strickland, Dan, Freeman, Nikole E., Newman, Amy E. M., and D. Ryan Norris

Abstract

Experimentally measured freezing points for a variety of food items adapted from Rahman et al. (2009) Tables 5.8 – 5.14, with additional information from Guizani et al. (2013) and Haiying et al. (2007). Information from meat, berries and mushrooms is provided in the table.

Published
2020
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33. Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan

Author

Cooke, Steven J., Madliger, Christine L., Cramp, Rebecca L., Beardall, John, Burness, Gary P., Chown, Steven L., Clark, Timothy D., Dantzer, Ben, Barrera, Erick de la, Fangue, Nann A., Franklin, Craig E., Fuller, Andrea, Hawkes, Lucy A., Hultine, Kevin R., Hunt, Kathleen E., Love, Oliver P., MacMillan, Heath A., Mandelman, John W., Mark, Felix C., Martin, Lynn B., Newman, Amy E. M., Nicotra, Adrienne B., Robinson, Sharon A., Ropert‐Coudert, Yan, Rummer, Jodie L., Seebacher, Frank, Todgham, Anne E., Cooke, Steven, Madliger, Christine, Cramp, Rebecca, Burness, Gary, Chown, Steven, Clark, Timothy, De La Barrera, Erick, Fangue, Nann, Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, School of Biological Sciences [University of Queensland, Australia], University of Southern Queensland (USQ), School of Biological Sciences [Monash University, Australia], Monash University [Clayton], Department of Biology, Trent University [Canada], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia], Deakin University [Victoria, Australia], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology [University of California, Davis, USA], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Brain Function Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories [Exeter, UK], University of Exeter, Desert Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, George Mason University, George Mason University, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor [Ca], Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life [New England Aquarium, USA], New England Aquarium, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research [Germany], Global Health and Infectious Disease Research [University of South Florida, USA], University of South Florida (USF), Department of Integrative Biology (University of Guelph), University of Guelph, Australian National University (ANU), School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences (SEALS) and Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions [Wollongong, Australia], University of Wollongong, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08 [Australia) (University of Sydney), The University of Sydney, Department of Animal Science [Davis, USA] (University of California Davis), Haddon, Lindsay, School of Biological Sciences [Brisbane], University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Biological Sciences [Victoria, Australia] (Monash University), and Monash University [Victoria, Australia]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Horizon scan, Life on Land, Physiology, conservation physiology, Sustainable Development Goals, Marine Biology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, horizon scan, Restoration ecology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Evidence, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Sustainable development, 0303 health sciences, evidence, End user, Ecological Modeling, Life Sciences, Conservation physiology, Biodiversity, Cognitive reframing, Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Perspective, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Forward looking, Generic health relevance, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Applying physiological tools, knowledge and concepts to understand conservation problems (i.e. conservation physiology) has become commonplace and confers an ability to understand mechanistic processes, develop predictive models and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Conservation physiology is making contributions to conservation solutions; the number of ‘success stories’ is growing, but there remain unexplored opportunities for which conservation physiology shows immense promise and has the potential to contribute to major advances in protecting and restoring biodiversity. Here, we consider how conservation physiology has evolved with a focus on reframing the discipline to be more inclusive and integrative. Using a ‘horizon scan’, we further explore ways in which conservation physiology can be more relevant to pressing conservation issues of today (e.g. addressing the Sustainable Development Goals; delivering science to support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), as well as more forward-looking to inform emerging issues and policies for tomorrow. Our horizon scan provides evidence that, as the discipline of conservation physiology continues to mature, it provides a wealth of opportunities to promote integration, inclusivity and forward-thinking goals that contribute to achieving conservation gains. To advance environmental management and ecosystem restoration, we need to ensure that the underlying science (such as that generated by conservation physiology) is relevant with accompanying messaging that is straightforward and accessible to end users.

Published
2020

34. Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan

Author

Cooke, Steven J, Madliger, Christine L, Cramp, Rebecca L, Beardall, John, Burness, Gary, Chown, Steven L., Clark, Timothy D., Dantzer, Ben, de la Barrera, Erick, Fangue, Nann A, Franklin, Craig E, Fuller, Andrea, Hawkes, Lucy A, Hultine, Kevin R, Hunt, Kathleen E, Love, Oliver P, MacMillan, Heath A, Mandelman, John W, Mark, Felix Christopher, Martin, Lynn B, Newman, Amy E M, Nicotra, Adrienne B, Robinson, Sharon A, Ropert-Coudert, Y., Rummer, Jodie L, Seebacher, Frank, Todgham, Anne E, Cooke, Steven J, Madliger, Christine L, Cramp, Rebecca L, Beardall, John, Burness, Gary, Chown, Steven L., Clark, Timothy D., Dantzer, Ben, de la Barrera, Erick, Fangue, Nann A, Franklin, Craig E, Fuller, Andrea, Hawkes, Lucy A, Hultine, Kevin R, Hunt, Kathleen E, Love, Oliver P, MacMillan, Heath A, Mandelman, John W, Mark, Felix Christopher, Martin, Lynn B, Newman, Amy E M, Nicotra, Adrienne B, Robinson, Sharon A, Ropert-Coudert, Y., Rummer, Jodie L, Seebacher, Frank, and Todgham, Anne E

Abstract

Applying physiological tools, knowledge and concepts to understand conservation problems (i.e. conservation physiology) has become commonplace and confers an ability to understand mechanistic processes, develop predictive models and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Conservation physiology is making contributions to conservation solutions; the number of ‘success stories’ is growing, but there remain unexplored opportunities for which conservation physiology shows immense promise and has the potential to contribute to major advances in protecting and restoring biodiversity. Here, we consider how conservation physiology has evolved with a focus on reframing the discipline to be more inclusive and integrative. Using a ‘horizon scan’, we further explore ways in which conservation physiology can be more relevant to pressing conservation issues of today (e.g. addressing the Sustainable Development Goals; delivering science to support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), as well as more forward-looking to inform emerging issues and policies for tomorrow. Our horizon scan provides evidence that, as the discipline of conservation physiology continues to mature, it provides a wealth of opportunities to promote integration, inclusivity and forward-thinking goals that contribute to achieving conservation gains. To advance environmental management and ecosystem restoration, we need to ensure that the underlying science (such as that generated by conservation physiology) is relevant with accompanying messaging that is straightforward and accessible to end users.

Published
2020

36. Natal experience and pre‐breeding environmental conditions affect lay date plasticity in Savannah Sparrows.

Author

Burant, Joseph B., Heisey, Eric W., Wheelwright, Nathaniel T., Newman, Amy E. M., Whelan, Shannon, Mennill, Daniel J., Doucet, Stéphanie M., Mitchell, Greg W., Woodworth, Bradley K., and Norris, D. Ryan

Subjects
SPARROWS, MATING grounds, PHENOTYPIC plasticity, POPULATION density, POPULATION dynamics
Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adjust the timing of life‐history events in response to environmental and demographic conditions. Shifts by individuals in the timing of breeding with respect to variation in age and temperature are well documented in nature, and these changes are known to scale to affect population dynamics. However, relatively little is known about how organisms alter phenology in response to other demographic and environmental factors. We investigated how pre‐breeding temperature, breeding population density, age, and rainfall in the first month of life influenced the timing and plasticity of lay date in a population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) monitored over 33 yr (1987–2019). Females that experienced warmer pre‐breeding temperatures tended to lay eggs earlier, as did older females, but breeding population density had no effect on lay date. Natal precipitation interacted with age to influence lay date plasticity, with females that experienced high precipitation levels as nestlings advancing lay dates more strongly over the course of their lives. We also found evidence for varied pace of life; females that experienced high natal precipitation had shorter lifespans and reduced fecundity, but more nesting attempts over their lifetimes. Rainfall during the nestling period increased through time, while population density and fecundity declined, suggesting that increased precipitation on the breeding grounds may be detrimental to breeding females and ultimately the viability of the population as a whole. Our results suggest that females adjust their laying date in response to pre‐breeding temperature, and as they age, while presenting new evidence that environmental conditions during the natal period can affect phenological plasticity and generate downstream, population‐level effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. Understanding Maladaptation by Uniting Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives

Author

Brady, Steven P., primary, Bolnick, Daniel I., additional, Barrett, Rowan D. H., additional, Chapman, Lauren, additional, Crispo, Erika, additional, Derry, Alison M., additional, Eckert, Christopher G., additional, Fraser, Dylan J., additional, Fussmann, Gregor F., additional, Gonzalez, Andrew, additional, Guichard, Frederic, additional, Lamy, Thomas, additional, Lane, Jeffrey, additional, McAdam, Andrew G., additional, Newman, Amy E. M., additional, Paccard, Antoine, additional, Robertson, Bruce, additional, Rolshausen, Gregor, additional, Schulte, Patricia M., additional, Simons, Andrew M., additional, Vellend, Mark, additional, and Hendry, Andrew, additional

Published
2019
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45. Causes of maladaptation

Author

Brady, Steven P., Bolnick, Daniel I., Angert, Amy L., Gonzalez, Andrew, Barrett, Rowan D. H., Crispo, Erika, Derry, Alison M., Eckert, Christopher G., Fraser, Dylan J., Fussmann, Gregor F., Guichard, Frederic, Lamy, Thomas, McAdam, Andrew G., Newman, Amy E. M., Paccard, Antoine, Rolshausen, Gregor, Simons, Andrew M., Hendry, Andrew P., Brady, Steven P., Bolnick, Daniel I., Angert, Amy L., Gonzalez, Andrew, Barrett, Rowan D. H., Crispo, Erika, Derry, Alison M., Eckert, Christopher G., Fraser, Dylan J., Fussmann, Gregor F., Guichard, Frederic, Lamy, Thomas, McAdam, Andrew G., Newman, Amy E. M., Paccard, Antoine, Rolshausen, Gregor, Simons, Andrew M., and Hendry, Andrew P.

Abstract

Evolutionary biologists tend to approach the study of the natural world within a framework of adaptation, inspired perhaps by the power of natural selection to produce fitness advantages that drive population persistence and biological diversity. In contrast, evolution has rarely been studied through the lens of adaptation's complement, maladaptation. This contrast is surprising because maladaptation is a prevalent feature of evolution: population trait values are rarely distributed optimally; local populations often have lower fitness than imported ones; populations decline; and local and global extinctions are common. Yet we lack a general framework for understanding maladaptation; for instance in terms of distribution, severity, and dynamics. Similar uncertainties apply to the causes of maladaptation. We suggest that incorporating maladaptation‐based perspectives into evolutionary biology would facilitate better understanding of the natural world. Approaches within a maladaptation framework might be especially profitable in applied evolution contexts – where reductions in fitness are common. Toward advancing a more balanced study of evolution, here we present a conceptual framework describing causes of maladaptation. As the introductory article for a Special Feature on maladaptation, we also summarize the studies in this Issue, highlighting the causes of maladaptation in each study. We hope that our framework and the papers in this Special Issue will help catalyze the study of maladaptation in applied evolution, supporting greater understanding of evolutionary dynamics in our rapidly changing world.

Published
2019

48. A roadmap for urban evolutionary ecology

Author

Rivkin, L. Ruth, primary, Santangelo, James S., additional, Alberti, Marina, additional, Aronson, Myla F. J., additional, de Keyzer, Charlotte W., additional, Diamond, Sarah E., additional, Fortin, Marie‐Josée, additional, Frazee, Lauren J., additional, Gorton, Amanda J., additional, Hendry, Andrew P., additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Losos, Jonathan B., additional, MacIvor, J. Scott, additional, Martin, Ryan A., additional, McDonnell, Mark J., additional, Miles, Lindsay S., additional, Munshi‐South, Jason, additional, Ness, Robert W., additional, Newman, Amy E. M., additional, Stothart, Mason R., additional, Theodorou, Panagiotis, additional, Thompson, Ken A., additional, Verrelli, Brian C., additional, Whitehead, Andrew, additional, Winchell, Kristin M., additional, and Johnson, Marc T. J., additional

Published
2018
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50. Captive-reared migratory monarch butterflies show natural orientation when released in the wild.

Author

Wilcox, Alana A E, Newman, Amy E M, Raine, Nigel E, Mitchell, Greg W, and Norris, D Ryan

Subjects
MONARCH butterfly, FLIGHT simulators, FLIGHT testing, PUBLIC education, VOLUNTEERS
Abstract

Eastern North American migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) have faced sharp declines over the past two decades. Captive rearing of monarch butterflies is a popular and widely used approach for both public education and conservation. However, recent evidence suggests that captive-reared monarchs may lose their capacity to orient southward during fall migration to their Mexican overwintering sites, raising questions about the value and ethics of this activity undertaken by tens of thousands of North American citizens, educators, volunteers and conservationists each year. We raised offspring of wild-caught monarchs on swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) indoors at 29°C during the day and 23°C at night (~77% RH, 18L:6D), and after eclosion, individuals were either tested in a flight simulator or radio tracked in the wild using an array of automated telemetry towers. While 26% (10/39) of monarchs tested in the flight simulator showed a weakly concentrated southward orientation, 97% (28/29) of the radio-tracked individuals that could be reliably detected by automated towers flew in a south to southeast direction from the release site and were detected at distances of up to 200 km away. Our results suggest that, although captive rearing of monarch butterflies may cause temporary disorientation, proper orientation is likely established after exposure to natural skylight cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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