Author: "New York University [Abu Dhabi]" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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2,079 results on '"New York University [Abu Dhabi]"'

1. Project I Test: Implementing HIV Testing in Opioid Treatment Programs

Author: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, University of Miami, Boston Medical Center, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., San Francisco Department of Public Health, New York University Abu Dhabi, and Lisa Metsch, Professor of Sociomedical Sciences
Published: 2024

2. Quantitative videomicroscopy reveals latent control of cell-pair rotations in vivo

Author: European Commission, Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), University of Nottingham, New York University Abu Dhabi, Miranda-Rodríguez, Jerónimo R. [0000-0002-2775-6719], Borges, Augusto [0000-0003-0773-5352], Dierkes, Kai [0000-0002-9174-3517], Mineo, Alessandro [0000-0002-7047-1313], Solon, Jérôme [0000-0001-9967-9794], Chara, Osvaldo [0000-0002-0868-2507], López-Schier, Hernán [0000-0001-7925-7439], Kozak, Eva L., Miranda-Rodríguez, Jerónimo R., Borges, Augusto, Dierkes, Kai, Mineo, Alessandro, Pinto-Teixeira, Filipe, Viader-Llargués, Oriol, Solon, Jérôme, Chara, Osvaldo, López-Schier, Hernán, European Commission, Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), University of Nottingham, New York University Abu Dhabi, Miranda-Rodríguez, Jerónimo R. [0000-0002-2775-6719], Borges, Augusto [0000-0003-0773-5352], Dierkes, Kai [0000-0002-9174-3517], Mineo, Alessandro [0000-0002-7047-1313], Solon, Jérôme [0000-0001-9967-9794], Chara, Osvaldo [0000-0002-0868-2507], López-Schier, Hernán [0000-0001-7925-7439], Kozak, Eva L., Miranda-Rodríguez, Jerónimo R., Borges, Augusto, Dierkes, Kai, Mineo, Alessandro, Pinto-Teixeira, Filipe, Viader-Llargués, Oriol, Solon, Jérôme, Chara, Osvaldo, and López-Schier, Hernán
Abstract: Collective cell rotations are widely used during animal organogenesis. Theoretical and in vitro studies have conceptualized rotating cells as identical rigid-point objects that stochastically break symmetry to move monotonously and perpetually within an inert environment. However, it is unclear whether this notion can be extrapolated to a natural context, where rotations are ephemeral and heterogeneous cellular cohorts interact with an active epithelium. In zebrafish neuromasts, nascent sibling hair cells invert positions by rotating ≤180° around their geometric center after acquiring different identities via Notch1a-mediated asymmetric repression of Emx2. Here, we show that this multicellular rotation is a three-phasic movement that progresses via coherent homotypic coupling and heterotypic junction remodeling. We found no correlation between rotations and epithelium-wide cellular flow or anisotropic resistive forces. Moreover, the Notch/Emx2 status of the cell dyad does not determine asymmetric interactions with the surrounding epithelium. Aided by computer modeling, we suggest that initial stochastic inhomogeneities generate a metastable state that poises cells to move and spontaneous intercellular coordination of the resulting instabilities enables persistently directional rotations, whereas Notch1a-determined symmetry breaking buffers rotational noise.
Published: 2023

3. Distributed data-driven UAV formation control via evolutionary games: Experimental results

Author: Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), New York University Abu Dhabi, Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Barreiro-Gómez, Julian, Mas, Ignacio, Giribet, Juan Ignacio, Moreno, Patricio, Ocampo-Martínez, Carlos, Sánchez-Peña, Ricardo S., Quijano, Nicanor, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), New York University Abu Dhabi, Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Barreiro-Gómez, Julian, Mas, Ignacio, Giribet, Juan Ignacio, Moreno, Patricio, Ocampo-Martínez, Carlos, Sánchez-Peña, Ricardo S., and Quijano, Nicanor
Abstract: This work proposes a novel data-driven distributed formation-control approach based on multi-population evolutionary games, which is structured in a leader-follower scheme. The methodology considers a time-varying communication graph that describes how the multiple agents share information to each other. We present stability guarantees for configurations given by time-varying interaction networks, making the proposed method suitable for real-world problems where communication constraints change along the time. Additionally, the proposed formation controller allows for an agent to leave or enter the group without the need to modify the behaviors of other agents in the group. This game-theoretical approach is evaluated through numerical simulations and real outdoors experimental results using a fleet of aerial autonomous vehicles, showing the control performance.
Published: 2021

4. Introduction. Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later Ashʿarism East and West

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), John Templeton Foundation, New York University Abu Dhabi, Thiele, Jan [0000-0002-8865-5997], Shihadeh, Ayman [0000-0003-1872-9863], Shihadeh, Ayman, Thiele, Jan, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), John Templeton Foundation, New York University Abu Dhabi, Thiele, Jan [0000-0002-8865-5997], Shihadeh, Ayman [0000-0003-1872-9863], Shihadeh, Ayman, and Thiele, Jan
Published: 2020

5. Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later Ashʿarism East and West

Author: John Templeton Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), New York University Abu Dhabi, Thiele, Jan [0000-0002-8865-5997], Shihadeh, Ayman [0000-0003-1872-9863], Shihadeh, Ayman, Thiele, Jan, John Templeton Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), New York University Abu Dhabi, Thiele, Jan [0000-0002-8865-5997], Shihadeh, Ayman [0000-0003-1872-9863], Shihadeh, Ayman, and Thiele, Jan
Abstract: Philosophical Theology in Islam studies the later history of the Ashʿarī school of theology through in-depth probings of its thought, sources, scholarly networks and contexts. Starting with a review of al-Ghazālī’s role in the emergence of post-Avicennan philosophical theology, the book offers a series of case studies on hitherto unstudied texts by the towering thinker Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī as well as specific philosophical and theological topics treated in his works. Studies furthermore shed light on the transmission and reception of later Ashʿarī doctrines in periods and regions that have so far received little scholarly attention. This book is the first exploration of the later Ashʿarī tradition across the medieval and early-modern period through a trans-regional perspective.
Published: 2020

6. The bright outburst of a new black hole candidate: Optical observations of MAXI J1820+070 from the Montsec observatory

Author: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, New York University Abu Dhabi, Linares Alegret, Manuel, Russell, B.D., Celma Querol, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, New York University Abu Dhabi, Linares Alegret, Manuel, Russell, B.D., and Celma Querol, Carlos
Abstract: The motivation of this thesis is to monitor the data of the 2018 outburst of the black hole candidate MAXI J1820+070. This project combines theoretical background about X-ray binaries with the experimental work done in the process of achieving optical magnitudes using a CCD camera: Telescopi Joan Oró ground based telescope. We present the optical light curves and colours of MAXI J1820+070 during the March-November 2018 outburst. After obtaining the magnitudes, using MAXI and Swift-UVOT as space observatories we extend our range to the X-ray band and study the different states and physical processes that occur in them. Finally, we give physical interpretation of all obtained data and characterize the spectral shape of the infrared, optical, UV and X-ray emission in the different components of MAXI J1820+070 outburst. We conclude that MAXI J1820+070 show the typical properties of a BHT: our results show the canonical BHT states, the disk irradiation changing in the soft state and the linear increase of the R-I colour indicating a cooling of the disk. We also give evidence that the optical emission in the soft state is bluer than in the hard.
Published: 2019

7. Assessing audio-visual integration in speech in minimally verbal young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Neuroscience of Language Conference (April 22-23, 2019: New York University Abu Dhabi), Kissine, Mikhail, Bertels, Julie, Deconinck, Nicolas, Passeri, G., Deliens, Gaétane, Neuroscience of Language Conference (April 22-23, 2019: New York University Abu Dhabi), Kissine, Mikhail, Bertels, Julie, Deconinck, Nicolas, Passeri, G., and Deliens, Gaétane
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2019

8. Differences in recent and future trends in the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone: processes and uncertainties

Author: Zouhair Lachkar, Marina Lévy, Derara Hailegeorgis, Parvathi Vallivattathillam, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Research Institute Grant CG009
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The Arabian Sea is an exceptionally complex system that hosts a highly productive marine ecosystem. This intense productivity leads to high oxygen consumption at depth that maintains, together with the sluggish circulation, the world’s thickest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). While observations have been scarce in the region, evidence for a recent (1960-2020) decline in oxygen is emerging in the northern Arabian Sea. However, in the longer term (2050 to 2100) the future evolution of the OMZ is more uncertain, as the model projections that have been carried out are not consistent with each other. On the one hand, this reflects the limitations of current generation models that do not adequately represent key physical and biogeochemical processes, resulting in large O2 biases in the region under present-day conditions. On the other hand, the inherent difficulty of predicting future O2 conditions in the Arabian Sea is a consequence of the sensitivity of O2 supply and consumption to local and remote changes that evolve on different timescales. Here we aim to synthesize current knowledge of the Arabian Sea OMZ in relation to important factors controlling its intensity and review its recent change and potential future evolution. In particular, we explore potential causes of the differences in recent and future O2 trends in the region and identify key challenges to our ability to project future OMZ changes and discuss ideas for the way forward.
Published: 2023

9. LONG TIME DISPERSIVE ESTIMATES FOR PERTURBATIONS OF A KINK SOLUTION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL CUBIC WAVE EQUATIONS

Author: Delort, Jean-Marc, Masmoudi, Nader, Laboratoire Analyse, Géométrie et Applications (LAGA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), and New York University Abu Dhabi (NYU Abu Dhabi)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP]
Published: 2020

10. An energy method for averaging lemmas

Author: Diogo Arsénio, Nicolas Lerner, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYU Abu Dhabi), Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu - Paris Rive Gauche (IMJ-PRG (UMR_7586)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), New York University [Abu Dhabi], and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: Physical model, 010102 general mathematics, Ocean Engineering, Extension (predicate logic), Term (logic), Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Dual (category theory), 010101 applied mathematics, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Kinetic theory of gases, FOS: Mathematics, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Point (geometry), 0101 mathematics, Convection–diffusion equation, Mathematics, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: This work introduces a new approach to velocity averaging lemmas in kinetic theory. This approach -- based upon the classical energy method -- provides a powerful duality principle in kinetic transport equations which allows for a natural extension of classical averaging lemmas to previously unknown cases where the density and the source term belong to dual spaces. More generally, this kinetic duality principle produces regularity results where one can trade a loss of regularity or integrability somewhere in the kinetic transport equation for a suitable opposite gain elsewhere. Also, it looks simpler and more robust to rely on proving inequalities instead of constructing exact parametrices. The results in this article are introduced from a functional analytic point of view. They are motivated by the abstract regularity theory of kinetic transport equations. However, we may recall that velocity averaging lemmas have profound implications in kinetic theory and its related physical models. In particular, the precise formulation of such results has the potential to lead to important applications to the regularity of renormalizations of Boltzmann-type equations, as well as kinetic formulations of gas dynamics, for instance.
Published: 2020

11. Strong Intensification of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone in Response to Arabian Gulf Warming

Author: Zouhair Lachkar, Marina Lévy, K. Smith, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Center for Prototype Climate Modeling (CPCM), the New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Research Institute, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oxygen minimum zone, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Salinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Indian ocean, Geophysics, Oceanography, Nitrate, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Circulation Model, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The highly saline, oxygen-saturated waters of the Arabian Gulf (hereafter the Gulf) sink to intermediate depths (200-300 m) when they enter the Arabian Sea, ventilating the World's thickest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Here, we investigate the impacts of a warming of the Gulf consistent with climate change projections on the intensity of this OMZ. Using a series of eddy-resolving model simulations, we show that the warming of the Gulf waters increases their buoyancy and hence limits their contribution to the ventilation of intermediate depths. This leads to an intensification of the OMZ and an increase in denitrification that depletes subsurface nitrate and limits deoxygenation at depth. The projected future concomitant increase of Gulf salinity only partially reduces the OMZ intensification. Our findings highlight the importance of the Arabian marginal seas for the biogeochemistry of the North Indian Ocean and stress the need for improving their representation in global climate models. Plain Language Summary Dissolved oxygen in the ocean is fundamental for marine life. While relatively abundant in surface waters, oxygen generally declines with depth as it is consumed by organisms' respiration. In certain regions like the Arabian Sea, oxygen concentrations are too low at depth to support marine animals. These are known as "oxygen minimum zones" (OMZs). At their core, extreme oxygen depletion known as suboxia can also cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen, essential for phytoplankton growth. Using a series of computer simulations, we show that the sinking of oxygen-saturated dense waters formed in the Arabian Gulf contributes to oxygen replenishment of the intermediate depths (200-300 m) in the northern Arabian Sea, reducing the intensity of the OMZ and limiting the volume of its suboxic core. We also show that a warming of the Gulf waters consistent with recent observations and future climate projections limits their ability to sink and ventilate the intermediate depths. This results in a strong intensification of the OMZ and an important loss of bioavailable nitrogen. Our findings highlight the importance of semienclosed seas like the Arabian Gulf for the ventilation of the ocean and hence stress the need for improving their representation in climate models.
Published: 2019

12. CoNLL-UL: Universal Morphological Lattices for Universal Dependency Parsing

Author: More, A., Çetinoglu, Ö, Çöltekin, Ç, Habash, N., Sagot, B., Seddah, D., Dima Taji, Tsarfaty, R., Open University of Israël, Institute for Natural Language Processing [Stuttgart], University of Stuttgart, University of Tübingen, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Automatic Language Modelling and ANAlysis & Computational Humanities (ALMAnaCH), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), ANR-16-CE33-0021,PARSITI,Analyser l'impossible, Traduire l'improbable(2016), ANR-15-CE38-0011,SoSweet,Une sociolinguistique de Twitter : liens sociaux et variations linguistiques(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), New York University Abu Dhabi, Automatic Language Modelling and ANAlysis & Computational Humanities ( ALMAnaCH ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), ANR-16-CE33-0021,Parsiti,Parsing the Improbable : Translating the Improbable, ANR-15-CE38-0011-03,SoSweet,A Sociolinguistics of Twitter: Social Networks and Linguistic Variations, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02/10-LABX-0083,EFL,Empirical Foundations of Linguistics : data, methods, models ( 2011 ), and ANR-11-IDEX-0005,EFL,Empirical Foundations of Linguistics : data, methods, models(2011)
Subjects: Morphology, Universal Dependencies, [ INFO.INFO-CL ] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Morphological Ambiguity, Morphological Analysis, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL]
Abstract: International audience; Following the development of the universal dependencies (UD) framework and the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task on end-to-end UD parsing, we address the need for a universal representation of morphological analysis which on the one hand can capture a range of different alternative morphological analyses of surface tokens, and on the other hand is compatible with the segmentation and morphological annotation guidelines prescribed for UD treebanks. We propose the CoNLL universal lattices (CoNLL-UL) format, a new annotation format for word lattices that represent morphological analyses, and provide resources that obey this format for a range of typologically different languages. The resources we provide are harmonized with the two-level representation and morphological annotation in their respective UD v2 treebanks, thus enabling research on universal models for morphological and syntactic parsing , in both pipeline and joint settings, and presenting new opportunities in the development of UD resources for low-resource languages.
Published: 2018

13. Gender inequality and self-publication are common among academic editors

Author: Matteo Chiesa, Fengyuan Liu, Bedoor AlShebli, Petter Holme, Talal Rahwan, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, Social Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Abstract: Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge support and resources from the High Performance Computing Center at New York University Abu Dhabi. We thank A. Kyriazidou and C. Haefke for their feedback and comments, which improved the paper. This work was supported by the New York University Abu Dhabi (Global PhD Student Fellowship to F.L.) and JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP21H04595 to P.H.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s). Scientific editors shape the content of academic journals and set standards for their fields. Yet, the degree to which the gender makeup of editors reflects that of scientists, and the rate at which editors publish in their own journals, are not entirely understood. Here, we use algorithmic tools to infer the gender of 81,000 editors serving more than 1,000 journals and 15 disciplines over five decades. Only 26% of authors in our dataset are women, and we find even fewer women among editors (14%) and editors-in-chief (8%). Career length explains the gender gap among editors, but not editors-in-chief. Moreover, by analysing the publication records of 20,000 editors, we find that 12% publish at least one-fifth, and 6% publish at least one-third, of their papers in the journal they edit. Editors-in-chief tend to self-publish at a higher rate. Finally, compared with women, men have a higher increase in the rate at which they publish in a journal soon after becoming its editor.
Published: 2023

14. Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

Author: Rustamkulov, Z., Sing, D. K., Mukherjee, S., May, E. M., Kirk, J., Schlawin, E., Line, M. R., Piaulet, C., Carter, A. L., Batalha, N. E., Goyal, J. M., López-Morales, M., Lothringer, J. D., MacDonald, R. J., Moran, S. E., Stevenson, K. B., Wakeford, H. R., Espinoza, N., Bean, J. L., Batalha, N. M., Benneke, B., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Crossfield, I. J. M., Gao, P., Kreidberg, L., Powell, D. K., Cubillos, P. E., Gibson, N. P., Leconte, J., Molaverdikhani, K., Nikolov, N. K., Parmentier, V., Roy, P., Taylor, J., Turner, J. D., Wheatley, P. J., Aggarwal, K., Ahrer, E., Alam, M. K., Alderson, L., Allen, N. H., Banerjee, A., Barat, S., Barrado, D., Barstow, J. K., Bell, T. J., Blecic, J., Brande, J., Casewell, S., Changeat, Q., Chubb, K. L., Crouzet, N., Daylan, T., Decin, L., Désert, J., Mikal-Evans, T., Feinstein, A. D., Flagg, L., Fortney, J. J., Harrington, J., Heng, K., Hong, Y., Hu, R., Iro, N., Kataria, T., Kempton, E. M.-R., Krick, J., Lendl, M., Lillo-Box, J., Louca, A., Lustig-Yaeger, J., Mancini, L., Mansfield, M., Mayne, N. J., Miguel, Y., Morello, G., Ohno, K., Palle, E., Petit Dit De La Roche, D. J. M., Rackham, B. V., Radica, M., Ramos-Rosado, L., Redfield, S., Rogers, L. K., Shkolnik, E. L., Southworth, J., Teske, J., Tremblin, P., Tucker, G. S., Venot, O., Waalkes, W. C., Welbanks, L., Zhang, X., Zieba, S., University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Rustamkulov, Z. [0000-0003-4408-0463], Sing, D. K. [0000-0001-6050-7645], Line, M. R. [0000-0001-6247-8323], Piaulet, C. [0000-0002-2875-917X], Goyal, J. M. [0000-0002-8515-7204], López-Morales, M. [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lothringer, J. D. [0000-0003-3667-8633], Stevenson, K. B. [0000-0002-7352-7941], Wakeford, H. R. [0000-0003-4328-3867], Benneke, B. [0000-0001-5578-1498], Powell, D. K. [0000-0002-4250-0957], Gibson, N. P. [0000-0002-9308-2353], Molaverdikhani, K. [0000-0002-0502-0428], Nikolov, N. K. [0000-0002-6500-3574], Taylor, J. [0000-0003-4844-9838], Wheatley, P. J. [0000-0003-1452-2240], Aggarwal, K. [0000-0002-7004-8670], Ahrer, E. [0000-0003-0973-8426], Alderson, L. [0000-0001-8703-7751], Allen, N. H. [0000-0002-0832-710X], Banerjee, A. [0000-0002-9124-6537], Barrado, D. [0000-0002-5971-9242], Barstow, J. K. [0000-0003-3726-5419], Crouzet, N. [0000-0001-7866-8738], Daylan, T. [0000-0002-6939-9211], Decin, L. [0000-0002-5342-8612], Mikal-Evans, T. [0000-0001-5442-1300], Feinstein, A. D. [0000-0002-9464-8101], Harrington, J. [0000-0002-8955-8531], Hu, R. [0000-0003-2215-8485], Kempton, E. M.-R. [0000-0002-1337-9051], Lillo-Box, J. [0000-0003-3742-1987], Mancini, L. [0000-0002-9428-8732], Mansfield, M. [0000-0003-4241-7413], Mayne, N. J. [0000-0001-6707-4563], Morello, G. [0000-0002-4262-5661], Palle, E. [0000-0003-0987-1593], Petit dit de la Roche, D. J. M. [0000-0002-8963-3810], Redfield, S. [0000-0003-3786-3486], Southworth, J. [0000-0002-3807-3198], Tremblin, P. [0000-0001-6172-3403], Zhang, X. [0000-0002-8706-6963], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Imperial College London, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Physics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Utah Valley University (UVU), Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University [New York], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Chicago], University of Chicago, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Lawrence Kansas], University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Earth and Planets Laboratory [Washington], Carnegie Institution for Science, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Trinity College Dublin, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Observatory Munich, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of Warwick [Coventry], Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Observatories [Carnegie Institution], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), University of Leicester, European Space Agency (Baltimore) Space Telescope Science Institute (ESA), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), Princeton University, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [UCSC Santa Cruz], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Florida Space Institute [Orlando] (FSI), University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de recherches Arctiques Jean Malaurie (IRAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay, Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, Entomological Society of America, ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute, STScI, Heising-Simons Foundation, HSF, Canadian Space Agency, CSA, (JWST-ERS-01366, NAS 5-03127), Rustamkulov, Z [0000-0003-4408-0463], Sing, DK [0000-0001-6050-7645], Line, MR [0000-0001-6247-8323], Piaulet, C [0000-0002-2875-917X], Goyal, JM [0000-0002-8515-7204], López-Morales, M [0000-0003-3204-8183], Lothringer, JD [0000-0003-3667-8633], Stevenson, KB [0000-0002-7352-7941], Wakeford, HR [0000-0003-4328-3867], Benneke, B [0000-0001-5578-1498], Powell, DK [0000-0002-4250-0957], Gibson, NP [0000-0002-9308-2353], Molaverdikhani, K [0000-0002-0502-0428], Nikolov, NK [0000-0002-6500-3574], Taylor, J [0000-0003-4844-9838], Wheatley, PJ [0000-0003-1452-2240], Aggarwal, K [0000-0002-7004-8670], Ahrer, E [0000-0003-0973-8426], Alderson, L [0000-0001-8703-7751], Allen, NH [0000-0002-0832-710X], Banerjee, A [0000-0002-9124-6537], Barrado, D [0000-0002-5971-9242], Barstow, JK [0000-0003-3726-5419], Crouzet, N [0000-0001-7866-8738], Daylan, T [0000-0002-6939-9211], Decin, L [0000-0002-5342-8612], Mikal-Evans, T [0000-0001-5442-1300], Feinstein, AD [0000-0002-9464-8101], Harrington, J [0000-0002-8955-8531], Hu, R [0000-0003-2215-8485], Kempton, EM-R [0000-0002-1337-9051], Lillo-Box, J [0000-0003-3742-1987], Mancini, L [0000-0002-9428-8732], Mansfield, M [0000-0003-4241-7413], Mayne, NJ [0000-0001-6707-4563], Morello, G [0000-0002-4262-5661], Palle, E [0000-0003-0987-1593], Petit Dit de la Roche, DJM [0000-0002-8963-3810], Redfield, S [0000-0003-3786-3486], Southworth, J [0000-0002-3807-3198], Tremblin, P [0000-0001-6172-3403], and Zhang, X [0000-0002-8706-6963]
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 141, MCC, Multidisciplinary, Settore FIS/05, 134, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 639/33/445/862, article, FOS: Physical sciences, 639/33/445/824, DAS, 639/33/34/862, 5109 Space Sciences, 140, QC Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QB Astronomy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QC, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, QB
Abstract: Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations' relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species$-$in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5-5.5 $\mu$m atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39 b, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec's PRISM mode as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19$\sigma$), H$_2$O (33$\sigma$), CO$_2$ (28$\sigma$), and CO (7$\sigma$). The non-detection of CH$_4$, combined with a strong CO$_2$ feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4$\mu$m is best explained by SO$_2$ (2.7$\sigma$), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST's sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes., Comment: 41 pages, 4 main figures, 10 extended data figures, 4 tables. Under review in Nature
Published: 2023

15. Unsupervised geodesic convex combination of shape dissimilarity measures

Author: Dominique Michelucci, Kamal Eddine Melkemi, Bilal Mokhtari, Sebti Foufou, Département d'Informatique [FSESNV-Biskra], Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra ( BISKRA ) -Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra ( BISKRA ), Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image UMR CNRS 6306 ( Le2i ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers ( ENSAM ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, New York University Abu Dhabi, Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra (BISKRA)-Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra (BISKRA), Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image [EA 7508] (Le2i), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), New York University [Abu Dhabi], and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: Similarity (geometry), Geodesic, Linear programming, Dissimilarity measures, Shape matching, 02 engineering and technology, Measure (mathematics), Descriptors, Similarity, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Set (abstract data type), Artificial Intelligence, Models, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Convex combination, [ INFO.INFO-AI ] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Mathematics, Geodesic distance, Retrieval, business.industry, Regular polygon, 020207 software engineering, Pattern recognition, Fusion of descriptors, Signal Processing, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Software
Abstract: International audience; Dissimilarity or distance metrics are the cornerstone of shape matching and retrieval algorithms. As there is no unique dissimilarity measure that gives good performances in all possible configurations, these metrics are usually combined to provide reliable results. In this paper we propose to compute the best linear convex, or weighted, combination of any set of measured shape distances to enhance shape matching algorithms. To do so, a database is represented as a graph, where nodes are shapes and the edges carry the convex combination of dissimilarity measures. Weights are chosen to maximize the weighted distances between the query shape and shapes in the database. The optimal weights are solutions of a linear programming problem. This fully unsupervised method improves the outcomes of any set of shape similarity measures as shown in our experimental results performed on several popular 3D shape benchmarks. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V
Published: 2017

16. Intensification and deepening of the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone in response to increase in Indian monsoon wind intensity

Author: Marina Lévy, K. Shafer Smith, Zouhair Lachkar, Center for Prototype Climate Modeling, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNES ID 3148, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Center for Prototype Climate Modeling (CPCM), and New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Regional Ocean Modeling System, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oxygen minimum zone, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:QH540-549.5, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 030304 developmental biology, Monsoon of South Asia, 0303 health sciences, Global warming, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Ecology, Geology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The decline in oxygen supply to the ocean associated with global warming is expected to expand oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). This global trend can be attenuated or amplified by regional processes. In the Arabian Sea, the world's thickest OMZ is highly vulnerable to changes in the Indian monsoon wind. Evidence from paleo-records and future climate projections indicates strong variations of the Indian monsoon wind intensity over climatic timescales. Yet, the response of the OMZ to these wind changes remains poorly understood and its amplitude and timescale unexplored. Here, we investigate the impacts of perturbations in Indian monsoon wind intensity (from −50 to +50 %) on the size and intensity of the Arabian Sea OMZ, and examine the biogeochemical and ecological implications of these changes. To this end, we conducted a series of eddy-resolving simulations of the Arabian Sea using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a nitrogen-based nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model that includes a representation of the O2 cycle. We show that the Arabian Sea productivity increases and its OMZ expands and deepens in response to monsoon wind intensification. These responses are dominated by the perturbation of the summer monsoon wind, whereas the changes in the winter monsoon wind play a secondary role. While the productivity responds quickly and nearly linearly to wind increase (i.e., on a timescale of years), the OMZ response is much slower (i.e., a timescale of decades). Our analysis reveals that the OMZ expansion at depth is driven by increased oxygen biological consumption, whereas its surface weakening is induced by increased ventilation. The enhanced ventilation favors episodic intrusions of oxic waters in the lower epipelagic zone (100–200 m) of the western and central Arabian Sea, leading to intermittent expansions of marine habitats and a more frequent alternation of hypoxic and oxic conditions there. The increased productivity and deepening of the OMZ also lead to a strong intensification of denitrification at depth, resulting in a substantial amplification of fixed nitrogen depletion in the Arabian Sea. We conclude that changes in the Indian monsoon can affect, on longer timescales, the large-scale biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon, with a positive feedback on climate change in the case of stronger winds. Additional potential changes in large-scale ocean ventilation and stratification may affect the sensitivity of the Arabian Sea OMZ to monsoon intensification.
Published: 2017

17. Digitization and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Products

Author: Abdelhak Belhi, Abdul Hamid Sadka, Sebti Foufou, Abdelaziz Bouras, Qatar University, Décision et Information pour les Systèmes de Production (DISP), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Bourgogne (UB), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Brunel University London [Uxbridge], José Ríos, Alain Bernard, Abdelaziz Bouras, Sebti Foufou, TC 5, WG 5.1, Décision et Information pour les Systèmes de Production ( DISP ), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), New York University Abu Dhabi, and Brunel University
Subjects: Architectural engineering, Engineering, [ INFO ] Computer Science [cs], 02 engineering and technology, Plm, PLM, 01 natural sciences, 3D modeling, Product lifecycle, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Digital preservation, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], CEPROQHA project, Digitization, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_MISCELLANEOUS, 010401 analytical chemistry, 020207 software engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Semantic enrichment, Cultural heritage, Digital heritage, Special care, business
Abstract: Cultural heritage encompasses various aspects of a nation's history. Cultural heritage artifacts are considered as priceless items that need special care. Since the wide adoption of new digital technologies, documenting and storing cultural heritage assets became more affordable and reliable. These records are then used in several applications. Researchers saw the opportunity to use digital heritage recordings for long-term preservation. They are considering cultural heritage artifacts as products, and the history behind them as a product lifecycle. In this paper, we present the research progress in cultural heritage digital processing and preservation, highlighting the most impactful advances. Additionally, we present the CEPROQHA project which is a new approach aiming at achieving cost-effective acquisition and digital preservation for cultural heritage artifacts in Qatar. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2017. Acknowledgement. This publication was made possible by NPRP grant 9-181-1-036 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. Scopus
Published: 2017

18. Shrinking of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone with climate change projected with a downscaled model

Author: Vallivattathillam, Parvathi, Lachkar, Zouhair, Lévy, Marina, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, climate change, oxygen minimum zone, Arabian Sea, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, downscaling, ocean modeling, CMIP5, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: In Arabian Sea (AS), land-locked northern boundary and strong seasonal productivity lead to the formation of one of the most intense open ocean Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs). Presence of this perennial OMZ has significant consequences on adjacent coastal fisheries and ecosystem. Simulations from CMIP5 suggest significant weakening of both monsoonal winds and productivity under high emission scenario. But the fate of AS OMZ in this scenario - whether it will expand or shrink - still remains elusive, mainly due to poor representation of extent and strength of AS OMZ in CMIP5 present-day simulations. To address this, we analyze the distribution of O2 in AS from a subset of three contrasted CMIP5 simulations, and complemented with a set of regional downscaled model experiments which we forced at surface and open boundaries using information from those three CMIP5 models. We tested two regional downscaling approaches - with and without correction of CMIP5 biases with respect to observations. Using a set of sensitivity experiments, we disentangle the contributions of local (atmospheric) forcing vs. remote (at the lateral boundaries) forcing in driving the future projected O2 changes. While CMIP5 projects either shrinking or expansion of the AS OMZ depending on the model, our downscaling experiments consistently project a shrinking of AS OMZ. We show that projected O2 changes in OMZ layer are affected by both local and remote processes. In the southern AS, the main response to climate change is oxygenation that originates from the boundaries, and hence downscalled and CMIP5 model responses are similar. In contrast, in northern AS, downscaling yields a substantial reduction in O2 projection discrepancies because of a minimal influence of remote forcing there leading to a stronger sensitivity to improved local physics and improved model representation of present-day conditions. We find that when corrected for present-day biases, projected deoxygenation in the northern AS is shallower. Our findings indicate the importance of downscaling of global models in regions where local forcing is dominant, and the need for correcting global model biases with respect to observations to reduce uncertainties in future O2 projections.
Published: 2023

19. Impact, healthcare utilization and costs of travel-associated mosquito-borne diseases in international travellers: a prospective study

Author: Tozan, Yesim, Headley, Tyler, Javelle, Emilie, Gautret, Philippe, Grobusch, Martin, de Pijper, Cornelis, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Chen, Lin, Bourque, Daniel, Menéndez, Marta, Moro, Lucia, Gobbi, Federico, Sánchez-Montalvá, Adrián, Connor, Bradley, Matteelli, Alberto, Crosato, Verena, Huits, Ralph, Libman, Michael, Hamer, Davidson, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Service de Santé des Armées, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Department of Infectious Diseases [Amsterdam, Netherlands] (Academic Medical Center), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Tropical and Travel Medicine [Amsterdam, Netherlands], University of Amsterdam, Center for Tropical and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Travel Medicine Center - Mt. Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Travel Medicine Center - Mt. Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos IIIl, Madrid, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital [Vérone, Italie], International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Weill Cornell Medicine and the New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, New York, Civic Hospital of Brescia, Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases, Montreal, Quebec, and Boston University [Boston] (BU)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, General Medicine, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: Background International travellers frequently acquire infectious diseases whilst travelling, yet relatively little is known about the impact and economic burden of these illnesses on travellers. We conducted a prospective exploratory costing study on adult returning travellers with falciparum malaria, dengue, chikungunya or Zika virus. Methods Patients were recruited in eight Travel and Tropical Medicine clinics between June 2016 and March 2020 upon travellers’ first contact with the health system in their country of residence. The patients were presented with a structured 52-question self-administered questionnaire after full recovery to collect information on patients’ healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket costs both in the destination and home country, and about income and other financial losses due to the illness. Results A total of 134 patients participated in the study (malaria, 66; dengue, 51; chikungunya, 8; Zika virus, 9; all fully recovered; median age 40; range 18–72 years). Prior to travelling, 42% of patients reported procuring medical evacuation insurance. Across the four illnesses, only 7% of patients were hospitalized abroad compared with 61% at home. Similarly, 15% sought ambulatory services whilst abroad compared with 61% at home. The average direct out-of-pocket hospitalization cost in the destination country (USD $2236; range: $108–$5160) was higher than the direct out-of-pocket ambulatory cost in the destination country (USD $327; range: $0–$1560), the direct out-of-pocket hospitalization cost at home (USD $35; range: $0–$120) and the direct out-of-pocket ambulatory costs at home (US$45; range: $0–$192). Respondents with dengue or malaria lost a median of USD $570 (Interquartile range [IQR] 240–1140) and USD $240 (IQR 0–600), respectively, due to their illness, whilst those with chikungunya and Zika virus lost a median of USD $2400 (IQR 1200–3600) and USD $1500 (IQR 510–2625), respectively. Conclusion Travellers often incur significant costs due to travel-acquired diseases. Further research into the economic impact of these diseases on travellers should be conducted.
Published: 2023

20. Novel MXene-Modified Polyphenyl Sulfone Membranes for Functional Nanofiltration of Heavy Metals-Containing Wastewater

Author: Mohammed Azeez Naji, Hamed Salimi-Kenari, Qusay F. Alsalhy, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Ngoc Huynh, Khalid T. Rashid, Issam K. Salih, Mazandaran University, University of Technology - Iraq, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: nanofiltration, Process Chemistry and Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Filtration and Separation, nanocomposite membrane, wastewater, heavy metals, MXene
Abstract: Funding Information: This research was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under the HICoE with the grant number R.J090301.7851.4J433 and by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under Hi-Tech(F4) Research Grant with the grant number Q.J130000.4609.00Q14. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. In this work, MXene as a hydrophilic 2D nanosheet has been suggested to tailor the polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) flat sheet membrane characteristics via bulk modification. The amount of MXene varied in the PPSU casting solution from 0–1.5 wt.%, while a series of characterization tools have been employed to detect the surface characteristics changes. This included atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, pore size and porosity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results disclosed that the MXene content could significantly influence some of the membranes’ surface characteristics while no effect was seen on others. The optimal MXene content was found to be 0.6 wt.%, as revealed by the experimental work. The roughness parameters of the 0.6 wt.% nanocomposite membrane were notably enhanced, while greater hydrophilicity has been imparted compared to the nascent PPSU membrane. This witnessed enhancement in the surface characteristics of the nanocomposite was indeed reflected in their performance. A triple enhancement in the pure water flux was witnessed without compromising the retention of the membranes against the Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pd2+ feed. In parallel, high, and comparable separation rates (>92%) were achieved by all membranes regardless of the MXene content. In addition, promising antifouling features were observed with the nanocomposite membranes, disclosing that these nanocomposite membranes could offer a promising potential to treat heavy metals-containing wastewater for various applications.
Published: 2023
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21. Air‐Sea fluxes of CO2 in the Indian Ocean between 1985 and 2018: A synthesis based on Observation‐based surface CO2 , hindcast and atmospheric inversion models

Author: V. V. S. S. Sarma, B. Sridevi, N. Metzl, P. K. Patra, Z. Lachkar, Kunal Chakraborty, C. Goyet, M. Levy, M. Mehari, N. Chandra, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The Indian Ocean significantly influences the global carbon cycle but it is one of the undersampled regions with reference to surface ocean pCO2. As a part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes-2 (RECCAP2) project, several approaches, such as interpolated observational climatology, hindcast model, observation-based surface CO2 (empirical models), and atmospheric inversion models have been employed for estimating net sea-to-air CO2 fluxes between 1985 and 2018. The seasonal, spatial and long-term variability in sea-to-air fluxes of CO2 were compared with observational climatology. The mean value of CO2 in the Indian Ocean (north of 37.5oS) for the period of 1985-2018 using all models is estimated to be -0.19±0.1 PgC yr-1 and it is consistent with the observational climatology (-0.07±0.14 PgC yr-1). The Indian Ocean north of 18oS is found to be the mean annual source (0.04±0.05 PgC yr-1) whereas a net sink (-0.23±0.11 PgC yr-1) in the south of 18oS. All models captured observed spatial patterns but underestimated the net source of CO2 in the Oman/Somalia upwelling, the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) whereas CO2 sink is overestimated in the South Indian Ocean (SIO). Overall, all models captured the seasonality in pCO2 levels and CO2 fluxes but overestimated the amplitude of their variability. All models suggested the strengthening of the sink over the period between 1985 and 2018 by 0.02 PgC yr-1 decade-1. A significant increase in the collection of surface ocean pCO2 and atmospheric CO2 measurements improves the model simulations in the Indian Ocean
Published: 2023

22. Imaging individual active regions on the Sun's far side with improved helioseismic holography

Author: Dan Yang, Laurent Gizon, Hélène Barucq, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Modélisation et simulation de la propagation des ondes fondées sur des mesures expérimentales pour caractériser des milieux géophysiques et héliophysiques et concevoir des objets complexes (MAKUTU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP), NYUAD Center for Space Science, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Institut für Astrophysik [Göttingen], and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Sun: activity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Sun: helioseismology
Abstract: Helioseismic holography is a useful method to detect active regions on the Sun's far side and improve space weather forecasts. We aim to improve helioseismic holography by using a clear formulation of the problem, an accurate forward solver in the frequency domain, and a better understanding of the noise properties. Building on the work of Lindsey et al., we define the forward- and backward-propagated wave fields (ingression and egression) in terms of a Green's function. This Green's function is computed using an accurate forward solver in the frequency domain. We analyse overlapping segments of 31 hr of SDO/HMI dopplergrams, with a cadence of 24 hr. Phase shifts between the ingression and the egression are measured and averaged to detect active regions on the far side. The phase maps are compared with direct EUV intensity maps from STEREO/EUVI. We confirm that medium-size active regions can be detected on the far side with high confidence. Their evolution (and possible emergence) can be monitored on a daily time scale. Seismic maps averaged over 3 days provide an active region detection rate as high as 75% and a false discovery rate only as low as 7%, for active regions with areas above one thousandth of an hemisphere. For a large part, these improvements can be attributed to the use of a complete Green's function (all skips) and to the use of all observations on the front side (full pupil). Improved helioseismic holography enables the study of the evolution of medium-size active regions on the Sun's far side., 15 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023

23. Who Registers? Village Networks, Household Dynamics, and Voter Registration in Rural Uganda

Author: Romain Ferrali, Guy Grossman, Melina R. Platas, Jonathan Rodden, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and Stanford Institute for Innovation in Developing Economies (SEED)
Subjects: electoral systems, African politics, Sociology and Political Science, representation, voting behavior, public opinion, elections, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; Who registers to vote? Although extensive research has examined the question of who votes, our understanding of the determinants of political participation will be limited until we know who is missing from the voter register. Studying voter registration in lower-income settings is particularly challenging due to data constraints. We link the official voter register with a complete social network census of 16 villages to analyze the correlates of voter registration in rural Uganda, examining the role of individual-level attributes and social ties. We find evidence that social ties are important for explaining registration status within and across households. Village leaders-and through them, household heads-play an important role in explaining the registration status of others in the village, suggesting a diffuse process of social influence. Socioeconomic factors such as income and education do not explain registration in this setting. Together these findings suggest an alternate theory of participation is required.
Published: 2021

24. Trading contact tracing efficiency for finding patient zero

Author: Marcin Waniek, Petter Holme, Katayoun Farrahi, Rémi Emonet, Manuel Cebrian, Talal Rahwan, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Computer Science, University of Southampton, Universite Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Computational science, Infectious diseases, Estadística, Sociología
Abstract: Funding Information: M.C. was supported by the Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain, under the program “Convocatoria de Ayudas para la recualificación del sistema universitario español para 2021-2023, de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, de 1 de Julio de 2021”. P.H. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 21H04595. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s). As the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, identifying the origin of a pandemic remains a challenging task. The search for patient zero may benefit from the widely-used and well-established toolkit of contact tracing methods, although this possibility has not been explored to date. We fill this gap by investigating the prospect of performing the source detection task as part of the contact tracing process, i.e., the possibility of tuning the parameters of the process in order to pinpoint the origin of the infection. To this end, we perform simulations on temporal networks using a recent diffusion model that recreates the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that increasing the budget for contact tracing beyond a certain threshold can significantly improve the identification of infected individuals but has diminishing returns in terms of source detection. Moreover, disease variants of higher infectivity make it easier to find the source but harder to identify infected individuals. Finally, we unravel a seemingly-intrinsic trade-off between the use of contact tracing to either identify infected nodes or detect the source of infection. This trade-off suggests that focusing on the identification of patient zero may come at the expense of identifying infected individuals.
Published: 2022

25. Virtual reality and empathy

Author: Seinfeld, Sofia, Hasler, Béatrice S., Banakou, Domna, Levy, Jonathan, BarcelonaTech, Reichman University, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: immersion, perspective-taking, virtual reality, empathy, embodiment
Abstract: Funding Information: BH was funded by Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 3105/21) and the Academy of Finland Research Fellow funding supported JL. Non
Published: 2022

26. Modulation of the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent by sea ice processes and feedbacks with the ocean and the atmosphere

Author: Hugues Goosse, Sofia Allende Contador, Cecilia M. Bitz, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Clare Eayrs, Thierry Fichefet, Kenza Himmich, Pierre-Vincent Huot, François Klein, Sylvain Marchi, François Massonnet, Bianca Mezzina, Charles Pelletier, Lettie Roach, Martin Vancoppenolle, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Science & Technology, THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION, LIM3.6, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geology, MODEL, Geography, Physical, Physical Geography, Physical Sciences, MASS-BALANCE, WATER, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, SENSITIVITY, MIXED-LAYER, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice extent is strongly asymmetric, with a relatively slow increase after the summer minimum followed by a more rapid decrease after the winter maximum. This cycle is intimately linked to the seasonal cycle of the insolation received at the top of the atmosphere, but sea ice processes as well as the exchanges with the atmosphere and ocean may also play a role. To quantify these contributions, a series of idealized sensitivity experiments have been performed with an eddy-permitting (1/4∘) NEMO-LIM3 (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean–Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model version 3) Southern Ocean configuration, including a representation of ice shelf cavities, in which the model was either driven by an atmospheric reanalysis or coupled to the COSMO-CLM2 regional atmospheric model. In those experiments, sea ice thermodynamics and dynamics as well as the exchanges with the ocean and atmosphere are strongly perturbed. This perturbation is achieved by modifying snow and ice thermal conductivities, the vertical mixing in the ocean top layers, the effect of freshwater uptake and release upon sea ice growth and melt, ice dynamics, and surface albedo. We find that the evolution of sea ice extent during the ice advance season is largely independent of the direct effect of the perturbation and appears thus mainly controlled by initial state in summer and subsequent insolation changes. In contrast, the melting rate varies strongly between the experiments during the retreat, in particular if the surface albedo or sea ice transport are modified, demonstrating a strong contribution of those elements to the evolution of ice coverage through spring and summer. As with the advance phase, the retreat is also influenced by conditions at the beginning of the melt season in September. Atmospheric feedbacks enhance the model winter ice extent response to any of the perturbed processes, and the enhancement is strongest when the albedo is modified. The response of sea ice volume and extent to changes in entrainment of subsurface warm waters to the ocean surface is also greatly amplified by the coupling with the atmosphere.
Published: 2022

27. Social diffusion sources can escape detection

Author: Marcin Waniek, Petter Holme, Manuel Cebrian, Talal Rahwan, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Computer Science, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, F.2.2, G.2.2, Physics - Physics and Society, Internet, Multidisciplinary, Computer systems organization, FOS: Physical sciences, 91D30, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Computer science, Social sciences, Internet-based information systems, Applied sciences
Abstract: Influencing (and being influenced by) others through social networks is fundamental to all human societies. Whether this happens through the diffusion of rumors, opinions, or viruses, identifying the diffusion source (i.e., the person that initiated it) is a problem that has attracted much research interest. Nevertheless, existing literature has ignored the possibility that the source might strategically modify the network structure (by rewiring links or introducing fake nodes) to escape detection. Here, without restricting our analysis to any particular diffusion scenario, we close this gap by evaluating two mechanisms that hide the source-one stemming from the source's actions, the other from the network structure itself. This reveals that sources can easily escape detection, and that removing links is far more effective than introducing fake nodes. Thus, efforts should focus on exposing concealed ties rather than planted entities; such exposure would drastically improve our chances of detecting the diffusion source., 100 pages, 80 figures
Published: 2022

28. Recent expansion and intensification of hypoxia in the Arabian Gulf and its drivers

Author: Lachkar, Zouhair, Mehari, Michael, Lévy, Marina, Paparella, Francesco, Burt, John A., New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, marine biogeochemical ecosystem model, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Arabian (Persian) Gulf, semi-enclosed seas, marine hypoxia, ocean deoxygenation, ocean warming, climate change, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The Arabian Gulf (also known as Persian Gulf, hereafter Gulf) is a shallow semi-enclosed subtropical sea known for its extreme physical environment. Recent observations suggest a decline in oxygen concentrations in the Gulf over the past few decades accompanied by an expansion of seasonal near-bottom hypoxia. Here, we reconstruct the evolution of dissolved oxygen in the Gulf from 1982 through 2010 and explore its controlling factors. To this end, we use an eddy-resolving hindcast simulation forced with winds and heat and freshwater fluxes from an atmospheric reanalysis. We show that seasonal near-bottom hypoxia (O2< 60 mmol m-3) emerges in the deeper part of the Gulf over summer and peaks in autumn in response to enhanced vertical stratification inhibiting mixing and O2 replenishment at depth. We also find a significant deoxygenation in the Gulf over the study period, with the Gulf O2 content dropping by nearly 1% per decade and near-bottom O2 decreasing by between 10 and 30 mmol m-3 in the deeper part of the Gulf between the early 1980s and the late 2000s. These changes result in the horizontal expansion of seasonal bottom hypoxia with the hypoxia-prone seafloor area increasing from less than 20,000 km2 in the 1980s to around 30,000 km2 in the 2000s. The expansion of hypoxia is also accompanied by a lengthening of the hypoxic season with hypoxia emerging locally 1 to 2 months earlier in the late 2000s relative to the early 1980s. Furthermore, declining near-bottom O2 levels result in the expansion of suboxic conditions (O2< 4 mmol m-3) and the emergence and amplification of denitrification there. An analysis of the Gulf oxygen budget demonstrates that deoxygenation is essentially caused by reduced oxygen solubility near the surface and enhanced respiration near the bottom. While reduced solubility results from the warming of the Gulf waters, enhanced respiration is mostly driven by an increased supply of nutrients imported from the Arabian Sea due to the weakening of winter Shamal winds over the study period. Our findings suggest that recent changes in local climate are not only altering the Gulf physical environment but are also having a strong impact on the Gulf biogeochemistry with profound potential implications for the ecosystems and the fisheries of the region.
Published: 2022

29. Probing the Physics of Narrow-line Regions in Active Galaxies. IV. Full Data Release of the Siding Spring Southern Seyfert Spectroscopic Snapshot Survey (S7)

Author: Zaw, Ingyin [New York University (Abu Dhabi), 70 Washington Sq. S, New York, NY 10012 (United States)]
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. A Massive Shell of Supernova-formed Dust in SNR G54.1+0.3

Author: Gelfand, Joseph [New York University, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)]
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Spectrochemistry of Firefly Bioluminescence

Author: Marieh B. Al-Handawi, Srujana Polavaram, Anastasiya Kurlevskaya, Patrick Commins, Stefan Schramm, César Carrasco-López, Nathan M. Lui, Kyril M. Solntsev, Sergey P. Laptenok, Isabelle Navizet, Panče Naumov, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Merck [Darmstadt], Department Chemical and Biological Engineering [Princeton], Princeton University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle (MSME), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Coleoptera, Luminescence, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Luminescent Measurements, Fireflies, Animals, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, General Chemistry, Luciferases
Abstract: The chemical reactions underlying the emission of light in fireflies and other bioluminescent beetles are some of the most thoroughly studied processes by scientists worldwide. Despite these remarkable efforts, fierce academic arguments continue around even some of the most fundamental aspects of the reaction mechanism behind the beetle bioluminescence. In an attempt to reach a consensus, we made an exhaustive search of the available literature and compiled the key discoveries on the fluorescence and chemiluminescence spectrochemistry of the emitting molecule, the firefly oxyluciferin, and its chemical analogues reported over the past 50+ years. The factors that affect the light emission, including intermolecular interactions, solvent polarity, and electronic effects, were analyzed in the context of both the reaction mechanism and the different colors of light emitted by different luciferases. The collective data points toward a combined emission of multiple coexistent forms of oxyluciferin as the most probable explanation for the variation in color of the emitted light. We also highlight realistic research directions to eventually address some of the remaining questions related to firefly bioluminescence. It is our hope that this extensive compilation of data and detailed analysis will not only consolidate the existing body of knowledge on this important phenomenon but will also aid in reaching a wider consensus on some of the mechanistic details of firefly bioluminescence.
Published: 2022

32. A Multiwavelength Study of GRS 1716-249 in Outburst

Author: Saikia, Payaswini, Russell, David M., Baglio, M. C., Bramich, D. M., Casella, Piergiorgio, Trigo, Maria Diaz, Gandhi, Poshak, Jiang, Jiachen, Maccarone, Thomas, Soria, Roberto, Al Noori, Hind, Al Yazeedi, Aisha, Alabarta, Kevin, Belloni, Tomaso, Bel, Marion Cadolle, Ceccobello, Chiara, Corbel, Stéphane, Fender, Rob, Gallo, Elena, Homan, Jeroen, Koljonen, Karri, Lewis, Fraser, Markoff, Sera B., Miller-Jones, James C.A., Rodriguez, Jerome, Russell, Thomas D., Shahbaz, Tariq, Sivakoff, Gregory R., Testa, Vincenzo, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., New York University Abu Dhabi, Osservatorio Astronomico Roma, European Southern Observatory, University of Southampton, University of Cambridge, Texas Tech University, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Chalmers University of Technology, IRFM-CEA, University of Oxford, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Eureka Scientific, Inc., Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Cardiff University, University of Amsterdam, Curtin University, National Institute for Astrophysics, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of Alberta, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Abstract: Funding Information: The authors thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions. The authors also thank Lian Tao for the revised black hole mass estimation using the updated distance. D.M.R. and D.M.B. acknowledge the support of the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Enhancement Fund under grant RE124. J.J. acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust, the Isaac Newton Trust, and St. Edmund’s college, University of Cambridge. R.S. acknowledges grant No. 12073029 from the Natural National Science Foundation of China (NSFC). S.M. is thankful for support by Dutch Research Council (NWO) VICI award, grant Nr. 639.043.513. T.M.B. acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI- INAF n.2017-14-H.0 and from PRIN-INAF 2019 N.15. T.D.R. acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0. T.S. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) under grant PID2020-114822GB-I00. G.R.S. is supported by NSERC Discovery Grants RGPIN-2016-06569 and RGPIN-2021-0400. K.I.I.K. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 101002352) and from the Academy of Finland projects 320045 and 320085. This work uses data from the Faulkes Telescope Project, which is an education partner of Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO). The Faulkes Telescopes are maintained and operated by LCO. This work also uses observations made with the REM Telescope, INAF Chile. It is also based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programmes 098.D-0893 and 099.D-0884 (PI: D. Russell). Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51494.001 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. This work also makes use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester, and the MAXI data provided by RIKEN, JAXA, and the MAXI team. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. We present a detailed study of the evolution of the Galactic black hole transient GRS 1716-249 during its 2016-2017 outburst at optical (Las Cumbres Observatory), mid-infrared (Very Large Telescope), near-infrared (Rapid Eye Mount telescope), and ultraviolet (the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope) wavelengths, along with archival radio and X-ray data. We show that the optical/near-infrared and UV emission of the source mainly originates from a multi-temperature accretion disk, while the mid-infrared and radio emission are dominated by synchrotron emission from a compact jet. The optical/UV flux density is correlated with the X-ray emission when the source is in the hard state, consistent with an X-ray irradiated accretion disk with an additional contribution from the viscous disk during the outburst fade. We find evidence for a weak, but highly variable jet component at mid-infrared wavelengths. We also report the long-term optical light curve of the source and find that the quiescent i′ -band magnitude is 21.39 ± 0.15 mag. Furthermore, we discuss how previous estimates of the system parameters of the source are based on various incorrect assumptions, and so are likely to be inaccurate. By comparing our GRS 1716-249 data set to those of other outbursting black hole X-ray binaries, we find that while GRS 1716-249 shows similar X-ray behavior, it is noticeably optically fainter, if the literature distance of 2.4 kpc is adopted. Using several lines of reasoning, we argue that the source distance is further than previously assumed in the literature, likely within 4-17 kpc, with a most likely range of ∼4-8 kpc.
Published: 2022

33. On equilibrium Metropolis simulations on self-organized urban street networks

Author: Jerome Benoit, Saif Eddin Jabari, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship (Ronin Institute), and New York University Tandon School of Engineering
Subjects: Self-organization, Physics - Physics and Society, Self-similarity, Scale-freeness, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Crossover, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 11. Sustainability, 0103 physical sciences, Ergodic theory, Statistical physics, MaxEnt, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], 010306 general physics, Scaling, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Metropolis algorithm, T57-57.97, Multidisciplinary, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SOC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics and Society [physics.soc-ph], Computational Mathematics, Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, Ising model, Urban street networks, Symmetries
Abstract: Urban street networks of unplanned or self-organized cities typically exhibit astonishing scale-free patterns. This scale-freeness can be shown, within the maximum entropy formalism (MaxEnt), as the manifestation of a fluctuating system that preserves on average some amount of information. Monte Carlo methods that can further this perspective are cruelly missing. Here we adapt to self-organized urban street networks the Metropolis algorithm. The "coming to equilibrium" distribution is established with MaxEnt by taking scale-freeness as prior hypothesis along with symmetry-conservation arguments. The equilibrium parameter is the scaling; its concomitant extensive quantity is, assuming our lack of knowledge, an amount of information. To design an ergodic dynamics, we disentangle the state-of-the-art street generating paradigms based on nonoverlapping walks into layout-at-junction dynamics. Our adaptation reminisces the single-spin-flip Metropolis algorithm for Ising models. We thus expect Metropolis simulations to reveal that self-organized urban street networks, besides sustaining scale-freeness over a wide range of scalings, undergo a crossover as scaling varies -- literature argues for a small-world crossover. Simulations for Central London are consistent against the state-of-the-art outputs over a realistic range of scaling exponents. Our illustrative Watts-Strogatz phase diagram with scaling as rewiring parameter demonstrates a small-world crossover curving within the realistic window 2-3; it also shows that the state-of-the-art outputs underlie relatively large worlds. Our Metropolis adaptation to self-organized urban street networks thusly appears as a scaling variant of the Watts-Strogatz model. Such insights may ultimately allow the urban profession to anticipate self-organization or unplanned evolution of urban street networks., 31 pages, 8 figures, 2 animations, bib, LaTeX2e+BMCArt+AmSLaTeX+enotez
Published: 2021

34. Indoor Localization Using Data Augmentation via Selective Generative Adversarial Networks

Author: H. Vincent Poor, Raed M. Shubair, Marwa Chafii, Wafa Njima, Arsenia Chorti, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), and Princeton University
Subjects: semi-supervised learning, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), General Computer Science, Computer science, Test data generation, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Semi-supervised learning, computer.software_genre, Data modeling, deep neural network (DNN), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], General Materials Science, Indoor localization, Selection (genetic algorithm), Data collection, Artificial neural network, General Engineering, Location awareness, Experimental data, TK1-9971, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, computer, generative adversarial network (GAN)
Abstract: International audience; Several location-based services require accurate location information in indoor environments. Recently, it has been shown that deep neural network (DNN) based received signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprints achieve high localization performance with low online complexity. However, such methods require a very large amount of training data, in order to properly design and optimize the DNN model, which makes the data collection very costly. In this paper, we propose generative adversarial networks for RSSI data augmentation which generate fake RSSI data based on a small set of real collected labeled data. The developed model utilizes semi-supervised learning in order to predict the pseudo-labels of the generated RSSIs. A proper selection of the generated data is proposed in order to cover the entire considered indoor environment, and to reduce the data generation error by only selecting the most realistic fake RSSIs. Extensive numerical experiments show that the proposed data augmentation and selection scheme leads to a localization accuracy improvement of 21.69% for simulated data and 15.36% for experimental data. INDEX TERMS Indoor localization, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), deep neural network (DNN), generative adversarial network (GAN), semi-supervised learning.
Published: 2021

35. G11.2−0.3: THE YOUNG REMNANT OF A STRIPPED-ENVELOPE SUPERNOVA

Author: Roberts, Mallory [New York University Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Uniform regularity for the compressible Navier-Stokes system with low Mach number in domains with boundaries

Author: Nader Masmoudi, Frédéric Rousset, Changzhen Sun, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), New York University [New York] (NYU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE40-0027,SingFlows,Ecoulements avec singularités : couches limites, filaments de vortex, interaction vague-structure(2018), and ANR-18-CE40-0020,ODA,Ondes déterministes et aléatoires(2018)
Subjects: SLIP, Boundary layer, Uniform regularity, Fast oscillation, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, INCOMPRESSIBLE LIMIT, EULER EQUATIONS, SINGULAR LIMITS, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Low Mach number limit
Abstract: We establish uniform with respect to the Mach number regularity estimates for the isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes system in smooth domains with Navier-slip condition on the boundary in the general case of ill-prepared initial data. To match the boundary layer effects due to the fast oscillations and the ill-prepared initial data assumption, we prove uniform estimates in an anisotropic functional framework with only one normal derivative close to the boundary. This allows to prove the local existence of a strong solution on a time interval independent of the Mach number and to justify the incompressible limit through a simple compactness argument.; Nous établissons des estimations de régularité uniformes par rapport au nombre de Mach pour le système de Navier-Stokes compressible isentropique dans les domaines réguliers avec condition de Navier au bord dans le cas général de données initiales mal préparées. Pour être cohérent avec les effets de couche limite dus aux oscillations rapides et à l'hypothèse de données initiales mal préparées, nous prouvons des estimations uniformes dans un cadre fonctionnel anisotrope avec une seule dérivée normale proche du bord. Ceci permet de prouver l'existence locale d'une solution forte sur un intervalle de temps indépendant du nombre de Mach et de justifier la limite incompressible par un argument de compacité simple.
Published: 2022

37. Special Session

Author: Dave, Shail, Marchisio, Alberto, Hanif, Muhammad Abdullah, Guesmi, Amira, Shrivastava, Aviral, Alouani, Ihsen, Shafique, Muhammad, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Technische Universität Wien, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), COMmunications NUMériques - IEMN (COMNUM - IEMN), INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and At ASU, this work was supported in part by NSF under Grant CCF 1723476—NSF/Intel Joint Research Center for Computer Assisted Programming for Heterogeneous Architectures (CAPA). At TU Wien, this work has been supported in part by Intel Corporation through Gift funding for the project 'Cost-Effective Dependability for Deep Neural Networks and Spiking Neural Networks', and by the Doctoral College Resilient Embedded Systems, which is run jointly by the TU Wien’s Faculty of Informatics and the UAS Technikum Wien. At NYUAD, different parts of these works were also supported in parts by the NYUAD Center for Interacting Urban Networks (CITIES), funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award CG001, Center for CyberSecurity(CCS), funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award G1104, and Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award CG010. At UPHF, this work has been supported in part by RESIST project funded by R ́egion Hauts-de-France through STIMULE scheme (AR 21006614).
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Energy efficiency, Neural Networks, Privacy, Performance, Codesign, Security, Agility, Reliability, Robustness, ML, DNN
Abstract: International audience; The real-world use cases of Machine Learning (ML) have exploded over the past few years. However, the current computing infrastructure is insufficient to support all real-world applications and scenarios. Apart from high efficiency requirements, modern ML systems are expected to be highly reliable against hardware failures as well as secure against adversarial and IP stealing attacks. Privacy concerns are also becoming a first-order issue. This article summarizes the main challenges in agile development of efficient, reliable and secure ML systems, and then presents an outline of an agile design methodology to generate efficient, reliable and secure ML systems based on user-defined constraints and objectives.
Published: 2022

38. Rapid compact jet quenching in the Galactic black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535−571

Author: Wanga Mulaudzi, Marco Toliman Lucchini, Diego Altamirano, Aastha S. Parikh, Roberto Soria, Sera Markoff, G. R. Sivakoff, Nathalie Degenaar, Rudy Wijnands, Stephane Corbel, Maria Cristina Baglio, D. M. Russell, D. Maitra, Chiara Ceccobello, Thomas D. Russell, Simone Migliari, Michael P. Rupen, Rob Fender, Karri I. I. Koljonen, J. van den Eijnden, Felicia Krauß, Sebastian Heinz, Craig L. Sarazin, James Miller-Jones, Richard M. Plotkin, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), University of Amsterdam, East Asian Observatory, Curtin University, University of Alberta, University of Cape Town, New York University Abu Dhabi, University of Southampton, Chalmers University of Technology, Université Paris-Diderot, University of Oxford, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Wheaton College Massachusetts, European Space Astronomy Centre, University of Nevada, Reno, National Research Council of Canada, University of Virginia, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Acceleration of particles, Accretion, submillimetre: general, general [Submillimetre], Radiative cooling, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray binary, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radio spectrum, X-rays: binaries, accretion, 0103 physical sciences, individual (MAXI J1535−571) [X-rays], Jet quenching, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particles, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, jets and outflows [ISM], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, accretion discs, Magnetic field, Black hole, Particle acceleration, X-rays: individual (MAXI J1535−571), ISM: jets and outflows, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, binaries [X-rays], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Accretion discs
Abstract: We present results from six epochs of quasi-simultaneous radio, (sub-)millimetre, infrared, optical, and X-ray observations of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI~J1535$-$571. These observations show that as the source transitioned through the hard-intermediate X-ray state towards the soft intermediate X-ray state, the jet underwent dramatic and rapid changes. We observed the frequency of the jet spectral break, which corresponds to the most compact region in the jet where particle acceleration begins (higher frequencies indicate closer to the black hole), evolve from the IR band into the radio band (decreasing by $\approx$3 orders of magnitude) in less than a day. During one observational epoch, we found evidence of the jet spectral break evolving in frequency through the radio band. Estimating the magnetic field and size of the particle acceleration region shows that the rapid fading of the high-energy jet emission was not consistent with radiative cooling; instead the particle acceleration region seems to be moving away from the black hole on approximately dynamical timescales. This result suggests that the compact jet quenching is not caused by local changes to the particle acceleration, rather we are observing the acceleration region of the jet travelling away from the black hole with the jet flow. Spectral analysis of the X-ray emission show a gradual softening in the few days before the dramatic jet changes, followed by a more rapid softening $\sim$1--2\,days after the onset of the jet quenching., 17 pages, 6 figures, data provided in the appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2020

39. On the necessity of combining ethnobotany and genetics to assess agrobiodiversity and its evolution in crops: A case study on date palms (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) in Siwa Oasis, Egypt

Author: Sarah Ivorra, Jean-Frédéric Terral, Summar Abbas Naqvi, Frédérique Aberlenc, Laure Paradis, Muriel Gros-Balthazard, Souhila Moussouni, Vincent Battesti, Claire Newton, Salwa Zehdi, Oumarou Zango, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Zinder - University of Zinder [Zinder, Niger], Université de Tunis - El Manar II, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Arides (LRZA), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Laboratoire d’Archéologie et de Patrimoine [Rimouski], Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Zinder, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Université Tunis El Manar (UTM), University of Agriculture Faisalabad - UAF (PAKISTAN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tunis El Manar, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population genetics, lcsh:Evolution, Ethnobotany, Biodiversity, Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, Marqueurs microsatellites, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Egypt, Domestication, ethnobotany, Génétique des populations, agrobiodiversity, Ethnobotanique, lcsh:QH359-425, Pratiques agricoles, MESH: Anthropology, Cultural, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Greuter, Siwa (Égypte), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Folk categorization, MESH: Biological Variation, Population, Oasis, Original Article, Phoenix theophrasti, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, MESH: Agriculture, MESH: Ethnology, Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Microsatellite markers, MESH: Gene Pool, MESH: Nature, folk categorization, MESH: Genetics, Population, MESH: Popular Culture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, anthropology, Siwa Oasis (Egypt), Farming practices, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Agrobiodiversité, MESH: Egypt, Ancient, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], population genetics, Original Articles, microsatellite markers, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, 15. Life on land, MESH: Crops, Agricultural, biology.organism_classification, Anthropologie, Agrobiodiversity, 030104 developmental biology, Crop diversity, Anthropology, Phoenix dactylifera, farming practices, Palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Agricultural biodiversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, evolutionary history, Catégorisation populaire, MESH: Arab World
Abstract: International audience; Crop diversity is shaped by biological and social processes interacting at different spatiotemporal scales. Here we combined population genetics and ethnobotany to investigate date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) diversity in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Based on interviews with farmers and observation of practices in the field, we collected 149 date palms from Siwa Oasis and 27 uncultivated date palms from abandoned oases in the surrounding desert. Using genotyping data from 18 nuclear and plastid microsatellite loci, we confirmed that some named types each constitute a clonal line, i.e. a true-to-type cultivar. We also found that others are collections of clonal lines, i.e. ethnovarieties, or even unrelated samples, i.e. local categories. This alters current assessments of agrobiodiversity, which are visibly underestimated, and uncovers the impact of low-intensity, but highly effective, farming practices on biodiversity. These hardly observable practices, hypothesized by ethnographic survey and confirmed by genetic analysis, are enabled by the way Isiwans conceive and classify living beings in their oasis, which do not quite match the way biologists do: a classic disparity of etic vs. emic categorizations. In addition, we established that Siwa date palms represent a unique and highly diverse genetic cluster, rather than a subset of North African and Middle Eastern palm diversity. As previously shown, North African date palms display evidence of introgression by the wild relative Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, and we found that the uncultivated date palms from the abandoned oases share even more alleles with this species than cultivated palms in this region. The study of Siwa date palms could hence be a key to the understanding of date palm diversification in North Africa. Integration of ethnography and population genetics promoted the understanding of the interplay between diversity management in the oasis (short-time scale), and the origins and dynamic of diversity through domestication and diversification (long-time scale).; La diversité des plantes cultivées est façonnée par des processus biologiques et sociaux qui interagissent à différentes échelles spatiotemporelles. Nous avons ici combiné la génétique des populations et l’ethnobotanique pour étudier la diversité du palmier-dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans l’oasis de Siwa, en Égypte. Sur la base d’entretiens avec des agriculteurs et de l’observation des pratiques sur le terrain, nous avons collecté 149 palmiers dattiers de l’oasis de Siwa et 27 palmiers dattiers non cultivés provenant d’oasis abandonnées dans le désert environnant. En utilisant les données de génotypage de 18 loci microsatellites nucléaires et plastidiques, nous avons confirmé que certains types nommés constituent chacun une ligne clonale, c’est-à-dire un « cultivar vrai » (true-to-type). Nous avons également constaté que d’autres sont des collections de lignes clonales, c’est-à-dire des « ethnovariétés », voire même des échantillons non apparentés, c’est-à-dire des « catégories locales ». Cela modifie les évaluations existantes de l’agrobiodiversité, qui sont visiblement sous-estimées, et révèle l’impact des pratiques agricoles de faible intensité, mais très efficaces, sur la biodiversité. Ces pratiques difficilement observables, supposées par l’enquête ethnographique et confirmées par l’analyse génétique, sont rendues possibles par la façon dont les Isiwans conçoivent et classifient les êtres vivants dans leur oasis, qui ne correspond pas tout à fait à la façon dont les biologistes le font : une disparité classique des catégorisations étiques vs. émiques. En outre, nous avons établi que les palmiers dattiers de Siwa représentent un groupe génétique unique et très diversifié, plutôt qu’un sous-ensemble de la diversité des palmiers d’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient. Comme nous l’avons montré précédemment, les palmiers dattiers d’Afrique du Nord présentent des signes d’introgression par le parent sauvage Phoenix theophrasti Greuter, et nous avons constaté que les palmiers dattiers non cultivés des oasis abandonnées partagent encore plus d’allèles avec cette espèce que les palmiers cultivés de cette région. L’étude des palmiers dattiers de Siwa pourrait donc être une clé pour la compréhension de la diversification des palmiers dattiers en Afrique du Nord. L’intégration de l’ethnographie et de la génétique des populations a permis de comprendre l’interaction entre la gestion de la diversité dans l’oasis (l’échelle du court terme) et les origines et la dynamique de la diversité au travers de la domestication et de la diversification (l’échelle du long terme).
Published: 2020

40. The Vortex Method for Two-Dimensional Ideal Flows in Exterior Domains

Author: Christophe Lacave, Emmanuel Dormy, Diogo Arsénio, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Département de Mathématiques et Applications - ENS Paris (DMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Fourier (IF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-15-CE40-0010,IFSMACS,Interaction Fluide-Structure : Modélisation, analyse, contrôle et simulation(2015), ANR-18-CE40-0027,SingFlows,Ecoulements avec singularités : couches limites, filaments de vortex, interaction vague-structure(2018), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: double layer potential, elliptic problems in exterior domains, Cauchy integrals, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Point (geometry), [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Poincar\'e--Bertrand formula, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Ideal (set theory), Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Vorticity, Euler equations, spectral analysis, Vortex, 010101 applied mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Flow (mathematics), symbols, Euler's formula, Double layer potential, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Analysis, discretization of singular integral operators
Abstract: International audience; The vortex method is a common numerical and theoretical approach used to implement the motion of an ideal flow, in which the vorticity is approximated by a sum of point vortices, so that the Euler equations read as a system of ordinary differential equations. Such a method is well justified in the full plane, thanks to the explicit representation formulas of Biot and Savart. In an exterior domain, we also replace the impermeable boundary by a collection of point vortices generating the circulation around the obstacle. The density of these point vortices is chosen in order that the flow remains tangent at midpoints between adjacent vortices and that the total vorticity around the obstacle is conserved. In this work, we provide a rigorous justification of this method for any smooth exterior domain, one of the main mathematical difficulties being that the Biot--Savart kernel defines a singular integral operator when restricted to a curve (here, the boundary of the domain). We also introduce an alternative method---the fluid charge method---which, as we argue, is better conditioned and therefore leads to significant numerical improvements.
Published: 2020

41. Evaluating the Arabian Sea as a regional source of atmospheric CO2: seasonal variability and drivers

Author: de Verneil, Alain, Lachkar, Zouhair, Smith, Shafer, Lévy, Marina, Center for Prototype Climate Modeling, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Tamkeen under the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute (grant nos. G110 and CG009)., NYU System (NYU), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Arabian Sea (AS) was confirmed to be a net emitter of CO2 to the atmosphere during the international Joint Global Ocean Flux Study program of the 1990s, but since then little in situ data has been collected, leaving data-based methods to calculate air-sea exchange with fewer data and potentially out-of-date. Additionally, coarse-resolution models underestimate CO2 flux compared to other approaches. To address these shortcomings, we employ a high-resolution (1/24 o) regional model to quantify the seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 exchange in the AS by focusing on two main contributing factors, pCO2 and winds. We compare the model to available in situ pCO2 data and find that uncertainties in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) lead to the greatest discrepancies. Nevertheless, the model is more successful than neural network approaches in replicating the large variability in summertime pCO2 because it captures the AS's intense monsoon dynamics. In the seasonal pCO2 cycle, temperature plays the major role in determining surface pCO2 , except where DIC delivery is important in summer upwelling areas. Since seasonal temperature forcing is relatively uniform, pCO2 differences between the AS's sub-regions are mostly caused by geographic DIC gradients. We find that primary productivity during both summer and winter monsoon blooms, but also generally, is insufficient to offset the physical delivery of DIC to the surface, resulting in limited biological control of CO2 release. The most intense air-sea CO2 exchange occurs during the summer monsoon where outgassing rates reach ∼6 molCm−2 yr−1 in the upwelling regions of Oman and Somalia, but the entire AS contributes CO2 to the atmosphere. Despite a regional spring maximum of pCO2 driven by surface heating, CO2 exchange rates peak in summer due to winds, which account for ∼90% of the summer CO2 flux variability versus 6% for pCO2 in a Reynolds decomposition. In comparison with other estimates, we find that the AS emits ∼160TgCyr−1, slightly higher than previously reported. Altogether, there is 2x variability in annual flux magnitude across methodologies considered. Future attempts to reduce the variability in estimates will likely require more in situ carbon data. Since summer monsoon winds are critical in determining flux both directly and indirectly through temperature, DIC, TA, mixing, and primary production effects on pCO2 , studies looking to predict CO2 emissions in the AS with ongoing climate change will need to correctly resolve their timing, strength, and upwelling dynamics.
Published: 2022

42. Le Grand retour de la terre dans les patrimoines: Et pourquoi c'est une bonne nouvelle!

Author: Trannoy, Alain, Wasmer, Etienne, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), NYUAD Center for Space Science, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NYU System (NYU), Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), and Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; a France est riche. La valeur de son patrimoine foncier s'élève aujourd'hui à 7 000 milliards d'euros, soit six années de revenu national, contre à peine une année après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Comment expliquer cette hausse et à qui profite-t-elle ? S'agit-il d'une bulle immobilière un peu plus durable que les autres ? Et, sinon, quelles conséquences faut-il en tirer pour notre économie ?Dans ce livre passionnant et minutieusement documenté, Alain Trannoy et Etienne Wasmer expliquent pourquoi la terre urbaine s'est considérablement valorisée au cours des trente dernières années, une tendance que la préférence française pour le foncier et les contraintes écologiques (le "zéro artificialisation") ne peuvent que conforter.Alors que faire de cette manne providentielle ? Les auteurs proposent ni plus ni moins qu'une révolution fiscale.Avec un objectif : diminuer fortement les impôts grevant l'activité économique, augmenter les salaires tout en soutenant l'accumulation du capital productif, afin de pérenniser notre modèle social.Une proposition audacieuse, pour réconcilier justice sociale et efficacité économique.
Published: 2022

43. Emergence of broadband variability in a marine plankton model under external forcing

Author: Benjamin Mayersohn, Marina Lévy, Inès Mangolte, K. Shafer Smith, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Center for Prototype Climate Modeling, New York University [Abu Dhabi], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and ANR-16-CE01-0014,SOBUMS,Comprendre la réponse du cycle du carbone dans l'océan austral au stress climatique(2016)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Paleontology, Soil Science, Forestry, Aquatic Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Temporal variability in plankton community structure and biomass is often driven by environmental fluctuations: nutrient supplies, light, stratification and temperature. But plankton time series also exhibit variability that is not strongly correlated with key phys ical variables and is distinctly nonlinear in nature. There is evidence, from both labo ratory and modeling studies, that oscillations can arise from ecological interactions alone. In the open ocean, it is challenging to establish the roles and relative importance of en vironmental versus intrinsic processes in generating the observed ecological variability. To explore this competition, we employ a marine plankton model that supports two mech anisms of intrinsic ecological variability operating at distinct frequencies: predator-prey interactions between zooplankton and phytoplankton, with timescales of weeks, and re source competition that occurs with multiple nutrients phytoplankton species, with timescales of years. The model is forced by imposing variable nutrient input rates. representing typ ical open ocean situations, with periods ranging from subseasonal to multi-annual. We find that intrinsically-driven variability generally persists in the presence of extrinsic forc ing, and that the interaction between the two can produce variability at frequencies that are not characteristic of either source. The intrinsic frequencies are found to be even more energetic when the extrinsic variability is augmented with stochastic noise. We conclude that interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic sources of variability may contribute to the wide range of observed frequencies in phytoplankton time series, and may explain why it is often difficult to relate planktonic variation to environmental variation alone
Published: 2022

44. On singularity formation for the two dimensional unsteady Prandtl's system

Author: Collot, Charles, Ghoul, Tej-Eddine, Ibrahim, Slim, Masmoudi, Nader, New York University [Abu Dhabi], and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract: 45 pages; We consider the two dimensional unsteady Prandtl's system. For a special class of outer Euler flows and solutions of the Prandtl system, the trace of the tangential derivative along the transversal axis solves a closed one dimensional equation. We give a precise description of singular solutions for this reduced problem. A stable blow-up pattern and a countable family of other unstable solutions are found. The blow-up point is ejected to infinity in finite time, and the solutions form a plateau with growing length. The proof uses modulation techniques and different energy estimates in the various zones of interest.
Published: 2021

45. The organization and development of cortical interneuron presynaptic circuits are area specific

Author: Kimberly D. Ritola, Chimuanya K. Agba, Yanjie Qiu, Deepanjali Dwivedi, Gabrielle Pouchelon, Yannick Bollmann, Qing Xu, Gord Fishell, Sehyun Kim, Elaine Sevier, Andrea Mc Mirow, Rosa Cossart, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U1249), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), and Cossart, Rosa
Subjects: Male, Interneuron, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Presynaptic Terminals, Sensory system, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, monosynaptic rabies tracing, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interneurons, sensory cortex, Neural Pathways, medicine, Animals, Sensory deprivation, Sensory cortex, fragile X syndrome, development, 030304 developmental biology, Cerebral Cortex, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, biology, thalamocortical input, Sense Organs, Cognition, Cortical interneuron, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], GABAergic interneurons, medicine.anatomical_structure, Rabies virus, Synapses, cortical areas, biology.protein, Female, Neuroscience, ALM, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Parvalbumin
Abstract: Parvalbumin and somatostatin inhibitory interneurons gate information flow in discrete cortical areas that compute sensory and cognitive functions. Despite the considerable differences between areas, individual interneuron subtypes are genetically invariant and are thought to form canonical circuits regardless of which area they are embedded in. Here, we investigate whether this is achieved through selective and systematic variations in their afferent connectivity during development. To this end, we examined the development of their inputs within distinct cortical areas. We find that interneuron afferents show little evidence of being globally stereotyped. Rather, each subtype displays characteristic regional connectivity and distinct developmental dynamics by which this connectivity is achieved. Moreover, afferents dynamically regulated during development are disrupted by early sensory deprivation and in a model of fragile X syndrome. These data provide a comprehensive map of interneuron afferents across cortical areas and reveal the logic by which these circuits are established during development.
Published: 2021

46. Fast local warming is the main driver of recent deoxygenation in the northern Arabian Sea

Author: Shafer Smith, Michael Mehari, Muchamad Al Azhar, Zouhair Lachkar, Marina Lévy, Center for Prototype Climate Modeling, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratification (water), Forcing (mathematics), Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Life, QH501-531, Hindcast, 14. Life underwater, Deoxygenation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Monsoon of South Asia, QE1-996.5, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Thermocline
Abstract: The Arabian Sea (AS) hosts one of the most intense oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world. Observations suggest a decline in O2 in the northern AS over the recent decades accompanied by an intensification of the suboxic conditions there. Over the same period, the local sea surface temperature has risen significantly, particularly over the Arabian Gulf (also known as Persian Gulf, hereafter the Gulf), while summer monsoon winds may have intensified. Here, we simulate the evolution of dissolved oxygen in the AS from 1982 through 2010 and explore its controlling factors, with a focus on changing atmospheric conditions. To this end, we use a set of eddy-resolving hindcast simulations forced with winds and heat and freshwater fluxes from an atmospheric reanalysis. We find a significant deoxygenation in the northern AS, with O2 inventories north of 20∘ N dropping by over 6 % per decade between 100 and 1000 m. These changes cause an expansion of the OMZ volume north of 20∘ N at a rate of 0.6 % per decade as well as an increase in the volume of suboxia and the rate of denitrification by 14 and 15 % per decade, respectively. We also show that strong interannual and decadal variability modulate dissolved oxygen in the northern AS, with most of the O2 decline taking place in the 1980s and 1990s. Using a set of sensitivity simulations we demonstrate that deoxygenation in the northern AS is essentially caused by reduced ventilation induced by the recent fast warming of the sea surface, including in the Gulf, with a contribution from concomitant summer monsoon wind intensification. This is because, on the one hand, surface warming enhances vertical stratification and increases Gulf water buoyancy, thus inhibiting vertical mixing and ventilation of the thermocline. On the other hand, summer monsoon wind intensification causes a rise in the thermocline depth in the northern AS that lowers O2 levels in the upper ocean. Our findings confirm that the AS OMZ is strongly sensitive to upper-ocean warming and concurrent changes in the Indian monsoon winds. Finally, our results also demonstrate that changes in the local climatic forcing play a key role in regional dissolved oxygen changes and hence need to be properly represented in global models to reduce uncertainties in future projections of deoxygenation.
Published: 2021

47. Le Petit Prince multilingual naturalistic fMRI corpus

Author: Jixing Li, Shohini Bhattasali, Shulin Zhang, Berta Franzluebbers, Wen-Ming Luh, R. Nathan Spreng, Jonathan R. Brennan, Yiming Yang, Christophe Pallier, John Hale, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), University of Maryland [Baltimore], Department of Linguistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, National Institute on Aging [Bethesda, USA] (NIA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Linguistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Jiangsu Normal University (JSNU), Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-16-NEUC-0005,NCM-NL,Neuro-computational models of Natural Language(2016)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Brain Mapping, Brain, Linguistics, Library and Information Sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computer Science Applications, Education, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Speech, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Comprehension, Information Systems, Language
Abstract: Neuroimaging using more ecologically valid stimuli such as audiobooks has advanced our understanding of natural language comprehension in the brain. However, prior naturalistic stimuli have typically been restricted to a single language, which limited generalizability beyond small typological domains. Here we present the Le Petit Prince fMRI Corpus (LPPC–fMRI), a multilingual resource for research in the cognitive neuroscience of speech and language during naturalistic listening (OpenNeuro: ds003643). 49 English speakers, 35 Chinese speakers and 28 French speakers listened to the same audiobook The Little Prince in their native language while multi-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired. We also provide time-aligned speech annotation and word-by-word predictors obtained using natural language processing tools. The resulting timeseries data are shown to be of high quality with good temporal signal-to-noise ratio and high inter-subject correlation. Data-driven functional analyses provide further evidence of data quality. This annotated, multilingual fMRI dataset facilitates future re-analysis that addresses cross-linguistic commonalities and differences in the neural substrate of language processing on multiple perceptual and linguistic levels.
Published: 2021

48. GAN Based Data Augmentation for Indoor Localization Using Labeled and Unlabeled Data

Author: Raed M. Shubair, Marwa Chafii, Wafa Njima, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), and Njima, Wafa
Subjects: semi-supervised learning, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), Artificial neural network, business.industry, Computer science, Deep learning, [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], Location awareness, Pattern recognition, Fingerprint recognition, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], computer.software_genre, Accuracy improvement, Data modeling, deep neural network (DNN), Labeled data, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Indoor localization, generative adversarial network (GAN)
Abstract: International audience; Machine learning techniques allow accurate indoor localization with low online complexity. However, a large amount of collected data samples is needed to properly train a deep neural network (DNN) model used for localization. In this paper, we propose to generate fake fingerprints using generative adversarial networks (GANs) based on a small amount of collected data samples. We consider an indoor scenario where collected labeled data samples are rare and insufficient to generate fake samples of a good multitude and diversity in order to provide a good localization accuracy. Thus, both labeled and unlabeled fingerprints are provided to the GAN so that more realistic fake data samples are generated. Then, a DNN model is trained on mixed dataset comprising real collected labeled and pseudo-labeled fingerprints as well as fake generated pseudo-labeled fingerprints. The data augmentation based on real measurements leads to a mean localization accuracy improvement of 9.66% in comparison to the conventional semi-supervised localization algorithm.
Published: 2021

49. Microelectromechanical devices driven by thermosalient effects

Author: Jad Mahmoud Halabi, Isabelle Séguy, Ludovic Salvagnac, Thierry Leïchlé, Daisuke Saya, Fabrice Mathieu, Benjamin Duployer, Durga Prasad Karothu, Liviu Nicu, Panče Naumov, New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique (LAAS-MPN), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Équipe Microsystèmes électromécaniques (LAAS-MEMS), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Renatech, bourse Horizon GSAS de l'Université de New YorkCore Technology Platform (CTP)
Subjects: General Energy, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: International audience; The state-of-the-art microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) technology faces challenges in meeting the requirements of the next decade regarding improved performance, functionality, and power consumption, which can be addressed by resorting to new actuating materials. Dynamic molecular single crystals have been explored as actuating elements; however, difficulties with control over the geometry and fabrication of these materials has limited their scalability and application. Here, we present dynamic molecular crystals driven by thermosalient phase transitions as alternative materials in MEMSs technology with swift and amplified mechanical response. This work employs a thermally deposited stable polycrystalline thin film of L-pyroglutamic acid to fabricate a prototypical thermosalient organic crystal-MEMS (TS-OC-MEMS). The organic thin film undergoes a reversible and cyclable martensitic phase transition that drives the deformation. The TS-OC-MEMSs provide a reliable and scalable solution to utilize dynamic molecular crystals in robust applications and circumvent the challenges that have long stifled their application as actuating materials.
Published: 2022

50. Thioether-Crown-Rich Calix[4]arene Porous Polymer for Highly Efficient Removal of Mercury from Water

Author: Hassan Traboulsi, Asma Eskhan, Javed Mazher, Zouhair Asfari, Sandra Boutros, Jésus Raya, Tina Skorjanc, Dinesh K. Shetty, Fawzi Banat, Ali Trabolsi, Anna Marie De Lena, Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King Faisal University (KFU), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Khalifa University for Science Technology [Abou Dabi], New York University [Abu Dhabi], and NYU System (NYU)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Environmental remediation, Kinetics, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Portable water purification, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Mercury (element), chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Thioether, 13. Climate action, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Mesoporous material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A rational design of adsorbents with high uptake efficiency and fast kinetics for highly toxic pollutants is a key challenge in environmental remediation. Here, we report the design of a well-defined thioether-crown-rich porous calix[4]arene-based mesoporous polymer S-CX4P and its utility in removal of highly relevant toxic mercury (Hg2+) from water. The polymer shows an exceptional, record-high uptake efficiency of 1686 mg g–1 and the fastest initial adsorption rate of 278 mg g–1 min–1. Remarkably, S-CX4P can effectively remove Hg2+ from high concentration (5 ppm) to below the acceptable limit for drinking water (2 ppb) even in the presence of other competitive metals at high concentrations. In addition, the polymer can be easily regenerated at room temperature and reused multiple times with negligible loss in uptake rate and efficiency. The results demonstrate the potential of rationally designed thioether-crown-rich polymers for high performance mercury removal.
Published: 2019

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