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Exposure to human evil, referring to malevolent deeds that deliberately inflict suffering or death, can be psychologically traumatic. This study examined self-perceived evil-related threats within the conception of hostile-world scenario (HWS) that signifies one's mental representation of major threats in life. The study explored whether evil-related threats, along with HWS, differentiated Holocaust survivors from comparisons, and how these concepts related to mental health. Participants were Israelis aged 58–93, including 220 Holocaust survivors and 205 non-Holocaust survivors. Participants completed measures of mental health (neuroticism, positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms) and HWS. Evil-related threats were assessed by a 7-item Evil Scale separated from the HWS Questionnaire. Evil-related threats contained two factors, fear of human violence and interpersonal distrust, and correlated with lower mental health. With age and gender controlled, Holocaust survivors were higher than comparisons on evil-related threats and negative engagement with HWS. Beyond associations of HWS (in its negative and positive engagement modes) with mental health, evil-related threats related to higher depressive symptoms among survivors. Results suggest that early traumatic experiences related to perceived threats in later life. Evil-related threats complemented the HWS in associating with mental health. The findings bear implications in approaching victims of evil and trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present longitudinal study investigates the development of both positive and negative personal traits (i.e., self-esteem and neuroticism, respectively) among newlywed couples. The aim is to identify distinct joint trajectories of self-esteem and neuroticism and then compare marital quality across different trajectory classes. A sample of 268 Chinese newlyweds completed self-esteem, neuroticism, and marital quality questionnaires at three time points. Dyadic Latent Class Growth Analyses were used to examine the joint trajectory of self-esteem and neuroticism. The study identified three trajectory groups: the adaptive couples group (c1), the stable couples and husbands more adaptive than wives group (c2), and the stable husbands and wives more adaptive than husbands group (c3). The adaptive couples group had the highest level of initial marital quality. The two other groups, characterized by initial differences between partners in self-esteem and neuroticism, had relatively lower baseline marital quality. In comparison, wives in the c3 group initially displayed higher levels of marital quality than those in the c2 group. This research improves our understanding of personal development in couples and sheds light on the complex associations between personal and relational development in the context of marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) brings adverse and serious consequences to both new parents and newborns. Neuroticism affects PPD, which remains controversial for confounding factors and reverse causality in cross-sectional research. Therefore, mendelian randomization (MR) study has been adopted to investigate their causal relationship. Methods: This study utilized large-scale genome-wide association study genetic pooled data from three major databases: the United Kingdom Biobank, the European Bioinformatics Institute, and the FinnGen databases. The causal analysis methods used inverse variance weighting (IVW). The weighted median, MR-Egger method, MR-PRESSO test, and the leave-one-out sensitivity test have been used to examine the results' robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy. The fixed effect model yielded the results of meta-analysis. Results: In the IVW model, a meta-analysis of the MR study showed that neuroticism increased the risk of PPD (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11–1.25, p < 0.01). Reverse analysis showed that PPD could not genetically predict neuroticism. There was no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy bias in this result. Conclusion: Our study suggests neuroticism is the risk factor for PPD from a gene perspective and PPD is not the risk factor for neuroticism. This finding may provide new insights into prevention and intervention strategies for PPD according to early detection of neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim was to investigate psychological risk profiles of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Depression and anxiety have been linked to CVD, but research has not incorporated personality and sex-specific analyses are warranted. In this study, we examine the role of sex, neuroticism, extraversion, anxiety and depression on the risk of CVD. Method: Using data from the HUNT-study and the mortality register, 32,383 (57.10% men) participants were followed for an average of 10.48 years. During this time, 142 died of myocardial infarction (MI) and 111 of stroke. Results: Cox regression showed that depression (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.00, 1.14]) and neuroticism (1.23 [1.08, 1.40]) were significantly related to an increased risk of MI. One standard unit increase in depression and neuroticism was associated with 1.22 [CI 1.01, 1.47] increase and 1.43 [CI 1.14, 0.78] increase in the risk of MI respectively. For stroke, there was no significant effect of anxiety, depression or personality. However, we found a significant interaction effect between sex and extraversion where higher extraversion was associated with greater risk of stroke for women only. Conclusions: Both neuroticism and depression were related to MI. We observed an interaction between extraversion and sex with stroke, but the effect size was small. The role of extroversion as a risk factor for CVD remains inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, the mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 has been inclined to around 68 million by the end of January 2023. Many people lost their family members due to the virus attack or its comorbid complications. Mourning the loss of a loved one is a painful time, but the ability to handle this stress may vary from person to person. It could be a result of their personality traits and inner capabilities, such as self-efficacy. This study aimed to understand the role of personality traits and self-efficacy on the resilience of bereaved individuals. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit a total of 237 participants who had lost loved ones to COVID-19 (father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, uncle, aunt, and distant relatives). After explaining the objective of the study and taking informed consent, they were administered using brief resilience scale, a big five personality inventory, and general self-efficacy questionnaire. Self-efficacy and resilience were found to have a positive correlation, while neuroticism and resilience had a negative correlation. In addition, the mediation analysis revealed that self-efficacy acted as an important mediator between personality traits (Openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and resilience. Individuals with strong self-efficacy were able to return to their usual state more quickly than those with low self-efficacy, as indicated by the results. However, attributes such as openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, together with self-efficacy, might enhance resilience. Therefore, the study strongly suggests incorporating self-efficacy into the design of therapeutic programs for coping with bereavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological ambivalence, which refers to the simultaneous experience of opposing and contradictory thoughts or emotions, is a relatively understudied construct despite its integral role in early formulations of schizophrenia and schizotypy. The Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale (SAS) was developed to measure this synchronic ambivalence characteristic of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. Interview, questionnaire, and ambulatory assessment studies have demonstrated the SAS is associated with multidimensional schizotypy. The present study examined the expression of ambivalence, as measured by the SAS, in daily life using experience sampling methodology (ESM) in 227 young adults. We also examined ambivalence as a predictor of reactivity, variability, and instability affective dynamics. Participants were prompted by a smartphone application eight times per day for one week to complete ESM questionnaires that assessed affect, social functioning, situation appraisals, and schizotypic experiences in daily life. Overall, SAS scores were associated with daily life experiences of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences, emotional dysregulation, and social impairment. SAS scores also predicted time-dependent affective dynamics. Specifically, ambivalence predicted reactivity and variability of negative affect, as well as variability of appraising the current situation as positive. The study also includes an exploratory examination of the effects of ambivalence over-and-above neuroticism measure by the NEO-FFI-3. The present study supports results from interview and questionnaire studies that pathological ambivalence is a cross-cutting component of multidimensional schizotypy and provides further support for the construct validity of the SAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine whether nurses' personality traits impact their levels of compassion fatigue. Backgrounds: Compassion fatigue has become one of nursing literature's most discussed and investigated topics. Although some nurses working in the same environment and under similar conditions are more resistant to compassion fatigue, some are at risk of it. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 451 nurses selected using a simple random sampling method in Turkey. Data were collected using web‐based online survey forms between February and April 2022. A questionnaire form regarding personal traits and professional characteristics, the Compassion Fatigue‐Short Scale, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t‐test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The nurses' compassion fatigue was moderate, and personality traits were found to be agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, respectively. There was a negative correlation between compassion fatigue and personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience, yet a positive correlation with neuroticism and negative valence. According to the regression analysis, nurses' personality traits were effective on compassion fatigue by 21.9%. The personality trait of extraversion had a negative impact on compassion fatigue, and neuroticism had a positive impact. Conclusion: This study identified a correlation between nurses' personality traits and compassion fatigue, suggesting that certain personality traits can be predictive factors of compassion fatigue. The limited number of studies discussing personality traits and compassion fatigue together increases the importance of the current study, which may shed light on future studies to be conducted on similar topics. Implications for nursing and other policies: This study has important implications for nurse managers. Nurse managers can predict whether they may experience compassion fatigue based on their personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We integrate insights from attachment theory and relational leadership to develop a novel interpersonal explanation of why, how and when followers' attachment anxiety and avoidance impact performance. Drawing on the attachment system dynamics model, we posit that attachment avoidance will be negatively related to LMX quality, whereas attachment anxiety will be positively related to LMX ambivalence. Furthermore, we predict that followers' anxious (and avoidant) attachment styles will interact with leader neuroticism leading to a hyperactivation (deactivation) of the attachment system, manifesting in greater LMX ambivalence (and lower LMX quality). Across three studies, we found consistent evidence for a positive relationship between follower attachment anxiety and LMX ambivalence, as well as an indirect effect between attachment anxiety and job performance. Leader neuroticism was especially likely to induce LMX ambivalence and, in turn, undermine job performance in anxiously attached followers. Attachment avoidance, although unaffected by leader neuroticism, was negatively related to LMX quality across all three studies and demonstrated an indirect effect on job performance in Study 3. Overall, our findings shed light on the unique explanatory power of relational mechanisms, beyond previously examined intrapersonal mechanisms, for understanding the attachment style–performance relationship as well as the role that leader characteristics play in triggering the attachment system in anxious followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to analyse associations between the five‐factor model personality traits and locus of control of successes and failures based on the theory of social learning and to assess whether gender moderated relationships between these variables in Polish early adolescents. The following instruments were used: the Picture Based Personality Survey for Children and the Locus of Control Questionnaire. A total of 1016 students participated in the study, including 49% boys and 51% girls. Both for girls and boys, the highest correlations were found between conscientiousness and locus of control in success situations. Neuroticism correlated negatively with the two types of locus of control. A moderating effect of gender was observed between openness to experience and locus of control of successes, and it was stronger in girls than in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic phenomenon. In evidence-based treatments for disorders involving emotion dysregulation, there are still many who do not achieve clinically significant gains. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the effect of personality on treatment outcomes in individuals experiencing symptoms of emotion dysregulation. Participants were involved in a randomized control trial, where they participated in one of two group therapy programs, dialectical behavioural therapy or positive psychotherapy (PPT). Hierarchical regressions were performed to examine the main effects and interactive effects predicting change in emotion dysregulation, depression, and anxiety across the course of treatment. Split group analyses were conducted to examine the main effects of personality on treatment outcomes, differentiated by treatment group. None of the individual personality traits reached a level of significance to predict treatment outcomes after controlling for baseline symptom severity. However, large effect sizes were observed suggesting personality may have moderated specific treatment effects within the individual types of treatment. For participants undergoing dialectical behaviour therapy, higher conscientiousness and higher neuroticism predicted improved depressive symptoms. Conversely, for participants undergoing PPT, lower neuroticism and lower conscientiousness predicted improved emotion dysregulation. Extraversion predicted better outcomes across both groups. Results suggest that certain treatment types could be more beneficial for people with certain personality profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examined how activity engagement mediates the association between personality and cognition. Methods: Participants were middle-aged and older adults (Age range: 24–93 years; N > 16,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study, the Health and Retirement Study, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of Aging. In each sample, personality traits and demographic factors were assessed at baseline, engagement in cognitive, physical, and social activities was assessed in a second wave, and cognition was measured in a third wave, 8 to 20 years later. Results: Random-effect meta-analyses indicated that lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness were prospectively associated with better cognition. Most of these associations were partly mediated by greater engagement in physical and cognitive activities but not social activities. Physical activity accounted for 7% (neuroticism) to 50% (extraversion) and cognitive activity accounted for 14% (neuroticism) to 45% (extraversion) of the association with cognition. Conclusion: The present study provides replicable evidence that physical and cognitive activities partly mediate the prospective association between personality traits and cognitive functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Despite the importance of studying factors contributing to nursing students' attitudes toward artificial intelligence, yet according to our knowledge, no study has addressed the relationship between personality traits and the attitude of nursing students toward artificial intelligence. Aim. This study aimed to unveil whether nursing students' personality traits are related to their attitude toward AI. Methods. This multicenter cross‐sectional study included 218 nursing students from three governmental universities across various regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were gathered online, utilizing the Big Five Inventory, the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were employed. The research complied with the STROBE checklist. Results. Findings indicated that nursing students with a high score in the openness trait displayed positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Conversely, those who scored high in neuroticism and agreeableness exhibited fewer positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence and more negative attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Additionally, nursing students who ranked high in conscientiousness showed a negative attitude toward artificial intelligence. Conclusion. Except for extraversion, personality traits appear to predict attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Implications for Nursing Management. The current study provides a foundation for understanding how generative AI can be integrated into nursing education and practice in a manner that is both effective and considerate of the diverse psychological profiles of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Sensory processing sensitivity is a neurobiological trait that is related to many areas of life. The purpose of this study was to translate the original Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire to Persian and access the psychometric properties of the translated questionnaire in adults aged 18–45 years old. Methods: The questionnaire was translated using the International Quality of Life Assessment project's protocol. Face and content validity were checked by consulting 15 occupational therapists. The study included 142 participants aged 18–45 years with a mean age of 25.11 ± 7.825 years, without any disabilities. They were selected using non-probability sampling and were from all areas of Tehran. The participants completed Persian versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination, General Health Questionnaire-12, and Highly Sensitive Person Scale, as well as the translated Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire. They also completed the Goldberg Depression Scale, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and the neuroticism sub-scale of the Big Five Inventory. Convergent validity was investigated using the Highly Sensitive Person Scale to ensure reliability, and internal consistency analysis was used. Results: The quality of the translation was good. All items of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire maintained a high item impact score index, with values higher than 1.5, a content validity ratio higher than 0.60, and a content validity index higher than 0.80. A significant positive correlation (r=0.443, P<0.01) was found between the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire scores and the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. The Persian translation of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire showed optimal internal consistency (α=0.826) based on Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire demonstrated good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.863). A significant positive correlation exists between sensory processing sensitivity and anxiety (r=0.188, P<0.05) and neuroticism (r=0.186, P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between sensory processing sensitivity and depression despite their direct relationship (r=0.138, P>0.05). In the control condition, similar results were observed. A significant and positive correlation was found between sensory processing sensitivity and neuroticism in both the depression control (r=0.289, P<0.05) and the anxiety control state (r=0.265, P<0.01). Furthermore, a significant and positive relationship was found between sensory processing sensitivity and anxiety in the control of neuroticism (r=0.305, P<0.01). However, no significant relationship was observed between sensory processing sensitivity and depression in the states of anxiety and neuroticism control (0.1000.05). The results of data analysis revealed that women (P=0.002) and employed people (P=0.059) had higher sensory processing sensitivity. Conclusions: The Persian version of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability in Persian-speaking adults aged 18-45 years old. Implications for practice: The Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire represents a convenient research tool for measuring sensory processing sensitivity because of its simple scoring system, it is quick to complete and it can be used in different situations, by rehabilitation service providers, especially occupational therapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two gastrointestinal (GI) conditions known to be exacerbated by traumatic life experiences. One way in which these experiences might influence individuals' susceptibility to GI pathology, is by reducing their ability to deal with adversities effectively and predisposing them to passive coping styles that leave them vulnerable to the somatic effects of trauma. To validate this hypothesis, the present cross‐sectional study assessed the mediating effect of coping dispositions on the association between trauma and GI disease activity in an adult sample of 189 bowel patients (94 IBD, 95 IBS) and 92 controls. Results confirmed that GI patients exhibit significantly more cumulative trauma, pervasive feelings of uncontrollability and passive coping strategies than controls. Moreover, the use of passive coping styles was positively associated with the accumulation of trauma and the expression of GI symptoms. Using hierarchical regression and mediation analyses, we found support for the sequential model postulating passive coping styles as (partial) mediators of trauma‐induced (GI) disease manifestations. Specifically, out of all coping styles associated with cumulative trauma, behavioural disengagement most powerfully mediated the effect of trauma on GI symptom severity, accounting for 12% (IBD) to 14% (IBS) of its total effect. A somewhat smaller mediating role was observed for social support coping, the reduced reliance on which explained 7% (IBS) to 10% (IBD) of trauma's total effect. Finally, neuroticism acted as a channel through which past traumatization affected subjects' proneness to behavioural disengagement and, consequently, their GI disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the influences of extraversion and neuroticism on the relationship between childhood adversity and substance misuse have been considered in adults, they are not yet clear and have not been examined among adolescent samples. This study sought to investigate the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse, alongside the influences of extraversion and neuroticism, using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Statistical analyses were performed on a longitudinal dataset provided by the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). After controlling for confounds, childhood adversity was a significant predictor of substance use disorder symptoms in adolescence. Moderation analyses showed that experiences of childhood adversity were most strongly associated with adolescent substance use disorder symptoms at higher levels of extraversion and at higher levels of neuroticism. Among adolescents who have experienced childhood adversity, extraversion and neuroticism may be risk factors for substance use disorder. By encouraging professionals to target adolescent substance misuse intervention and prevention approaches towards those who have experienced childhood adversity and are high in extraversion and/or neuroticism, these findings may help to diminish the prevalence of adolescent substance misuse and improve the health of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have been done on antecedents of workplace bullying, but the connections between personality traits, self-efficacy and workplace bullying are still given less attention in the present workplace bullying literature. Therefore, this study examines the predictive role of personality traits on workplace bullying and investigates the mediating effect... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between lifestyle and migraine is complex, as it remains uncertain which specific lifestyle factors play the most prominent role in the development of migraine, or which modifiable metabolic traits serve as mediators in establishing causality. Methods: Independent genetic variants strongly associated with 20 lifestyle factors were selected as instrumental variables from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary-level data for migraine were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (18,477 cases and 287,837 controls) as a discovery set and the GWAS meta-analysis data (26,052 cases and 487,214 controls) as a replication set. Estimates derived from the two datasets were combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Two-step univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were conducted to evaluate 19 potential mediators of association and determine the proportions of these mediators. Results: The combined effect of inverse variance weighted revealed that a one standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted Leisure screen time (LST) was associated with a 27.7% increase (95% CI: 1.14–1.44) in migraine risk, while Moderate or/and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with a 26.9% decrease (95% CI: 0.61–0.87) in migraine risk. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that out of the 19 modifiable metabolic risk factors examined, hypertension explains 24.81% of the relationship between LST and the risk of experiencing migraine. Furthermore, hypertension and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) partially weaken the association between MVPA and migraines, mediating 4.86% and 4.66% respectively. Conclusion: Our research findings indicated that both LST and MVPA in lifestyle have independent causal effects on migraine. Additionally, we have identified that hypertension and DBP play a mediating role in the causal pathway between these two factors and migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD) have complex etiologies and often severe consequences. Certain personality traits have been associated with an increased risk for SU(D), but far less is known about personality changes related to SU(D). This review aims to synthesize the existing literature on this research question. A systematic literature search was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 in PubMed, EbscoHost, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed original papers on SU(D)-related personality changes were included. Of 55 included studies, 38 were observational population-based studies and 17 were intervention studies. Overall, personality and SU measures, samples, study designs, and statistical approaches were highly heterogenous. In observational studies, higher SU was most consistently related to increases in impulsivity-related traits and (less so) neuroticism, while interventions in the context of SU(D) were mostly associated with increases in conscientiousness and self-efficacy and lasting decreases in neuroticism. Findings for traits related to extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were mixed and depended on SU measure and age. Studies on bidirectional associations suggest that personality and SU(D) both influence each other over time. Due to their strong association with SU(D), impulsivity-related traits may be important target points for interventions. Future work may investigate the mechanisms underlying personality changes related to SU(D), distinguishing substance-specific effects from general SU(D)-related processes like withdrawal, craving, and loss of control. Furthermore, more research is needed to examine whether SU(D)-related personality changes vary by developmental stage and clinical features (e.g. initial use, onset, remission, and relapse). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first analysis - a tango with the mother? The course of treatment of a patient suffering from a moderate depressive episode, somatization disorder and narcissistic neurosis structure is described. The treatment, which takes place over 300 sessions in an individual analytical setting, reveals deep-rooted conflicts of self-worth and a strong dependence on the approval of others. Through the therapeutic work, the patient succeeds in recognizing and working through his inner conflicts, which helps him to better understand and shape himself and his relationships with others. The author also reflects on the challenges and learning processes that this first psychoanalytic treatment entailed for her as a therapist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not there are notable differences between male and female vocational training students in terms of academic, behavioral, and psychophysiological characteristics. Methods: A total of 411 vocational training students, 210 of whom were male and 201 of whom were female, participated in an online survey that assessed academic, behavioral, and psychophysiological patterns. Results: In terms of extraversion and openness to experience, our research revealed that no statistically significant differences were noticed. When it came to agreeableness, however, significant differences were seen, with female students getting higher marks than male students. Furthermore, we found that there were significant gender differences in terms of neuroticism and conscientiousness, with female students achieving higher scores than male students. When compared to their male counterparts, females displayed higher performance in terms of academic success. They also demonstrated superior values in terms of reported stress, anxiety, and cognitive inflexibility. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide a more in-depth understanding of the numerous factors that have an impact on students engaging in vocational training. This will serve as a foundation for the development of individualized instructional and support programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a neurotic disorder. The essential feature of OCD is unwanted thoughts (obsession) that enter the person's mind again and again in a repetitive way, and these thoughts lead to acts that are repeated again and again. These behaviours interfere with daily activities and create distress for the individual. This is a case report of an adolescent boy who was experiencing "obsessive" thoughts related to the "dog bite" and cleaning and checking (when he felt the pain in different body parts, he felt that dog's bite on that place, and then he used to check again and again, and also he was afraid of rabies. He took more than 100 injections of rabies because of his compulsions." The study aims to decrease the level of symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder with the treatment of ERP techniques. Initially, assessment sessions of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the client to learn about the case history, personality traits, conflict, family history, and causes of the disorder. The client had been checked for the diagnosis of OCD symptoms with the Y-BOCS rating scale and Beck's depression inventory, which indicate higher symptoms of OCD with mild mood disturbance. The client was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder according to ICD-10 DCR criteria. Exposure and response prevention therapy was used as a treatment. After diagnosis, 5 sessions of ERP were conducted per week for a total of 60 sessions. After the sessions, the client reported that he had reduced intrusive thoughts and compulsions and observed positive changes in his behaviour. Based on the observation during the sessions and the feedback of the patient, ERP is an effective treatment for reducing the symptoms (intrusive thoughts & compulsions) of OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factor structure, reliability, and concurrent validity of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were evaluated in a large clinical sample (N = 1,294). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the previously supported two-factor solution distinguishing two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The total sample was randomly split into two subsamples to permit cross-validation of the confirmatory factor analysis solution (Ns = 633 and 661). Although the initial two-factor model revealed poor model fit, fit was acceptable after re-specifying the model to freely estimate a substantively interpretable correlated residual between items 1 and 3. Acceptable fit of the correlated residual model was replicated in the cross-validation subsample. Both factors had strong scale reliability. In support of its concurrent validity, Reappraisal was moderately (positively) correlated with a measure of mood repair (Trait Meta Mood Scale) and was more strongly associated with mood repair and neuroticism than with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Suppression was more strongly (negatively) correlated with extraversion than mood repair and most symptom measures, except for self-reported social anxiety. The current study extends the literature by demonstrating the favorable psychometric properties Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in a large clinical sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes data on the gender distribution of mental health disorders among adolescents of Togo, West Africa. The sample size of this study included 242 patients. Gender and mental health disorders according to the definition of International Classification of Disease, tenth revision (ICD-10) were considered. Females were significantly more likely to develop a mental health disorder than males (61.16% vs 38.84% of the sample), and females were significantly 3 times more likely to develop Somatoform Disorders- Other Neurotic Disorders compared to males. Males were significantly 2 times more likely to develop Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst research has assessed the multidimensionality of organizational stressors, severity has been overlooked. This study aimed to develop and validate a severity response scale, before examining the relationship between organizational stressor severity, physical health, and well-being, and if severity mediated the relationship between stressor occurrence and outcomes. 403 sport performers (186 male; Mage = 21.43) completed a questionnaire assessing study variables and data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Organizational stressor severity had a significant, negative relationship with physical health (r = -.374, p <.001), but notwith hedonic or eudaimonic well-being (p =.624 and.203). Direct effects were found for neuroticism (β = -0.632, p <.001) and stressor frequency (β = -0.226, p =.016) on physical health; however, when adding severity as a mediator, stressor frequency positively predicted stressor severity (β = 1.025, p <.001); however, the indirect effect of stressor frequency on physical health via stressor severity (β = -0.018, p =.885) and the direct effect between stressor frequency and physical health (β = -0.191, p =.204) were non-significant. These novel findings highlight that higher stressor severity is associated with higher physical health complaints, and that repeated exposure to stressors may heighten an vulnerability to future stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Jung's notion of archetypes has had far‐reaching universal appeal and significance, it remains less obvious how these ideas might benefit the analytic patient. In particular, the therapist and/or patient may struggle to hold the tension between the latter's personal neuroses and how transpersonal/archetypal elements inform his/her experience. While Jung strove to develop a treatment that dealt primarily with the archetypal/objective psyche, the personal psyche is arguably the medium through which the archetypes are experienced. I contend that the "discipline" of Jungian analysis evolved from a transposition of Jung's ideas around transpersonal, philosophical and religious themes (borne out of his own self‐analysis), into a two‐person psychotherapeutic process. Jung provides little description of his clinical encounters and the way in which he conducted his analyses leaving an uncertainty that has likely contributed to the divergence of approaches practised today by analytical psychologists. This article considers the implication of these divergences for contemporary Jungian practice and proposes a way of working in the Jungian spirit that maintains a connection to the symbolic realm while at the same time remaining focused on the complexities of personal and relational dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar 2 disorder (BP 2 disorder) with respect to reported childhood trauma and Five-Factor personality traits using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Participants were 50 men and women, aged 18-45, with DSM-5-diagnosed BPD and 50 men and women in the same age group with DSM-5-diagnosed BP 2 disorder. Participants could not meet criteria for both BPD and BP 2 disorder. Borderline participants had significantly higher scores on the neuroticism subscale and significantly lower scores on the agreeableness subscale of the NEO-FFI. After correction for multiple comparisons, there were no between-group differences on CTQ scores. Study results suggest that BPD and BP 2 disorder differ primarily with respect to underlying temperament/genetic architecture and that environmental factors have only a limited role in the differential etiologies of the two disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Personality traits are broadly related to medical conditions, but there is limited research on the association with the risk of arthritis. This multicohort study examines the concurrent and prospective associations between personality traits and arthritis risk. Methods Participants (N  > 45,000) were mostly middle-aged and older adults from 6 established longitudinal cohorts. Baseline assessments of personality traits, covariates (age, sex, education, race, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, body mass index, and smoking), and arthritis diagnosis were obtained in each sample. Arthritis incidence was assessed over 8–20 years of follow-up. Results The meta-analyses identified an association between higher neuroticism and an increased risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.24; p  < .001, I 2 = 40.27) and incident (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.08–1.14; p  < .001, I 2 = 0) arthritis and between higher conscientiousness and a decreased risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86-0.90; p  < .001, I 2 = 0) and incident (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98; p  = .002, I 2 = 41.27) arthritis. Higher extraversion was linked to lower risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.96; p  < .001, I 2 = 76.09) and incident (hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99; p  = .018, I 2 = 0) arthritis, and openness was related to lower risk of concurrent arthritis (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99; p  = .006, I 2 = 35.86). Agreeableness was unrelated to arthritis. These associations were partially accounted for by depressive symptoms, body mass index, and smoking. There was no consistent evidence of moderation by age or sex. Discussion Findings from 6 samples point to low neuroticism and higher conscientiousness as factors that reduce the risk of arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the relationship between trait-like characteristics and the cognitive appraisals of stressful situations. Using a scoping review approach, we assessed the role of specific personality traits, as measured in the Big Five inventory, in shaping individuals' cognitive appraisals. Our findings reveal significant but small to medium relationships between enduring traits and cognitive appraisals. Neuroticism was positively correlated with primary appraisal but negatively correlated with secondary appraisal in all studies. Reversely, extraversion correlated negatively with primary appraisal but positively with secondary appraisal. Openness to experience was positively correlated with secondary appraisal. Agreeableness was positively correlated with primary and secondary appraisals. Lastly, Conscientiousness was negatively correlated with primary appraisal and positively correlated with secondary appraisal. These results underscore the importance of targeting modifiable personal characteristics, given the challenges of altering external circumstances. Mental health professionals may leverage these traits for intervention, recognizing their role in triggering and maintaining adaptive or maladaptive appraisals. Thus, our findings contribute to new insights into the complex interplay between personality traits and cognitive appraisals, highlighting their role in shaping how individuals navigate and cope with stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores George Eliot's The Lifted Veil (1859) as an early portrayal of traumatic neurosis, providing a fresh perspective to enhance the existing scholarly attention on trauma in Eliot's Daniel Deronda. To illustrate potential contemporary diagnoses for Latimer, I examine other prevalent mid-nineteenth-century models of mental pathology, including phrenology, mesmerism, and hemispheric brain disunity. Drawing on Pierre Janet's trauma theories from the late nineteenth century, I argue that Eliot presents an early portrayal of dissociative trauma through Latimer's psychological experiences. Latimer's visions, complex dream-like interactions, and involuntary consciousness splitting provide a framework for understanding dissociation in response to his emotionally traumatic loss of his mother. Eliot's exploration of dissociation anticipates Pierre Janet's theories, which underpin contemporary understandings of trauma, revealing a remarkable modernity in Eliot's approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary health care services aim to prevent diseases and improve health efficiently and effectively. This study measures perceived service quality in a primary healthcare organization and examines the effect of personality traits on service quality. The cross-sectional study population comprised individuals over the age of 18 who applied to the Bingöl Central Community Health Centre. A total of 460 participants were included in the study between November 2018 and March 2019. The participants completed a face-to-face questionnaire that included socio-demographic characteristics, the SERVQUAL Scale, and an abbreviated form of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. This study is based on doctoral research in public health. The study found median values for personality trait sub-dimensions as follows: neuroticism: 2, psychoticism: 2.65, extraversion: 4, and lying: 5. The SERVQUAL Score was −0.02. The study revealed that the quality of primary health care services did not meet the participants' expectations. The study findings also indicated that age, educational attainment, and extraverted and psychotic personality traits were significantly associated with the satisfaction of service quality expectations (p < 0.05). It is recommended to provide primary health care services in facilities with good physical characteristics, with sufficient and competent health personnel, and in a timely and accurate manner to improve service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe shame is a distressing negative emotion, accompanied by intense feelings of worthlessness that contributes to a broad panoply of psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effects on shame dysregulation of two transdiagnostic treatments, the Unified Protocol (UP) and Self‐Acceptance Group Therapy (SAGT). We additionally addressed the question of whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) can properly be regarded as an emotional disorder. The focus was on outcome measures, primarily shame that cut across individual diagnostic categories and capture emotional dysfunction broadly conceived. Methods: Individuals suffering from a range of emotional disorders (including BPD) and high levels of shame were randomly allocated to treatment by either UP (N = 280) or SAGT (N = 282). Outcomes were measures of emotion dysfunction—shame, loneliness, neuroticism, emotional dysregulation, positive and negative affect—measured pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. Results: UP was superior to SAGT in showing better post‐treatment retention of therapeutic gains on all outcome measures over the 6‐month follow‐up period. Compared with those without a BPD diagnosis, those diagnosed with BPD showed significantly higher neuroticism and emotion dysregulation at baseline and a similar post‐treatment reduction in almost all outcomes. Conclusions: The results support the use of both the UP and SAGT in the treatment of severe shame. The superiority of the UP over SAGT in reducing negative emotionality is interpreted in terms of the specific mechanisms targeted by the UP. The results provide support for the theoretical rationale for the UP as a treatment for dysregulated shame and for emotional dysfunction generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood. Longitudinal analysis of participants from nine samples (N > 28,000). Physical activity status at follow-up. A random-effect meta-analysis revealed that higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were related to a higher likelihood of initiation of physical activity over time among individuals who were physically inactive at baseline and to a lower risk of termination of physical activity among those who were physically active at baseline. In contrast, higher neuroticism was associated with a lower probability of initiation of physical activity and a higher likelihood of termination over time. Although not hypothesised, agreeableness was also associated with better physical activity outcomes over time. This study provides the largest and the longest evidence of a replicable association between personality and change in physical activity status. Personality may motivate both the initiation and termination of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductions: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the diseases that affects the system organs. Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) refers to the display of SLE involving both neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Methods: This retrospective study used inpatient and outpatient data from patients diagnosed with unspecified SLE and also included psychiatric manifestations between 2017 and 2021. Results: The patients’ age range was from under 10 to over 70 years old, and the average age was 31.49 years old. The highest percentage was between 31 and 40 years old, which was 27%. Out of 100 patients, 61 received the majority of their care from the internist. The highest percentage of psychiatric disorders was unspecified depressive disorder, with 17%. The second-largest proportion was other specified neurotic disorders, which was 11%. Additionally, 10% of the patients experienced a mild cognitive illness. Based on gender, women had a higher proportion compared to men. Conclusions: Our study showed that there were 100 NPSLE cases over five years, and the highest percentages were depressive disorder, neurotic symptoms, and mild cognitive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pragmatic prospection is the ability to think deeply about the future in order to identify and to work productively toward goals. It involves imagining desirable future outcomes, setting sensible goals, making plans, and flexibly executing those plans. We conducted an exploratory survey of full-time working U.S. adults (N = 1541), measuring individual differences in pragmatic prospection along with life- and job-related outcomes. All data from the present survey are publicly available. Pragmatic prospection correlated positively with positive outcomes (e.g. life satisfaction, work productivity), correlated negatively with negative outcomes (e.g. anxiety, depression), and tracked with other adaptive personality traits associated with achievement and psychological adjustment (e.g. high conscientiousness, low neuroticism). These results point to pragmatic prospection as an important component of flourishing, both in the workplace and in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from 83,423 parent reports of temperament (surgency, negative affectivity, and regulatory capacity) in infants, toddlers, and children from 341 samples gathered in 59 countries were used to investigate the relations among culture, gender, and temperament. Between-nation differences in temperament were larger than those obtained in similar studies of adult personality, and most pronounced for negative affectivity. Nation-level patterns of negative affectivity were consistent across infancy, toddlerhood, and childhood, and patterns of regulatory capacity were consistent between infancy and toddlerhood. Nations that previously reported high extraversion, high conscientiousness, and low neuroticism in adults were found to demonstrate high surgency in infants and children, and countries reporting low adult openness and high adult neuroticism reported high temperamental negative affectivity. Negative affectivity was high in Southern Asia, Western Asia, and South America and low in Northern and Western Europe. Countries in which children were rated as high in negative affectivity had cultural orientations reflecting collectivism, high power distance, and short-term orientation. Surgency was high in Southeastern and Southern Asia and Southern Europe and low in Eastern Asian countries characterized by philosophies of long-term orientation. Low personal income was associated with high negative affectivity. Gender differences in temperament were largely consistent in direction with prior studies, revealing higher regulatory capacity in females than males and higher surgency in males than females, with these differences becoming more pronounced at later ages. Public Significance Statement: This study is the largest existing effort (59 nations and 83,423 parent reports) to document and understand between-nation differences in the social and emotional behaviors of infants and young children. The results suggest that children in collectivist nations of South America and Southern Asia expressed more negative emotions than those from Northern and Western Europe. Gender differences were relatively consistent across nations and grew stronger with increasing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strongyloidiasis is a chronic infection caused by the intestinal nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis and is characterized by a diverse spectrum of nonspecific clinical manifestations. This report describe a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis with urination difficulty, generalized weakness, and chronic alcoholism diagnosed through the presence of worms in the urinary sediment. A 53-year-old man was hospitalized for severe abdominal distension and urinary difficulties that started 7-10 days prior. The patient also presented with generalized weakness that had persisted for 3 years, passed loose stools without diarrhea, and complained of dyspnea. In the emergency room, approximately 7 L of urine was collected, in which several free-living female adult and rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis, identified through their morphological characteristics and size measurements, were detected via microscopic examination. Rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis were also found in the patient's stool. During hospitalization, the patient received treatment for strongyloidiasis, chronic alcoholism, peripheral neurosis, neurogenic bladder, and megaloblastic anemia, and was subsequently discharged with improved generalized conditions. Overall, this report presents a rare case of disseminated strongyloidiasis in which worms were detected in the urinary sediment of a patient with urination difficulties and generalized weakness combined with chronic alcoholism, neurogenic bladder, and megaloblastic anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The high prevalence of stress-related disorders and depression underscores the urgent need to unravel their impact on individual well-being. This study aim to investigate common psychiatric and stress-related diagnoses, along with postviral fatigue, in individuals with prior stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) and prior depression compared to those without prior SED or depression, and to study whether the psychiatric comorbidity patterns differ. The study includes individuals in Region Stockholm who, in 2011, did not have a diagnosis of SED or depression. ICD-10 diagnosis of SED, depression, or both, recorded in 2012–2013, were compared to individuals without prior SED or depression in a cohort (n = 1,362,886), aged 18 to 65. Odds ratios (OR) with 99 % confidence intervals, adjusted for age and neighborhood socioeconomic status, were calculated for psychiatric disorders and post-viral fatigue in 2014–2022. Patients with prior SED showed associations primarily with stress related diagnoses, including acute stress reaction, reaction to severe stress, as well as post-COVID-19 and post-viral fatigue syndrome. These ORs were all larger for SED than depression. Depression was primarily associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol related and substance use disorders, schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, delusional disorders, manic episode, bipolar affective disorder, persistent mood disorder, neurotic disorder, borderline personality disorder, autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, attention -deficit hyperactivity disorder, attention-deficit disorders ADHD/ADD), and suicide attempt. These ORs were all higher for depression, although autistic disorders, ADHD/ADD and PTSD were also highly associated with prior SED (OR > 3.5). The divergent psychiatric comorbidity patterns suggest different underlying mechanisms and clinical prognosis. • Chronic stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) and depression were compared in a population study. • SED and depression exhibited distinct psychiatric comorbidity patterns. • SED had higher odds ratios (OR) for acute and severe stress reactions, and postviral fatigue than depression. • Both depression and SED had high ORs for ADHD, autistic disorder, and PTSD (OR<3.5). • Depression had higher ORs for ADHD, autistic disorder, and PTSD than SED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is one of the fastest spreading diseases in the 21st century. The aim of the study is twofold: (1) to find differences in personality traits, self-esteem, body-esteem, and imagery between healthy women and women with diabetes; (2) to verify whether there are differences in the analyzed factors among women with diabetes who engage in sports compared to those who do not. We used 3 questionnaires: Imagination in Sport—short form, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and BFIS Personality, which were tested online. We found that women with diabetes were characterized by significantly higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and higher conscientiousness (marginally significant). We also found that women with diabetes who practice sport rated their bodies more highly in terms of sexual attractiveness and made better use of imagined affirmations than women without diabetes who were not active. Our study provides new insights into diabetics in terms of women navigating the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore HR (heart rate) and EDA (electrodermal activity) activity of patients in the initial and final phase of a 12-week psychodynamic psychotherapy process. The physiological data obtained were corelated with psychological variables (questionnaire results of patients). Material and methods: Data from 12 patients with a diagnosis of neurotic disorders and/or personality disorders were analysed. Patients were examined with the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), KON-2006 (Neurotic Personality Questionnaire) and Symptom Checklist "O". Physiological data were collected using a galvanometer and a pulsometer. Results: The results of psychological questionnaires in the final phase of psychotherapy showed a reduction in symptoms in most of the scales compared to the initial questionnaires. Patients' EDA and HR scores decreased in the final phase of psychotherapy compared to the initial phase. Most of scores of personality disorder traits showed a negative correlation with EDA and a positive correlation with HR, neurotic personality traits correlated positively with EDA and negatively with HR. At the end of the psychotherapy process, a positive correlation was observed between personality traits and physiological measures. Discussion: The obtained results suggest that psychotherapy can lower the intensity of the physiological activity of patients. Psychotherapy probably has the potential to change the direction of physiological responses of patients with personality disorder traits. Conclusions: Physiological activity can potentially be used as an objective measure of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. The study should be repeated on a larger group of subjects to confirm the results we obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unexpected and unpredictable earthquakes may have a negative impact on people's mental health. The earthquake fear experienced by individuals causes psychological problems. This article is made up of three different studies that look at earthquake fear. The seven item Earthquake Fear Scale (EFS) was confirmed in Study I (N = 407) utilising confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, Item Response Analysis was done, and it was found that all of the items showed a good degree of discrimination. The reliability of the EFS has been proven with different reliability coefficients. In Study II (N = 505), both correlation and network analysis were carried out, and earthquake fear was found to be significantly associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and mental wellbeing. Moreover, neuroticism and conscientiousness, two of the big five personality traits, are significantly associated with earthquake fear. In Study III (N = 382), it was revealed that psychological distress and harmony in life play a serial and fully mediating role in the link between earthquake fear and mental wellbeing. The psychological influence of earthquake fear is emphasised in this pioneering and comprehensive study on earthquake fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to expand José Bleger’s classic, metapsychological descriptions of the psychoanalytic frame to formulate and emphasize the role of the analyst’s internal frame in establishing a psychoanalytic observational perspective in the analytic situation. The rationale for doing so follows from clinical necessity, especially when working with patients and psychic organizations that are ‘beyond neurosis’ and in non-traditional settings such as distance and telemetric analyses. Clinically speaking, in its most effective state, the analyst’s internal frame can inform the possibility of an observational vertex aimed at the intuitive grasp of psychic reality rather than a sense-based, empirical observation of parameters denoted by the elements of a consensually validatable social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin is at the interface between the organism and the environment, realizing the element of unity that the totality of the organs and systems in the human body has. Through its structure and position on the human body, the skin has a main role in the economy of the whole organism; it also has an aesthetic role. The objective of this study is to assess the embryological origin, anatomical and histological structure of the skin. The skin consists of the epidermis, which is of ectodermal origin, and the dermis, which is of mesodermal origin. The most important functions of the skin are the protection, thermoregulation, control of fluid loss, immunity, and sensory perception. The source of the cutaneous vessels comes directly from arterial sources otherwise, as terminal branches of muscular vessels. Various specialized anatomical structures are placed in the skin to receive different stimuli: free nerve endings, Merkel cells, Meissner corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Krause bulbs, Ruffini corpuscles, proprioceptors for cold and heat. Various post-lesion changes in the skin can affect daily activities in the sense of alienation and isolation from significant people, and in some situations, can lead to job loss, neurotic disorders, and negative social consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem drinking, which may be more prominent among young adults, is associated with mental and physical complications. The onset, use, and abuse of alcohol may be related to personality traits such as agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion. This study aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits and alcohol use among undergraduates in southwest Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out among undergraduates in southwestern Nigeria. Four hundred and twelve (412) students were recruited using multi-stage random sampling from the total full-time student population. Each participant completed Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). The result showed that the lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 31.8% while 10.8% were involved in problem drinking. Also, there was an association between alcohol use, male gender and parental history of psychoactive substance use. Out of the 5 personality traits, the extraversion trait was higher among drinkers (P = 0.001) while agreeableness was significantly lower among drinkers (P = 0.033). Extraversion trait was significantly higher in respondents involved in problem drinking (P < 0.001). The predictors of problem drinking in this study were extraversion trait and male gender. The study suggests there are intervening factors mediating personality traits and problem drinking among undergraduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Neuroticism is associated with a heightened experience of bodily sensations and pain. This suggests that psychosocial factors can affect biological mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether fibromyalgia (FM) is associated with neuroticism and how these factors may be related. Objectives: This study attempted to incorporate recent studies on fibromyalgia and neuroticism to comprehensively explain it. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis based on the PRISMA guidelines (2020), PubMed, Psych INFO, Social Sciences, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for quantitative studies published up to August 31, 2022. Results: Nineteen cross-sectional studies met the meta-analytic inclusion criteria, totaling 7,881 participants. The meta-analysis demonstrated high levels of neuroticism in fibromyalgia patients compared with control groups (Hedges' g = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.54 − 1.02; P < 0.001). This meta-analysis provides evidence of the role of neuroticism as a contributing factor in the development and manifestation of fibromyalgia. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were also conducted to investigate the potential moderators that might have influenced the effect size. The results of the meta-regression and subgroup analyses revealed that the health condition of the control group and the sex of the participants were significant moderators affecting the effect size. Conclusions: The results suggest that neuroticism should be specifically assessed and targeted in fibromyalgia interventions, especially in women. Furthermore, there should be particular emphasis on the mechanisms through which neuroticism may contribute to an increased risk of persistent pain and somatic complaints. As a result, fibromyalgia patients with high neuroticism levels should receive multimodal interventions to address neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article continues a trajectory of studies performed in the last few years regarding the topic of the body in discourse and urban planning design (Bianchetti. in Bodies between space and design, Jovis, Berlin, 2020, Bianchetti. in "Spazi corpi politiche" dialogue with Simona Forti and Paola Viganò, Biennale Democrazia, Turin, 25 March, Teatro Gobetti, 2023a, Bianchetti. in Le mura di Troia. Lo spazio ricompone i corpi. Donzelli, Rome, 2023b). It takes three books as its focus. The authors are: Colin Rowe and Dennis Hardy, Anthony Vidler, and Antoine Picon. I am personally very attached to these three books and believe they can help understand three different forms of the relationship between spaces and bodies. These forms of the relationship, respectively concern: the recomposition of bodies in space; the transfiguration of space that becomes projection of the neuroses and phobias of those who inhabit it; the tension between materiality and disembodiment. Recomposition, transfiguration, and disembodiment are ways in which spaces and bodies relate to each other. They speak of vulnerability, but also of the power of the body-in-space. The underlying question is: to what extent are urban planning policies and designs able to grasp the irreducibility of bodies? To what extent are they able to overcome the dedifferentiation that has created them for so long? Recomposition, transfiguration and disembodiment force us to reposition our attention beyond the ghost of a pure project, in the fallible and teeming kingdom of the relationships between bodies and spaces. The aim of the article is to highlight fragments of a critical discussion on design based on the complex relations between space, life, bodies and designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]