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While working on the taxonomic treatment of the family Gunneraceae for the Flora of Argentina, provisional typification for the minute herbaceous species Gunnera lobata and G. magellanica, and the giant herb G. tinctoria, as well as for some of their synonyms, was detected. Here, we designate lectotypes for G. lobata, G. magellanica, G. falklandica (= G. magellanica), and Panke tinctoria (= G. tinctoria), a neotype for G. reichei (= G. magellanica), and an epitype for G. tinctoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most members of the freshwater leech family Glossiphoniidae have mid-body somites divided into three annuli, the genus Torix Blanchard, 1893 is distinguished by two-annuli somites. Torix has high species richness in Far East Asia, and three nominal species have been recognised in the Japanese Archipelago and adjacent regions that can be distinguished by a combination of both internal and external morphological characteristics. However, recent studies have shown that these diagnostic features are ontogenetically variable and this has resulted in taxonomic confusion among Torix species endemic to the Japanese Archipelago. In this study, we revisit the taxonomic accounts of T. orientalis (Oka, 1925) and T. tagoi (Oka, 1925), in addition to that of the recently redescribed T. tukubana (Oka, 1935) to clarify the diagnostic characteristics for each of the three species. Our morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the three Torix species in Japan are indistinguishable. We therefore conclude that these species should be synonymised and treated as a single species. The specific names orientalis and tagoi were simultaneously established under the genus Oligobdella Moore, 1918, therefore we acted as First Reviser and gave precedence to the name O. tagoi, thus the valid name for the Far East Asian Torix species is T. tagoi unless T. orientalis and T. tagoi are treated as distinct species. There are several type localities for T. tagoi and the name-bearing types have been lost, therefore we designate a neotype for this species to obviate zoological and nomenclatural issues. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E2DBF999-3B51-456F-AB04-A7D138E0AF2D [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claviceps (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) was erected in 1853, although ergotism had been well-known for a much longer time. By 2000, about 70 taxa had been described in Claviceps, of which eight species and six varieties were based on Japanese type or authentic specimens. Most of these Japanese Claviceps taxa are based on lost specimens or have invalid names, which means many species practically exist only in the scientific literature. The ambiguous identities of these species have hindered taxonomic resolution of the genus Claviceps. Consequently, we sought and collected more than 300 fresh specimens in search of the lost Japanese ergots. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences from LSU, TEF-1a, TUB2, Mcm7, and RPB2 revealed the phylogenetic relationships between the Japanese specimens and known Claviceps spp., as well as the presence of biogeographic patterns. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, host range and morphology, we re-evaluated Japanese Claviceps and recognised at least 21 species in Japan. Here we characterised 14 previously described taxa and designated neo-, lecto- and epi-types for C. bothriochloae, C. imperatae, C. litoralis, C. microspora, C. panicoidearum and C. yanagawaensis. Two varieties were elevated to species rank with designated neotypes, i.e. C. agropyri and C. kawatanii. Six new species, C. miscanthicola, C. oplismeni, C. palustris, C. phragmitis, C. sasae and C. tandae were proposed and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex J.F.Cels) J.M.Coult., known under the vernacular name peyote, is one of the most popular and well‐known cactus because of its powerful psychoactive properties. Nonetheless, the authority of its basionym, Echinocactus williamsii Lem. ex J.F.Cels, has erroneously been attributed to Joseph zu Salm‐Reifferscheid‐Dyck and dated from 1845. Herein, we bring to light that the first description was provided by the French horticulturist Jean François Cels in 1842. A historical review of the nomenclature behind this species is provided and the name neotypified. Given that the later isonym by Salm‐Reifferscheid‐Dyck is being proposed for conservation, the implications of our finding are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menthinae, one of the five subtribes of Mentheae (Lamiaceae), with ca. 735 species, is represented in Brazil by a wide range of herbs and shrubs. During an investigation of the taxonomic history of the group for the Flora e Funga do Brasil project, several nomenclatural issues with typifications in the group have been identified. This study attempts to resolve them, making suggestions of new types and re-evaluation of synonyms. Thirteen lectotypifications and one neotypification are being proposed, along with the recognition of Thymus selloi Spreng. ex J.A.Schmidt as a nomen nudum. Most of the suggested changes are due to the loss of many of Sellow's types at B during WWII, lack of specific herbaria references and collector numbers in the protologues, or to existence of designated syntypes in the referred collections. Our study is a contribution to the nomenclatural and taxonomic knowledge of Menthinae, providing a stable foundation for future study of its taxonomy, biogeography, and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common minnow species Cyprinus chrysoprasius, previously synonymised to Phoxinus phoxinus, was originally described from the Crimean Peninsula (Black Sea – Sea of Azov basin). A genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase 1 in the context of a phylogenetic study of European Phoxinus showed that it represents a distinct genetic clade and potentially a valid species. In the present study, we approach the issue following a broader, both genetic and morphological, study in order to check and support the validity of native Crimean Phoxinus under the earliest available name of the species: P. chrysoprasius. Our data demonstrate a reliable genetic distance of this minnow from geographically neighbouring clades and species, and a certain morphological distinctiveness. In order to determine the taxonomic concept of P. chrysoprasius, as a species involved in a genetically well-differentiated, but phenotypically poorly structured complex of east-European Phoxinus, a neotype for the species, based on topotypical material, is herein described and designated. The original type locality of the species is also clarified.

A study of the names used for the hybrids described between Verbascum chaixii (subsp. chaixii, subsp. austriacum) and V. lanatum is presented. On the basis of the historical background of these names and the examination of specimens, the neotypification of Borbas’ V. semilanatum (V. chaixii subsp. austriacum × V. lanatum) is proposed on a specimen preserved at GB. A new nothospecies (V. tommasinianum Sutory) is proposed for the hybrid between V. chaixii subsp. chaixii and V. lanatum (holotype at BRNM, isotypes at WU and COI).

As part of the revision for South American species of Randia, the identity of two Amazonian species is discussed. Basanacantha inermis, described from Amazonia and known only from the type material, is here recognized as part of Randia's circumscription. The epithet inermis is blocked by an earlier name (Randia inermis Sessé & Moc.), thus the new name R. adolphoduckei is provided here. Basanacantha wittii, also recognized until now only by its original material, is here considered as a new synonym of R. hondensis. A lectotype is chosen for B. inermis and a neotype for R. hondensis. Here, it is presented complete descriptions to Randia adolphoduckei and R. hondensis, including comments concerning its biology and distribution. Additionally, we also provide an illustration to R. adolphoduckei, detailing its mains aspects. A key to distinguish Amazonian species is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Among Oligohymenophorea (Ciliophora, Alveolata) the subclass Peniculia stands as one of the most well-known groups. Frontonia is the largest genus of Peniculia, and its representatives are spread in any type of water bodies as well as in soil. At a first glance, Frontonia species exhibit an overall similar morphology, and form a well-recognizable taxon of ciliates. Despite the general morphological homogeneity, the phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequencing showed that Frontonia is a non-monophyletic group. The systematics of this genus should be deeply reviewed, although additional issues complicate the task solving. First, type species of the genus is not yet clearly established, and no type material is available. In this context, the situation of F. vernalis, one of the first Frontonia ever described, is somehow puzzled: the description of this ciliate made by Ehrenberg (in 1833 and 1838) contains several inaccuracies and subsequent misidentifications by other authors occurred. Moreover, the 18S rDNA sequence of a putative F. vernalis is available on GenBank, but no morphological description of the correspondent specimens is provided; thus, in our opinion, it should be only prudently associated with F. vernalis or at least indicated as “F. vernalis”. Results In the present work, we provide the neotypification of F. vernalis newly found in Italy, presenting its multidisciplinary description and its neotype material. Similarly, we describe a novel species bearing Chlorella-like endosymbionts, Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov., retrieved in two far distant locations (Italy, Russia). A critical discussion on the status of Frontonia taxonomy and phylogeny is also presented, based on the 18S rDNA sequencing of both these two newly collected species and other 14 frontoniids isolated in different parts of the world. Finally, in the present study F. leucas was neotypified and proposed as the type species of the genus. Conclusions Green frontoniids form a monophyletic clade of freshwater organisms characterized by having a single contractile vacuole and bearing intracytoplasmatic Chlorella-like symbionts. With the neotypification of F. vernalis and F. leucas a fundamental step in Frontonia systematics was taken, and the bases for further taxonomic studies were laid.

All the known generic synonyms of Camellia are summarized with their types clarified. Camelliastrum and Desmitus are lectotypified and Salceda is neotypified. "Kailosocarpus" and "Parapiquetia" were not validly published, Theaphylla and Tsia are illegitimate replacement names for Thea, and Kemelia and Tsubaki are illegitimate replacement names for Camellia. Nomenclatural notes on Theopsis and its type are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae) is predominantly Neotropical with ca. 400 species, most diverse in the Cerrado domain, the Brazilian savanna. Mato Grosso state, located in the core of the Cerrado, owns a remarkable richness in the subtribe with 71 species recognized. Robert Pilger, who accompanied Hermann Meyer on an expedition to the state in 1898, collected about 700 angiosperm specimens that were mostly deposited in the Berlin Herbarium and many subsequently destroyed during the 2nd World War, with few if any duplicates surviving. Five species of Hyptidinae were described by Pilger based on these materials from Mato Grosso, subsequently were lectotypified by Epling, and later destroyed. They are: Hyptis helophila Pilg. (= H. petiolaris Pohl ex Benth.), H. indivisa Pilg. (= Cantinoa indivisa (Pilg.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore), H. lasiocalyx Pilg. (= Cyanocephalus desertorum (Pilg.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore), H. loeseneriana Pilg. and H. mattogrossensis Pilg. (= Hypenia macrosiphon (Briq.) Harley). To fix the application of these names, neotypes are here designated. Notes are also provided on the habitats and distribution of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new genus Aramazdospirifer n. gen. (Cyrtospiriferidae) is erected to include Spirifer orbelianus Abich, 1858 from the lower Famennian of Central Armenia as its type species and to refute long-standing claims related to the affinities of the latter. The micro-ornament and internal structure of this species are investigated and documented for the first time, on the basis of recently collected material from the Ertych horizon of three different sections. Additionally, a neotype is selected for Abich's species as the type material is lost. Aramazdospirifer orbelianus (Abich, 1858) n. comb. is a biostratigraphically important species for the lower Famennian strata of the Lesser Caucasus. It appears to be restricted to the South-Armenian Block; reports outside this Gondwanan area are discussed and discarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Types and the corresponding rules in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature are crucial for taxonomy and are meant to provide nomenclatural stability. In the case of neotypification, especially diligent taxonomic work is required to retain continuity. In the present communication, we first outline the main principles of typification and neotypification. We then discuss a critical case, using a current example from the marine planktonic tintinnid genus Tintinnopsis Stein, 1867 (Alveolata, Ciliophora). This diverse and ubiquitous genus is nonmonophyletic, but its revision and the erection of new related genera is currently prevented by the uncertain affiliation of its type species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Botanica Serbica is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany & Botanical Garden Jevremovac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes more than 60 phylogenetic species (phylospecies) with both phytopathological and clinical importance. Because of their economical relevance, a stable taxonomy and nomenclature is crucial for species in the FFSC. To attain this goal, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several species by employing morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), beta-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2). Based on these results three new species were delimited in the FFSC. Two of these phylospecies clustered within the African clade, and one in the American clade. Epitypes were also designated for six previously described FFSC species including F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and a neotype designated for F. subglutinans. Furthermore, both F. acutatum and F. ophioides, which were previously invalidly published, are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Based on a specimen collected in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, the new species Oxypetalum kassneri is described and illustrated. Moreover, a molecular phylogenetic analysis allows to propose the revalidation of O. megapotamicum, a species currently placed in the genus Ditassa. The neotype of D. megapotamica and the lectotype of D. oxypetala are designated here.

Background: Among Oligohymenophorea (Ciliophora, Alveolata) the subclass Peniculia stands as one of the most well-known groups. Frontonia is the largest genus of Peniculia, and its representatives are spread in any type of water bodies as well as in soil. At a first glance, Frontonia species exhibit an overall similar morphology, and form a well-recognizable taxon of ciliates. Despite the general morphological homogeneity, the phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequencing showed that Frontonia is a non-monophyletic group. The systematics of this genus should be deeply reviewed, although additional issues complicate the task solving. First, type species of the genus is not yet clearly established, and no type material is available. In this context, the situation of F. vernalis, one of the first Frontonia ever described, is somehow puzzled: the description of this ciliate made by Ehrenberg (in 1833 and 1838) contains several inaccuracies and subsequent misidentifications by other authors occurred. Moreover, the 18S rDNA sequence of a putative F. vernalis is available on GenBank, but no morphological description of the correspondent specimens is provided; thus, in our opinion, it should be only prudently associated with F. vernalis or at least indicated as "F. vernalis". Results: In the present work, we provide the neotypification of F. vernalis newly found in Italy, presenting its multidisciplinary description and its neotype material. Similarly, we describe a novel species bearing Chlorella-like endosymbionts, Frontonia paravernalis sp. nov., retrieved in two far distant locations (Italy, Russia). A critical discussion on the status of Frontonia taxonomy and phylogeny is also presented, based on the 18S rDNA sequencing of both these two newly collected species and other 14 frontoniids isolated in different parts of the world. Finally, in the present study F. leucas was neotypified and proposed as the type species of the genus. Conclusions: Green frontoniids form a monophyletic clade of freshwater organisms characterized by having a single contractile vacuole and bearing intracytoplasmatic Chlorella-like symbionts. With the neotypification of F. vernalis and F. leucas a fundamental step in Frontonia systematics was taken, and the bases for further taxonomic studies were laid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernseea is an endemic Atlantic rainforest genus of Bromeliaceae comprising only two species: the endangered Fernseea itatiaiae and the critically endangered Fernseea bocainensis. A taxonomic overview of Fernseea is provided, including complete morphological and leaf anatomy descriptions of its taxa and comments on their taxonomy, biogeography, and conservation status, along with a key to facilitate the identification of the two species of Fernseea. A neotype for F. itatiaiae is designated, and a new form, F. bocainensisformabrevifolia, which cooccurs with the typical form, is described based on its distinctive vegetative morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rodriguésia is the property of Revista Rodriguesia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1848, the grayling Thymallus aeliani (Valenciennes) was described from Lake Maggiore, Italy, in the north Adriatic basin. Genetic analyses of the mitochondrial control region showed a unique evolutionary history of grayling inhabiting the rivers of northern Adriatic basin, from the upper reaches of the Po River and its left tributaries in the west to the Soča River in the east, which resulted in the designation of this phylogenetic lineage as Adriatic grayling. Consequently, the name T. aeliani was connected to the Adriatic lineage, re-establishing the validity of this taxon. However, the mitochondrial haplotypes belonging to Adriatic grayling were never compared with the type specimens of T. aeliani, as their whereabouts were unknown. In this study, a neotype for T. aeliani was designated using topotypical specimens stored at the Natural History Museum in Vienna. The neotype (NMW 68027:2 labelled as "Lago Maggiore, Bellotti, 1880") was designated pursuant to the conditions stipulated in Article 75.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Furthermore, the mitochondrial control region of the neotype was compared to haplotypes of the Adriatic lineage and showed high genetic similarity, which therefore connects the species name T. aeliani to the Adriatic grayling. This crucial step in fixing nomenclatural status of this species is very important for its protection and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The name Arctotis radicans was published by Linnaeus in Mantissa plantarum altera. No original material has been traced, and Linnaeus's intended application of the name is unclear. Arctotis radicans was synonymized with the earlier name A. angustifolia in early post‐Linnaean taxonomic works and since the mid‐19th century has been overlooked in taxonomic treatments of Arctotis. A specimen in LINN that best conforms with the diagnosis for A. radicans is selected as the neotype for A. radicans. Based on the identity of the neotype, A. radicans is placed in the synonymy of A. stoechadifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An updated taxonomic and nomenclatural framework is essential to develop most biological research. To stabilize the application of Hypericum names and avoid future problems, we critically reviewed the protologues, the main Floras in which the studied names are listed, and the types of 84 names described for non‐Andean South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay). Application of the term holotype is corrected to lectotype for 18 names, and type is corrected to lectotype for six names ("inadvertent lectotypifications"). For H. nudicaule the term type is corrected to neotype, for H. paraguense the term lectotype is corrected to neotype, and for H. polyanthemum the term isotype is corrected to neotype ("inadvertent neotypifications"). For 24 names, lectotypifications are provided, including one re‐lectotypification (H. brasiliense var. angustifolium) and 19 second‐step lectotypifications. Neotypes are designated for four names (H. cyathifolium, H. lorentzianum, H. meridionale, H. sellowianum). Five new synonyms are proposed (H. campestre subsp. pauciflorum, H. campestre subsp. tenue, H. rigidum subsp. bracteatum, H. rigidum subsp. meridionale, H. rigidum subsp. sellowianum), and two superfluous names are detected for the first time (H. bolivianum, H. connatum var. obscurum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nomenclature of neotropical Manettia reclinata L., type of the genus Manettia Mutis, is reviewed. Without access to a specimen or illustration, Linnaeus compiled the descriptions of the genus and species entirely from correspondence received from Mutis in present‐day Colombia; thus, no original material exists, and application of the name can only be fixed by neotypification. An earlier attempt to neotypify this name on a Brazilian collection was not effectively published. Therefore, an image of this taxon prepared during the Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada under the direction of Mutis is more appropriately designated as neotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carex elata All. is a well‐known species widely distributed in western Eurasia. The name C. elata All. is the oldest name applied to the species of concern, but it was abandoned for C. stricta Gooden soon after publication. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, different authors dismissed C. stricta Gooden. as a later homonym of C. stricta Lam. and simultaneously resurrected C. elata All. We discuss usage of the name C. elata and propose a neotype to fix its current application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the family Plagiopylidae comprises four genera: Plagiopyla, Lechriopyla, Pseudoplagiopyla and Paraplagiopyla. Despite its cosmopolitan distribution, only a few species currently comprise the genus Plagiopyla, and their data are often incomplete, whereas the other genera are monotypic. Indeed, these anaerobic ciliates are a somewhat challenging issue for protistologists: they have a cryptic lifestyle, they are not easily cultivable and they possess few and cryptic taxonomic features, which makes it extremely difficult to identify them at species level. In the present paper we provide a revision of the family Plagiopylidae based on morphological and molecular analyses, together with the description of two novel species of Plagiopyla, P. ramani sp. nov. and P. narasimhamurtii sp. nov. and a redescription of P. nasuta, all collected from the freshwater Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh, India). We applied an integrative taxonomic approach to characterize these organisms, while introducing the description of novel morphological features not recorded in previous works. After critically revising the family Plagiopylidae, we propose the exclusion of the genus Paraplagiopyla from this family and that the genus Lechriopyla should be considered a junior synonym of Plagiopyla. We consequently propose L. mystax as Plagiopyla mystax comb. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pandanus odorifer (Pandanaceae) is an economically important species distributed on coasts from India and Sri Lanka to South China through tropical Asian countries. Pandanus odoratissimus has been widely used as the accepted name for the species, but P. odoratissimus is in reality a superfluous and illegitimate name. No original material of P. odorifer has been traced, and a neotype is designated here for that name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and discusses nomenclatural novelties concerning names of Atlantic Forest species of Anthurium Schott sect. Urospadix Engl. in subsection Obscureviridia Engl. Nine lectotypifications, four neotypifications, one correction of authorship, and one clarification of a type are presented and discussed, and four designations are noted not to have been validly published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses typification of species and infraspecific taxa in the genus Urospatha Schott. Thirteen lectotypifications, one neotypification, and corrections for two type localities are presented and discussed. Additionally, U. friedrichsthaliana Schott (a probable synonym of Sagittaria latifolia Willd.) is lectotypified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dichondra is a genus of creeping and sprawling herbs with reniform leaves, entire leaf margins and inconspicuous flowers. It is included in the tribe Dichondreae (Convolvulaceae). Dichondra is a taxonomically complex genus with multiple unsolved nomenclatural problems. We propose lectotypes for Dichondra argentea, D. parvifolia, D. macrocalyx and D. sericea and a neotype for Demidofia repens, the basionym of Dichondra carolinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic treatment for the 17 species of Elaphoglossum sect. Setosa found in Brazil is presented. The species of this section are recognized by the presence of subulate scales and hydathodes on adult leaves, or if hydathodes apparently absent, the leaves less than 10 cm long and spathulate. Several species are also characterized by the presence of minute glandular hairs on petioles and laminae. In Brazil, the group is most diverse in the mountains of southeastern Brazil, where the species grow in a variety of habitats, from deeply shaded riverbeds to partially sunny road banks. Elaphoglossum boragineum, E. brachyneuron, E. eximium and E. hieracioides are first records for the country, some of these known from only one or two collections made on mountains in northern Brazil. Additionally, misapplied names that have long been used in the literature and herbarium specimens, such as E. aubertii, E. jamesonii, E. plumieri, E. spatulatum, and E villosum are here excluded from the Brazilian flora. We provide identification keys, descriptions, synonyms, comments, line drawings, spore images, distribution maps, and an index of herbarium vouchers to all species accepted in this treatment. Lectotypes are designated for Acrostichum alpestre, A. boragineum, and A. tenellum. A neotype is designated for A. horridulum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nomenclatural study concerning the annual mallows (Lavatera sect. Lavatera) is presented here. The names Lavatera africana, L. biennis, L. grandiflora, L. moschata by Miergues, L. punctata, L. punctata var. maroccana, L. rosea, L. trimestris var. brachypoda, L. trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata, Olbia deflexa, and Stegia lavatera are investigated. Lavatera grandiflora, L. rosea, L. moschata by Miergues, Olbia deflexa, and Stegia lavatera are illegitimate names according to Arts. 52.1, 52.2 or 53.1 of the ICN. The other names are valid and legitimate and are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved in the herbaria BM, LE, MAF, MPU, P, and TO. Three species belonging to Lavatera sect. Lavatera are accepted: L. trimestris s.lat., L. maroccana, and L. punctata (= Olbia deflexa, nom. superfl. et illeg. = L. biennis). Three varieties are here recognized for L. trimestris: var. trimestris (#8801; Malva rosea, nom. superfl. et illeg. Lavatera grandiflora, nom. superfl. et illeg. Stegia lavatera, nom. superfl. et illeg. = L. africana = L. trimestris var. trimestris f. colorata), var. brachypoda, and var. moschata (a new combination). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iris florentina is a species of Iris with white flowers belonging to the bearded group (subg. Iris, sect. Iris). In ancient times it was cultivated around Florence (Italy) and in other parts of southern Europe and was validly described by Linnaeus in 1759. However, this early name has been used since by many authors to indicate a number of different entities of whiteflowered irises that do not always match the Linnaean description. This has resulted in a certain taxonomic confusion that is here reconstructed and illustrated. The results of our investigations show that I. florentina should be re-evaluated at the species level and not considered an albino variety of I. germanica. A neotype is here proposed. This study also shows that the name I. albicans must be considered a later synonym for I. florentina, while I. alba describes a different white-flowered Iris related to I. germanica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lectotypifications, neotypifications, epitypifications, and nomenclatural corrections are provided for fifty-eight Asian Vitaceae names (excluding those belonging to Tetrastigma) for the forthcoming floristic account in the Flora of Thailand. A total of fifty-four lectotypes, three neotypes, and one epitype are designated here and two nomenclatural clarifications and corrections are also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extinction of biodiversity due to human activities is a severe global problem. In Europe, however, only a few plant species died out so far. We investigated a dubious, disregarded taxon- Saxifraga oppositifolia subsp. amphibia-which became extinct in the 1960s. It exclusively occurred in a specific niche, namely in seasonally flooded waterside bank vegetation around Lake Constance in Germany and Switzerland. It has either been interpreted as a glacial relict or as a recent dealpine taxon. Using herbarium material, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and cpDNA sequence variation. The taxon shared a chloroplast haplotype of S. oppositifolia, which is mainly distributed in the Alps, favouring the dealpine hypothesis. Nuclear data revealed several paralogous copies nested inside S. oppositifolia, most of which, however, differed from other S. oppositifolia accessions including those from the vicinity of Lake Constance. The oldest mean stem node ages of these ITS copies date between 0.91 and 0.28 my. Contradicting cpDNA, this may indicate that this saxifrage was a distinct taxon and possibly a relict originating in Middle Pleistocene glaciations. If so, the present study exemplifies that arctic-alpine plants survived in specific niches at low altitudes during interglacials and that corresponding taxa with a limited distribution are especially prone to extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomy of the Ceriporia purpurea group is revised based on morphological and DNA data. Neotype is selected to settle current species concept of C. purpurea s.str. Ceriporia bresadolae is reinstated as a good species, and four new species from subtropical and temperate forests of Europe ( C. torpida, C. triumphalis) and North America ( C. manzanitae, C. occidentalis) are described. In addition, diagnostic features of other redcolored Ceriporia species are discussed, including C. punicans, spec. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An account of species of the genera Aptosimum and Peliostomum occurring in Namibia is presented, together with an updated key for all accepted species of these genera. The sinking of Peliostomum in Aptosimum is discussed and rejected. A new species from Namibia, Aptosimum radiatum, is described. Species descriptions, global and Namibian distributions, conservation status, habitat and phenological information are presented for the 16 Aptosimum and three Peliostomum species recognised from Namibia. The type for Peliostomum is designated. Arguments are presented for the choice of one neotype for an accepted species, as well as 29 lectotypes: 15 for names of accepted species, 14 for synonyms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomic status of Didymodon austroalpigenus (Müll.Hal.) Broth., a species described as Trichostomum austroalpigenum Müll.Hal. from subantarctic Îles Kerguelen, is discussed. Because the original collection of this species was destroyed, its name is neotypified with a specimen from this archipelago and the species is considered to be conspecific with Bryoerythrophyllum rubrum (Jur. ex Geh.) P.C.Chen. The distribution of this species is briefly reviewed and the present discovery firmly establishes B. rubrum as a bipolar species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domingo Bello y Espinosa (1817–1884) was an attorney and naturalist from the Canary Islands who lived in Mayagüez (Puerto Rico) between 1848 and 1878. He is the author of a two–part publication dated 1881 and 1883, which represents one of the first contributions on plant taxonomy made by an island resident. These studies include a total of 88 new taxa. Eighty–four of them are new taxonomic descriptions (3 genera, 59 species, 22 varieties) and 4 of them are new combinations. Eight of these species are still accepted either as published originally by Bello (3 species) or as basionyms of subsequent taxonomic combinations (5 names). Stahlia Bello is also currently accepted. Twelve of Bello's names are not legitimate (11 species, 1 variety). Bello did not leave a herbarium and published illustrations for only 3 of the new species that he described. Therefore, Bello's names need to be interpreted on the basis of his descriptions and indirect accounts primarily provided by Ignatz Urban. This German botanist had access to illustrations (made by Leopold Krug) and plant collections (from Krug and Agustín Stahl) that were originally identified with Bello's names. Here we assign neotypes for 42 of the 59 species described by Bello. The remaining 17 species not typified include 3 names typified in previous works, 9 illegitimate names, 3 names that we could not assign to any infrageneric taxon, and 2 names that are both illegitimate and can not be interpreted taxonomically. In addition, we lectotypify Caesalpinia monosperma (synonym of Stahlia maritima). We present a summary of the life of Domingo Bello that includes new data from archival research in the Canary Islands and Puerto Rico, as well as the only known portrait of him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent (2011) attempt to change the previously designated type of the name of a duckweed species is discussed. Lemna punctata was first applied by Meyer in 1818 to a plant collected from South America, but original specimens have not been located. A prior neotype designation associated this name with a species native to parts of Asia, Australia and the Pacific, and widely introduced elsewhere, including South America. The species is generally treated by taxonomists in the genus Spirodela (either as S. punctata or the synonym S. oligorrhiza) or, more recently, as the sole member of the new (1999) genus Landoltia (as L. punctata). If accepted, this 2011 attempt to re-neotypify L. punctata would disrupt the names of two duckweed species as well as that of Landoltia. Nomenclatural arguments against accepting this new typification are provided, thereby supporting the continued usage of Landoltia in the sense intended by its original authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hechtia lanata L.B.Sm., a species known only from the southeastern region of Oaxaca, Mexico is neotypifi ed and a complete and updated description is presented. Photographs of the species characteristics and habitat are also included.

Past typifications of the 27 generic names allied to Salix (Salicaceae) published by Rafinesque in 1817 and 1838 are reconsidered in light of the current rules of nomenclature. A lectotype is proposed here for Diplima. Some generic names previously designated as lectotypes are here corrected to neotypes: Diplopia, Disynia, Oisodix, Opodix, Vetrix, and Vimen. Full bibliographic citations are given for each of Rafinesque's new names or combinations. Amerina balduiniana is lectotypified with a Baldwin specimen (PH) from Florida, and Vetrix linearifolia, a name that predates S. interior (1900), is lectotypified with a Nuttall collection (PH). However, a new combination in Salix is prohibited by the existence of S. linearifolia Rydb. (1901). To assure this, a step-two lectotypification is proposed for S. linearifolia. Oisodix fulva has been proposed for rejection. A John Bradbury collection, the type of Amerina missurica, has not been located, but if it proves to be a collection of S. amygdaloides Andersson as suggested recently by a monographer, the Rafinesque epithet would have priority. The use of Pleiarina (1838), a recently adopted segregate genus, as presently circumscribed is not correct, as Opodix (1817) has priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]