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Background: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a common treatment modality for correcting vertical or bony defects in furcations. Multiple materials are used in GTR with allografts and xenografts being the most widely used. Each material has distinctive properties affecting the regenerative potential. A new bone graft combination of xenogeneic/allogeneic may improve the outcome of GTR by providing space maintenance (Xenograft) and osteoinductive potential (Allograft). The aim of this case report is to evaluate the efficacy of the new combined xenogeneic/allogeneic material based on clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods: A 34‐year‐old healthy male presented with vertical bone loss interproximally between #'s 9 and 10. Clinical exam revealed 8 mm probing depth without mobility. The radiographic exam revealed a wide and deep vertical bony defect of 30%–50% bone loss. The defect was treated using a layering technique with xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft and collagen membrane. Results: The 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups revealed a significant reduction in probing depths and radiographic bone fill. Conclusions: GTR using a layering technique of xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft and collagen membrane showed proper correction of a deep and wide vertical bony defect. The 12‐month follow‐up revealed healthy periodontium with normal probing depths and bone level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As teachers progress in life and career, generation gaps may begin to appear that decrease not only the effectiveness of interaction with students but also the ability to produce generationally relevant course content. Situated in a framework of socioculturalism (Vygotsky 1978), this article presents The STORRI Method--a strategy for exploring and integrating youth culture into the classroom. STORRI is an acronym for the six iterative steps of the method: "survey," "talk," "observe," "research," "reflect," and "integrate." Each step of The STORRI Method is discussed with numerous corresponding examples, and best practices are offered for use in the classroom setting. A case narrative is also provided to demonstrate The STORRI Method's use in a high school level U.S. government course.

Introduction: Alveolar bone deficiency is a common postextraction sequela that adversely affects implant placement. Therefore, ridge augmentation is often required to obtain proper bone quantity and quality for restoratively driven implant placement. This case series describes the successful horizontal and vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using custom‐fabricated allogeneic block bone grafts. Case Series: Two healthy partially edentulous patients presented to private practice seeking dental implant treatment. Initial clinical examination and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographic analysis showed moderate to large horizontal ridge defects. Treatment options were discussed for alveolar ridge augmentation and the patients elected to undergo the custom allogeneic block graft procedure to regenerate the atrophied alveolar ridges. The CBCT scan in conjunction with computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology was used to fabricate customized allogeneic block grafts based on alveolar ridge topography. The custom allogeneic block graft allowed less surgical time and decreased postoperative morbidity. The grafted area was allowed 6 months of healing time. Follow‐up radiographs showed the stability of the graft followed by dental implant placement. The dental implants were functionally loaded, and successful implant esthetics and function achieved. Conclusion: Custom allogeneic block grafts could provide a promising innovative method for optimal ridge augmentation. Why are these cases new information?Less invasive procedure as an alternative conventional two‐stage block augmentation.More predictable outcome due to customized block graft. What are the keys to successful management of these cases?It is important determining the type of bone defect.Vertical and horizontal bone loss.Primary closure. What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?Limited data from prospective clinical trials documenting the effectiveness of custom allogeneic block grafts.Limited data are available to confirm accuracy of the CAD/CAM process.Passive flap closure is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immediate implant placement (IIP) into fresh extraction socket is a favorable treatment option. If successfully managed, it reduces the overall treatment time, and increases patient's satisfaction. Surgical and restorative factors affect IIP success rates. In this systematic review we evaluate the effect of guided bone regeneration (GBR) at the time of IIP on crestal bone level (CBL) changes after at least 12-months of functional loading.Methods: Reviewers conducted an independent search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library from 1966 to January 2017 following the inclusion criteria. A hand search of bibliographies of reviews and clinical trials related to IIP was also performed. This study looked into CBL changes around IIP primarily and further extracted the data to conduct three meta-analysis of "IIP using GBR versus IIP without GBR", "IIP using bone graft alone versus IIP using bone graft with membrane" and "IIP using GBR versus conventional implant placement" which were further subdivided to provide more detailed information for each. Four reviewers independently assessed the study data and methodologic quality using data extraction and assessment forms.Results: The electronic search identified 714 potential studies and the hand search retrieved 55 studies. Crestal bone level (CBL) changes were determined in three meta-analyses. The results revealed a mean difference in CBL changes of 0.175 ± 0.180 mm  in favor of IIP without GBR when compared with implant with GBR. However, IIP with bone graft and membrane showed better results when compared with IIP with bone graft alone [CBL changes of 0.532 ± 0.572 mm]. CBL preservation was noted in IIP with GBR versus conventional implant placement [CBL changes of - 0.001 ± 0.049 mm].Conclusions: Meta-analyses showed minimal difference in CBL around IIP with bone graft versus without bone graft and with IIP with GBR compared with conventional implant placement. However, IIP with bone graft and membrane reported better CBL preservation compared with IIP with bone graft alone. Nonetheless, these results should be interpreted with caution because of moderate heterogeneity between studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dermatomyositis is an uncommon inflammatory disease marked by muscle and joint weakness with skin rash. Dermatomyositis affects adults and children, with higher prevalence for females aged 40 to 60 years. Most common oral lesions include mucosal edema, erythema, and telangiectasia. Case Presentation: A 51‐year‐old white female with an unremarkable medical history presented for periodontal evaluation in 2010. She reported a 6‐month history of gingival inflammation and skin irritation on her hands and a rash on the center of her chest and forehead. Other complaints included fatigue, hot flashes, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Periodontal examination revealed generalized acute marginal erythema, with localized slight incipient bone loss. Oral hygiene was deemed good to fair. Oral hygiene instructions were reviewed and a prescription for chlorhexidine gluconate was given. The patient was then referred to an allergist and dermatologist where a diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made. After the initial diagnosis, localized scaling and root planing was performed using local anesthetic. The patient was managed medically using prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate and a 3‐month periodontal maintenance recall interval. The patient remained stable over an 8‐year period. Conclusions: Dermatomyositis is an uncommon inflammatory disease that requires medical and dental teams for proper diagnosis and management. Although the condition is chronic in nature with no definitive cure, signs, and symptoms can be managed with steroids and immunosuppressants to delay progression of the disease and improve quality of life for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is one of the most commonly used substances for medical and recreational purposes globally. With the trend of global legalization of medical use of cannabis and even the recreational use, the prevalence of recreational use of cannabis has increased markedly over the past few years. Correspondingly, the potential health concerns related to cannabis consumption have also increased. Therefore, it is necessary for oral healthcare providers to understand the effects of cannabis use on oral health. This review briefly summarizes the components of cannabis, biologic activities on tissues, and mechanisms of action in human cells and tissues. Oral tissue expression of cannabinoid receptors and the potential association of cannabis to oral diseases are also examined. The goals of this review are to (1) elaborate the basic biology and physiology of cannabis in human oral tissues, and (2) provide a better understanding the effects of its use and abuse on oral health. Due to insufficient information, more well‐designed studies should be conducted. It is urgent to include cannabis usage into dental patient health records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case studies require students to extend course content beyond theory into the realm of application. Despite popular use of case studies, recent criticisms bring to light their failure to sometimes engage students, spark excitement, incite deeper inquiry, and truly embrace the dubiety of management decisions due to their outdated nature. We propose the use of shorter cases utilizing popular press articles (i.e., real-time business issues) to stimulate more meaningful relevance and engagement, as such cases are relevant to not only the prevailing business environment but also the emerging topics that currently interest undergraduate students. A framework for integration is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Excessive gingival display (EGD) is an esthetic concern for patients with a gummy smile. With the increase in the esthetic expectations of patients, EGD could have an adverse emotional and psychosocial impact. The extent and etiology of gingival display dictate which treatment is indicated. For patients with EGD and a short or hypermobile upper lip, surgical lip repositioning (LRP) is a viable treatment alternative to other more invasive procedures such as orthognathic surgery. The procedure was first introduced in 1973 and resulted in reduced morbidity compared with orthognathic surgery while resulting in predictable improvement. LRP reduces gingival display by restricting the pull of elevator lip muscles and shortening the vestibule, thereby decreasing the range of motion of the lips and decreasing the amount of gingival display. Case Presentation: The current report evaluates the esthetic results of LRP surgery on identical 27‐year‐old twin sisters exhibiting severe vertical maxillary excess (VME) and hypermobile upper lip. Both patients were given the option of orthognathic surgery to correct their VME or LRP to reduce their gummy smile and improve esthetics. Both elected LRP to address their gummy smile and avoid higher morbidity and costs associated with orthognathic surgery. Conclusion: Both patients achieved acceptable esthetic results that were stable at 12 and 24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peri‐implant infections can occur any time postloading. Although management of peri‐implant infections has been described extensively in the literature, no consensus exists on the best approach to its treatment. Infections and bone loss can also occur around implants prior to loading, leading to early implant loss. Little has been reported on the management of peri‐implant infections occurring prior to loading. This report describes the identification as well as the surgical and restorative management of infection and bone loss around a preloaded dental implant. Case Presentation: A 52‐year‐old systemically healthy, non‐smoking white female had severe inflammation with bleeding on probing and bone loss around implant #28 (Universal Numbering System) 7 weeks after placement and augmentation with autogenous and deproteinized bovine bone and a resorbable collagen membrane (RCM). Surgical exposure revealed a deep bony crater around the entire implant. The implant was cleaned for 4 to 5 minutes with a tetracycline and saline slurry. Guided bone regeneration was performed with demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft and an RCM. Azithromycin, ibuprofen 800 mg three times daily, and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate rinse were given post‐surgery. Postoperative healing was uneventful. Nearly complete bone fill was noted at 1 year of observation when implants were permanently restored. A combination of screw‐ and cement‐retained restorations were placed. Tissues remained healthy 5.5 years postloading with maximum 3‐mm probing depth and no changes in bone levels. Conclusions: This case shows that it is possible to arrest early peri‐implant infection, regenerate bone, and maintain health over 5.5 years postloading. Early detection and multidisciplinary care resulted in long‐term success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of technology and greater use of virtual teams, organizations have increasingly begun to use ementoring for socializing, training, and developing individual employees via technology. Despite the growing importance of e-mentoring, relatively little research has examined its process or effectiveness. Therefore, we: 1) provide a framework for understanding the e-mentoring process, 2) review the e-mentoring literature, and 3) present hypotheses to generate additional research on e-mentoring. As technology develops, the use of e-mentoring and, thus, the need to better understand it will grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the effects of Arizona's HB 2281 and Tucson Unified School District's purging of its Mexican American Studies program on the utilization of Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed in the public K-12 classroom. As the use of the text becomes more controversial, educators who wish to teach Freirean principles must choose between assigning the text to their students, at the risk of career ending consequences, or seeking out a substitute text that embodies Freire's philosophies. It is suggested that a text popular within current youth culture be assigned in order to help students make personal connections with the content. The Hunger Games is presented as an appropriate alternative text due to having themes parallel to those presented in Freire's text. The responsibility of teachers to help students integrate Freirean principles into their everyday lives is also discussed. Since 1968, the teachings of Brazilian scholar Paulo Freire have influenced political and educational reform by encouraging readers to view the world through a lens of critical consciousness. Influential worldwide, Freire's landmark text Pedagogy of the Oppressed has been translated into many languages from its original Portuguese including English, German, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Japanese, and French (Zavada, n.d.). This seminal work, along with his other publications, has placed Freire in a category with the likes of John Dewey as one of the most influential educational scholars of all time (Gottesman, 2010). While some critics of Freire suggest that his ideals are over simplified reflections of reality (Blackburn 2000), others such as Giroux (1979) contend that Freire, despite his lack of scholarly refinement, has laid the theoretical foundations of liberating education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Predictable regeneration of lost periodontal tissues in furcations is difficult to achieve. This paper investigates the efficacy of different treatment modalities for Class II molar furcations. Methods: Publications in English were searched using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases combined with hand searching from January 1, 1966 to October 1, 2007. The search included randomized controlled human trials in molar Class II furcations with over 6 months of surgical reentry follow-up. Changes in vertical probing depths, vertical attachment levels, and vertical and horizontal bone levels were compared. Results: The search identified 801 articles of which 34 of 108 randomized clinical trials met the criteria. Thirteen trials had test and control arms allowing three meta-analyses: 1) five comparing non-resorbable versus resorbable membranes, 2) five comparing non-resorbable membranes versus open flap debridement and 3) three comparing resorbable membranes versus open flap debridement. There was significant improvement for resorbable versus non-resorbable membranes mainly in vertical bone fill (0.77 ± 0.33 mm; [95% CI; 0.13, 1.41]). Non-resorbable membranes showed significant improvement in vertical probing reduction (0.75 ± 0.31 mm; [95% CI; 0.14, 1.35]), attachment gain (1.41 ± 0.46 mm; [95% CI; 0.50, 2.31]), horizontal bone fill (1.16 ± 0.29 mm; [95% CI; 0.59, 1.73]), and vertical bone fill (0.58 ± 0.11 mm; [95% CI; 0.35, 0.80]) over open flap debridement. Resorbable membranes showed significant improvement in vertical probing reduction (0.73 ± 0.16 mm; [95% CI; 0.42, 1.05]), attachment gain (0.88 ± 0.16 mm; [95% CI; 0.55, 1.20]), horizontal bone fill (0.98 ± 0.12 mm; [95% CI; 0.74, 1.21]) and vertical bone fill (0.78 ± 0.19 mm; [95% CI; 0.42, 1.15]) over open flap debridement. Conclusions: Guided tissue regeneration with the use of resorbable membranes was superior to non-resorbable membranes in vertical bone fill. Both types of membranes were more effective than open flap debridement in reducing vertical probing depths and gaining vertical attachment levels and in gaining vertical and horizontal bone. J Periodontol 2011;82:413-428. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The etiology of idiopathic cervical root resorption has not been elucidated clearly. However, the process has been linked to trauma, intracanal bleaching, and partial thickness connective tissue grafts. Methods: This study describes a familial pattern of multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption in a father and son. Results: The father was a healthy 63-year-old white male who presented with the first resorption lesion in 1983. Twenty-seven additional lesions were identified on 16 teeth over 22 years. Five teeth were lost as a result of extensive resorption. The son was a healthy 43-year-old when a resorption lesion was identified in 1993. A lesion identified on another tooth 12 years later resulted in extraction. Conclusions: Close relatives of those affected by multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption should be examined carefully for cervical resorption. This study also showed that early treatment can prevent or delay the need for extraction. J Periodontol 2007; 78:387-371. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]