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30. Copper contamination in agricultural soils: A review of the effects of climate, soil properties, and prolonged copper pesticide application in vineyards and orchards.

Author

NEAMAN, ALEXANDER, SCHOFFER, JORGE-TOMÁS, NAVARRO-VILLARROEL, CLAUDIA, PELOSI, CÉLINE, PEÑALOZA, PATRICIA, DOVLETYAROVA, ELVIRA A., and SCHNEIDER, JERUSA

Subjects
COPPER in soils, SOIL pollution, SOIL biology, ORGANIC farming, ORCHARDS, COPPER
Abstract

Copper contamination stemming from copper-based pesticides poses a grave concern in vineyards and orchards, causing toxicity to soil organisms. Here, we present a comprehensive review of global data encompassing copper levels in these soils, coupled with variables such as the age of agricultural establishments, climate, soil organic matter content, soil pH, and farming practices (organic vs. conventional). The results suggest that there are three pivotal determinants driving copper content in vineyard and orchard soils: climate, the age of agricultural establishments, and soil organic matter content. It was impossible to estimate soil pH's effect on soil copper content because of its dependence on precipitation. Copper content in vineyard and orchard soils worldwide follows a direct correlation with precipitation while inversely correlating with aridity (i.e. potential evapotranspiration divided by precipitation). Furthermore, a clear linkage emerges between farm age and increased copper content in soils globally. Intriguingly, the increased soil organic matter content has shown inverse impacts on soil copper levels. These effects of soil properties on soil copper contents were discussed in terms of copper losses from soil via surface runoff. However, no discernible disparities in soil copper content between organic and conventional farming systems were found. This worldwide survey not only underscores the established influence of climate on European vineyards but also sheds novel light on the historical legacy of copper contamination in these landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Salinos, pero ácidos: Una extraña combinación en suelos del valle de lluta en el norte de chile

Author

Figueroa, Leonardo, Neaman, Alexander, Figueroa, Leonardo, and Neaman, Alexander

Abstract

The Lluta valley (Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile) is the site of a very unusual natural phenomenon where the soils in the valley are both saline and acidic. Soil conductivity was in the range of 1.4-16 dS/m (saturated paste extract) and 0.2-2.2 dS/m (1/5 soil/water extract). Soil pH was in the range of 5.1-6.9 (water), 4.9-6.3 (0.01 M CaCl2), and 4.4-6.0 (1 M KCl) at a soil/solution ratio of 1/2.5. Acidic soils are rare in arid regions, and their occurrence in the Lluta valley is attributed to the unusually low pH (below 2) of the Azufre River, which may be related to volcanic activity in the area. The situation is further exacerbated by acidic run-off from old sulfur mine tailings, El valle de Lluta (Región de Arica y Parinacota, Chile) presenta un fenómeno natural muy inusual dado que los suelos son tanto salinos como ácidos. La conductividad del suelo estuvo en el rango de 1,4-16 dS/m (extracto de pasta saturada) y 0,2-2,2 dS/m (extracto 1/5 de suelo/agua). El pH del suelo se ubicó en el rango de 5,1-6,9 (agua), 4,9-6,3 (0,01 M CaCl2) y 4,4-6,0 (1 M KCl), determinado en una relación suelo/solución de 1/2,5. Los suelos ácidos son poco comunes en regiones áridas. Su presencia en el valle de Lluta se atribuye al pH inusualmente bajo (menor de 2) del río Azufre, lo que puede estar relacionado con la actividad volcánica de la zona. La situación se ve aún más agravada por la escorrentía ácida de antiguos tranques de relave de minas de azufre

Published
2023

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