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Objective: to investigate progressive muscle relaxation exercises and relaxation music on the severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep quality in pregnant women. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: A university clinic in Turkey. Population: 67 pregnant women with RLS. Methods: Participants were allocated into three groups; the control group, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) group and relaxation music (RM) group. The PMR and RM programs were explained toall participants, and the first program was tested under the supervision of the researcher. PMR and RM group participants performed the program daily throughout 4 weeks. Severity of RLS with the International Restless Leg Syndrome Scale (IRLSS) and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks for all the groups. Results: The groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as IRLSS and PSQI scores at baseline. The PMR and RM groups showed significant improvement in terms of IRLSS (severity of RLS) score; the PMR group, however, experienced better alleviation in IRLSS score than the RM group. The PMR and RM groups showed significant improvement in terms of PSQI (sleep quality) score; however, there was no statistical difference, when PMR compared to RM group. Conclusion: PMR and also RM as complementary therapies could be used to alleviate the severity of RLS and improve sleep quality during pregnancy. PMR have better improvement in alleviating the severity of RLS.

Sağlık ve kültür ilişkisi bireyin hastalığı-sağlığı algılaması, inanç, gelenekleri ve sağlıklı davranışlar geliştirmesinden etkilenmektedir. Doğum öncesi bakımda, kültürü oluşturan inanç, değer ve uygulamalardaki farklılıklar göz önüne alınmalıdır. Doğum öncesi dönemin gebe ve fetüs için sağlıklı bir şekilde devam edebilmesinde gebenin tutum ve kültürünün anlaşılması önemlidir. Kültürel özellikler kapsamında sağlanan bakım gereksinimi, sağlık ve gebelik sonuçlarını olumlu yönde iyileştirmektedir. Gebeler kendi kültürüne özgü bakım alamadıklarında kendi sağlığı ve bebeğinin sağlığı konusunda endişe ve stres yaşamaktadır. Günümüzde bireylere kültürel yaklaşım için kullanılan modeller bulunmaktadır. Kültürel bakımı temel alan modeller genel olarak bakımda kültürel yeterliliği esas alan modellerdir. Leininger, Giger ve Davidhizars, Purnell’in modelleri kültürel bakımda/uygulamalarda en sık kullanılan modellerdir. Ebeler, hizmet verdikleri gebelerin kültürel yapısını tanımasında, değerlendirmesinde ve ebelik bakım kalitesinin yükseltilmesinde önemli rolü olan sağlık personelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, doğum öncesi dönemde kültüre dayalı ebelik bakımının önemini ve kültürel bakım modelleri ile ilişkisini literatür doğrultusunda ortaya koymaktır.

Sağlık ve kültür ilişkisi bireyin hastalığı-sağlığı algılaması, inanç, gelenekleri ve sağlıklı davranışlar geliştirmesinden etkilenmektedir. Doğum öncesi bakımda, kültürü oluşturan inanç, değer ve uygulamalardaki farklılıklar göz önüne alınmalıdır. Doğum öncesi dönemin gebe ve fetüs için sağlıklı bir şekilde devam edebilmesinde gebenin tutum ve kültürünün anlaşılması önemlidir. Kültürel özellikler kapsamında sağlanan bakım gereksinimi, sağlık ve gebelik sonuçlarını olumlu yönde iyileştirmektedir. Gebeler kendi kültürüne özgü bakım alamadıklarında kendi sağlığı ve bebeğinin sağlığı konusunda endişe ve stres yaşamaktadır. Günümüzde bireylere kültürel yaklaşım için kullanılan modeller bulunmaktadır. Kültürel bakımı temel alan modeller genel olarak bakımda kültürel yeterliliği esas alan modellerdir. Leininger, Giger ve Davidhizars, Purnell’in modelleri kültürel bakımda/uygulamalarda en sık kullanılan modellerdir. Ebeler, hizmet verdikleri gebelerin kültürel yapısını tanımasında, değerlendirmesinde ve ebelik bakım kalitesinin yükseltilmesinde önemli rolü olan sağlık personelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, doğum öncesi dönemde kültüre dayalı ebelik bakımının önemini ve kültürel bakım modelleri ile ilişkisini literatür doğrultusunda ortaya koymaktır.

Objective: Today, unemployment has become an in- creasing problem. In general, the reason for attending university in our country, Türkiye, is the anxiety about getting a job. The authors’ aim was to investigate undergraduate nursing students’ employment hope levels and to determine the factors affecting employment hope. Material and Methods: In this study, the descriptive-survey research method was used. The sample of the study consisted of undergraduate nursing students who attended the nursing faculty of a public university in the 2018-2019 academic year. The Sociodemographic Characteris- tics Questionnaire, Employment Hope Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used as data collection tools.Results: The sample group of the study consists of 645 students and the participation rate was 59.12%. In the study, 53.5% preferred nursing of their own free will, 82.5% wanted to improve themselves in the profession and to stay in the profession after they graduated, and 89.3% worried about finding a job. The analysis of the correlation between the variable choosing nursing by one’s own preference and the employment hope levels revealed that, though statistically not significant, the variable positively correlated with the “psychological empowerment” subscale (p=0.067), and sig- nificantly positively with the “goal-oriented pathways” subscale (p

Çalışanların hizmet verdikleri kişide duygu yaratma çabası olarak tanımlanan duygusal emek, sağlık alanında daima tartışma konusu olan bir kavramdır. Sağlık çalışanları hizmet ve bakım sürecinde etkili sonuca ulaşmak için duygusal emek sergilemek durumundadır. Ebelik mesleği de duygusal emek gerektiren bir meslektir. Gebelik ve doğum olayısürece dâhil olan herkes için duygusal açıdan olumlu ya da olumsuz çok fazla deneyim barındırır. Bu duygularla başa çıkmada ve ailelere destek sağlamada ebeler kilit rol oynamaktadır. Anne ve çocuk sağlığı açısından önemli bir konumda olan ebelik mesleğinin duygusal yönlerinin incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu derleme, ebelik mesleğinde duygusal emeği literatür bilgileri eşliğinde incelemek ve literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla yazılmıştır., Emotional labor, which is defined as an effort to create emotions in employees, is always a subject of controversy in the field of health. Health care workers have to exert emotional labor in order to reach an effective result in the service and care process. Midwifery is a profession that requires emotional labor. Pregnancy and childbirth have a lot of emotional positive or negative experiences for everyone involved. Midwives play a key role in coping with these feelings and providing support to families. It is important to examine the emotional aspects of midwifery profession which is important for mother and child health. This review was written to examine emotional labor in the midwifery profession along with literature information and to contribute to the literature.

Introduction: The kidneys are some of the most frequently affected organs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This multicenter study evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients followed up in intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with mortality. Methods: Three hundred twenty-eight patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in ICU were included. Risk factors associated with AKI and mortality were evaluated. Results: Eighty-eight patients (27.9%) were diagnosed with AKI. AKI was significantly associated with older age, higher baseline creatinine level, lower albumin level, and coexistence of cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mortality in the entire study group was significantly associated with AKI, older age, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, higher neutrophil level, lower lymphocyte, and albumin levels. Conclusion: AKI is frequently seen during the course of COVID-19 and is associated with high mortality. Identifying AKI-related risk factors appears essential in the management of COVID-19 patients. © 2022 International Society for Apheresis and Japanese Society for Apheresis.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı doğum ağrısında masaj uygulamasının etkisine yönelik yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarını sistematik olarak gözden geçirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 2000-2017 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış olan orijinal müdahale çalışmaları Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library veri tabanlarında kontrol edilerek yürütülmüştür. Tarama doğum ağrısında masaj uygulamanın etkisi kapsamında yapılmış randomize kontrollü müdahale çalışmaları (RKÇ) ve randomize olmayan kontrollü müdahale çalışmaları incelenerek İngilizce dilinde “labor pain” ve “massage” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaların çalışmaya dahil edilme ölçütleri PICO’ya (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) uygun olarak belirlenmiştir. Tarama da ilgili başlıklar ve özetler incelemeye alınmıştır (n=95). 2000-2017 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan çalışmalar (n=93) arasında başlık ve özetlere göre çalışma ile ilgili olmayan çalışmalar tespit edilmiştir (n=54). Müdahale araştırması olmayan (n=14) ve tam metne ulaşılamayan makalelerin (n=10) çıkarılması sonucunda değerlendirmeye 15 makale alınmıştır. Ancak 5 makalenin yinelendiği saptanmış ve tarama sonucunda toplam 10 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: İncelemeye alınan randomize ve randomize olmayan kontrollü müdahale çalışmaların örneklemini min.20-max.51 doğumun I. evresinde olan çoğunlukla primipar gebeler oluşturmaktadır. Sistematik inceleme sonucunda omuz, sırt, abdominal bölge, sakrum, el ve ayak gibi bölgelere yaklaşık 30 dakika masaj uygulamasının özellikle aktif fazda olmak üzere doğumun I. evresinde ağrı algısını azalttığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Doğumun I. evresinde omuz, sırt, abdominal bölge, sakrum, el ve ayak gibi bölgelere masaj uygulanmasının doğum ağrısının azaltılmasında etkili olduğu, çalışmaların sonucunda bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle doğum eyleminde masaj uygulamasının ülkemizdeki sağlık kuruluşlarında daha yaygın hale getirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Mizah duygusu ile streslebaşa çıkma tarzları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi sürekli başkalarınınsorunları ve beklentileriyle uğraşan hemşirelik öğrencileri açısındanönemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1., 2., 3., 4. sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerindemizah tarzları ile tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Nisan-Mayıs 2018 tarihinde yapılan çalışmada, Sosyo-Demografik Özellikler SoruFormu, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği ve Mizah Tarzları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. EtikKurul ve kurum izni alındıktan sonra 1539 öğrenciden 931'i çalışmayakatılmışlardır. Katılımcıların 711'i kadın, 220'si erkektir. Öğrencilerin220'si 1. sınıf, 187'si 2. sınıf, 407'si 3. sınıf ve 117' si 4. sınıftır.Mizahın stresle baş etmede etkili olduğunu bildirenler %79.1 (n=736)'dır. Sınıflara göre bakıldığında Tükenmişlik Ölçeği'nin alt boyutlarındanTükenme ve duyarsızlaşma en fazla 2. sınıflarda görülmüştür (=16.59.±5.70, p=0.004). Düşük yetkinlik alt puanıile tükenmişlik puan ortalması arasında bir ilişki vardır. Yetkinlik alt boyutupuan ortalaması, en düşük 1. sınıflarda görülmektedir (=12.48±2.73, p=0.000). Cinsiyete göre bakıldığındaTükenme'nin alt boyutlarından Duyarsızlaşma puan ortalaması, erkeklerde dahafazla görülmektedir (=11.12±4.74, p=0.001). Sınıflara göre mizahıkullanım sıklığına bakıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farkgörülmemiştir.

Amaç: İnsanilişkilerinin en yoğun olarak yaşandığı mesleklerden biri olan ebelik mesleğindeebe adaylarının eğitimleri sırasında empatik becerileri kazanmaları önemlidir.Bu çalışmada, ebelik öğrencilerinin empatik eğilim ve becerilerinindeğerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereçve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte araştırmanın evrenini, Sağlık Yüksekokulu’nunEbelik Bölümünde öğrenim gören 358 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerden 256’sıçalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veriler; tanıtıcı form, Empatik EğilimÖlçeği (EEÖ) ve Empatik Beceri Ölçeği-B (EBÖ-B) formu aracılığıyla eldeedilmiştir. Verilerin kodlama süreci, formları tam ve hatasız dolduran 148öğrenci ile tamamlanmıştır. Bulgular; sayı-yüzde, ortalama, t testi ve tekyönlü varyans analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin EEÖ puan ortalaması 70.56±8.29, EBÖ ise141.01±21.03 olarak saptanmıştır. I., II., III. ve IV. sınıf ebelik öğrencileriarasında empatik eğilimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktur(p>0.05). Sınıflar arasında empati beceri puanları farklılık göstermiştir;ikinci sınıf öğrencilerin anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek (154.75±21.25) empatikiletişim becerisine sahiptir (p, Aim: In the midwifery profession, one of the professions which interpersonal relationships are intense, it is important that midwifery students might acquire the skills of empathy during education. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the empathic tendencies and empathic skills of midwifery students Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was composed of 358 students being educated in the Department of Midwifery at Health High School. Total of 256 students was voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected by Questionnaire Form, Emphatic Tendency Scale and Emphatic Skill Scale-B Form. Data coding process was completed with 148 students who filled completely and flawless the forms. The percentages, mean, t test and one way anova test were used for analysis of the results. Results: It was determined that the average score of the empathic tendency of the students was 70.56±8.29, the average score of the empathic skills was 141.01±21.03. There is no statistical difference for empathic tendency between 1th, 2th, 3th and 4th grade midwifery students (p>0.05). The difference has been determined for empathic skills between students’ grades; it is determined that 2th grade students had statistically higher empathic skill (p

Arastirma, ebelik uygulama alanlarinda yapilan teori ve modele dayali tezleri incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Sistematik inceleme olan bu calismada, konuyla ilgili tum tezlerin geriye donuk taranmasi biciminde gerceklestirildi. Incelemede “gebelik”, “dogum”, “postpartum”, “yenidogan”, “kuram”, “teori”, “model”, anahtar kelimeleri kullanilarak “Yuksek Ogretim Kurulu Tez Merkezi” veri tabani elektronik olarak tarandi. Anahtar kelime olarak “gebelik” ile 855 tez, “dogum” ile 1207 tez, “postpartum” ile 244 tez, “yenidogan” ile 995 tez, “kuram” ile 1705 tez, “teori” ile 2000 tez ve “model”, 2000 tez tespit edildi. Inceleme sonucunda 21 tez secildi ve iki tez calismanin amacina uygun olmadigi icin dislandi. Ondokuz tez orneklemi olusturdu. Tezlerin ozellikleri SPSS 15.0 istatistik programiyla analiz edildi ve sayi, yuzde degerleri kullanildi. Tezlerde en sik kullanilan teori/kuram ve modellerin sirasiyla; Roy Adaptasyon Modeli, Dorothy Orem Oz Bakim Modeli, Planli Davranis Teorisi, Watson Bakim Teorisi oldugu sonucuna varilmistir.

WOS:000648816400007 PMID: 33960939 Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Data from patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with SOF/LDV +/- RBV or SOF/RBV in 31 centers across Turkey between April 1, 2017, and August 31, 2018, were recorded in a nationwide database among infectious disease specialists. Demographics, clinical, and virological outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 552 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 51.28 +/- 14.2, and 293 (55.8%) were female. The majority had HCV genotype 1b infection (65%), 75.04% of the patients underwent treatment, and non-cirrhosis was present at baseline in 381 patients (72.6%). SOF/LDV +/- RBV treatment was given to 477 patients and 48 patients received SOF/RBV according to HCV genotype. The total SVR12 rate was 99% in all patients. Five patients experienced disease relapse during the study and all of them were genotype 2. In patients infected with HCV GT2, SVR12 was 77.3%. SVR was 100% in all patients infected with other HCV genotypes. All treatments were well tolerated by patients without causing severe adverse events. Side effects and side effects-associated treatment discontinuation rates were 28.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Weakness (13.7%) was the common side effect. Conclusion: The present real-world data of 525 patients with HCV genotypes 1, 1a, 1b, 3, 4, and 5 who underwent SOF/LDV +/- RBV treatment in Turkey demonstrated a high efficacy and safety profile. HCV GT2 patients should be treated with more efficacious treatment.

Purpose Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a movement disorder which constitutes the most common and major risk group during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and severity of RLS during pregnancy and to investigate the effect of RLS on quality of life in pregnant women. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in antenatal clinics of four different public hospitals. Data collected were pregnancy assessment form, RLS diagnostic criteria form, RLS severity scale, and SF-12 quality of life scale. Results Among 718 pregnant women, mean age was 28.3 +/- 5.9 years (range 19 to 45). According to the diagnostic criteria of RLS, RLS prevalence was 22% (n=159). of the 159 women with RLS, 41% had moderate severity and 40% had severe RLS. Prevalence of RLS in pregnant women increased with gestational week, working time during pregnancy, weight before pregnancy, total weight gain during pregnancy, and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Physical health scores, physical functioning scores, pain scores, emotional role difficulty scores, and social function scores were significantly lower in the pregnant women with RLS than without RLS (p, Ege University Scientific Research Project FundEge University [16-ASYO-006], This research was funded by the Ege University Scientific Research Project Fund through grant number 16-ASYO-006.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sacral massage and heat application on the perceptions of labor pain and comfort level in pregnant women. Methods: This was a quasi-randomized controlled experimental study. The data were collected under three groups in 2016: the heat application group (HAG), the massage group (MG), and the control group (CG). Each group included 30 primiparous pregnant women (range of age: 17–35) whose cervix was dilated to 4–5 cm. At 4–5 cm, 6–7 cm, and 8–9 cm cervical dilation, sacral massage was applied to MG, and sacral heat application was applied to HAG. Each group received standard midwifery care during labor. The data were collected using the Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The data were analyzed by using the Chi-square test, the Friedman test, Paired sample t-test, ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test Results: The mean pain score in HAG (4.56±0.67) during 4–5 cm of cervical dilation was significantly lower than those in MG (5.03±1.06) or CG (5.23±0.72) (p < 0.05). The mean pain scores in HAG (6.80±0.7) and MG (7.30±0.8) during 6–7 cm of cervical dilation were significantly lower than that in CG (7.70±0.5) (p < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the mean CCQ total scores (HAG: 31.06±3.46, CG: 27.66±3.85, p < 0.05), mean CCQ physical comfort scores (HAG: 13.16±1.89, CG: 11.03±1.80, p < 0.001), mean CCQ relief comfort level score (HAG: 11.23±1.43, CG: 10.00±2.01, p < 0.05) and mean CCQ transcendence comfort level scores (HAG: 19.83±2.37, CG: 17.66±2.15, p < 0.05) and both HAG and CG during 8–9 cm of cervical dilation. Conclusions: Heat application and massage can be used as a safe and effective midwifery intervention to reduce the perception of pain in pregnant women and provide comfort during labor. © 2020 Elsevier Inc., The authors express thanks to the pregnant women for participation in the study. Place or institution where the work was developed, city and country: Bal?kesir Atat?rk City Hospital in Turkey.

Bu calismanin amaci, gebelerin interneti kullanma sikliklarini ve nedenlerini degerlendirmektir. Tanimlayici tipte olan bu calismada, ornek secimi yapilmamis evrenin tamamina ulasilmak hedeflenmistir. Calismanin orneklemini, Izmir Ili Bayrakli Ilcesi'ne bagli bir muhtarliga kayitli 134 gebe olusturmustur. Kadinlarin %58.2’si bir hafta icinde 21 saat ve uzeri internet kullandigini belirtirken, %39.6’si hem bilgisayar hem de cep telefonuyla internete baglandigini belirtmistir. Kadinlar gebelik dusunmeye basladiktan sonra; “bebegin cinsiyeti, bebegin anne karnindaki gelisimi, gebelikte cinsellik, gebelik olusumu ve gebe kalmayi kolaylastiran durumlar” anahtar kelimeleriyle internet taramasi yapmislardir. Kadinlar, yeterli bilgilerinin olmadigini dusunmeleri (%35.1) ve saglik personeline ulasmada gucluk cekme/bilgiye hizli ulasabilme (%29.9) nedeni ile internette arastirma yapma ihtiyaci duyduklarini belirtmislerdir. Kadinlarin, gebelik sureci ile ilgili guvenilir internet kaynaklarina iliskin bilgi sahibi olmasi; gebelik/dogum/lohusalik donemlerinde anne/yenidogan saglik risklerinin azaltilabilmesi acisindan onemlidir. B irinci basamak saglik hizmet sunumunda, dogru/guvenilir bil gilerin aktarilmasinda saglik calisanlarina ozellikle de ebelere onemli sorumluluklar dusmekte olup etkili internet kullanimi ve buna yonelik danismalik hizmetlerine agirlik verilmesi gerekmektedir .

Arastirmada, medyanin kadinlarin beslenme aliskanliklari, besin secimi ve tuketimi uzerindeki etkilerini, ozellikle cocuk sahibi olan ve olmayan kadinlarin bunlardan etkilenme duzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Kesitsel tipte tanimlayici olarak planlanan arastirma, Izmir Halk Sagligi Kurumu’na bagli uc Toplum Sagligi Merkezi’ne basvuran 18-65 yas arasi 246 kadin uzerinde yurutulmustur. Veri toplama formu, sosyo-demografik ozellikler, besin satin alma davranislari, medya takibi ile bilgiler, beslenme bilgisi ve medya etkisi ile davranis degisikligi bilgileri olarak 4 bolum ve 29 soruyu icermektedir. Verilerin istatistiksel degerlendirilmesinde ki-kare testi kullanilmistir. Kadinlarin yas ortalamasi 35.19±12.43, yarisindan cogu (%64.2) evli, %60.6’si cocuk sahibidir. Calismaya katilan 246 kadin arasinda, 243’u besin satin alirken urunun tazeligine, 237’si son kullanma tarihine, 236’si besleyici ozelligine, 233’u sagliga uygunluguna ve 232’si fiyatina dikkat etmektedir. Istatistiksel olarak, kadinlar medyada yer alan beslenme ile ilgili haber, yazi ve reklamlardan etkilenmektedir (p

Doğum eylemi, doğal vefizyolojik bir süreç olmasının yanında, annenin sağlığını fiziksel ve emosyonelyönden etkileyen önemli bir yaşamsal deneyimdir. Doğum eyleminde verilen bakım vemümkün olan en az müdahale ile gebenin güvenli ve olumlu bir doğum deneyimiyaşamasını sağlamak, bunu deneyimlerken doğum eylemine aktif katılımı yönündekadını cesaretlendirmek, yenidoğanın sağlıklı dünyaya gelmesini sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.Doğum fizyolojik bir olay olsa da kadın hayatında morbidite ve mortaliteriskinin yüksek olduğu bir süreçtir. Bu süreç, kadının biyo-fiziksel,psikolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik boyutlarını etkileyerek yaşam aktivitelerine ilişkinsorun yaşamasına ve dolayısı ile öz-bakım gücünün azalmasına neden olabilir.Öz-bakım, bireylerin yaşamlarını, sağlık ve iyiliklerini korumak içinkendilerine düşeni yapmalarıdır. Kendi öz-bakımını karşılayamayanlarınöz-bakımını karşılayan kişi bağımlı bakım ajanı olarak tanımlanmaktadır.Bağımlı bakım ajanının gücü bakım verilen bireyin öz-bakım gereksinimlerinikarşılamada yetersiz ise bağımlıbakım eksikliği ortaya çıkar. Doğumeyleminde bağımlı bakım ajanı, ebedir. Doğum eylemindeki gebeler destekleyiciebelik bakımına ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bu derleme ile doğum eyleminde ebelikgereksinimlerinin “Orem Öz-bakım Yetersizlik Kuramı”na göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı doğum ağrısında sıcak uygulamanın etkisine yönelik yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarını belirlemek, sıcak uygulamanın doğumun evrelerine göre uygulama yöntemi, uygulama bölgeleri, uygulama süreleri ve ısı derecelerini saptamak ve sistematik olarak gözden geçirmektir. Yöntem: Doğum ağrısında sıcak uygulamanın etkisini belirlemek için 2000-2017 tarihleri arasında Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library veri tabanları kontrol edilerek yayınlanmış orijinal müdahale çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Tarama İngilizce dilinde “labor pain” ve “heat”, “labor” ve “warm”, “labor” ve “water immersion”, “labor pain” ve “bath” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun toplam on bir makale değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Sistematik inceleme sonucunda sıcak uygulama yöntemlerinin doğumun I. evresinde ağrının en çok hissedildiği sakrum ve alt abdomene uygulanmasının I. evredeki doğum ağrı algısını azalttığı, doğumun II. evresinde ağrının en çok hissedildiği perine bölgesine uygulanmasının ise II. evredeki doğum ağrı algısını azalttığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Doğumun evrelerine göre ağrı hissinin duyulduğu bölgelere sıcak uygulama yapılmasının ağrının azaltılmasında etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir, Objective: This study aimed to determine and systematically examine the effects of heat applications on labor pain and to determine the application methods, application locations, application times and temperature grades of the heat applications in relation to the stages of labor. Methods: Original intervention studies published between 2000 and 2017 were accessed and reviewed by checking databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library in order to determine the effects of heat applications on labor pain. This review was performed by using keywords such as “labor pain” and “heat,” “labor” and “warm,” “labor” and “water immersion,” “labor pain” and “bath.” A total of eleven articles in accordance with the inclusion criteria were assessed. Results: As a result of the systematic review, it was found that the heat application to the sacrum and lower abdomen (where the pain is mostly felt during phase one of labor) reduced the labor pain during phase one, whereas the heat application to the perineum region (where the pain is mostly felt during the phase two of labor) reduced the labor pain during phase two. Conclusion: It is thought that heat applications to the regions where the pain is felt according to the stages of labor can be effective in decreasing labor pain

WOS: 000503180500033, PubMed: 31603126, Introduction: Following the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, women may experience some emotions such as anxiety, uncertainty, andhopelessness, and these experiences may vary from person to person. Many patients, along with conventional treatments, can resort to traditional methods to support the treatment, prevent recurrence of cancer, cope with the side effects of the treatment, and strengthen physically and mentally. Aims: the study was aimed at determining the relationship between hopelessness level and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: in this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 336 women with breast cancer who presented to the mammography unit were contacted. Among the CAM methods used, herbal treatment methods rank first. of the reasons, women prefer these methods; "CAM provides psychological comfort" takes the first place. Results: the mean scores obtained from the Beck Hopelessness Scale by the women who used and who did not use CAM were 5.45 +/- 5.18 and 4.44 +/- 4.10, respectively. the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: in conclusion, women with breast cancer may attempt to use CAM due to hopelessness. Therefore, in the course of medical treatment of patients, CAM practices should be questioned, they should be provided counseling and if necessary, referred for psychological support., Ege University Scientific Research Project FundEge University; Rectorship of Ege University; Scientific Research Fund, We would like to extend our sincere thanks to the staff of the Ege University Medical Faculty Radiology Department's Mammography Unit where the research was held and to the women who participated in the research for their great support. This work was supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Project Fund. We would also like to thank the Rectorship of Ege University which supported the research with Scientific Research Fund.

WOS: 000388326300001, PubMed: 27401586, Background: Drug resistance development is an expected problem during treatment with protease inhibitors (PIs), this is largely due to the fact that Pls are low-genetic barrier drugs. Resistance-associated variants (RAVs) however may also occur naturally, and prior to treatment with Pls, the clinical impact of this basal resistance remains unknown. In Turkey, there is yet to be an investigation into the hepatitis C (HCV) drug associated resistance to oral antivirals. Materials and methods: 178 antiviral-naive patients infected with HCV genotype 1 were selected from 27 clinical centers of various geographical regions in Turkey and included in the current study. The basal NS3 Pls resistance mutations of these patients were analyzed. Results: In 33 (18.5%) of the patients included in the study, at least one mutation pattern that can cause drug resistance was identified. The most frequently detected mutation pattern was T54S while R109K was the second most frequently detected. Following a more general examination of the patients studied, telaprevir (TVR) resistance in 27 patients (15.2%), boceprevir (BOC) resistance in 26 (14.6%) patients, simeprevir (SMV) resistance in 11 (6.2%) patients and faldaprevir resistance in 13 (7.3%) patients were detected. Our investigation also revealed that rebound developed in the presence of a Q80K mutation and amongst two V55A mutations following treatment with TVR, while no response to treatment was detected in a patient with a R55K mutation. Conclusion: We are of the opinion that drug resistance analyses can be beneficial and necessary in revealing which variants are responsible for pre-treatment natural resistance and which mutations are responsible for the viral breakthrough that may develop during the treatment. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases., Department of Scientific Research Project of Kocaeli University; Turkish Society of Clinic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, This study was funded by Department of Scientific Research Project of Kocaeli University and Turkish Society of Clinic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

Background: Academic dishonesty has become a serious problem at institutions of higher learning. Research question: What is the frequency of academic dishonesty and what factors affect the tendency of dishonesty among Turkish health science school students? Research design: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aims to evaluate academic dishonesty among university nursing, midwifery, and dietetic students. Participants and research context: The study sample consisted of 499 health science students in Turkey. The tendency toward academic dishonesty was investigated using the Academic Dishonesty Tendency Scale. Ethical considerations: Institutional review board approved the study. Written permission was obtained from the researcher to use Turkish version of the Academic Dishonesty Tendency Scale. Findings: Of all the students, 80.0% claimed to refer to Internet during homework preparation and 49.1% of students reported to cite the references at the end of article on some instances. Of the students, 56.1% claimed never to have cheated in the exams. It was found that academic dishonesty was partly low (1.80–2.59) in students. For students using a library while doing their homework, mean scores were significantly lower ( p < 0.05). There were also statistically significant difference between mean scores and student’s year in school, student’s perception of school success, and frequency of Internet use while doing homework ( p < 0.05). Discussion: The tendency of academic dishonesty was lower among students who use Internet and library more frequently. These findings are consistent with previous studies. Conclusion: Measurements to take against academic dishonesty should be directed toward not only students but institutions and instructors as well.

WOS: 000429311800001, Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a high mutation rate due to its unusual replication strategy leading to the production of a large number of virions with single and double mutations. The mutations, in turn, are associated with the development of drug resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) in patients before and during NUCs therapy. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the molecular characterization of HBV in Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing procedures were used to analyze mutations. The detected drug resistance mutations were divided into the nucleos(t) ide analogs primary, partial, and compensatory resistance groups. The amino acid substitutions of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were categorized into antiviral drug - associated potential vaccine-escape mutations (ADAPVEMs) and typical HBsAg amino acid substitutions, which included hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin (HBIg) - selected escape mutation, vaccine escape mutation, hepatitis B misdiagnosis, and immune - selected amino acid substitutions. Results: The number of patients included in the study was 528 out of which 271 (51.3%) were treatment - naive and 351 (66.3%) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) - negative. Moreover, 325 (61.6%) were males with a mean age of 38 years (range: 18 - 69). Primary, partial, and compensatory resistance to NUCs was reported in 174 (32.9%) patients. Six different ADAPVEM motifs were determined in both treatment - naive and treatment - experienced patients, namely, sF161L/rtI169X, sE164D/rtV173L, sL172L/rtA181T, sL173F/rtA181V, sS195M/rtM204V, and sS196L/rtM204I. The prevalence of ADAPVEMs and typical HBsAg escape mutations was 5.3% (n = 28) and 34.8% (n = 184), respectively. Conclusions: The analysis of drug resistance should constitute a fundamental part of the follow - up period of patients with CHB undergone treatment with NUCs. The surveillance of development of drug resistance mutations, while receiving treatment for hepatitis B is of paramount importance to monitor and control the emerging resistance.

WOS: 000357330600005, PubMed: 26185714, Background: The use of pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) for the retreatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without a sustained virological response (SVR) prior to PegIFN/RBV treatment has resulted in low success rates. Aims: To investigate the efficacy and safety of telaprevir (TVR) in combination with PegIFN/RBV in patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 and 4 who were previously treated with PegIFN/RBV and failed to achieve SVR. Study Design: Multi-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 111 patients: 80 prior relapsers, 25 prior null responders, and six prior partial responders to PegIFN/RBV treatment. The patients were given TVR/PegIFN/RBV for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week PegIFN/RBV treatment; virological response results were assessed at weeks 4, 12, and 24. Treatment was discontinued in patients with HCV RNA >1000 IU/mL at week 4 or with negative RNA results at week 4 but >1000 IU/mL at week 12. Rapid virological response (RVR), early virological response (EVR), extended rapid virological response (eRVR), and virological response at 24th week of treatment were evaluated. The side effects of combination therapy and the rates of treatment discontinuation were investigated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.02 +/- 9.96 years and 45.9% were male. Ninety-one percent of the patients were infected with viral genotype 1, 69.6% with the interleukin (IL) 28B genotype CT and 20.2% were cirrhotic. The RVR rate was 86.3% in prior relapsers, 56% in prior null responders, and 50% in prior partial responders (p=0.002). EVR rates in those groups were 91.3%, 56%, and 83.3%, respectively (p

Objectives: We described the clinical outcomes of the diabetic patients who had foot infections with multidrug resistant organisms. Methods: We included the patients with diabetic foot infections (DFI) from 19 centers, between May 2011 and December 2015. Infection was defined according to IDSA DFI guidelines. Patients with severe infection, complicated moderate infection were hospitalized. The patients were followed-up for 6 months after discharge. Results: In total, 791 patients with DFI were included, 531(67%) were male, median age was 62 (19-90). Severe infection was diagnosed in 85 (11%) patients. Osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 291(36.8%) patients. 536 microorganisms were isolated, the most common microorganisms were S. aureus (20%), P. aeruginosa (19%) and E. coli (12%). Methicillin resistance (MR) rate among Staphylococcus aureus isolates was 31%. Multidrug resistant bacteria were detected in 21% of P. aeruginosa isolates. ESBL (+) Gram negative bacteria (GNB) was detected in 38% of E. coli and Klebsiella isolates. Sixty three patients (8%) were rehospitalized. Of the 791 patiens, 127 (16%) had major amputation, and 24 (3%) patients died. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors for fatality were; dialysis (OR: 8.3, Cl: 1.82-38.15, p = 0.006), isolation of Klebsiella spp. (OR:7.7, Cl: 1.24-47.96, p = 0.028), and chronic heart failure (OR: 3, Cl: 1.01-9.04, p = 0.05). MR Staphylococcus was detected in 21% of the rehospitalized patients, as the most common microorganism (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among rehospitalized patients, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus infections was detected as the most common agent, and Klebsiella spp. infections were found to be significantly associated with fatality. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.