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Traditionally Ganges water that contains bacteriophages, are used in Hindu rituals in India. Bacteriophages are bacterial-specific viruses and present abundantly on Earth. They are present most widely in the biosphere, soil and the intestine of animals. Specificity of infection makes them a powerful alternative for the control of bacterial infection which is normally showing resistant to antibiotics. In present study, isolation of bacteriophage was carried out from sewage of piggery and dairy farms to find out antimicrobial property. Isolated bacteriophages were showing an icosahedral symmetry with long tail of 109 nm and head of 52.20 nm in diameter under electron microscopic observation. These phages were considered as member of Myoviridae family. Presently, antimicrobial resistance is an acute problem across the globe, and therefore alternate for antimicrobials should be searched on priority. Primary aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of a bacteriophage against Multi drug resistance pathogen like Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus. A total 150 sewage samples were processed for bacteriophage isolation out of them 27 were found to be positive for bacteriophages. Four isolates of bacteriophage lysate ØVS1, ØVS5, ØVS9 and ØVS 27 were used as a cocktail in trail. Therapeutic and safety profile of the purified phage lysate cocktail were performed in well-defined mouse model at laboratory animal house of College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Jabalpur (M.P.). Results showed 100% in mice G-III (challenged with MRSA) was treated with phage Cocktail with in ten days whereas G-IV was showing approx. 40% in abscess (challenged with MRSA). Our findings reported that the bacteriophage therapy is safe and better than traditional antibiotics therapy especially in multidrug resistance cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Pasteurella multocida play an important role in virulence and are important for vaccine development due to immunogenicity. Here, we evaluated immunoprotection in mice, immunized with native OmpH, recombinant OmpH and HS alum precipitated vaccine of P. multocida P52 against P. multocida challenge. Protection studies were performed in mice of groups I (OmpH); II (recombinant OmpH); and III (HS alum precipitated vaccine). Group IV was control group administered with sterile PBS. The protection percentage was recorded as 83.33% protection in Gr. I & III, and 66.66% in Gr. II. The control group (Gr. IV) showed 100% mortality. The mean antibodies titers were detected at day 7, 14, 21 and 28 postimmunization, and compared with the control group. All immunized groups showed significantly high immune protection compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm formation in healthcare is an issue of considerable concern, as it results in increased morbidity and mortality, imposing a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Biofilms are highly resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapies and lead to persistent infections. Hence, there is a high demand for novel strategies other than conventional antibiotic therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging, economically important infectious viral disease of cattle caused by Capripoxvirus. An outbreak of LSD has been reported in various states including Madhya Pradesh, India. This study was undertaken to do molecular characterization of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and to study its phylogenetic relationship with the sequences available in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. A total of 6 blood samples and 2 tissue skin nodule samples were collected from cattle (aged from 6 months to 6 years) biopsies from Bamhnoda & Sagda Jhapani village of Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India and were screened for LSDV by PCR. The samples were subjected for amplification of P32 and fusion genes. Two tissue and three blood samples were positive for P32 gene. Partial P32 and fusion genes were amplified and sequenced and subjected for phylogenetic analysis by MEGA6. The phylogenetic analysis based on partial P32 gene and fusion gene showed close proximity with isolates from Egypt, Saudi Arabia and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotavirus can be detected in stool samples by using serological and molecular methods. An easy and rapid dual gene RTPCR assay for the simultaneous amplification of the capsid protein VP4 (structural) and rotavirus enter toxin NSP4 (nonstructural protein) has been developed. We validated the assay by comparing the results of single target PCR with dual-gene PCR products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]