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1. Catastrophic yield risks and the demand for crop insurance in Finland

Author: Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, taloustieteen laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för ekonomi, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Economics and Management, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Liesivaara, Petri, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, taloustieteen laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för ekonomi, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Economics and Management, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), and Liesivaara, Petri
Abstract: The emphasis in crop damage compensation in the EU is moving from government-run programmes and disaster relief to insurances based on public private partnership (PPP). Before 2015 member states had the opportunity to finance crop insurance premium subsidies from national budget under Article 68 of Pillar one regulation. From 2015 onwards, member states have had the option to co-finance premium subsidies with the EU under the conditions defined in the regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 on support for rural development. A publicly funded and administered Crop Damage Compensation (CDC) scheme was designed to cover yield losses in Finland. As a result of European Commission objection and obvious deficiencies in the CDC system, the programme was abolished in the end of 2015. The objetives of this thesis were to 1) study farmers preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for crop insurance attributes, 2) reveal the effects of the price anchoring problem in crop insurance, 3) provide guidelines for government disaster relief in combination with crop insurances, 4) investigate the factors underlying crop insurance uptake and 5) study the feasibility of index crop insurance based on area yields in Finland. The research results were expected to benefit farmers, the government and insurance companies. An extensive farm survey was conducted to reveal Finnish farmers demand and WTP for crop insurance. Choice Experiment (CE) method was used. In addition, a split sample approach was applied to the price anchoring problem and to examine the effect of government disaster relief on crop insurance schemes. The obtained results revealed that there is demand for crop insurance in Finland. An insurance product was chosen in 46.5% of the cases in the entire CE dataset. Price of insurance is the main factor affecting the choice to insure and the demand was found to be inelastic over the whole price range. The median WTP of Finnish farmers for a 10% increase in the deductible was -1.60 Euros/ha, a, Painopiste satovahinkojen korvaamisesta on Euroopan unionissa (EU) siirtymässä katastrofiavusta satovakuutuksiin ja satovakuutusmaksujen valtion tukeen. Ennen vuotta 2015 satovakuutuksia on voinut tukea kansallisesta budjetista osana YMP:n ensimmäistä pilaria. Vuodesta 2015 alkaen jäsenvaltioilla on ollut mahdollisuus ottaa käyttöön EU:n ja jäsenmaiden yhteisesti rahoittaman asetuksen (EU) No 1305/2015 mukaisen vakuutusmaksutuen osana maaseudun kehittämistä. Suomessa julkisesti rahoitettu ja hallinnoitu satovahinkojen korvausjärjestelmä oli suunniteltu kattamaan viljelijöiden satomenetykset. Euroopan komission vastustuksen ja järjestelmän ilmeisten puutteiden vuoksi ohjelma lakkautettiin vuonna 2015. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli 1) selvittää viljelijöiden preferenssit ja maksuhalukkuus satovakuutuksista, 2) paljastaa hinta-ankkuroinnin vaikutus maksuhalukkuuteen, 3) antaa suosituksia valtion katastrofiavulle, 4) tutkia satovakuutuksen ostamiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä ja 5) tutkia aluesatoihin perustuvan indeksivakuutuksen toimivuutta Suomessa. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin viljelijäkyselyllä kysynnän ja viljelijöiden maksuhalukkuuden selvittämiseksi. Tutkimuksessa sovellettiin valintakoemenetelmää. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että satovakuutuksille on kysyntää Suomessa. Vakuutustuote valittiin 46,5 % tapauksista koko valintakoeaineistossa. Vakuutustuotteiden kysyntä riippuu tuotteiden hinnasta, mutta hintajousto on pieni koko hintavälillä. Suomalaisten viljelijöiden maksuhalukkuuden mediaani omavastuun kasvattamisesta 10 prosentilla oli -1,60 euroa. Odotettavissa olevien korvausten mediaani maksuhalukkuus oli 3,40 euroa, kun korvausta korotettiin 100 eurolla/hehtaari. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että Suomessa kehittymässä oleviin satovakuutusten markkinoihin vaikuttaa tieto satovakuutusten hintatasosta. Tutkimuksessa myös havaittiin, että valtion tarjoama katastrofiapu pienentää viljelijöiden maksuhalukkuutta satovakuutuksista. Useat viljelijää ja maatilaa koskev
Published: 2017

2. From carbon source to sink - Managing agriculture for climate change mitigation and food production in Ethiopia

Author: Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, maataloustieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för lantsbruksvetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Rimhanen, Karoliina, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, maataloustieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för lantsbruksvetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and Rimhanen, Karoliina
Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the world´s most vulnerable regions to climate change. Even though the proportion of greenhouse gas emissions produced in SSA is low, the agricultural sector has an enormous potential for climate change mitigation. The aim here is to increase understanding of the potential of climate change mitigation to enhance food security. The focus of the study is to identify the determinants of this potential, to estimate the possibilities to increase the proportion of carbon ending up in soil and to quantify the soil carbon sequestration potential of agroecological practices in Ethiopia. Identification of the determinants of the potential of climate change mitigation to enhance food security was based on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The assessment of carbon flows was based on interviews and sampling. Material flow analysis and carbon balance counting was used for tracking the carbon flows and for estimating the carbon losses. Quantification of the carbon sequestration potential of the agroecological practices was based on comparison of the existing plot pairs, including a plot with an agroecological practice and an adjacent plot with a traditional practice. Soil carbon sequestration in agricultural soil was considered as the most important means to promote climate change mitigation and to enhance food security. The primary factors enhancing food security were perceived to be increasing agricultural productivity and incomes from marketed crops. On the Ethiopian farms, 8 12% of the total harvested carbon was used for soil and 9 16% for food. The largest carbon losses were due to biomass burning and livestock metabolism. The proportion of carbon used for soil could mainly be increased by reducing gaseous losses. Agroforestry led to 11.4 t ha-1, restrained grazing to 9.6 t ha-1 and terracing to 1.7 t ha-1 greater soil carbon stock than did their control plots. The estimates are higher than those based on process-modelling stu, Saharan eteläpuolinen Afrikka on yksi haavoittuvimpia alueita ilmastonmuutokselle. Vaikka osuus kasvihuonekaasujen tuottajana on maailmanlaajuisesti pieni, sisältää alueen maataloussektori suuren ilmastonmuutoksen hillintäpotentiaalin. Tämän väitöskirjan päämäärä on lisätä ymmärrystä ilmastonmuutoksen hillinnän mahdollisuuksista edistää ruokaturvaa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteet ovat tunnistaa tekijät, jotka vaikuttavat hillinnän mahdollisuuksiin edistää ruokaturvaa, arvioida mahdollisuuksia lisätä maahan päätyvän hiilen osuutta sekä arvioida agroekologisten menetelmien maaperän hiilensidontapotentiaalia Etiopiassa. Ilmastonmuutoksen hillinnän ruokaturvaan vaikuttavien tekijöiden tunnistaminen perustui syvähaastatteluihin ja fokusryhmäkeskusteluihin. Hiilivirtojen arviointi perustui haastatteluihin ja näytteenottoon. Hiilivirtojen jäljittämiseksi ja hiilen hävikkien arvioimiseksi hyödynnettiin materiaalivirta-analyysiä ja hiilitaselaskentaa. Arviot hiilensidontapotentiaalista perustuivat olemassa olevien, agroekologisin ja perinteisin menetelmin viljeltyjen lohkojen hiilivarastojen koon vertailuun. Tärkeimpänä ilmastonmuutoksen hillintää ja ruokaturvaa edistävänä keinona pidettiin maatalousmaan hiilensidontaa. Ensisijaisina ruokaturvaa edistävinä tekijöinä pidettiin maan tuottavuuden kasvattamista ja markkinoitavasta sadosta saatavia tuloja. Viljelyjärjestelmissä korjatusta hiilestä 8 12 % päätyi maahan ja 9 16 % ruokaan. Suurimmat hiilen hävikit syntyivät biomassan poltosta ja kotieläinten aineenvaihdunnasta. Maahan käytettävää hiiltä voitaisiin lisätä vähentämällä kaasumaisia hiilen hävikkejä järjestelmästä. Peltometsäviljelyllä saavutettiin 11.4 t ha-1, vapaan laidunnuksen rajoittamisella 9.6 t ha-1 ja viljellyillä terasseilla 1.7 t ha-1 suurempi maan hiilivarasto kontrollilohkoihin verrattuna. Arviot ovat suuremmat kuin aikaisemmin prosessimalleihin perustuvat julkaisut. Ero johtunee siitä, että mallit on kehitetty Itä-Afrikan olosuhteisin nähden poikkeavissa olosuhtei
Published: 2016

3. Home-grown grain legumes in poultry diets

Author: Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, maataloustieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för lantsbruksvetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Koivunen, Erja, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, maataloustieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för lantsbruksvetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), and Koivunen, Erja
Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to find appropriate inclusion levels of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (FB) seeds as a substitute for soybean meal (SBM) in poultry diets. The inclusion levels tested for pea (cv. Karita) were 100, 200 and 300 g/kg in layer diet and 150, 300 and 450 in broiler diet and for FB (cv. Kontu) 50 and 100 g/kg in layer diet and 80, 160 and 240 g/kg in broiler diet. The effect of a specific enzyme cocktail for improving the nutritive value of wheat-pea diets was also investigated in broilers. The fifth experiment was conducted to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value and the coefficients apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of nutrients of the seeds of two peas (cv. Karita and cv. Sohvi), two FBs (cv. Kontu and cv. Ukko), and one blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) (cv. Pershatsvet) in broilers. Each grain legumes contained less protein than soybean SBM did. Pea inclusion up to 300 g/kg had no effect on egg production or egg quality. Pea inclusion of 150 g/kg improved the growth of broilers, while pea inclusions 300 and 450 g/kg had no effect on growth. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers was similar between control treatment and treatment with pea inclusions 450 g/kg. The use of enzyme cocktail improves the nutritive value of wheat in the diet. FB inclusion decreased egg weight. Egg mass production decreased and FCR increased when FB proportion increased. FB inclusion had no effect on egg quality. Broilers growth and feed consumption decreased and FCR improved in a linear manner along FB inclusion. The CAID of protein was higher in peas and lupin than in FB cv. Kontu. Most of CAID values of amino acids (AA) followed the pattern shown by the CAID of protein. AAs in peas were well digested. The AAs were averagely digested in FBs with the exception of cysteine, which was poorly digested. The AAs were averagely digested in lupin. The AME for pea cv. Karita was higher than those of pea cv. Sohvi and FBs c, Soijarouhe on eniten käytetty valkuaisrehu siipikarjan ruokinnassa. Suomessa, jossa soijaa (Glycine max) ei voida viljellä tai sen viljely ei ole taloudellisesti kannattavaa, pyritään parempaan valkuaisomavaraisuuteen ja riippumattomuuteen maahan tuodusta soijasta. Yksi tehokkaimmista keinoista saavuttaa tavoite paremmasta valkuaisomavaraisuudesta on lisätä palkoviljojen viljelyä ja niiden käyttöä kotieläinten rehuna. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoutta kotimaisten palkoviljojen rehuarvosta ja käytöstä siipikarjanrehuna. Väitöskirjakokeissa selvitettiin, miten paljon kotimaista hernettä (Pisum sativum L.) ja härkäpapua (Vicia faba L.) voidaan käyttää munivien kanojen ja broilerien rehuissa ilman, että tuotantotulokset heikkenevät vilja-soijarouheruokintaan verrattuna. Lisäksi määritettiin hernelajikkeiden (Karita ja Sohvi), härkäpapulajikkeiden (Kontu ja Ukko) ja sinilupiinilajikkeen (Lupinus angustifolius) (Pershatsvet) sekä härkäpapudieettien näennäinen muuntokelpoinen energia ja ravintoaineiden näennäinen ohutsuolisulavuus broilereilla. Lisäksi tutkittiin voiko xylanaasia, amylaasia ja proteaasia sisältävä entsyymiyhdistelmä parantaa vehnä-hernerehujen käyttökelpoisuutta broilereilla. Herneiden energia-arvot ovat hyvät ja niiden aminohapot sulavat hyvin. Hernettä (Karita) voidaan käyttää ainakin 300 g/kg munivien kanojen rehuissa ja ainakin 450 g/kg broilerien rehuissa. Tutkittu entsyymiyhdistelmä paransi vehnän ravintoarvoa dieetissä, mikä näkyi broilerien parempina tuotantotuloksina. Härkäpapujen (Kontu ja Ukko) energia-arvot aminohappojen ohutsuolisulavuudet ovat keskinkertaiset. Lisäksi Kontu härkäpapu sisältää melko paljon haitta-aineiksi lueteltavia tanniineja, visiinia ja konvisiinia. Konnun käyttömäärä on tästä syystä rajoitettava 50 g/kg munivien kanojen rehuissa ja 160 g/kg broilerien rehuissa. Suuremmat härkäpapupitoisuudet (Kontu) dieetissä voivat pienentää munanpainoa, munantuotantoa, lisätä munivien kanojen kuolleisuutta ja heikentää
Published: 2016

4. Tree mortality in the dynamics and management of uneven-aged Norway spruce stands in southern Finland

Author: Lucie Aulus Giacosa, Juha Heikkinen, Sauli Valkonen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Uneven-aged management, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Stand structure, Basal area, Mortality, Silviculture, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 040101 forestry, Picea abies, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Snow, Plant ecology, Stand dynamics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Selection method, Tree (set theory), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: This study focused on tree mortality in spruce-dominated stands managed using the single-tree selection method in southern Finland. Together with regeneration and tree growth, mortality is one of the basic elements of the stand structure and dynamics in selection stands. The study was based on data acquired from a set of 20 permanent experimental plots monitored with repeated measurements for 20 years. The average mortality in the number of stems (N) was 4.45 trees ha−1a−1, in basal area (G) 0.07 m2 ha−1a−1, and in stemwood volume (V) 0.56 m3 ha−1a−1. In relative terms it was 0.50% of N, 0.30% of G and 0.27% of V, respectively. Wind and snow were the most common causes of mortality, while deaths by biotic causes (mammals, insects, pathogens) were extremely rare. Some 6–10% of the total loss in the number of stems and volume was attributable to the loss or removal of trees that sustained serious damage in harvesting. Most of the mortality occurred in the smallest diameter classes of up to 20 cm. Such a high mortality among small trees can have an adverse influence on the sustainability of selection structures if not successfully checked in harvesting and management.
Published: 2020
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5. The chaos in calibrating crop models:Lessons learned from a multi-model calibration exercise

Author: Eckart Priesack, Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens, Heidi Horan, Anne Klosterhalfen, Elisabet Lewan, Marco Moriondo, Emmanuelle Gourdain, Roberto Ferrise, Tobias K. D. Weber, Camilla Dibari, Neil M.J. Crout, Daniel Wallach, Amir Souissi, Jing Wang, Eric Justes, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Benjamin Dumont, Mohamed Jabloun, Niels Schütze, Qi Jing, G. Padovan, Bernardo Maestrini, Steven Hoek, Mingxia Huang, Sebastian Gayler, Giacomo Trombi, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Qunying Luo, Jørgen E. Olesen, Chuang Zhao, Evelyn Wallor, Per-Erik Jansson, Tommaso Stella, Peter J. Thorburn, Santosh Hiremath, Arne Poyda, Thomas Wöhling, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Thomas Gaiser, Sabine J. Seidel, Budong Qian, Vakhtang Shelia, Henrike Mielenz, Afshin Ghahramani, Allard de Wit, Senthold Asseng, Fety Andrianasolo, Bruno Basso, Liujun Xiao, Zvi Hochman, Taru Palosuo, Yan Zhu, Marie Launay, Cécile Garcia, Xenia Specka, Thilo Streck, Lutz Weihermüller, Hasti Nariman Zadeh, Samuel Buis, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Boigneville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Hohenheim, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), China Agricultural University (CAU), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Global Change Research Institute (CAS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Hillridge Technology Pty Ltd, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Kiel University, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Nanjing Agricultural University, Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (Project 7: Stochastic Modelling Framework), funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017), Academy of Finland through projects AICropPro (316172) and DivCSA (316215), National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (31725020), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China Scholarship Council, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Project 1387 under the Canadian Agricultural Partnership, DFG Research Unit FOR 1695 ‘Agricultural Landscapes under Global Climate Change – Processes and Feedbacks on a Regional Scale, U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award no. 2015-68007-23133) and USDA/NIFA HATCH grant N. MCL02368, National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300105), Broadacre Agriculture Initiative, a research partnership between University of Southern Queensland and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Academy of Finland through project AI-CropPro (315896), JPI FACCE MACSUR2 project, funded by the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Policies (D.M. 24064/7303/15 of 6/Nov/2015), Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) through a strategic project BoostIA, BonaRes project 'Soil3' (BOMA 03037514) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2070 – 390732324 EXC (PhenoRob), Project BiomassWeb of the GlobeE programme (Grant number: FKZ031A258B) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany), INRA ACCAF meta-programme, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the funding measure 'Soil as a Sustainable Resource for the Bioeconomy – BonaRes', project 'BonaRes (Module B): BonaRes Centre for Soil Research, subproject B' (grant 031B0511B), and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300205)
Subjects: Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), Process-based models, Model parameters, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, paramètre, Software, F01 - Culture des plantes, Component (UML), Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Calibration, Parameter estimation, Applied Ecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Modélisation des cultures, business.industry, Estimation theory, Ecological Modeling, Toegepaste Ecologie, Calibration recommendations, Experimental data, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, [STAT]Statistics [stat], CHAOS (operating system), Phenology, Calibration Recommendations, Process-based Models, Parameter Estimation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Artificial intelligence, ddc:004, Phénologie, Modèle végétal, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; Calibration, the estimation of model parameters based on fitting the model to experimental data, is among the first steps in many applications of process-based models and has an important impact on simulated values. We propose a novel method of developing guidelines for calibration of process-based models, based on development of recommendations for calibration of the phenology component of crop models. The approach was based on a multi-model study, where all teams were provided with the same data and asked to return simulations for the same conditions. All teams were asked to document in detail their calibration approach, including choices with respect to criteria for best parameters, choice of parameters to estimate and software. Based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the various choices, we propose calibration recommendations that cover a comprehensive list of decisions and that are based on actual practices.
Published: 2021
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6. Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate

Author: Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, V. R. Switsur, Adomas Vitas, Christina E. Reynolds-Henne, Michel Stievenard, Marek Krąpiec, Luigi Todaro, Neil J. Loader, Eloni Sonninen, Gerhard H. Schleser, Martin Weigl, Monique Pierre, Katja Rinne-Garmston, David Frank, Matthias Saurer, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Malgorzata Szymaszek, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Tatiana A. Shestakova, Gerhard Helle, Markus Leuenberger, M. Filot, Hamid Marah, Emmi Hilasvuori, John S. Waterhouse, Kerstin Treydte, Anna Pazdur, Antonio Saracino, Jordi Voltas, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Rupert Wimmer, Valérie Daux, Zdzisław Bednarz, Högne Jungner, Octavi Planells, Maarit Kalela‐Brundin, Rūtilė Pukienė, Angelo Rita, Frank Berninger, Emilia Gutiérrez, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Shestakova, Ta, Voltas, J, Saurer, M, Berninger, F, Esper, J, Andreu-Hayles, L, Daux, V, Helle, G, Leuenberger, M, Loader, Nj, Masson-Delmotte, V, Saracino, Antonio, Waterhouse, J, Schleser, Gh, Bednarz, Z, Boettger, T, Dorado-Liñán, I, Filot, M, Frank, D, Grabner, M, Haupt, M, Hilasvuori, E, Jungner, H, Kalela-Brundin, M, Krąpiec, M, Marah, H, Pawełczyk, S, Pazdur, A, Pierre, M, Planells, O, Pukienė, R, Reynolds-Henne, Ce, Rinne, Kt, Rita, Angelo, Sonninen, E, Stiévenard, M, Switsur, Vr, Szychowska-Krąpiec, E, Szczepanek, M, Todaro, L, Treydte, K, Vitas, A, Weigl, M, Wimmer, R, Gutiérrez, E, Hickler, T., Rinne‐Garmston , Katja T., The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Tree‐Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Department of Geography [Swansea], Swansea University, University of Naples Federico II, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften [Jülich], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Isotope Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‒ UFZ, Halle, Germany, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), School of Geography and Development and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Laboratory of Chronology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Forestry Museum, Lycksele, Sweden, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Laboratoire d'hydrologie isotopique, CNESTEN, Maroc., Chercheur indépendant, Silesian University of Technology, Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, The State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), University of Basilicata, Department of Radioisotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Environmental Research Centre, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania, Holzforschung Austria, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, IFA-Tulln, University of Barcelona, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research [University of Arizona] (LTRR), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Fractionation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Dendroecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Isotope fractionation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Evapotranspiration, ddc:550, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Tree rings, Carbon isotopes, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Tree (data structure), [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, carbon isotopes, climate change, dendroecology, drought stress, European forests, latitudinal gradients, Pinus, Quercus, stomatal control, tree rings, European forests
Abstract: Aim The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio‐temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming. Location Europe and North Africa (30‒70° N, 10° W‒35° E). Time period 1901‒2003. Major taxa studied Temperate and Euro‐Siberian trees. Methods We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and carbon isotope fractionation over the 20th century using a European network consisting of 20 site chronologies. Using indexed tree‐ring widths (TRWi), we assess shifts in the temporal coherence of radial growth across sites (synchrony) for five forest ecosystems (Atlantic, boreal, cold continental, Mediterranean and temperate). We also examine whether TRWi shows variable coupling with leaf‐level gas exchange, inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination of tree‐ring cellulose (Δ13Ci). Results We find spatial autocorrelation for TRWi and Δ13Ci extending over a maximum of 1,000 km among forest stands. However, growth synchrony is not uniform across Europe, but increases along a latitudinal gradient concurrent with decreasing temperature and evapotranspiration. Latitudinal relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci (changing from negative to positive southwards) point to drought impairing carbon uptake via stomatal regulation for water saving occurring at forests below 60° N in continental Europe. An increase in forest growth synchrony over the 20th century together with increasingly positive relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci indicate intensifying impacts of drought on tree performance. These effects are noticeable in drought‐prone biomes (Mediterranean, temperate and cold continental). Main conclusions At the turn of this century, convergence in growth synchrony across European forest ecosystems is coupled with coordinated warming‐induced effects of drought on leaf physiology and tree growth spreading northwards. Such a tendency towards exacerbated moisture‐sensitive growth and physiology could override positive effects of enhanced leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations, possibly resulting in Europe‐wide declines of forest carbon gain in the coming decades. Spanish Government, Grant/Award Number: AGL2015‐68274 ‐C3 ‐3‐R; Sixth Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: EVK2‐2001 ‐00237; Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: COST ‐STSM ‐ECOST ‐STSM ‐FP1304‐140915‐066395 and ERANET‐Mundus program (Grant agreement 20112573)
Published: 2019
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7. Multi-model evaluation of phenology prediction for wheat in Australia

Author: Elisabet Lewan, Xenia Specka, Arne Poyda, Bernardo Maestrini, Liujun Xiao, Amir Souissi, Sabine J. Seidel, Roberto Ferrise, G. Padovan, Steven Hoek, Tobias K. D. Weber, Thilo Streck, Mingxia Huang, Qunying Luo, Niels Schütze, Jørgen E. Olesen, Samuel Buis, Qi Jing, Budong Qian, Yan Zhu, Marie Launay, Allard de Wit, Thomas Wöhling, Sebastian Gayler, Fety Andrianasolo, Eckart Priesack, Bruno Basso, Senthold Asseng, Benjamin Dumont, Heidi Horan, Eric Justes, Thomas Gaiser, Mohamed Jabloun, Giacomo Trombi, Santosh Hiremath, Lutz Weihermüller, Daniel Wallach, Jing Wang, Zvi Hochman, Taru Palosuo, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Marco Moriondo, Vakhtang Shelia, Peter J. Thorburn, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Evelyn Wallor, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens, Neil M.J. Crout, Chuang Zhao, Per-Erik Jansson, Tommaso Stella, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Boigneville], ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Université de Liège - Gembloux, Department Terra & AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Section, Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Food Systems Institute [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), China Agriculture University [Beijing], College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University (CAU), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Ottawa Research and Development Center, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Global Change Research Institute (CAS), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Hillridge Technology Pty Ltd, Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark, Kiel University, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Partenaires INRAE, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricutural University, This work was in part supported by the Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (Project 7: Stochastic Modelling Framework), funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017), the Academy of Finland through projects AI-CropPro (316172 and 315896) and DivCSA (316215) and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) through a strategic project BoostIA, the BonaRes projects 'Soil3' (BOMA 03037514) and 'I4S' (031B0513I) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2070 -390732324, the project BiomassWeb of the GlobeE programme (Grant number: FKZ031A258B) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany), the EU funded SustEs project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797), the INRAE ACCAF metaprogramme, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the funding measure 'Soil as a Sustainable Resource for the Bioeconomy -BonaRes', project 'BonaRes (Module B): BonaRes Centre for Soil Research, subproject B' (grant 031B0511B), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300205), the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (31725020), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the 111 project (B16026), and China Scholarship Council, the Agriculture and AgriFood Canada's Project 1387 under the Canadian Agricultural Partnership, the DFG Research Unit FOR 1695 `Agricultural Landscapes under Global Climate Change -Processes and Feedbacks on a Regional Scale, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award no. 2015-68007-23133) and USDA/NIFA HATCH grant N. MCL02368, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300105), The Broadacre Agriculture Initiative, a research partnership between University of Southern Queensland and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, the JPI FACCE MACSUR2 project, funded by the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Policies (D.M. 24064/7303/15 of 26/Nov/2015). The field work was jointly funded by CSIRO and the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) under the 'Adding Value to GRDC's National Variety Trial Network' project (CSA00027). The order in which the donors are listed is arbitrary., INRAE, Luke Natural Resources Institute Finland, CSIRO, Arvalis Institut du Végétal, University of Florida, Michigan State University, University of Nottingham, University of Liege, University of Florence, Department of Computer Science, Wageningen University and Research Centre, China Agricultural University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Aarhus University, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Technische Universität Dresden, University of Carthage, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Calibration (statistics), Structure uncertainty, 01 natural sciences, F01 - Culture des plantes, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Statistics, Range (statistics), ddc:550, Evaluation, Applied Ecology, Triticum, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Phenology, Toegepaste Ecologie, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Australia, Parameter Uncertainty, Structure Uncertainty, Wheat, technique de prévision, PE&RC, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Incertitude, Phénologie, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, F40 - Écologie végétale, Parameter uncertainty, Benchmark (surveying), Baseline (configuration management), Selection (genetic algorithm), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Modélisation des cultures, cultivar selection [EN], Global change, 15. Life on land, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Stage (hydrology), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Predicting wheat phenology is important for cultivar selection, for effective crop management and provides a baseline for evaluating the effects of global change. Evaluating how well crop phenology can be predicted is therefore of major interest. Twenty-eight wheat modeling groups participated in this evaluation. Model predictions depend not only on model structure but also on the parameter values. This study is thus an evaluation of modeling groups, which choose the structure and fix or estimate the parameters, rather than an evaluation just of model structures. Our target population was wheat fields in the major wheat growing regions of Australia under current climatic conditions and with current local management practices. The environments used for calibration and for evaluation were both sampled from this same target population. The calibration and evaluation environments had neither sites nor years in common, so this is a rigorous evaluation of the ability of modeling groups to predict phenology for new sites and weather conditions. Mean absolute error (MAE) for the evaluation environments, averaged over predictions of three phenological stages and over modeling groups, was 9 days, with a range from 6 to 20 days. Predictions using the multi-modeling group mean and median had prediction errors nearly as small as the best modeling group. For a given modeling group, MAE for the evaluation environments was significantly correlated with MAE for the calibration environments, which suggests that it would be of interest to test ensemble predictors that weight individual modeling groups based on performance for the calibration data. About two thirds of the modeling groups performed better than a simple but relevant benchmark, which predicts phenology by assuming a constant temperature sum for each development stage. The added complexity of crop models beyond just the effect of temperature was thus justified in most cases. Finally, there was substantial variability between modeling groups using the same model structure, which implies that model improvement could be achieved not only by improving model structure, but also by improving parameter values, and in particular by improving calibration techniques.
Published: 2021
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8. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author: André L.C. Franco, Michiel Rutgers, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Thomas W. Crowther, Helen Phillips, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Olaf Schmidt, Matthew W. Warren, Shishir Paudel, Michael B. Wironen, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Basil V. Iannone, Aidan M. Keith, Amy Choi, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Boris Schröder, Olga Ferlian, Jaswinder Singh, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Martin Holmstrup, Geoff H. Baker, Yahya Kooch, Rosa Fernández, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Lindsey Norgrove, Eric Blanchart, Madhav P. Thakur, Felicity Crotty, Steven J. Vanek, Thomas Bolger, Jan Hendrik Moos, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Iñigo Virto, Michael Steinwandter, Kelly S. Ramirez, Veikko Huhta, Ulrich Brose, Michel Loreau, Davorka K. Hackenberger, David J. Russell, Loes van Schaik, Salvador Rebollo, Jonatan Klaminder, Gerardo Moreno, Benjamin Schwarz, Julia Seeber, Yvan Capowiez, David A. Wardle, Bernd Blossey, Franciska T. de Vries, Christoph Emmerling, Robert L. Bradley, Courtland Kelly, Liliana B. Falco, Alexander M. Roth, Michael J. Gundale, Radim Matula, Andrea Dávalos, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Johan Neirynck, Monika Joschko, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Jérôme Mathieu, Adrian A. Wackett, Anne W. de Valença, Elizabeth M. Bach, Daniel R. Lammel, Devin Routh, Madalina Iordache, Luis M. Hernández, Johan Pansu, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Maxim Shashkov, Ehsan Sayad, Martine Fugère, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Mark E. Caulfield, Klaus Birkhofer, Wim H. van der Putten, Iurii M. Lebedev, Alberto Orgiazzi, Miwa Arai, H. Lalthanzara, Raphaël Marichal, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Steven J. Fonte, Maria J. I. Briones, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Nick van Eekeren, Takuo Hishi, Julia Krebs, Joanne M. Bennett, George G. Brown, Birgitta König-Ries, Carlos Fragoso, Victoria Nuzzo, Anna Rożen, Scott R. Loss, Bart Muys, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Radoslava Kanianska, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria Kernecker, Abegail T Fusilero, Sandy M. Smith, Shaieste Gholami, Robin Beauséjour, Mac A. Callaham, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Yiqing Li, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Mujeeb Rahman P, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Erin K. Cameron, Diana H. Wall, Muhammad Rashid, José Antonio Talavera, Matthias C. Rillig, Armand W. Koné, Johan van den Hoogen, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez, Thibaud Decaëns, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Carlos A. Guerra, Guénola Pérès, Volkmar Wolters, Jiro Tsukamoto, Nico Eisenhauer, José Camilo Bedano, Weixin Zhang, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Visa Nuutinen, Joann K. Whalen, Christian Mulder, Sanna T. Kukkonen, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade Positivo, Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Crowther Lab, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR210, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Dept Ciencias Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, DS&OR-Lab, University of Paderborn, Laboratoire d'oncogénétique moléculaire, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Independent, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] (UPNA), McGill University, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université de Leipzig, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leipzig University, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen], Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural technology (LARMAT), College of 80 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi (LARMAT), CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Cornell University [New York], UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional & Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Natural Resources Department, Razi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Soil Physics and Land Management degradation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Friends of the Mississippi River, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Earth Innovation Institute, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, University of Helsinki, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), USDA Forest Service, University of Toronto, Aberystwyth University, Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Kyushu University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Department of Biology, University of Minho [Braga], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin (FU), Senckenberg Research Institute, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cornell University, UMR 1114 'EMMAH', INRA, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Universite, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Research Council, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Wageningen University and Research Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Irish Government, University of Hawaii, U.S. Navy, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Defense (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Austrian Science Fund, Welsh Government, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Kentucky, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), University of Minho, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Earth, Planet, Climate, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Ver de terre, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Soil, Abundance (ecology), FORESTS, 11. Sustainability, DRIVERS, Biomass, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Earth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POPULATION-DENSITY, earthworm, distribution, diversity, pattern, PE&RC, MINHOCAS, Habitat, Plant Production Systems, international, L20 - Écologie animale, Biodiversité, Écosystème, Zone tropicale, Soil biology, Biocénose, Invertebrados, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Zone tempérée, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Animals, Ecosystem, PLANT, Oligochaeta, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Earthworm, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, Species diversity, SHIFTS, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Soil Physics and Land Management, SOIL, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Planet, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, Zoology, Animal Distribution, Models Biological
Abstract: Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., 677232 to N.E.). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); DOB Ecology (T.W.C., J.v.d.H., and D.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); and the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L.). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts and Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT [PICT 2293 (2006)], Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, and SCHA 1719/1-2], CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences; Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14-168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5); Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq; and French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Author contributions: H.R.P.P. led the analysis, data curation, and writing of the original manuscript draft. C.A.G. assisted in analyses and writing of the original manuscript draft. E.K.C. and N.E. revised subsequent manuscript drafts. J.v.d.H., D.R., and T.W.C. provided additional analyses. E.K.C., N.E., and M.P.T. acquired funding for the project. J.K., K.B.G., B.S., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., and G.B. contributed to data curation. H.R.P.P., C.A.G., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., G.B., O.F., A.O., E.M.B., J.B., U.B., T.D., F.T.d.V., B.K.-R., M.L., J.M., C.M., W.H.v.d.P., K.S.R., M.C.R., D.R., M.R., M.P.T., D.H.W., D.A.W., E.K.C., and N.E. contributed to the project conceptualization. All authors reviewed and edited the final draft manuscript. The majority of the authors provided data for the analyses. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data and analysis code are available on the iDiv Data repository (DOI: 10.25829/idiv.1804-5-2593) and GitHub (https://github.com/helenphillips/GlobalEWDiversity; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386456).
Published: 2019
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9. Invited review: Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques

Author: Michael Kreuzer, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Angela Schwarm, Pierre Noziere, Alexander N. Hristov, Ali R. Bayat, Jan Dijkstra, Pekka Huhtanen, Mark McGee, André Bannink, Ermias Kebreab, K. J. Shingfield, Christopher K. Reynolds, Zhongtang Yu, Les A. Crompton, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Reading (UOR), Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Animal Nutrition Group, University of California, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2014-67003-21979 NH00616-R, Department of Animal Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, INIA (Spain) MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (the Netherlands), GRA project BO-43-003.02.004, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (The Netherlands), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Pennsylvania State University, Federal Office for Agriculture (Switzerland), USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands, INIA, 2014-67003-21979, NH00616-R, MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, and BO-43-003.02.004
Subjects: Nitrogen balance, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Biology, nitrogen, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Rumen, Nutrient, Animal science, Ruminant, Genetics, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Animal nutrition, Animal Husbandry, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Animal Nutrition Sciences, ruminant animal, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ruminants, technique, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Manure, Animal Feed, Diervoeding, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, manure, WIAS, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Essential nutrient, environment, metabolism, Food Science
Abstract: Nitrogen is a component of essential nutrients critical for the productivity of ruminants. If excreted in excess, N is also an important environmental pollutant contributing to acid deposition, eutrophication, human respiratory problems, and climate change. The complex microbial metabolic activity in the rumen and the effect on subsequent processes in the intestines and body tissues make the study of N metabolism in ruminants challenging compared with nonruminants. Therefore, using accurate and precise measurement techniques is imperative for obtaining reliable experimental results on N utilization by ruminants and evaluating the environmental impacts of N emission mitigation techniques. Changeover design experiments are as suitable as continuous ones for studying protein metabolism in ruminant animals, except when changes in body weight or carryover effects due to treatment are expected. Adaptation following a dietary change should be allowed for at least 2 (preferably 3) wk, and extended adaptation periods may be required if body pools can temporarily supply the nutrients studied. Dietary protein degradability in the rumen and intestines are feed characteristics determining the primary AA available to the host animal. They can be estimated using in situ, in vitro, or in vivo techniques with each having inherent advantages and disadvantages. Accurate, precise, and inexpensive laboratory assays for feed protein availability are still needed. Techniques used for direct determination of rumen microbial protein synthesis are laborious and expensive, and data variability can be unacceptably large; indirect approaches have not shown the level of accuracy required for widespread adoption. Techniques for studying postruminal digestion and absorption of nitrogenous compounds, urea recycling, and mammary AA metabolism are also laborious, expensive (especially the methods that use isotopes), and results can be variable, especially the methods based on measurements of digesta or blood flow. Volatile loss of N from feces and particularly urine can be substantial during collection, processing, and analysis of excreta, compromising the accuracy of measurements of total-tract N digestion and body N balance. In studying ruminant N metabolism, nutritionists should consider the longer term fate of manure N as well. Various techniques used to determine the effects of animal nutrition on total N, ammonia- or nitrous oxide-emitting potentials, as well as plant fertilizer value, of manure are available. Overall, methods to study ruminant N metabolism have been developed over 150 yr of animal nutrition research, but many of them are laborious and impractical for application on a large number of animals. The increasing environmental concerns associated with livestock production systems necessitate more accurate and reliable methods to determine manure N emissions in the context of feed composition and ruminant N metabolism., The authors acknowledge support for preparation of this manuscript by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, grant/award number: 2014-67003-21979, NH00616-R, the Department of Animal Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University; the Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture, INIA (Spain, project MIT01-GLOBALNETEEZ); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); and Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (the Netherlands), GRA project BO-43-003.02.004
Published: 2019
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10. Impact of high throughput phenotyping on estimation of genetic parameters

Author: Kärkkäinen, Katri, Pâques, Luc, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Trees4Future (FP7 284181), Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). FIN., and European Project: 284181,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1,TREES4FUTURE(2011)
Subjects: Reproductive Biology, observation phénologique, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biologie du développement, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, paramètre génétique, Development Biology, plateforme de phénotypage, extractible du bois, bois de cœur, mélèze, phénotypage, variation phénotypique, Biologie de la reproduction, pin sylvestre, propriété physique, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, physique du bois, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

11. Managing forest genetic resources for an uncertain future: findings and perspectives from an international conference

Author: Juliette Archambeau, Simone Bianchi, Joukje Buiteveld, Marta Callejas-Díaz, Stephen Cavers, Henrik Hallingbäck, Chedly Kastally, Marina de Miguel, Sven Mutke, Leopoldo Sánchez, Richard Whittet, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Catherine Bastien, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Skogforsk, Uppsala Science Park, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Research [Great Britain], European Project: 773383,B4EST, European Commission, Archambeau, Juliette, Bianchi, Simone, Buiteveld, J., Callejas Díaz, Marta, Cavers, Stephen, Hallingbäck, Henrik, Kastally, Chedly, de Miguel, Marina, Mutke, Sven, Sánchez, Leopoldo, Whittet, Richard, González-Martínez, S. C., and Bastien, Catherine
Subjects: Vegetation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forest management and conservation strategies, Forestry, Horticulture, Forest reproductive material, Forest genetic resources, Genetics, Climate change, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Molecular Biology, Vegetatie, Forest resilience
Abstract: As climate change intensifies, the fate of many of the world’s forests is becoming a major concern. Meanwhile, the European Union (EU) member states have committed to the goal of becoming the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, which will involve the planting of 3 billion additional trees by 2030. This challenge can only be met by robust and efficient management and conservation strategies, based on intense sharing of knowledge and tools among experts, practitioners and policymakers. The B4EST International Conference ‘Managing Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) for an Uncertain Future’, held on 20–23 June 2022 in Lisbon (Portugal), brought together stakeholders from the public and private sectors, researchers and policymakers to explore issues around implementation of sustainable management and conservation of European forests. The conference illustrated the promise of genomic technologies for supporting the tree breeding sector, how Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and Forest Reproductive Material (FRM) could be optimally deployed and play a key role in building climate resilient forests, and the role experts play in the present context of uncertain climate and societal changes., We acknowledge the support of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 773383 (B4EST).
Published: 2023
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12. Genetic analysis of global faba bean diversity, agronomic traits and selection signatures

Author: Cathrine Kiel Skovbjerg, Deepti Angra, Tom Robertson-Shersby-Harvie, Jonathan Kreplak, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère, Sukhjiwan Kaur, Wolfgang Ecke, Alex Windhorst, Linda Kærgaard Nielsen, Andrea Schiemann, Jens Knudsen, Natalia Gutierrez, Vasiliki Tagkouli, Lavinia Ioana Fechete, Luc Janss, Jens Stougaard, Ahmed Warsame, Sheila Alves, Hamid Khazaei, Wolfgang Link, Ana Maria Torres, Donal Martin O’Sullivan, Stig Uggerhøj Andersen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Reading (UOR), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Sejet Planteforædling, Nordic Seed, IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Crops Research, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Open access funding provided by Royal Danish Library. Thework was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programmefor Research & Innovation (grant agreement no. 727312 for theEUCLEG project, the ERA-NET Cofund SusCrop (grant no. 771134),part of the Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security,and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI) for the ProFaba project), InnovationFund Denmark (NORFAB: Protein for the Northern Hemisphere, grantno. 5158-00004B), and UK Research and Innovation for BEANS4N.AFRICA (grant award BB/P023509/1). The VICCI population wasdeveloped under a doctoral project between the University of Readingand Teagasc and was supported by the Irish Department of Agriculture,Food and the Marine (DAFM), under project 14/S/819 (the VirtualIrish Centre for Crop Improvement). The RSBP population was developed with the support of a PhD fellowship to Ahmed Warsame fromthe Islamic Development Bank, European Project: 771134, and European Project: 727312
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetics, General Medicine, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: Key message We identified marker-trait associations for key faba bean agronomic traits and genomic signatures of selection within a global germplasm collection. Abstract Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a high-protein grain legume crop with great potential for sustainable protein production. However, little is known about the genetics underlying trait diversity. In this study, we used 21,345 high-quality SNP markers to genetically characterize 2678 faba bean genotypes. We performed genome-wide association studies of key agronomic traits using a seven-parent-MAGIC population and detected 238 significant marker-trait associations linked to 12 traits of agronomic importance. Sixty-five of these were stable across multiple environments. Using a non-redundant diversity panel of 685 accessions from 52 countries, we identified three subpopulations differentiated by geographical origin and 33 genomic regions subjected to strong diversifying selection between subpopulations. We found that SNP markers associated with the differentiation of northern and southern accessions explained a significant proportion of agronomic trait variance in the seven-parent-MAGIC population, suggesting that some of these traits were targets of selection during breeding. Our findings point to genomic regions associated with important agronomic traits and selection, facilitating faba bean genomics-based breeding.
Published: 2023
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13. Ecophysiological Responses of Nothofagus obliqua Forests to Recent Climate Drying Across the Mediterranean‐Temperate Biome Transition in South‐Central Chile

Author: Rocío Urrutia‐Jalabert, Jonathan Barichivich, Paul Szejner, Vicente Rozas, Antonio Lara, Universidad de Aysén, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), EiFAB-iuFOR, University of Valladolid, and Universidad Austral de Chile
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ecology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Paleontology, Soil Science, Forestry, Aquatic Science, Water Science and Technology
Published: 2023
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14. Simulation of winter wheat response to variable sowing dates and densities in a high-yielding environment

Author: Dueri, Sibylle, Brown, Hamish, Asseng, Senthold, Ewert, Frank, Webber, Heidi, George, Mike, Craigie, Rob, Guarin, Jose Rafael, Pequeno, Diego N.L., Stella, Tommaso, Ahmed, Mukhtar, Alderman, Phillip D., Basso, Bruno, Berger, Andres G., Mujica, Gennady Bracho, Cammarano, Davide, Chen, Yi, Dumont, Benjamin, Rezaei, Ehsan Eyshi, Fereres, Elias, Ferrise, Roberto, Gaiser, Thomas, Gao, Yujing, Garcia-Vila, Margarita, Gayler, Sebastian, Hochman, Zvi, Hoogenboom, Gerrit, Kersebaum, Kurt C., Nendel, Claas, Olesen, Jørgen E., Padovan, Gloria, Palosuo, Taru, Priesack, Eckart, Pullens, Johannes W.M., Rodríguez, Alfredo, Rötter, Reimund P., Ramos, Margarita Ruiz, Semenov, Mikhail A., Senapati, Nimai, Siebert, Stefan, Srivastava, Amit Kumar, Stöckle, Claudio, Supit, Iwan, Tao, Fulu, Thorburn, Peter, Wang, Enli, Weber, Tobias Karl David, Xiao, Liujun, Zhao, Chuang, Zhao, Jin, Zhao, Zhigan, Zhu, Yan, Martre, Pierre, Rebetzke, Greg, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited [Auckland] (Plant & Food Research), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Foundation for Arable Research (FAR), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Earth Institute at Columbia University, Columbia University [New York], International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University = PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (AAUR), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), University of Hohenheim, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Washington State University (WSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Zhejiang University, Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), China Agricultural University (CAU), Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Phase 4 and was supported by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food (INRAE) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) through the International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP, grant IWYP115)., metaprogram Agriculture and forestry in the face of climate change: adaptation and mitigation (CLIMAE) of INRAE, grant-aided support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through Designing Future Wheat [BB/P016855/1] and Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems [NE/N018125/1] jointly funded with NERC, DivCSA project funded by the Academy of Finland (decision no. 316215)., National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31761143006), financial support from BARISTA project (031B0811A) through ERA-NET SusCrop under EU-FACCE JPI, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the BonaRes project ’’I4S’’ (031B0513I), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the BonaRes Project 'Soil3' (FKZ 031B0026A), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic through SustES—Adaption strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/000797), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070 – 390732324', German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017), European Project: 618105,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,FACCE ERA NET PLUS(2013), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, International Wheat Yield Partnership, National Natural Science Foundation of China, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), German Research Foundation, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), and Academy of Finland
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Physiology, Climate Change, sowing date, Plant Science, CHINA, Multi-model Ensemble, New Zealand, Sowing Date, Sowing Density, Tiller Mortality, Tillering, Wheat, Yield Potential, tillering, wheat, USE EFFICIENCY, sowing density, Life Science, Biomass, ADAPTATION, PLANT-DENSITY, Triticum, METAANALYSIS, Multi-model ensemble, WIMEK, CLIMATE-CHANGE, tiller mortality, PRODUCTIVITY, Temperature, CROP MODELS, yield potential, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ROTATION, GROWTH, Water Systems and Global Change, Seasons
Abstract: Crop multi-model ensembles (MME) have proven to be effective in increasing the accuracy of simulations in modelling experiments. However, the ability of MME to capture crop responses to changes in sowing dates and densities has not yet been investigated. These management interventions are some of the main levers for adapting cropping systems to climate change. Here, we explore the performance of a MME of 29 wheat crop models to predict the effect of changing sowing dates and rates on yield and yield components, on two sites located in a high-yielding environment in New Zealand. The experiment was conducted for 6 years and provided 50 combinations of sowing date, sowing density and growing season. We show that the MME simulates seasonal growth of wheat well under standard sowing conditions, but fails under early sowing and high sowing rates. The comparison between observed and simulated in-season fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR) for early sown wheat shows that the MME does not capture the decrease of crop above ground biomass during winter months due to senescence. Models need to better account for tiller competition for light, nutrients, and water during vegetative growth, and early tiller senescence and tiller mortality, which are exacerbated by early sowing, high sowing densities, and warmer winter temperatures., This study was a part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Phase 4 and was supported by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food (INRAE) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) through the International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP, grant IWYP115). SD and PM acknowledge support from the metaprogram Agriculture and forestry in the face of climate change: adaptation and mitigation (CLIMAE) of INRAE. YC and FT acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31761143006). RPR and GBM acknowledge financial support from BARISTA project (031B0811A) through ERA-NET SusCrop under EU-FACCE JPI. KCK was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the BonaRes project ’’I4S’’ (031B0513I). AS and TG acknowledge funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the BonaRes Project “Soil3” (FKZ 031B0026A). KCK and JEO were supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic through SustES—Adaption strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/000797). FE acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070 – 390732324”. TKDW was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017). MAS and NS at Rothamsted Research received grant-aided support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through Designing Future Wheat [BB/P016855/1] and Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems [NE/N018125/1] jointly funded with NERC. TP and FT are supported by the DivCSA project funded by the Academy of Finland (decision no. 316215).
Published: 2022
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15. PPILOW: innovations for improving the welfare of pigs and poultry in low-input and organic farming systems

Author: Rodenburg, T, Niemi, Jarkko, Re, Martina, Coletta, Monica, Tuyttens, Frank A.M., Desaint, Brieuc, Lombard, Sarah, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Thobe, Petra, Carelli, Riccardo, Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (SSSA), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ArMoR cluster, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVEPPILOW is a multiactor project aiming to co-create with end-users innovations for improving the welfare of pigs and poultry in low-input outdoor and organic farming systems. The PPILOW participatory approach involves National Practitioner Groups (NPG) in co-building innovative breeding and rearing strategies and techniques on this purpose. Firstly, the project gathers a comprehensive inventory of the ethical, socio-economic and technical factors that are essential to improve poultry and pig welfare in organic and low-input outdoor production systems, providing a shortlist of potential levers of improvement that are experimentally- and on-farm-tested within the project. The NPGs also co-build and test with PPILOW partners mobile applications for assessing and benchmarking animal welfare status on-farm, and tools for evaluating the sustainability of the tested lever based on the One Welfare concept. METHODS AND RESULTSPPILOW partners organized the participatory approach by setting-up nine NPG dedicated to pig or poultry in six countries. The NPG identified barriers to welfare and levers for improvement, and co-created with partners shared tools and strategies for improving animal welfare to be tested experimentally and on-field. Standardized mobile apps for farmers to self-assess and benchmark on-farm the welfare status of the animals were co-developed (PIGLOW® for pigs) or refined (EBENE® for poultry) with NPG, and made EU-freely available in 9 and 7 European languages, respectively. They are currently being evaluated in longitudinal on-farm studies. Meanwhile, the creation of a data collection framework based on the One Welfare approach centred on both human and animal welfare has been co-created with NPGs. The first experimental strategy focuses on enrichments allowing keeping laying hens and fattening pigs in organic and low-input systems without beak trimming and castration, currently applied to prevent feather pecking and boar taint in meat in laying hens and in pigs, respectively. Studies on alternatives, on the one hand to beak trimming using innovative incubation and insect larvae enrichment in laying hens, and on the other hand to piglet castration through the rearing of entire male pigs with enrichments, have been completed and are currently analyzed. The second strategy explores two strategies for avoiding killing day-old layer male chicks: raising dual-purpose breeds for both egg and meat productions and developing a new in ovo sexing method. Three experimental trials are comparing dual-purpose genotypes in three countries. The ones completed on both males and females showed a high variability of technical performance between genotypes, due to different strategy for crosses, exhibiting less or high layer or meat potentials, and the egg quality results for the different crosses were assessed. On-farm trials have started for enabling the multicriteria evaluation of the use of male genotypes, and the field studies on females have been engaged with voluntary NPG participants. Concerning in-ovo sexing, refinements on methodologies for electrophysical sensing are currently running. The PPILOW project also aims to propose innovative solutions for favouring positive behaviours, health and robustness through an increased adaptation to organic and outdoor systems for laying hens, slow-growing broilers and pigs. Studies with different broiler genotypes have allowed a better understanding of the determinants of exploratory behaviour, showing that ranging behaviour is stable over time and that high-ranging broilers are more prone to work for food than low-rangers. Early management levers for improving resilience are also currently tested, including the experimental use of temperature variations during incubation, and the set-up of on-farm hatching trials with NPG members. Partners working with layers and pigs are developing strategies to limit intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections through different feed supplements, based both on in vitro and in vivo studies. In infected layers, the effect of a feed based on fermented products has been tested. Microbiological, immunological and parasitic profiles were obtained in pigs, and in vitro methods for the screening of plant extracts have been established, showing the high potential of some plants to limit worm infections. Joint protocols are developed and implemented to improve sow welfare and piglet survival through selective breeding and an innovative farrowing house design for outdoor rearing of sows and piglets. These innovative devices are currently tested in pig NPG members’ farms, with a close follow-up by NPG facilitator partners. The most promising PPILOW strategies are evaluated through multicriteria analyses according to the One Welfare concept, and business models are developed.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSPromising results of the project on the limitation of feather pecking in laying hens and aggressive behaviour in non-castrated pigs, of parasite development from pigs reared in low-input farms by the use of plant extracts, and for favouring piglet survival are currently obtained, which could help limiting the use of veterinary products, not only in low-input and organic farms, but also in conventional farms. Ultimately, the PPILOW project will also bring data on the feasibility of using such levers of improvement of pig and poultry health and welfare, and human well-being within the scope of the One Welfare concept. The project PPILOW has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N°816172.
Published: 2023

16. Bioenergy from forests: Impact of logging residues on the carbon and nitrogen cycles

Author: Törmänen, Tiina, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, The Department of Forest Sciences, Doctoral Programme in Sustainable Use of Renewable Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, Uusiutuvien luonnonvarojen kestävän käytön tohtoriohjelma, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, Doktorandprogrammet i hållbart utnyttjande av förnybara naturresurser, Olsson, Bengt, Tiina, Törmänen, and Smolander, Aino
Subjects: metsätieteet
Abstract: Sustainable forest management practices are crucial for minimizing environmental impacts, and to keep forests and the underlying soils healthy to maintain productivity, and to improve adaptability to climate change and mitigate it in the long-term. There, carbon and nitrogen cycling play crucial roles in proper functioning of forest ecosystems. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of logging residues on the early-stage dynamics of the main nitrogen and carbon cycling processes in upland forest soils after final felling. A specific aim was to compare the effects of logging residue piles consisting of different tree species, i.e., Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). A special attention was given to the response of soil to different amounts of residues. The effect of logging residues on soil chemical properties and processes was stronger in the organic layer than in the mineral soil layer. Logging residue piles stimulated carbon and nitrogen cycling, especially net nitrification within the first year after the residue treatment. Subsequently, nitrogen was lost via leaching as nitrate and gaseous emission as nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide fluxes were generally low, although higher in the plots containing logging residues. Spruce residues tended to stimulate nitrous oxide emissions for longer than the residues of the other tree species. Depending on the tree species, nitrous oxide production originated from both autotrophic nitrification and denitrification. Nitrogen concentrations in the soil percolate water already accelerated one year after the establishment of the residue piles. Logging residues increased nitrate and ammonium concentrations, which were highest under birch residues. The effect of logging residue piles on soil was stronger when compared to milder tree species effects. Biological nitrogen fixation activity tended to be higher in branches than in needles or leaves, and higher in coniferous residues. The results of this study raise the importance of more even distribution of logging residues on the forest floor instead of piling them to avoid harmful environmental effects and to maintain soil nutrient balance. The ability of soils to retain nitrogen needs additional attention in forest management practices, especially in boreal areas where nitrogen limits the growth of forests. Metsänhoidon kestävistä käytännöistä tarvitaan tietoa, jotta voidaan minimoida mahdollisia ympäristövaikutuksia ja turvata metsän ja metsämaan elinvoimaisuus. Tiedon avulla voidaan varmistaa metsän tuotoskykyä, auttaa metsiä sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen ja hyödyntämään metsiä myös ilmastonmuutoksen hillinnässä. Erityisesti hiilen ja typen kiertokulku on keskeisessä roolissa metsäekosysteemin toiminnassa. Tämän väitöskirjan yleisenä tavoitteena oli saada tietoa hakkuutähteiden vaikutuksesta metsämaan typen- ja hiilenkierron pääprosessien dynamiikasta ensimmäisinä vuosina päätehakkuun jälkeen. Erityisenä tavoitteena oli verrata eri puulajien eli männyn, kuusen ja rauduskoivun hakkuutähteiden vaikutuksia. Hakkuutähdekasojen vaikutusta maahan määritettiin vertaamalla tuoreita hakkuutähteitä sisältäviä koealoja ja ilman hakkuutähteitä olevia koealoihin keskenään. Kenttäkokeet sijaitsivat kivennäismailla eteläisen Suomen alueella. Hakkuutähteen vaikutus maaperän kemiallisiin ominaisuuksiin ja prosesseihin oli voimakkaampaa orgaanisessa kerroksessa kuin mineraalimaakerroksessa. Hakkuutähteet kiihdyttivät voimakkaasti typen kierron prosesseja jo ensimmäisen vuoden aikana erityisesti niiden hakkuutähdekasojen alla, joissa oli suurin määrä hakkuutähdettä. Tämän seurauksena tapahtui typen hävikkiä kaasumaisina typpioksiduulipäästöinä ja nitraattitypen huuhtoutumisena. Typpioksiduulipäästöt olivat pieniä, mutta kuitenkin korkeampia hakkuutähdekoealoilla. Kuusen hakkuutähteet kiihdyttivät typpioksiduulipäästöjä muita puulajeja pidempään. Maaveden typpipitoisuudet nousivat jo vuoden kuluttua hakkuutähdekasojen perustamisesta. Hakkuutähteet lisäsivät maaveden typen pitoisuuksia voimakkaimmin koivun hakkuutähteiden alta. Kaiken kaikkiaan hakkuutähdekasojen vaikutus maaperään oli voimakkaampaa verrattuna lievempiin puulajivaikutuksiin. Biologista typen sidontaa havaittiin kaikissa hakkuutähdemateriaaleissa ja se oli yleensä voimakkaampaa oksissa kuin neulasissa tai lehdissä ja havupuiden hakkuutähteissä kuin koivun hakkuutähteessä. Hakkuutähteen levittäytyminen, määrä ja hajoamisvaihe sekä metsämaan kasvillisuuden kehitys voivat yhdessä määrittää maaperän hiilen ja typenkierron prosessien ja typen häviöiden dynamiikkaa. Tulokset korostavat hakkuutähteiden tasaisemman levittämisen tärkeyttä metsänpohjalla niiden kasaamisen sijaan. Tasaisella levittämisellä voidaan välttää haitallisia ympäristövaikutuksia ja pitää yllä maaperän ravinnetasapainoa. Typen pysymiseen metsämaassa tulisi kiinnittää enemmän huomiota käytännön metsänhoidon toimenpiteissä erityisesti boreaalisilla alueilla, joilla typpi rajoittaa metsien kasvua.
Published: 2022

17. Evidence for increasing global wheat yield potential

Author: Jose Rafael Guarin, Pierre Martre, Frank Ewert, Heidi Webber, Sibylle Dueri, Daniel Calderini, Matthew Reynolds, Gemma Molero, Daniel Miralles, Guillermo Garcia, Gustavo Slafer, Francesco Giunta, Diego N L Pequeno, Tommaso Stella, Mukhtar Ahmed, Phillip D Alderman, Bruno Basso, Andres G Berger, Marco Bindi, Gennady Bracho-Mujica, Davide Cammarano, Yi Chen, Benjamin Dumont, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Elias Fereres, Roberto Ferrise, Thomas Gaiser, Yujing Gao, Margarita Garcia-Vila, Sebastian Gayler, Zvi Hochman, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Leslie A Hunt, Kurt C Kersebaum, Claas Nendel, Jørgen E Olesen, Taru Palosuo, Eckart Priesack, Johannes W M Pullens, Alfredo Rodríguez, Reimund P Rötter, Margarita Ruiz Ramos, Mikhail A Semenov, Nimai Senapati, Stefan Siebert, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Claudio Stöckle, Iwan Supit, Fulu Tao, Peter Thorburn, Enli Wang, Tobias Karl David Weber, Liujun Xiao, Zhao Zhang, Chuang Zhao, Jin Zhao, Zhigan Zhao, Yan Zhu, Senthold Asseng, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Universidad Austral de Chile, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), KWS Momont SAS, Universitad de Buenos Aires = University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Universitat de Lleida, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University = PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (AAUR), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], University of Hohenheim, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Guelph, Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Washington State University (WSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universität Kassel [Kassel], Zhejiang University, Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Building artificial Intelligence between trust, Responsibility and Decision (BIRD), Department of Complex Systems, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (LORIA - AIS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), China Agricultural University (CAU), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP, Grant IWYP115) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)., IWYP, CIMMYT (Mexico), and the Chilean Technical and Scientific Research Council (CONICYT) by FONDECYT Project 1141048, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 31761143006 and 41571493), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic through SustEs (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/000797), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through Designing Future Wheat (BB/P016855/1) and Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems (NE/N018125/1)., International Wheat Yield Partnership, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK)
Subjects: Crop Population, Crop Model Ensemble, Global Food Security Supplementary Material For This Article Is Available Online, Radiation Use Efficiency, Wheat Potential Yield, Yield Increase, Climate, Global Food Security, crop model ensemble, Grain Number, global food security Supplementary material for this article is available online, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Photosynthesis, yield increase, General Environmental Science, WIMEK, radiation use efficiency, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Spring Wheat, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Letter, wheat potential yield, global food security, Food Demand, ddc, Solar-Radiation, Water Systems and Global Change, Biomass Accumulation
Abstract: Wheat is the most widely grown food crop, with 761 Mt produced globally in 2020. To meet the expected grain demand by mid-century, wheat breeding strategies must continue to improve upon yield-advancing physiological traits, regardless of climate change impacts. Here, the best performing doubled haploid (DH) crosses with an increased canopy photosynthesis from wheat field experiments in the literature were extrapolated to the global scale with a multi-model ensemble of process-based wheat crop models to estimate global wheat production. The DH field experiments were also used to determine a quantitative relationship between wheat production and solar radiation to estimate genetic yield potential. The multi-model ensemble projected a global annual wheat production of 1050 ± 145 Mt due to the improved canopy photosynthesis, a 37% increase, without expanding cropping area. Achieving this genetic yield potential would meet the lower estimate of the projected grain demand in 2050, albeit with considerable challenges., This study was a part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Phase 4. The study was supported by the International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP, Grant IWYP115) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Experiments carried out in Valdivia (Chile) were funded by IWYP, CIMMYT (Mexico), and the Chilean Technical and Scientific Research Council (CONICYT) by FONDECYT Project 1141048. The experimental work conducted at Valdivia by Dr Jaime Herrera (UACh) is appreciated. F T was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 31761143006 and 41571493). K C K was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic through SustEs (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/000797). Rothamsted Research receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through Designing Future Wheat (BB/P016855/1) and Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems (NE/N018125/1).
Published: 2022
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18. Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis benefits from proliferation of embryogenic tissues on filter discs and cold storage of cotyledonary embryos

Author: Sakari Välimäki, Caroline Teyssier, Mikko Tikkinen, Armelle Delile, Nathalie Boizot, Saila Varis, Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter, Tuija Aronen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Regional Development Fund, South Savo Regional Council, Savonlinna municipality A76396, French National Research Agency (ANR), Luxembourg National Research Fund, MINCyT, and European Project: 773324,ForestValue
Subjects: [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Picea abies, desiccation tolerance, forest regeneration material, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Plant Science, somatic embryogenesis, abscisic acid, cold storage, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, sodium dodecyl sulfate, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO), SDS, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, somatic embryogenesis (SE), embryogenic tissue
Abstract: Vegetative propagation opens opportunities for the multiplication of elite tree progeny for forest regeneration material. For conifers such as Norway spruce (Picea abies) the most efficient vegetative propagation method is seed multiplication through somatic embryogenesis. Efficient culture methods are needed for somatic embryogenesis to be commercially viable. Compared to culturing as clumps, filter disc cultures can improve the proliferation of embryogenic tissue (ET) due to more even spread and better developmental synchronization. In this study, ET proliferation on filter discs was compared to proliferation as clumps. The study comprised 28 genotypes in four trials. The benefits of adding a pre-maturation step and the selection of fresh ET for the subculture were evaluated. Pre-maturation on hormone-free media before maturation did not significantly improve embryo yield but improved greenhouse survival from 69% to 80%, although there was high variation between lines. Filter disc cultivation of ET did result in better growth than in clumps but was more dependent on ET selection and the amount of ET than the clump cultivation method. Filter proliferation also favors certain lines. Post-maturation storage can be used to change the storage compound composition of the produced mature embryos. The embryo storage compound profile was analyzed after post-maturation cold storage treatments of 0, 4, 8, 31, and 61 weeks and compared to that of the zygotic embryos. Cold storage made the storage compound profile of somatic embryos closer to that of zygotic embryos, especially regarding the raffinose family oligosaccharides and storage proteins. Sucrose, hexose, and starch content remained higher in somatic embryos even through cold storage. Prolonged storage appeared less beneficial for embryos, some of which then seemed to spontaneously enter the germination process.
Published: 2022
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19. Consumer views on animal welfare and organic and low-input farming: Results from a European survey

Author: Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Heinola, Katriina, Mikkola, Jarmo, Parrott, Patricia, van Vooren, Laura, Kliphuis, Saskia, Thobe, Petra, Zuliani, Anna, Re, Martina, Coletta, Monica, Accotto, Caterina, Ponzio, Raffaella, Alibert, Laurent, Roguet, Christine, Delanoue, Elsa, Cozma, Vasile, Spinu, Marina, Herremans, Sophie, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, BioForum Vlaanderen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Thünen Institute, Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Slow Food Biodiversity, Institut du Porc (IFIP), USAMV, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Fermentation Experts, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

20. The PPILOW project: Innovations improving welfare in low input and organic pig and poultry farms

Author: Collin, Anne, Meloni, Giuditta, Bonnefous, Claire, Re, Martina, van Vooren, Laura, Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Tuyttens, Frank A.M., Graat, Evelien, Vanden Hole, Charlotte, Rodenburg, Tb (bas), Kliphuis, Saskia, Giersberg, Mona, Tavares, Olivia, Desaint, Brieuc, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Pedersen, Lene, Engberg, Ricarda M., Almadani Mohamad, Isam, Carelli, Riccardo, Sciarretta, Marlene, Guilloteau, Laurence, Réhault-Godbert, Sophie, Gautron, Joël, Le Bihan-Duval, Elisabeth, Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine, Berri, Cécile, Guettier, Elodie, Baéza, Elisabeth, Chartrin, Pascal, Bordeau, Thierry, Raynaud, Emilie, Couroussé, Nathalie, Cailleau-Audouin, Estelle, Crochet, Sabine, Tourneur, Léa, Guichaoua, Adrien, van den Brand, Henry, Castellini, Cesare, Reverchon, Maxime, Sourdioux, Michel, Akakpo, Roland, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Schepens, Rene, Almind, Maria, Grenier, Katia, Dubuc, David, Le Lann, Marie-Véronique, Ponzio, Raffaella, Mainardi, Marina, Accotto, Caterina, Coletta, Monica, Guesdon, Vanessa, Leruste, Hélène, Billiard, Bérangère, Ferreira, Vitor Hugo Bessa, Baldinger, Lisa, Pluschke, Helen, Delanoue, Elsa, Laura, Warin, Pertusa, Marion, Stomp, Mathilde, Travel, Angelique, Bouvarel, Isabelle, Germain, Karine, Ravon, Laure, Calandreau, Ludovic, Labas, Valérie, Prunier, Armelle, Merlot, Elodie, Tallet, Céline, Perruchot, Marie-Hélène, Louveau, Isabelle, van Milgen, Jaap, Dessauge, Frederic, Clouard, Caroline, Lebret, Bénédicte, Montagne, Lucile, Faure, Justine, Zuliani, Anna, Venezia, Pietro, Canario, Laurianne, Ferchaud, Stéphane, Cozma, Vasile, Spinu, Marina, Horia Bǎieş, Mihai, Courboulay, Valérie, Roguet, Christine, Gaudré, Didier, Chevillon, Patrick, Alibert, Laurent, Decruyenaere, Virginie, Wavreille, José, Vanggaard, Pia, Vanggaard, Jan, Micheloni, Cristina, Thobe, Petra, Lombard, Sarah, Caillaud, Laura, Bernardet, Nelly, Collet, Julie, Molenaar, Roos, Mattioli, Simona, Hill, Nigel, Cadudal, François, Quentin, Maxime, Leterrier, Christine, Teixeira-Gomes, Ana-Paula, Uzbekova, Svetlana, Maugrion, Emilie, Rocchi, Lucia, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), BioForum Vlaanderen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Les instituts techniques agricoles (Acta), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Fermentation Experts, Équipe Micro et nanosystèmes HyperFréquences Fluidiques (LAAS-MH2F), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe DIagnostic, Supervision et COnduite (LAAS-DISCO), Slow Food Biodiversity, JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, ITAVI, Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SIVtro VSF Italia, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Vanggaard Staldmontage, Harper Adams University, EAAP, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The PPILOW project aims to co-construct innovations to improve Poultry and Pig Welfare in Low-input outdoor and Organic farming systems through a multi-actor approach. PPILOW implements a participatory approach for proposing and studying welfare-improvement levers. It will provide a combination of practical solutions that can be applied at a pan-European level with specific adjustments depending on citizen’s expectations and the target market. The multi-actor approach consists in involving end-users including farmers, breeding companies, feed producers, consumer associations, retailers, advisers, processors, and scientists in National Practitioner Groups (NPG) in six participating countries. PPILOW partners facilitate the groups by connecting NPG at European level, transferring scientific information, interacting with partners engaged in animal experiments, and co-creating innovations rising from NPG-specific demands. They co-build with PPILOW partners welfare self-assessment tools (development of the PIGLOW app for pigs and refinement of the EBENE® app for poultry), and innovative breeding, feeding, and rearing strategies and techniques to improve the welfare of animals. They co-design protocols, test innovations on farm, and disseminate the results. In turn, they receive insights on methods and scientific results, and inputs from other NPG reinforcing the value of the expected outcomes. Approaches focus on avoiding physical damage and the elimination of layer male chicks, on reducing boar taint of intact male pigs, promoting positive behaviours, animal health, and robustness through field studies with pigs and poultry. Multicriteria analyses of the most effective levers of welfare improvement will be performed to evaluate their economic, social, and environmental impacts based on the ‘One Welfare’ concept; economic and business models will also be developed. To ensure the rapid uptake of the project results by end-users, the close involvement of PPILOW’s NPG throughout the EU will ensure disseminationactivities and the facilitation of change. The PPILOW project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement N°816172. www.ppilow.eu.
Published: 2022

21. Perceptions and expectations of practitioners and citizens towards welfare in poultry low input outdoor and organic production systems

Author: Niemi, Jarkko, Parrott, Patricia, Leterrier, Christine, Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Pertusa, Marion, Warin, Laura, Lähtinen, Katja, Heinola, Katriina, Spinu, Marina, Delanoue, Elsa, Re, Martina, Ponzio, Raffaella, Venezia, Pietro, Walley, Keith, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ITAVI, USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Slow Food Biodiversity, SIVtro VSF Italia, WPSA, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

22. Low-input outdoor and organic poultry productions: how to improve animal welfare in these systems ?

Author: Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Parrott, Patricia, Walley, Keith, Re, Martina, Ponzio, Raffaella, Zuliani, Anna, Bas Rodenburg, T., Guesdon, Vanessa, Delanoue, Elsa, Roinsard, Antoine, Warin, Laura, Leterrier, Christine, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), Slow Food Biodiversity, Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Utrecht University [Utrecht], JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), ITAVI, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: welfare, [SCCO]Cognitive science, poultry, organic, practices, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, low-input outdoor
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

23. From genetic gain to economic gain: simulated growth and financial performance of genetically improved Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster planted stands in France, Finland and Sweden

Author: Anssi Ahtikoski, Céline Meredieu, Thomas Perot, Bruno Fady, Annie Raffin, Sandrine Perret, Johan Sonesson, Christophe Orazio, Hernán Serrano-León, Marcus Lindner, European Forest Institute (EFI), EFI Planted Forests Facility, Partenaires INRAE, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Skogforsk Uppsala Science Park, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 676876 as part of the project GenTree, no 773383 as part of the project B4EST), he French Ministry of Agriculture and the Nouvelle Aquitaine region for the European Forest Institute, Planted Forest Facility., European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), and European Project: 773383,CORDIS
Subjects: 040101 forestry, Financial performance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Economic gain, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Europe, %22">Pinus , Geography, Genetic gain, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Forest, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A correction of this article has been published in: Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 94, Issue 3, July 2021, Page 477, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab015; International audience; The translation of genetic gains into economic gains is important for evaluating the impact of using genetically improved forest reproductive material (FRM) in the forest sector. However, fewstudies based on European forests have been published to date. Here, we analyse the stand-level wood production and financial performance of planting genetically improved FRM in even-aged planted forests focusing on four European case studies with advanced breeding programme material and different management contexts: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland, central Sweden and central France, and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in southwestern France. The growth of improved stands was simulated using species-specific growth models by incorporating two levels of expected genetic gains (present and next generations of seed orchards, varying from 7 to 40 per cent depending on the breeding programme) into the estimated mean annual volume increment over a rotation (m3 ha(-1) yr(-1)). For each level of genetic gain, we tested the plantation of improved FRM managed with two silvicultural scenarios (maintaining the standard baseline rotation and thinning regime vs shorter rotation through the earlier achievement of the recommended felling criteria) in comparison with the plantation of the reference unimproved material (absence of genetic gain) managed according to the standard silvicultural regime. The use of improved FRM resulted in a larger financial performance in terms of soil expectation value (SEV (sic) ha(-1), discount rate 3 per cent) than planting unimproved reference material in all case studies and silvicultural scenarios for different wood price contexts (SEV gain from +20 to +190 per cent depending on the genetic and silvicultural context). The challenges associated with the economic assessment of realized gains fromgenetically improved FRM are discussed. We argue that silvicultural guidelines should be adapted to the use of improved FRM in order to gain better financial performance and flexible silvicultural response of planted forests to future environmental and socio-economic changes.
Published: 2021
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24. The GenTree Leaf Collection: Inter‐ and intraspecific leaf variation in seven forest tree species in Europe

Author: Jérémy Marchon, Alan Gray, Sebastian Richter, Christophe Plomion, René Graf, Francesca Bagnoli, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Volker Schneck, Frédéric Bernier, Vladimir L. Semerikov, Henry Bignalet, José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Felix Gugerli, Agathe Hurel, Geir Ostreng, Sandro Morganti, Santiago C. González-Martínez, David López-Quiroga, Luc Puzos, William Brunetto, Raquel Benavides, Damien Bouic, Olivier Ambrosio, Filippos A. Aravanopoulos, Mirko Liesebach, Cristina C. Bastias, Veronique Jorge, Outi Savolainen, Stephen Cavers, Célia Michotey, Bernard Dokhelar, Mehdi Pringarbe, Enja Hollenbach, Camilla Avanzi, Silvio Schueler, José M. García del Barrio, Annie Raffin, Bruno Fady, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Olivier Gilg, Pascal Milesi, Sonja T. Kujala, Nicolas Mariotte, Florian Knutzen, Nicolas Cheval, F. J. Auñón, Céline Lalanne, Marc Villar, Catherine Bastien, Katri Kärkkäinen, Nicolas Poinot, Fernando Del Caño, Jan-Philipp Kappner, Florence Jean, Birte Pakull, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Jørn Henrik Sønstebø, Rémi Dourthe, Ermioni Malliarou, Ivan Scotti, Timo Kumpula, Mariaceleste Labriola, Silvia Matesanz, Bernard Issehuth, Martin Lascoux, Jean Thevenet, Christian Rellstab, Marianne Correard, Ricardo Alía, Johannes Lambertz, Anne Eskild Nilsen, Eva Cremer, Christoph Hartleitner, Darius Danusevičius, Lars Opgenoorth, Fernando Valladares, Arnaud Jouineau, Ana M. Cabanillas‐Saldaña, José Climent, Audrey Albet, Jurata Buchovska, Benjamin Dauphin, Sergio San Segundo, Ilaria Spanu, Antonio Mas, Johan Westin, Eduardo Notivol, Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio, Andrea Piotti, Evangelos Barbas, Robert Kesälahti, Andreas Fera, Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Helge Meischner, Grégoire Le Provost, Eduardo Ballesteros, Tor Myking, Bárbara Carvalho, Jean-Luc Denou, Katrin Heer, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Evangelia V. Avramidou, Norbert Turion, Patrick Fonti, Delphine Grivet, Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Gobierno de Aragon, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Partenaires INRAE, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIECO GmbH & Co KG, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Skogforsk - Swedish Forestry Research Institute, Horizon 2020. Grant Numbers: 676876, 4540-143AP, 6, 0032 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil), European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon, Philipps Universität Marburg, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Population, Phenotypic variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Leaf functional traits, tree species, Fagus sylvatica, leaf functional traits, Leaf economics spectrum, Leaf size, education, intraspecific variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, leaf economics spectrum, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Intraspecific variability, Botany, phenotypic variation, Botanik, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest genetic resources, Quercus petraea, Sample collection, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, European forests, Tree species
Abstract: [Motivation] Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes., [Main types of variable contained] We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13C and 15N in leaves., [Spatial location and grain] We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe., [Time period] Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017., [Major taxa and level of measurement] We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea., [Software format] The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed., All authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 676876 (Project GenTree). Laboratory work was also supported by other projects: COMEDIAS (CGL2017- 83170-R, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), REMEDINAL IV (TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338, Project of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain), SPONFOREST (BIODIVERSA-3, PCIN-2016-055), and International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal 4540-143AP). The Swiss contribution was supported by the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 6.0032. BC was funded by a Scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil).
Published: 2021
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25. Effects of latitude and conspecific plant density on insect leaf herbivory in oak saplings and seedlings

Author: Álvaro Gaytán, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Beatriz Lago-Núñez, Ayco J. M. Tack, Pertti Pulkkinen, Xoaquín Moreira, Bart G. H. Timmermans, Raimo Jaatinen, Bastien Castagneyrol, Pieter De Frenne, Pil U. Rasmussen, Camille Meeussen, Jan P J G Ten Hoopen, Andrea Galmán, Carla Vázquez-González, Nick Bos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Misión Biológica de Galicia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Stockholm University, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), National Research Centre for the Working Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), OneNature Ecology, Partenaires INRAE, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Insecta, media_common.quotation_subject, Density dependence, Context (language use), Plant Science, Insect, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Quercus robur, Quercus, Genetics, Animals, Herbivory, Plant-herbivore interactions, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Abiotic component, Herbivore, Ecology, Plant community, Latitudinal gradients, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, Seedlings, Saplings, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Premise : Abiotic factors and plant species traits have been shown to drive latitudinal gradients in herbivory, and yet, population‐level factors have been largely overlooked within this context. One such factor is plant density, which may influence the strength of herbivory and may vary with latitude.Methods : We measured insect herbivory and conspecific plant density (CPD) of oak (Quercus robur) seedlings and saplings along a 17° latitudinal gradient (2700 km) to test whether herbivory exhibited a latitudinal gradient, whether herbivory was associated with CPD, and whether such an association changed with latitude.Results : We found a positive but saturating association between latitude and leaf herbivory. Furthermore, we found no significant relationship between CPD and herbivory, and such lack of density effects remained consistent throughout the sampled latitudinal gradient.Conclusions : Despite the apparently negligible influence of plant density on herbivory for Q. robur, further research with other plant taxa and in different types of plant communities are needed to investigate density‐dependent processes shaping geographical variation in plant–herbivore interactions.
Published: 2021
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26. Towards smart and sustainable development of modern berry cultivars in Europe

Author: Elisa Senger, Sonia Osorio, Klaus Olbricht, Paul Shaw, Béatrice Denoyes, Jahn Davik, Stefano Predieri, Saila Karhu, Sebastian Raubach, Nico Lippi, Monika Höfer, Helen Cockerton, Christophe Pradal, Ebru Kafkas, Suzanne Litthauer, Iraida Amaya, Björn Usadel, Bruno Mezzetti, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Hansabred [Dresden], The James Hutton Institute, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Cukurova University, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), and The authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement ID: 101000747)
Subjects: consumer preference, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], métadonnées, plant genetic resources, Plant Science, Fragaria, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, génomique, Ressource génétique végétale, image analysis, Genetics, genomics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Humans, amélioration génétique, QK, BreedingValue project, trait/genotype association, Cell Biology, Sustainable Development, metabolomics, Amélioration des plantes, Petits fruits, Propriété organoleptique, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Valeur génétique, Plant Breeding, ddc:580, berry breeding, Fruit, Rubus, Vaccinium, Génotype, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: International audience; Fresh berries are a popular and important component of the human diet. The demand for high-quality berries and sustainable production methods is increasing globally, challenging breeders to develop modern berry cultivars that fulfill all desired characteristics. Since 1994, research projects have characterized genetic resources, developed modern tools for high-throughput screening, and published data in publicly available repositories. However, the key findings of different disciplines are rarely linked together and only a limited range of traits and genotypes has been investigated. The Horizon2020 project BreedingValue will address these challenges by studying a broader panel of strawberry, raspberry and blueberry genotypes in detail, in order to recover the lost genetic diversity that has limited the aroma and flavor intensity of recent cultivars. We will combine metabolic analysis with sensory panel tests and surveys to identify the key components of taste, flavor and aroma in berries across Europe, leading to a high-resolution map of quality requirements for future berry cultivars. Traits linked to berry yields and the effect of environmental stress will be investigated using modern image analysis methods and modeling. We will also use genetic analysis to determine the genetic basis of complex traits for the development and optimization of modern breeding technologies such as molecular marker arrays, genomic selection and genome wide association studies. Finally, the results, raw data and metadata will be made publicly available on the open platform Germinate in order to meet FAIR data principles and provide the basis for sustainable research in the future.
Published: 2022
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27. Consumer expectations on animal welfare in organic and low-input outdoor production: Insights from a consumer survey

Author: Lähtinen, Katja, Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Heinola, Katriina, Harju, Charlotta, Mikkola, Jarmo, Parrott, Patricia, van Vooren, Laura, Kliphuis, Saskia, Zuliani, Anna, Ponzio, Raffaella, Warin, Laura, Herremans, Sophie, Bonnefous, Claire, Cozma, Vasile, Alibert, Laurent, Accotto, Caterina, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Thobe, Petra, Delanoue, Elsa, Collin, Anne, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, BioForum Vlaanderen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], SIVtro VSF Italia, Slow Food Biodiversity, ITAVI, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), The PPILOW project as received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

28. Barriers and levers of enhancing animal welfare in organic and low-input outdoor production: Insights from a supply chain survey

Author: Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Heinola, Katriina, Mikkola, Jarmo, Parrott, Patricia, Bonnefous, Claire, van Vooren, Laura, Kliphuis, Saskia, Zuliani, Anna, Ponzio, Raffaella, Warin, Laura, Herremans, Sophie, Baldinger, Lisa, Coletta, Monica, Re, Martina, Roguet, Christine, Spinu, Marina, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Collin, Anne, Niemi, Jarkko, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioForum Vlaanderen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], SIVtro VSF Italia, Slow Food Biodiversity, ITAVI, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Institut du Porc (IFIP), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Fermentation Experts, The PPILOW project as received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, pig, free range, poultry, Artikkelit, measure, market incentive, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Animal welfare is an essential part of the sustainability of animal production. While low-input farming, such as organic animal production, is often considered animal-friendly, several ways to enhance animal welfare in low-input animal production exist. However, currently there is little information on how farmers and other supply chain actors view different innovations and tools which may influence animal welfare in low-input outdoor and organic production systems. The aim of this study was to examine farmers’ and experts’ reactions to new approaches to pig and poultry production, with special attention to their animal welfare-related measures. The reactions were tested formally in by using a quantitative survey instrument in nine European countries (Finland, UK, France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Romania). In the survey, respondents’ views on production practices and novel measures were asked. These included aspects such as applicability and advantages and disadvantages of various measures such as avoiding mutilations, using dual-purpose or local breeds, or in-ovo sexing. The data included altogether 218 responses from nine countries. Differences between countries were tested and groups of respondents were identified. The results suggest that supply side stakeholders foresee the welfare benefits and some disadvantages of welfare improving measures proposed to them. However, they also indicate that several measures were considered inapplicable despite their benefits. Inadequate financial provisions to adopt a measure was considered as one of the most important reasons for inapplicability of a measure. This may imply either high costs of implementing measures of low market incentives or perceived low demand for animal-friendly products. Other barriers for adopting welfare-friendly measures included farm-specific factors such as limitations imposed by housing. The respondents indicated a high relative preference for feeding, breeding, shelter from predators and the use of vaccines and anti-parasitic treatments to the provision of enrichments and nesting material to pigs, and to mutilations. Farmers agreed that environmental enrichments are important welfare-improving levers and preferred their use in low-input pig and poultry production. Animal breeding-related measures in pig production were perceived quite favorably by supply side stakeholders. Despite their welfare benefits, farmers in some countries had quite high preference towards maintaining castration and tail docking in pig and beak trimming in broiler production as part of their production method.
Published: 2022

29. Understanding technical, ethical & socio-economic barriers and levers for improving poultry and pig welfare in low-input and organic farming systems

Author: Niemi, Jarkko, Tuyttens, Frank A.M., Rocchi, Lucia, Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Heinola, Katriina, Mikkola, Jarmo, Parrott, Patricia, van Vooren, Laura, Kliphuis, Saskia, Baldinger, Lisa, Thobe, Petra, Almadani Mohamad, Isam, Zuliani, Anna, Coletta, Monica, Ponzio, Raffaella, Accotto, Caterina, Alibert, Laurent, Roguet, Christine, Delanoue, Elsa, Cozma, Vasile, Spinu, Marina, Warin, Laura, Re, Martina, Herremans, Sophie, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Harper Adams University, BioForum Vlaanderen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, SIVtro VSF Italia, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Slow Food Italy, Slow Food International, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, ITAVI, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Fermentation Experts, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

30. CAN THE 14C PRODUCTION IN 1055 CE BE AFFECTED BY SN1054?

Author: Fabio Marzaioli, Markku Oinonen, Irina P. Panyushkina, G. Porzio, Filippo Terrasi, Isabella Passariello, Chris Baisan, A. J. T. Jull, Manuela Capano, Ilya Usoskin, G. A. Kovaltsov, Tamás Varga, Pekka Nöjd, Raffaele Buompane, Stepan Poluianov, Mihály Molnár, J Uusitalo, Samuli Helama, Terrasi, F, Marzaioli, F, Buompane, R, Passariello, I, Porzio, G, Capano, M, Helama, S, Oinonen, M, Nöjd, P, Uusitalo, J, T Jull, A J, P Panyushkina, I, Baisan, C, Molnar, M, Varga, T, Kovaltsov, G, Poluianov, S, Usoskin, I, University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, INNOVA SCaRL, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Arizona, Institute for Nuclear Research [Budapest] (ATOMKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Oulu, and University of Helsinki
Subjects: Solar minimum, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, biology, Solar flare, Sequoia, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Magnitude (mathematics), Atmospheric sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Supernova, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Radiocarbon dating, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Annually resolved radiocarbon (14C) measurements on tree rings led to the discovery of abrupt variations in 14C production attributed to large solar flares. We present new results of annual and subannual 14C fluctuations in tree rings from a middle-latitude sequoia (California) and a high-latitude pine (Finland), analyzed for the period 1030–1080 CE, to trace a possible impact of the Crab supernova explosion, occurring during the Oort minimum of solar activity. Our results indicate an increase of Δ14C around 1054/55 CE, which we estimate is higher in magnitude than the cyclic variability due to solar activity at a 2σ significance level. The net signal appears to be synchronized in the studied locations. Several sources of this event are possible including γ-rays from the Crab supernova, an unusually weak solar minimum or a solar energetic particle incident. More data are needed to provide more insight into the origin of this 14C event.
Published: 2020
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31. Resposta de frangos de corte ao consumo de aminoácidos sulfurados e treonina digestíveis: Máximo retorno econômico

Author: Matheus De-Paula Reis, Gabriel Silva-Viana, Mirella Cunha-Melaré, Daniella C. Zanardo-Donato, Nilva Kazue-Sakomura, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Subjects: Amino acid supplementation, Growth performance, economic return, Biology, Gross margin, SF1-1100, Poultry, segmented model, Animal science, Economic return, amino acid supplementation, feed cost, Segmented model, dose-response, growth performance, General Veterinary, Sulfur Amino Acids, poultry, gross margin, Feed cost, Dose-response, Animal culture, Threonine intake, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: espanolAntecedentes: La determinacion de la suplementacion de aminoacidos en las dietas de pollos de engorde, basados solamente en el desempeno productivo no siempre refleja la maxima rentabilidad. Objetivo: Estimar los niveles optimos de treonina (Thr) y aminoacidos azufrados (SAA) en dietas para pollos de engorde basados en un analisis economico. Metodos: Se realizaron dos ensayos tipo dosis-respuesta divididos en tres fases cada uno: inicio (1-14 dias), crecimiento (15-28 dias) y finalizacion (29-42 dias). Quinientos sesenta pollos de engorde machos Cobb 500® se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en siete tratamientos con niveles crecientes de aminoacidos (SAA o Thr) y cuatro repeticiones de 20 aves cada uno. La ganancia de peso (BWG) y el consumo de alimento (FI) fueron utilizados para ajustar un modelo segmentado. El ingreso bruto (GI), costo total de la racion (TFC) y el margen bruto (GM) se calcularon tomando como referencia valores locales. Resultados: Los niveles crecientes de aminoacidos influyeron en la respuesta de BWG y FI en todas las fases evaluadas. Los estimados para maximizar la rentabilidad segun GI y TFC fueron 223, 504 y 975 mg SAA/ave/dia, y 236, 696 y 1,042 mg Thr/ave/dia para las fases de inicio, crecimiento y finalizacion, respectivamente. Conclusion: La variacion de los precios de los AA tuvo solo un ligero efecto sobre el consumo optimo de Thr y aminoacidos azufrados. A pesar de las fluctuaciones del mercado, el enfoque economico aqui expuesto demuestra ser una herramienta util para la eleccion del nivel ideal de inclusion de aminoacidos en la formulacion. EnglishBackground: The determination of amino acid supplements for broiler chicken requirements based on performance does not always reflect maximum profitability. Objective: To estimate the optimal levels of digestible threonine (Thr) and sulfur amino acids (SAA) in diets for broilers based on an economic analysis. Methods: Two dose-response assays were conducted, and each assay was divided into three phases: initial (1-14 days), grower (15-28 days), and finisher (29-42 days). Five hundred and sixty male Cobb 500® broilers were randomly distributed to seven treatments with increasing levels of the amino acid (SAA or Thr), with four replicates and 20 birds each. Bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were used to fit a segmented model. Gross income (GI), total feed costs (TFC) and gross margin (GM) were calculated based on local values. Results:Increasing levels of amino acid elicited a response in BWG and FI for all evaluated phases. The estimates for maximum profit based on GI and TFC were 223, 504, and 975 mg SAA/bird/d, and 236, 696, and 1,042 mg Thr/bird/d in starter, grower and finisher phases, respectively. Conclusion: Varying the AA prices affected only slightly the economic optimal intake of Thr and sulfur amino acids. Despite market fluctuations, the economic approach presented in this study demonstrates to be a helpful tool to choose the ideal inclusion level of amino acids in the feed. portuguesAntecedentes: A determinacao da suplementacao de aminoacidos em frangos de corte baseados somente no desempenho produtivo nem sempre reflete a rentabilidade maxima. Objetivo: Estimar os niveis otimos de treonina (Thr) e aminoacidos sulfurados (SAA) em dietas para frangos de corte com base em uma analise economica. Metodos: Foram realizados dois ensaios dose-resposta, divididos em tres fases cada: inicial (1-14 dias), crescimento (15-28 dias) e final (29-42 dias). Quinhentos e sessenta frangos de corte machos Cobb 500® foram distribuidos aleatoriamente em sete tratamentos, representados por niveis crescentes de aminoacidos (SAA ou Thr), com quatro repeticoes de 20 aves cada. O ganho de peso (BWG) e o consumo de racao (FI) foram utilizados para ajustar um modelo segmentado. A receita bruta (GI), os custos totais de alimentacao (TFC) e a margem bruta (GM) foram calculados com base nos custos locais. Resultados: Os niveis dos aminoacidos influenciaram as respostas de BWG e FI para todas as fases avaliadas. A estimativa para maximo lucro com base em GI e TFC para os ensaios com SAA foram 223, 504 e 975 mg/ave/d; para Thr foram 236, 696 e 1,042 mg/ave/d para as fases inicial, crescimento e final, respectivamente. Conclusao: A variacao dos precos dos AA teve pouca influencia sobre a ingestao economica dos aminoacidos sulfurados e da Thr. Apesar do dinamismo de mercado, a abordagem economica apresentada neste estudo demonstra ser uma ferramenta util para a escolha do nivel de inclusao ideal do aminoacido na racao.
Published: 2020

32. Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research

Author: Katri Kärkkäinen, Tiina M. Mattila, Timo Kumpula, Annika Perry, Chedly Kastally, Dario I. Ojeda, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Sandra Cervantes, Robert Kesälahti, Jaakko S Tyrmi, Alina K. Niskanen, Witold Wachowiak, Matti Haapanen, Komlan Avia, Sonja T. Kujala, Outi Savolainen, Stephen Cavers, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Genomics, Forest Ecology and Management, Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Oulu
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, SELECTION, LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM, Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, SEQUENCE, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, LOCAL ADAPTATION, Genetics, Genetik, NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY, Allele frequency, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, 0303 health sciences, 4112 Forestry, GENETIC-MAP, Botany, Scots pine, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, pedigree, Pinus sylvestris, genetic diversity, single-nucleotide polymorphism, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, POLYMORPHISM, SNP genotyping, CLIMATE, Plant Breeding, Tracheophyta, SYLVESTRIS, Biology and Microbiology, genotyping, Evolutionary biology, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Mendelian inheritance, symbols, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, PATTERNS, 010606 plant biology & botany, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: SummaryScots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of Eurasia and has major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive genome presents a challenge for conducting genome-wide analyses such as association studies and genomic selection. We present a new 50K SNP genotyping array for Scots pine research, breeding programs, and other applications. To select the SNP set, we first genotyped 480 Scots pine samples on a 407 540 SNP screening array, and identified 47 712 high-quality SNPs for the final array (called ‘PiSy50k’). Here, we provide details of the design and testing, as well as allele frequency estimates from the discovery panel, functional annotation, tissue-specific expression patterns, and expression level information for the SNPs or corresponding genes, when available. We validated the performance of the PiSy50k array using samples from breeding populations from Finland and Scotland. Overall, 39 678 (83.2%) SNPs showed low error rates (mean = 0.92%). Relatedness estimates based on array genotypes were consistent with the expected pedigrees, and the amount of Mendelian error was negligible. In addition, array genotypes successfully discriminate Scots pine populations from different geographic origins. The PiSy50k array will be a valuable tool for future genetic studies and forestry applications.Significance statementScots pine is an evolutionary, economically and ecologically impressive coniferous species but its gigantic genome has limited studying e.g. the genetic basis of its functional trait variation. We have developed a genotyping array that facilitates Scots pine genetic research and linking its trait variation to genetic polymorphisms and gene expression levels across the genome.
Published: 2022

33. Herbivory on the pedunculate oak along an urbanization gradient in Europe : Effects of impervious surface, local tree cover, and insect feeding guild

Author: Elena Valdés‐Correcher, Anna Popova, Andrea Galmán, Andreas Prinzing, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Andy G. Howe, Anna Mrazova, Anne‐Maïmiti Dulaurent, Arndt Hampe, Ayco Jerome Michel Tack, Christophe Bouget, Daniela Lupaștean, Deborah Harvey, Dmitry L. Musolin, Gábor L. Lövei, Giada Centenaro, Inge Van Halder, Jonas Hagge, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Juha‐Matti Pitkänen, Julia Koricheva, Katerina Sam, Luc Barbaro, Manuela Branco, Marco Ferrante, Maria Faticov, Markéta Tahadlová, Martin Gossner, Maxime Cauchoix, Michał Bogdziewicz, Mihai‐Leonard Duduman, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Mona C. Bjoern, Nikita A. Mamaev, Pilar Fernandez‐Conradi, Rebecca L. Thomas, Ross Wetherbee, Samantha Green, Slobodan Milanović, Xoaquín Moreira, Yannick Mellerin, Yasmine Kadiri, Bastien Castagneyrol, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint Petersburg University (SPBU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of South Bohemia, Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE), UniLaSalle, Stockholm University, Groupement d'Interêt Public Ecosystèmes Forestiers GIP ECOFOR (GIP ECOFOR ), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of London [London], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Turku, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Coventry University, Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ANR‐10‐LABX‐45, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation BNP Paribas, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), BNP Paribas Foundation, Valdés-Correcher, Elena, Sam, Katerina, Ferrante, Marco, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and Department of Agricultural Sciences
Subjects: impervious surface, local canopy cover, insect herbivory, DIVERSITY, PLANT DEFENSES, HEAT, LEAF HERBIVORY, URBAN, Insect Herbivory, Leaf Miners, citizen science, Impervious Surface, Local Canopy Cover, leaf gallers, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Leaf Gallers, GLOBAL PATTERNS, Ecology, LANDSCAPE CONTEXT, Citizen Science, fungi, FOREST, Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, ABUNDANCE, leaf miners, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Quercus robur, TOP-DOWN
Abstract: 14 páginas, 3 figuras, Urbanization is an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree-associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood. A likely source of variability among studies is the insufficient consideration of intra-urban variability in forest cover. With the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of local canopy cover and percentage of impervious surface on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. We found that the damage caused by chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf-mining and gall-inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing impervious surface around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of impervious surface. In contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect of impervious surface on leaf miners and strengthened its effect on gall inducers. These results show that-just like in non-urban areas-plant-herbivore interactions in cities are structured by a complex set of interacting factors. This highlights that local habitat characteristics within cities have the potential to attenuate or modify the effect of impervious surfaces on biotic interactions., This study was carried out with financial support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Investments for the Future Programme, within the Cluster of Excellence COTE (Continental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability, and governance) (ANR-10-LABX-45) and was further funded by the BNP Paribas Foundation as part of its Climate & Biodiversity Initiative the citizen science project Tree Bodyguards. The authors warmly thank all the young European citizens and their teachers who made this study possible. They also thank the professional scientists who kindly agreed to participate in this study: Alexander Kozel (Belarusian State Technological University and American Psychological Association), Andreas Schuldt (Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, German), Aurélien Sallé (Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE, Université d'Orléans), Chloe Mendiondo and Claire Colliaux (Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark), György Csóka (Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Mátrafüred, Hungary), Lars Opgennoorth (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Ecological Genetics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland), Laurent Augusto (INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Marija Popović (Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia), Mickael Pihain (Research Unit “Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution”, University of Rennes 1/CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France), Olivier Bouriaud (Applied Ecology Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, “Ștefan cel Mare, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania), Stefan K. Müller (Freie evangelische Schule Lörrach), Tomas Roslin (Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Valentin Queloz (Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL), and Vojtech Lanta (Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic). They also thank Michael Scherer-Lorenzen (Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg) for the help during the coordination of the research.
Published: 2022
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34. Stakeholder and consumer views towards animal welfare-enhancing practices in organic pig and poultry production: insights from the PPILOW survey

Author: Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Heinola, Katriina, Mikkola, Jarmo, Parrott, Patricia, van Vooren, Laura, Kliphuis, Saskia, Baldinger, Lisa, Thobe, Petra, Zuliani, Anna, Coletta, Monica, Ponzio, Raffaella, Accotto, Caterina, Alibert, Laurent, Roguet, Christine, Delanoue, Elsa, Cozma, Vasile, Spinu, Marina, Warin, Laura, Re, Martina, Herremans, Sophie, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, BioForum Vlaanderen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, SIVtro VSF Italia, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Slow Food Italy, Slow Food International, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, ITAVI, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Fermentation Experts, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

35. Economic feasibility of interventions targeted at decreasing piglet perinatal and pre-weaning mortality across European countries

Author: Stygar, Anna H., Chantziaras, Ilias, Maes, Dominiek, Aarestrup Moustsen, Vivi, De Meyer, Dimitri, Quesnel, Hélène, Kyriazakis, Ilias, Niemi, Jarkko K., Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), SEGES, Vedanko, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute for Global Food Security [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), and European Project: 613574,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,PROHEALTH(2013)
Subjects: Optimization, Human-animal interaction, SOW REPLACEMENT MODEL, Human-animal, Welfare, interaction, BIOSECURITY, Food Animals, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMS, Veterinary Sciences, HERDS, Neonatal mortality, Behavior, COST, Stillbirth, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, RISK-FACTORS, Housing, Animal Science and Zoology, ANIMAL-WELFARE, Human–animal interaction, HIERARCHICAL MARKOV PROCESS, FARMERS
Abstract: International audience; Background Piglet perinatal and pre-weaning mortality is a welfare problem causing economic losses in pig production. In this study, the effects of housing and management interventions on the economic result of sow enterprises representing six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands and Spain) were tested. Interventions concerned: (1) installing mechanical ventilation, (2) re-designing of the gestation unit, (3) drying and warming newborn piglets, (4) providing enrichment for gestating sows, including high-fiber dietary supplementation and point-source objects, and (5) music provision and backscratching of sows in the farrowing unit. A bio-economic model was used to determine the effects of interventions on economic outcomes during the nursery phase and to calculate a maximum cost of 1%-point reduction in perinatal and pre-weaning mortality, irrespective of the intervention type. Biological parameters were set according to previous observational and experimental studies. Interventions 1–4 were expected to decrease perinatal mortality, defined as stillbirths and deaths occurring within the first 48 h of postnatal life. Intervention 5 was expected to decrease pre-weaning mortality. Interventions increased fixed (1–3) and variable costs (3–5). We hypothesized that housing and management interventions would have a positive economic effect. Results Piglet mortality can be decreased in various ways. Interventions concerning ventilation and re-designing of the gestation unit (1 and 2) were the most beneficial in countries with low housing costs and high perinatal mortality. Drying and warming newborn piglets (3) resulted in varying economic results, with the highest increase in profits obtained in a country with low labor costs and high litter size. Interventions providing sows with enrichment and human–animal interaction (4 and 5) were effective across varying conditions. Regardless of intervention type, policies aiming at 1%-point reduction in perinatal and pre-weaning mortality could cost from €0.2 to €0.5 (average €0.4) and from €0.4 to €0.5 (average €0.5) per piglet, respectively, depending on productions conditions. Conclusions To decrease piglet mortality, farmers should consider low input interventions, such as those targeting appropriate behavior. Our results suggest that providing enrichment or increasing human–animal interaction pays off and brings positive economic result even when piglet mortality is marginally reduced.
Published: 2022
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36. Effect of moderate forced physical activity on behaviour, lameness and osteochondrosis in growing pigs from two divergent lines selected for feed efficiency

Author: A. Boudon, M. Karhapää, H. Siljander-Rasi, E. Cantaloube, L. Brossard, N. Le Floc'h, M.C. Meunier-Salaün, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and European Project: 613574,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,PROHEALTH(2013)
Subjects: Locomotion disorders, Residual feed intake, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Feeding behaviour, Genetics, Production disease
Abstract: International audience; In pig farming, physical constraints and genetic selection for high production are risk factors for the development of leg disorders, such as degraded locomotor activity. Interactions between both factors need to be explored. The study was carried out on two replicates of 80 pure-bred Large White growing-finishing pigs from the 8th generation of two divergent lines selected for low and high residual feed intake (LRFI, HRFI). Each replicate included 40 LRFI pigs and 40 HRFI pigs, housed on partly slatted flooring in a room equipped with a sorter allowing access to electronic self-feeders during two replicates. Ear tags determined the side of the room to which the pigs were oriented after the sorter exit and the distance back to the sorter (short: spontaneous activity, long: forced activity (FA)). Lameness was assessed individually weekly using visual gait scoring. At slaughter (weight of 100 kg), postmortem quantification of osteochondrosis (OC) lesions was performed on both the proximal and distal extremities of the humerus and femur. Low RFI pigs showed a lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001). They also showed lower individual numbers of sorter crossings per day and a lower proportion of standing pigs, which confirmed their lower physical activity. Forced activity clearly increased the number of sorter crossings/d/pig (P < 0.001), and the magnitude of the effect of FA was clearly lower in LRFI pigs than in HRFI pigs. The occurrence of gait was low (less than 9% of recorded scores). The proportion of scores classified as stiffness was higher for LRFI pigs than in HRFI pigs (P < 0.0001). The average lameness score was also higher for LRFI pigs and lower with FA (P < 0.05). The pigs of the LRFI line showed higher OC scores on both the proximal humerus and femur (P < 0.001) and lower OC scores on the distal humerus with surface evaluation (P < 0.05). The carcasses of LRFI pigs were heavier with a higher lean meat percentage (P < 0.001). Most OC scores were unaffected by FA. Only the OC scores of the distal femur (slice method) were higher with increased activity in LRFI pigs, whereas they were lower in HRFI pigs (P < 0.05). Seric biomarkers of cartilage synthesis and degradation were higher for pigs from the LRFI line, but no correlation could be observed between individual OC scores and cartilage biomarker contents.
Published: 2022
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37. Nitrogen isotopic discrimination as a biomarker of between-cow variation in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization for milk production: A meta-analysis

Author: M, Correa-Luna, M, Johansen, P, Noziere, C, Chantelauze, S M, Nasrollahi, P, Lund, M, Larsen, A R, Bayat, L A, Crompton, C K, Reynolds, E, Froidmont, N, Edouard, R, Dewhurst, L, Bahloul, C, Martin, G, Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Reading (UOR), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Adisseo France SAS, FRA, and European Project: 730924,SmartCow
Subjects: Nitrogen Isotopes, Nitrogen, 15N, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, milk nitrogen efficiency, Ruminants, Animal Feed, Diet, meta-analysis, Milk, 15 N, individual variability, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, biomarker, Cattle, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Biomarkers, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Estimating the efficiency of N utilization for milk production (MNE) of individual cows at a large scale is difficult, particularly because of the cost of measuring feed intake. Nitrogen isotopic discrimination (Δ15N) between the animal (milk, plasma, or tissues) and its diet has been proposed as a biomarker of the efficiency of N utilization in a range of production systems and ruminant species. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Δ15N to predict the between-animal variability in MNE in dairy cows using an extensive database. For this, 20 independent experiments conducted as either changeover (n = 14) or continuous (n = 6) trials were available and comprised an initial data set of 1,300 observations. Between-animal variability was defined as the variation observed among cows sharing the same contemporary group (CG; individuals from the same experimental site, sampling period, and dietary treatment). Milk N efficiency was calculated as the ratio between mean milk N (grams of N in milk per day) and mean N intake (grams of N intake per day) obtained from each sampling period, which lasted 9.0 ± 9.9 d (mean ± SD). Samples of milk (n = 604) or plasma (n = 696) and feeds (74 dietary treatments) were analyzed for natural 15N abundance (δ15N), and then the N isotopic discrimination between the animal and the dietary treatment was calculated (Δ15n = δ15Nanimal − δ15Ndiet). Data were analyzed through mixed-effect regression models considering the experiment, sampling period, and dietary treatment as random effects. In addition, repeatability estimates were calculated for each experiment to test the hypothesis of improved predictions when MNE and Δ15N measurements errors were lower. The considerable protein mobilization in early lactation artificially increased both MNE and Δ15N, leading to a positive rather than negative relationship, and this limited the implementation of this biomarker in early lactating cows. When the experimental errors of Δ15N and MNE decreased in a particular experiment (i.e., higher repeatability values), we observed a greater ability of Δ15N to predict MNE at the individual level. The predominant negative and significant correlation between Δ15N and MNE in mid- and late lactation demonstrated that on average Δ15N reflects MNE variations both across dietary treatments and between animals. The root mean squared prediction error as a percentage of average observed value was 6.8%, indicating that the model only allowed differentiation between 2 cows in terms of MNE within a CG if they differed by at least 0.112 g/g of MNE (95% confidence level), and this could represent a limitation in predicting MNE at the individual level. However, the one-way ANOVA performed to test the ability of Δ15N to differentiate within-CG the top 25% from the lowest 25% individuals in terms of MNE was significant, indicating that it is possible to distinguish extreme animals in terms of MNE from their N isotopic signature, which could be useful to group animals for precision feeding.
Published: 2022
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38. A strong mitigation scenario maintains climate neutrality of northern peatlands

Author: Qiu, Chunjing, Ciais, Philippe, Zhu, Dan, Guenet, Bertrand, Chang, Jinfeng, Chaudhary, Nitin, Kleinen, Thomas, Li, Xinyu, Müller, Jurek, Xi, Yi, Zhang, Wenxin, Ballantyne, Ashley, Brewer, Simon, Brovkin, Victor, Charman, Dan, Gustafson, Adrian, Gallego-Sala, Angela, Gasser, Thomas, Holden, Joseph, Joos, Fortunat, Kwon, Min Jung, Lauerwald, Ronny, Miller, Paul, Peng, Shushi, Page, Susan, Smith, Benjamin, Stocker, Benjamin, Sannel, A. Britta K., Salmon, Elodie, Schurgers, Guy, Shurpali, Narasinha, Wårlind, David, Westermann, Sebastian, Kwon, Min, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), European Research Council, ERC: SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, This work was supported by the European Research Council Synergy grant (SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P) and the French State Aid managed by the ANR under the ?Investissements d'avenir? programme (ANR-16-CONV-0003_Cland). ORCHIDEE-PEAT performed simulations using HPC resources from GENCI-TGCC (2020-A0070106328). A.V.G.-S. was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC standard grant no. NE/I012915/1 and no. NE/S001166/1). W.Z. acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS 2016-01201 and Swedish National Space Agency 209/19. N.C. acknowledges funding by the Nunataryuk (EU grant agreement no. 773421) and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (contract no. 2019-01151). LPJ-GUESS_dyn simulations were performed on the supercomputing facilities at the University of Oslo, Norway, and on the Aurora and Tetralith resources of the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the Lund University Centre for Scientific and Technical Computing (Lunarc), project no. 2021/2-61 and no. 2021/2-28, and Link?ping University, project no. snic2020/5-563. A.G. P.A.M. W.Z. B.S. D.W. and N.C. acknowledge support from the strategic research areas Modeling the Regional and Global Earth System (MERGE) and Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate (BECC) at Lund University. P.A.M. and D.W. received financial support from the H2020 CRESCENDO project (grant agreement no. 641816). LPJ-GUESS simulations were enabled by resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at LUNARC partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973. J.M. and F.J. acknowledge financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200020_172476 and no. 200020_200511) and funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 820989 (project COMFORT) and no. 821003 (project 4C). The work reflects only the authors views, the European Commission and their executive agency are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information the work contains. B.G. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 641816 (CRESCENDO) and no. 821003 (4C project). B.D.S was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant no. PCEFP2_181115. T.K. acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) through the PalMod programme (grant no. 01LP1507B and no. 01LP1921A). LPJ-MPI experiments were performed at the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ), using resources from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. N.J.S. acknowledges financial support from Academy of Finland (no. 296887 and no. 334422) and the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (no. VN/28562/2020). J.C. acknowledged support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. 2021QNA6005). D.Z. acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42101090 and no. 41988101). W.Z and G.S. acknowledge support from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF100). C.Q. P.C. D.Z. and B.G. designed the research, C.Q. and P.C. drafted the manuscript, J.C. prepared the climate forcing for ORCHIDEE-PEAT and computed estimates of global and Northern Hemisphere CO2 emissions from ISIMIP2b terrestrial biosphere models, C.Q. N.C. T.K. X.Y.L. J.M. Y.X. and W.Z. performed model simulations, A.V.G.-S. and S.C.B. provided estimates for future peat carbon sink from Gallego-Sala et al.15, all authors contributed to the interpretation of the results and draft revision., ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), European Project: 641816,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,CRESCENDO(2015), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions - College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (PSI), China Agricultural University (CAU), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, University of Utah, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, University of Leicester, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, methane, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, carbon dioxide, carbon-cycle feedback, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, long-term climate change, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, land surface models, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), peatland, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, permafrost
Abstract: Northern peatlands store 300–600 Pg C, of which approximately half are underlain by permafrost. Climate warming and, in some regions, soil drying from enhanced evaporation are progressively threatening this large carbon stock. Here, we assess future CO2 and CH4 fluxes from northern peatlands using five land surface models that explicitly include representation of peatland processes. Under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, northern peatlands are projected to remain a net sink of CO2 and climate neutral for the next three centuries. A shift to a net CO2 source and a substantial increase in CH4 emissions are projected under RCP8.5, which could exacerbate global warming by 0.21°C (range, 0.09–0.49°C) by the year 2300. The true warming impact of peatlands might be higher owing to processes not simulated by the models and direct anthropogenic disturbance. Our study highlights the importance of understanding how future warming might trigger high carbon losses from northern peatlands.
Published: 2022
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39. Whole-genome resequencing of worldwide wild and domestic sheep elucidates genetic diversity, introgression, and agronomically important loci

Author: Lv, Feng-Hua, Cao, Yin-Hong, Liu, Guang-Jian, Luo, Ling-Yun, Lu, Ran, Liu, Ming-Jun, Li, Wen-Rong, Zhou, Ping, Wang, Xin-Hua, Shen, Min, Gao, Lei, Yang, Jing-Quan, Yang, Hua, Yang, Yong-Lin, Liu, Chang-Bin, Wan, Peng-Cheng, Zhang, Yun-Sheng, Pi, Wen-Hui, Ren, Yan-Ling, Shen, Zhi-Qiang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Yu-Tao, Li, Jin-Quan, Salehian-Dehkordi, Hosein, Hehua, Eer, Liu, Yong-Gang, Chen, Jian-Fei, Wang, Jian-Kui, Deng, Xue-Mei, Esmailizadeh, Ali, Dehghani-Qanatqestani, Mostafa, Charati, Hadi, Nosrati, Maryam, Štěpánek, Ondřej, Rushdi, Hossam E., Olsaker, Ingrid, Curik, Ino, Gorkhali, Neena A., Paiva, Samuel R., Caetano, Alexandre R., Ciani, Elena, Amills, Marcel, Weimann, Christina, Erhardt, Georg, Amane, Agraw, Mwacharo, Joram M., Han, Jian-Lin, Hanotte, Olivier, Periasamy, Kathiravan, Johansson, Anna M., Hallsson, Jón H., Kantanen, Juha, Coltman, David W., Bruford, Michael W., Lenstra, Johannes A., Li, Meng-Hua, Nowick, Katja, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Chinese Academy of Sciences, FENG-HUA LV, China Agricultural University, China, YIN-HONG CAO, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China, GUANG-JIAN LIU, Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, China, LING-YUN LUO, China Agricultural University, China, RAN LU, China Agricultural University, China, MING-JUN LIU, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, China, WEN-RONG LI, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, China, PING ZHOU, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, XIN-HUA WANG, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, MIN SHEN, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, LEI GAO, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, JING-QUAN YANG, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, HUA YANG, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, YONG-LIN YANG, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, CHANG-BIN LIU, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, PENG-CHENG WAN, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, YUN-SHENG ZHANG, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, WEN-HUI PI, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, China, YAN-LING REN, Shandong Binzhou Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, China, ZHI-QIANG SHEN, Shandong Binzhou Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, China, FENG WANG, Nanjing Agricultural University, China, YU-TAO WANG, Kashi University, China, JIN-QUAN LI, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China, HOSEIN SALEHIAN-DEHKORDI, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China, EER HEHUA, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China, YONG-GANG LIU, Yunnan Agricultural University, China, JIAN-FEI CHEN, China Agricultural University, China, JIAN-KUI WANG, China Agricultural University, China, XUE-MEI DENG, China Agricultural University, China, ALI ESMAILIZADEH, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, MOSTAFA DEHGHANI-QANATQESTANI, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, HADI CHARATI, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, MARYAM NOSRATI, Payame Noor University, Iran, ONDREJ STEPANEK, State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Czech Republic, HOSSAM E. RUSHDI, Cairo University, Egypt, INGRID OLSAKER, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway, INO CURIK, University of Zagreb, Croatia, NEENA A. GORKHALI, Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Nepal, SAMUEL REZENDE PAIVA, Cenargen, ALEXANDRE RODRIGUES CAETANO, Cenargen, ELENA CIANI, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo 24 Moro, Italy, MARCEL AMILLS, Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain, CHRISTINA WEIMANN, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany, GEORG ERHARDT, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany, AGRAW AMANE, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, JORAM M. MWACHARO, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Ethiopia, JIAN-LIN HAN, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), China, OLIVIER HANOTTE, International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia, KATHIRAVAN PERIASAMY, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Austria, ANNA M. JOHANSSON, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, JON H. HALLSSON, Agricultural University of Iceland, Iceland, JUHA KANTANEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland, DAVID W. COLTMAN, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, MICHAEL W. BRUFORD, Cardiff University, United Kingdom, JOHANNES A. LENSTRA, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and MENG-HUA LI, China Agricultural University, China.
Subjects: Asia, Genome, Sheep, Whole-genome sequences, Genetic Variation, Genetic selection, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Iran, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic diversity, whole-genome sequences, genetic diversity, adaptive introgression, genetic selection, agronomic traits, migration, Europe, Adaptive introgression, Genetics, Animals, Agronomic traits, Molecular Biology, Sheep, Domestic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Migration
Abstract: Domestic sheep and their wild relatives harbor substantial genetic variants that can form the backbone of molecular breeding, but their genome landscapes remain understudied. Here, we present a comprehensive genome resource for wild ovine species, landraces and improved breeds of domestic sheep, comprising high-coverage (∼16.10×) whole genomes of 810 samples from 7 wild species and 158 diverse domestic populations. We detected, in total, ∼121.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, ∼61 million of which are novel. Some display significant (P < 0.001) differences in frequency between wild and domestic species, or are private to continent-wide or individual sheep populations. Retained or introgressed wild gene variants in domestic populations have contributed to local adaptation, such as the variation in the HBB associated with plateau adaptation. We identified novel and previously reported targets of selection on morphological and agronomic traits such as stature, horn, tail configuration, and wool fineness. We explored the genetic basis of wool fineness and unveiled a novel mutation (chr25: T7,068,586C) in the 3′-UTR of IRF2BP2 as plausible causal variant for fleece fiber diameter. We reconstructed prehistorical migrations from the Near Eastern domestication center to South-and-Southeast Asia and found two main waves of migrations across the Eurasian Steppe and the Iranian Plateau in the Early and Late Bronze Ages. Our findings refine our understanding of genome variation as shaped by continental migrations, introgression, adaptation, and selection of sheep., This study was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32061133010, 31825024, 31661143014, and 31972527), the National Key Research and Development Program-Key Projects of International Innovation Cooperation between Governments (2017YFE0117900), the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (152111KYSB20150010), and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (No. 2019QZKK0501), and the Special Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production (Nos. 2018CA001, and 2019CA009, 2020CA001).
Published: 2022

40. Forest trees species shape the biochemistry of soil organic matter under the control of their associated microbial communities

Author: Khalfallah, Fadwa, Dignac, Marie-France, Biron, Philippe, Felbacq, A., de Schrijver, An, Legout, Arnaud, Smolander, Aino, Vanguelova, Elena, Verheyen, Kris, Vesterdal, Lars, Bernd, Zeller, Augusto, Laurent, Buée, Marc, Derrien, Delphine, AUGUSTO, Laurent, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest carbon reservoir on the continents. It contains three to four times more carbon than vegetation. SOM content is particularly high in forest ecosystems, which cover 30% of Europe. The tree species is one of the main factors influencing the storage and biochemistry of soil organic matter, through its litter quality and the species-specific microbial communities.
Published: 2022

41. Lysine and arginine requirements of male and female broiler in the starter, grower, and finisher phase

Author: Bruno Balbino Leme, Gabriel da Silva Viana, Matheus de Paula Reis, Bernardo Rocha Franco Nogueira, Nilva Kazue Sakomura, João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Subjects: Animal science, Starter, Arginine, Dilution technique, Dig, Lysine, Broiler, Amino acids, Ideal protein, Animal Science and Zoology, Biology, Poultry
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Twelve dose-response trials were conducted to estimate lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) requirements of male and female broilers in the starter (1–14 days of age), grower (15–28 days of age), and finisher (29–42 days of age) phase. In each trial, 640 birds were randomly assigned to one of eight treatments (Lys or Arg levels) with four replicates of 20 birds. In Lys trials, for both sexes, digestible (dig) Lys concentration in feeds ranged from 8.73 to 17.5 g/kg in the starter phase, 7.80–15.7 g/kg in the grower phase, and 6.40–12.8 g/kg in the finisher phase. In Arg trials, for both sexes, the dietary dig Arg concentrations investigated ranged from 10.9 to 18.7 g/kg in the starter phase, 8.38 a 16.8 g/kg in the grower phase, and 6.85–13.7 g/kg in the finisher phase. Performance and protein gain (PG) data were fitted to linear-response plateau (LRP), curvilinear-response plateau (CRP), and quadratic polynomial (QP) regression models to estimate the dig Lys and Arg intake required to optimize the responses assessed. For each phase, average daily gain (ADG) was maximized at 0.415, 1.38, 1.79 g dig Lys/day and 0.457, 1.48, and 2.11 g dig Arg/day in male broiler chickens and 0.415, 1.21, and 1.40 g dig Lys/day and 0.446, 1.34, and 1.89 g dig Arg/day in female. For male birds, PG was maximum at 0.496, 1.63, and 1.72 g dig Lys/day, whereas for female birds, maximum values were 0.528, 1.30, and 1.80 g dig Lys/day. In Arg trials, maximum protein gain was reached at 0.518, 1.36, and 2.29 g dig Arg/day in male, and 0.474, 1.28, and 2.03 g Arg/day in female, respectively. The Lys and Arg values reported in this study may be used as a reference to formulate feeds and achieve a maximum response. Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science (FCAV) São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N Production Systems Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science (FCAV) São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N CNPq: 142222/2018-6 FAPESP: 2013/25761-4
Published: 2022

42. Scalable Crop Yield Prediction with Sentinel-2 Time Series and Temporal Convolutional Network

Author: Yli-Heikkila, Maria, Wittke, Samantha, Luotamo, Markku, Puttonen, Eetu, Sulkava, Mika, Pellikka, Petri, Heiskanen, Janne, Klami, Arto, Maanmittauslaitos, National Land Survey of Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Built Environment, University of Helsinki, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: GRAIN-YIELD, crop production statistics, WHEAT YIELD, RANDOM FORESTS, MODEL, remote sensing, LAND-COVER, machine learning, PHENOLOGY, PROGRAM, yield forecasts, time series, CLOUD DETECTION, object-based, SATELLITE, INDEX, agriculture
Abstract: One of the precepts of food security is the proper functioning of the global food markets. This calls for open and timely intelligence on crop production on an agroclimatically meaningful territorial scale. We propose an operationally suitable method for large-scale in-season crop yield estimations from a satellite image time series (SITS) for statistical production. As an object-based method, it is spatially scalable from parcel to regional scale, making it useful for prediction tasks in which the reference data are available only at a coarser level, such as counties. We show that deep learning-based temporal convolutional network (TCN) outperforms the classical machine learning method random forests and produces more accurate results overall than published national crop forecasts. Our novel contribution is to show that mean-aggregated regional predictions with histogram-based features calculated from farm-level observations perform better than other tested approaches. In addition, TCN is robust to the presence of cloudy pixels, suggesting TCN can learn cloud masking from the data. The temporal compositing of information do not improve prediction performance. This indicates that with end-to-end learning less preprocessing in SITS tasks seems viable.
Published: 2022

43. Welfare issues and potential solutions for laying hens in free range and organic production systems : a review based on literature and interviews

Author: Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Guilloteau, Laurence A, Guesdon, Vanessa, Filliat, Christine, Réhault-Godbert, Sophie, Rodenburg, T Bas, Tuyttens, Frank A M, Warin, Laura, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Baldinger, Lisa, Re, Martina, Ponzio, Raffaella, Zuliani, Anna, Venezia, Pietro, Väre, Minna, Parrott, Patricia, Walley, Keith, Niemi, Jarkko K, Leterrier, Christine, AISS Animal Welfare, Gebhardt-Henrich, Sabine G., Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), VETOPOLE 26, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Ghent University Hospital, Instituut voor Landbouw en Visserijonderzoek, ITAVI, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Slow Food Italy, Slow Food International, Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The PPILOW project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement N°816172., European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019), and AISS Animal Welfare
Subjects: free range, General Veterinary, HELMINTH, HOUSING SYSTEM, pullet, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], poultry, organic, health, POULTRY RED MITE, FERMENTED FEED, KEEL BONE-FRACTURES, veterinary(all), hen, GROWTH-PERFORMANCE, welfare, DERMANYSSUS-GALLINAE, INFECTIONS, EGG, QUALITY, Veterinary Sciences, FEATHER-PECKING BEHAVIOR, ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT
Abstract: International audience; In free-range and organic production systems, hens can make choices according to their needs and desires, which is in accordance with welfare definitions. Nonetheless, health and behavioral problems are also encountered in these systems. The aim of this article was to identify welfare challenges observed in these production systems in the EU and the most promising solutions to overcome these challenges. It is based on a review of published literature and research projects complemented by interviews with experts. We selected EU specific information for welfare problems, however, the selected literature regarding solutions is global. Free range use may increase the risk of infection by some bacteria, viruses and parasites. Preventive methods include avoiding contamination thanks to biosecurity measures and strengthening animals' natural defenses against these diseases which can be based on nutritional means with new diet components such as insect-derived products, probiotics and prebiotics. Phytotherapy and aromatherapy can be used as preventive and curative medicine and vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics and pesticides. Bone quality in pullets and hens prevents keel deviations and is favored by exercise in the outdoor range. Free range use also lead to higher exposure to variable weather conditions and predators, therefore shadow, fences and guard animals can be used to prevent heat stress and predation respectively. Granting a free range provides opportunities for the expression of many behaviors and yet many hens usually stay close to the house. Providing the birds with trees, shelters or attractive plants can increase range use. Small flock sizes, early experiences of enrichment and personality traits have also been found to enhance range use. Severe feather pecking can occur in free range production systems, although flocks using the outdoor area have better plumage than indoors. While many prevention strategies are facilitated in free range systems, the influence of genetics, prenatal and nutritional factors in free range hens still need to be investigated. This review provides information about practices that have been tested or still need to be explored and this information can be used by stakeholders and researchers to help them evaluate the applicability of these solutions for welfare improvement.
Published: 2022
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44. Strategies to mitigate enteric methane emissions by ruminants - a way to approach the 2.0°C target

Author: Claudia Arndt, Alexander N. Hristov, William J. Price, Shelby C. McClelland, Amalia M. Pelaez, Sergio F. Cueva, Joonpyo Oh, André Bannink, Ali R. Bayat, Les A. Crompton, Jan Dijkstra, Maguy A. Eugène, Ermias Kebreab, Michael Kreuzer, Mark McGee, Cécile Martin, Charles J. Newbold, Christopher K. Reynolds, Angela Schwarm, Kevin J. Shingfield, Jolien B. Veneman, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Zhong-tang Yu, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Colorado State University [Pueblo] (CSUPueblo), Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Wageningen Livestock Research, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Reading (UOR), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ruminant livestock enteric fermentation contributes approximately one-third of the global anthropogenic methane (CH 4 ) emissions and is projected to increase significantly to meet the increasing demand for animal-sourced protein. Methane, a short-lived greenhouse gas, needs to be reduced -24 to -47% by 2050 relative to 2010 to meet the 2.0°C target. This study describes the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine effective mitigation strategies. The database included findings from 425 peer-reviewed studies (1963 to 2018). Mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories [animal and feed management, diet formulation, and rumen manipulation (additives and methods used to modify the rumen)] and up to five subcategories (98 total mitigation strategy combinations). A random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, V3.3.070). Five feeding strategies, namely CH 4 inhibitors, oils and fats, oilseeds, electron sinks, and tanniferous forages, decreased absolute CH 4 emissions by on average -21% (range -12 to -35%) and CH 4 emissions per unit of product (CH 4 I; meat or milk) by on average -17% (range -12 to -32%) without negatively affecting animal production (weight gain or milk yield). Furthermore, three strategies, namely decreasing dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio, increasing feeding level, and decreasing grass maturity, decreased CH 4 I by on average -12% (range -9 to -17%) and increased animal production by on average 45% (range 9 to 162%). The latter strategies are central to meeting the increasing demand for animal-sourced food. All strategies, but CH 4 inhibitors, can be implemented now and offer immediate approaches for combating global warming.
Published: 2021

45. Modelling Broiler Requirements for Lysine and Arginine

Author: Nilva Kazue Sakomura, Bruno Balbino Leme, Bernardo Rocha Franco Nogueira, Matheus de Paula Reis, Gabriel da Silva Viana, Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Université Laval, and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Subjects: Dilution technique, Arginine, Veterinary medicine, Lysine, Body weight, Article, factorial approach, Animal science, SF600-1100, medicine, Amino acid intake, dilution technique, chemistry.chemical_classification, efficiency of utilization, amino acids, General Veterinary, Chemistry, Broiler, Factorial approach, Amino acid, QL1-991, Amino acids, Animal Science and Zoology, Efficiency of utilization, medicine.symptom, Zoology, Weight gain
Abstract: Simple Summary Achieving a close balance between amino acids provided by feeds and the estimated requirements of broilers is crucial to increase the economic and environmental efficiency in intensive poultry rearing. The utilization of factorial models to predict amino acid requirements requires previous knowledge of the efficiency with which such amino acids are utilized for growth. This study aimed to investigate broiler responses to lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) and, based on such responses, to estimate the efficiency with which birds utilize both amino acids for growth. Once estimated, the efficiency values were used to develop two factorial models to predict broiler intakes of Lys and Arg. Overall, the utilization efficiencies were calculated as 0.79 and 0.62 for digestible lysine and arginine intake, respectively. Based on such efficiencies, the male and female broiler requirements for digestible lysine and arginine to deposit 1 g of body protein were 94.9 and 92.9 mg, respectively. Abstract Six assays were conducted to investigate male and female broiler responses to standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg). Response data were modeled to estimate the efficiency of utilization (k) of both amino acids and adjust factorial models to predict bird intake for SID Lys and SID Arg. In each assay, 1280 Cobb 500® broilers (640 male and 640 female) were randomly assigned to one of sixteen dietary treatments with four replicates of 20 birds. Dietary treatments consisted of crescent levels of SID Lys or SID Arg based on the dilution technique. The values of k determined for each phase (1- to 14-, 15- to 28-, and 29- to 42-d-old) and sex were contrasted using linear regression with groups (sex and phase). The estimated efficiencies were 0.79 for Lys and 0.62 for Arg, which were unaffected by phase or sex. Factorial models based on body weight and weight gain (M1) and on body and feather protein weight and deposition (M2) were applied to estimate the SID Lys and Arg intake for growth. The amino acid intake based on M2 had a lower error of prediction. Broiler chickens require 94.9 and 92.9 mg/d of SID Lys and SID Arg to deposit 1 g of body protein.
Published: 2021

46. PPILOW Deliverable 1.3 - Characterisation of reactions of the general public and farming sector to new approaches to organic and low-input pig and poultry production

Author: Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Heinola, Katriina, Mikkola, Jarmo, Parrott, Patricia, van Vooren, Laura, Kliphuis, Saskia, Baldinger, Lisa, Thobe, Petra, Zuliani, Anna, Coletta, Monica, Ponzio, Raffaella, Accotto, Caterina, Alibert, Laurent, Roguet, Christine, Delanoue, Elsa, Cozma, Vasile, Spinu, Marina, Warin, Laura, Re, Martina, Herremans, Sophie, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, BioForum Vlaanderen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, SIVtro VSF Italia, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Slow Food Biodiversity, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), ITAVI, USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Fermentation Experts, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The PPILOW project as received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, LUKE, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2021

47. PPILOW: innovations for improving animal welfare and human well-being in low-input outdoor and organic poultry and pig production systems

Author: Lucia Rocchi, Anne Collin, Giuditta Meloni, Claire Bonnefous, Martina Re, Laura van Vooren, An Jamart, Jarkko Niemi, Minna Väre, Katja Lähtinen, Tuyttens, Frank A. M., Mirjan Thys, Evelien Graat, Charlotte Vanden Hole, Tb (bas) Rodenburg, Saskia Kliphuis, Mona Giersberg, Antoine Roinsard, Olivia Tavares, Brieuc Desaint, Sanna Steenfeldt, Pedersen, Lene J., Engberg, Ricarda M., Isam Almadani Mohamad, Riccardo Carelli, Marlene Sciarretta, Andrea Rosati, Guilloteau, Laurence A., Sophie Réhault-Godbert, Joël Gautron, Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval, Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau, Cécile Berri, Alexandre Barbin, Elodie Guettier, Elisabeth Baéza, Pascal Chartrin, Thierry Bordeau, Emilie Raynaud, Nathalie Couroussé, Estelle Cailleau-Audouin, Sabine Crochet, Pauline Bodin, Léa Tourneur, Adrien Guichaoua, Henry van den Brand, Bas Kemp, Cesare Castellini, Maxime Reverchon, Daniel Guemene, Michel Sourdioux, Sophie Brard-Fudulea, Roland Akakpo, Frédérique Renard-Dewinter, Ninfa Rangel Pedersen, Brunsgaard Grete, Rene Schepens, Maria Almind, Stefaan Depraetere, Katia Grenier, David Dubuc, Marie-Véronique Le Lann, Raffaella Ponzio, Marina Mainardi, Caterina Accotto, Monica Coletta, Vanessa Guesdon, Hélène Leruste, Bérangère Billiard, Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira, Keith Walley, Patricia Parrott, Shelley Allan, Lisa Baldinger, Helen Pluschke, Elsa Delanoue, Florence Macherez, Warin Laura, Jonathan Hercule, Marion Pertusa, Mathilde Stomp, Angelique Travel, Isabelle Bouvarel, Karine Germain, Laure Ravon, Ludovic Calandreau, Valérie Labas, Armelle Prunier, Elodie Merlot, Céline Tallet, Marie-Hélène Perruchot, Isabelle Louveau, Milgen, Jaap J., Frederic Dessauge, Caroline Clouard, Marie-Christine Meunier-Salaün, Bénédicte Lebret, Lucile Montagne, Justine Faure, Anna Zuliani, Pietro Venezia, Canario, Laurianne L., Stéphane Ferchaud, Vasile Cozma, Marina Spinu, Mihai Horia Bǎieş, Valérie Courboulay, Christine Roguet, Didier Gaudré, Patrick Chevillon, Laurent Alibert, Virginie Decruyenaere, Sophie Herremans, José Wavreille, Pia Vanggaard, Jan Bro Vanggaard, Cristina Micheloni, Petra Thobe, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), BioForum Vlaanderen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Les instituts techniques agricoles (Acta), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Fermentation Experts, Circular Organics, Équipe Micro et nanosystèmes HyperFréquences Fluidiques (LAAS-MH2F), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe DIagnostic, Supervision et COnduite (LAAS-DISCO), Slow Food Biodiversity, JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Harper Adams University, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, ITAVI, Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SIVtro VSF Italia, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Vanggaard Staldmontage, The PPILOW project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement N°816172., One Welfare CIC, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

48. Leviers d’amélioration du bien-être animal en élevage avicole biologique

Author: Leterrier, Christine, Collin, Anne, Bonnefous, Claire, Niemi, Jarkko, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, SPACE, European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019), Collin, Anne, and PPILOW - Poultry and PIg Low-input and Organic production systems' Welfare (#816172) - PPILOW - - H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience 2019-09-01 - 2024-08-31 - 816172 - VALID
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SCCO] Cognitive science, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2021

49. Organic pig and poultry production: what are the animal welfare challenges?

Author: Bonnefous, Claire, Collin, Anne, Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Parrott, Patricia, Walley, Keith, Re, Martina, Ponzio, Raffaella, Rodenburg, T. Bas, Tallet, Céline, Merlot, Elodie, Montagne, Lucile, Faure, Justine, Guilloteau, Laurence, Guesdon, Vanessa, Leruste, Hélène, Delanoue, Elsa, Alibert, Laurent, Roinsard, Antoine, Warin, Laura, Leterrier, Christine, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Harper Adams University, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), Slow Food Biodiversity, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), ITAVI, This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 816172, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Animal husbandry, Farming Systems
Abstract: International audience; Although organic animal production is based on farming systems that enable a high degree of expression of natural behaviour by the animals, there are still some welfare challenges in such systems. Our study provides a state of the art of practices that could improve animal welfare in organic productions and interviews with key informants have been conducted to identify gaps and opportunities for animal welfare. This study provides a shortlist of practices that could be used to improve animal welfare while taking into account farmer wellbeing and sustainability and so contributing to “One Welfare”.
Published: 2021

50. The multi-actor PPILOW European project: a participative approach to co-build innovations for welfare improvement in organic pig and poultry farms

Author: Micheloni, Cristina, Jamart, An, Re, Martina, van Vooren, Laura, Niemi, Jarkko, Tuyttens, Frank A.M., Rodenburg, Tb (bas), Roinsard, Antoine, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Thobe, Petra, Carelli, Riccardo, Sciarretta, Marlene, Bonnefous, Claire, Bodin, Pauline, Rosati, Andrea, van den Brand, Henry, Rocchi, Lucia, Reverchon, Maxime, Decruyenaere, Virginie, Wavreille, José, Grete, Brunsgaard, Depraetere, Stefaan, Grenier, Katia, Vanggaard, Jan, Ponzio, Raffaella, Guesdon, Vanessa, Leruste, Hélène, Walley, Keith, Cozma, Vasile, Le Bihan-Duval, Elisabeth, Engberg, Ricarda M., Réhault-Godbert, Sophie, Baldinger, Lisa, Thys, Mirjan, Prunier, Armelle, Merlot, Elodie, Tallet, Céline, Montagne, Lucile, Canario, Laurianne, Delanoue, Elsa, Courboulay, Valérie, Hercule, Jonathan, Leterrier, Christine, Latchoumia, Joselle, Laura, Warin, Collin, Anne, Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), BioForum Vlaanderen, Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Les instituts techniques agricoles (Acta), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Fermentation Experts, Circular Organics, Équipe Micro et nanosystèmes HyperFréquences Fluidiques (LAAS-MH2F), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Vanggaard Staldmontage, Slow Food Biodiversity, JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Harper Adams University, USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Institut du Porc (IFIP), ITAVI, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRAE Transfert, The PPILOW project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement N°816172., IFOAM, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

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