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1. Impact of sterile gloving during proximal manipulation of central line catheter hub: the multicenter observational study CleanHandPROX

Author: Sandra Dos Santos, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Mathilde Farizon, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, and Nathalie VAN DER MEE-MARQUET on behalf of the CleanHandPROX collaboration group
Subjects: Central lines, Proximal manipulation, Central venous catheter, Peripherally inserted central catheter, Implantable catheter ports, Asepsis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Patients with central lines face an increased risk of developing bacteremia. Preventing late-onset catheter-related infections relies on implementing various measures during manipulations of the catheter hub of central lines (e.g., during connections, disconnections, blood withdrawals, pulsed rinses, or injections performed at the first connection after the central catheter). French guidelines include, among these measures, the requirement to put on sterile gloves immediately before proximal manipulation to help prevent contamination of the catheter hub during preparation. To our knowledge, no study has reported compliance with wearing sterile gloves during these manipulations, nor the impact of not wearing sterile gloves on the cleanliness of the fingers of healthcare workers (HCWs) just before manipulating the connectors. Methods We conducted a two-part study to assess compliance with sterile gloving and to provide direct microbiological evidence of bacterial contamination on HCWs’ hands immediately before the manipulation of central lines when sterile gloving is not used. First, the use of sterile gloves was observed during proximal manipulations of central lines using a standardized grid. Second, we examined the microbial flora present on the fingers of each observed HCW just before proximal manipulation. Results A total of 260 HCWs from 35 healthcare institutions were observed during proximal manipulation. The HCWs were distributed into three groups: 188 used sterile gloves (72%), 23 used nonsterile gloves (9%), and 49 did not wear gloves (19%). The swabbing of the fingertips revealed microbial cultures from 72 samples (28%). A total of 97 microorganisms were identified, all of which are well-recognized agents responsible for catheter-related bacteremia, predominantly coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 36) and Bacillus sp. (n = 31). Fingertip contamination was lower for HCWs wearing sterile gloves (27/188; 14%) than for those wearing nonsterile gloves (12/23; 52%) or not wearing gloves (33/49; 67%) (p
Published: 2024
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2. Carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales in intensive care unit patients in Mediterranean countries, 2019

Author: Sandra Dos Santos, Seydina M. Diene, Amina Benouda, Khalid Zerouali, Doaa M. Ghaith, Rasha H. El-Mahdy, Sawsan H. M. El Tayeb, Ilhem Boutiba, Adnene Hammami, Remie Chrabieh, Ziad Daoud, Laurent Mereghetti, Patrice Francois, Nathalie Van Der Mee-Marquet, and on behalf of the consortium
Subjects: intensive care unit, carriage, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, colistin-resistant Enterobacterales, Morocco, Tunisia, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: IntroductionThe colonization of patients by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) has been associated with heightened mortality, especially in vulnerable individuals within intensive care units (ICUs). Our study aimed to comprehensively assess CPE prevalence among ICU patients across the Mediterranean region pre-COVID-19, conducting a multicenter prevalence study in the first quarter of 2019.MethodsWe collected clinical data and rectal or fecal samples from 256 ICU patients for CPE testing. Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing on 40 representative CPE strains to document their molecular characteristics.ResultsAmong the 256 patients, CPE was detected in 73 samples (28.5%), with prevalence varying from 3.3 to 69.0% across participating centers. We observed 13 colistin-resistant CPE strains, affecting three ICUs. Genetic analysis revealed highly diverse E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains, predominantly from international high-risk clones. Notably, blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 were the most prevalent carbapenemase genes. Molecular typing uncovered potential patient clusters in six centers. Significantly, longer hospital stays were associated with increased CPE carriage (p
Published: 2024
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3. Ultrasound guidance practices used for the placement of vascular accesses in intensive care units: an observational multicentre study

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Isabelle Duflot, Mathilde Farizon, Agnès Petiteau, and the collaboration group SPIADI
Subjects: Intensive care unit, Ultrasound guidance, Infectious risk, Short-term central venous catheter, Peripheral inserted central catheter, Arterial catheter, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Central catheters expose ICU patients at risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections. A mechanism by which these infections occur is the contamination of the catheter during its insertion if aseptic techniques are not strictly applied. Recent studies suggest that the use of ultrasound guidance (USG) may increase the risk of catheter contamination during insertion. We assessed current practices regarding the use of USG during catheter insertion, with a focus on identifying breaches of the surgical asepsis required for this invasive procedure. Methods In 26 intensive care units, we evaluated the use of USG during catheter insertion, using a questionnaire addressed to intensivists and direct observation of their practices. Results We analyzed 111 questionnaires and 36 observations of intensivists placing catheters. The questionnaires revealed that 88% of intensivists used USG for catheter insertion. Among those using USG, 56% had received specific training, 17% benefited from specific recommendations, 76% marked the insertion site before skin antisepsis, and during catheter insertion, 96% used sterile gel and 100% used a sterile sheath and sterile gloves. We identified potential deviations from strict aseptic technique, including contact between the sheath and the needle (19.4%), handling of the US system during catheter insertion (2.8%), and use of sterile devices, where they were not yet necessary (during the marking site or skin antisepsis), resulting in their contamination at the time of catheter insertion. Conclusions Interventions aimed at ensuring compliance with measures to prevent CRBs should be organized to prevent an increase in infections associated with US-guided catheter insertion.
Published: 2023
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4. Impact of a training strategy on improving compliance of hand hygiene and gloving during the placement of a short peripheral venous catheter: the multicentre study CleanHand4

Author: Mathilde Farizon, Sandra dos Santos, Lucas Richard, Agnès Petiteau, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, and on behalf of the CleanHand4 collaboration group
Subjects: Short peripheral venous catheters, Asepsis, Hand hygiene, Gloving, Improvement of practices, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Patients who have short peripheral venous catheters (PVC) face an elevated risk of developing bloodstream infections. Preventing catheter-related infections relies on implementing multiple measures, including practicing proper hand hygiene (HH) during catheter placement. Methods We conducted a four-part study: (1) an evaluation of HH practices through direct observation of PVC placements, coupled with the study of the microbial flora of the HCWs fingers just before the placement; (2) the development of an educational tool based on the collected observational and microbiological data; (3) the training to the HCWs observed during the first part, using this tool; and (4) the subsequent observation of the trained HCWs to measure the impact of the training on practice improvement. Results Compliant HH was observed in 23.5% of the 647 HCWs observed during PVC placement before training. The microbiological study revealed fewer pathogens on the fingertips of the HCWs practicing compliant HH compared other HCWs (2.6 vs 11,7%; p = 0.003). The comparison of practices before and after training, assessed among 180 HCWs, showed an increase in the proportion of HCWs performing compliant HH (25.0 vs 63.2%; p
Published: 2023
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5. Carbapenem-producing Enterobacteriaceae in mothers and newborns in southeast Gabon, 2022

Author: Sandra Dos Santos, Mesmin Moussounda, Moussa Togola, Evelyne Avoune Nguema, Christiane Matteya, Michelle Bignoumba, Richard Onanga, Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki, Patrice François, and Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenemase, third generation cephalosporins resistance, newborn, Gabon, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: IntroductionInfections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) pose a significant threat, leading to severe morbidity and mortality among newborns.MethodsThis study, conducted at Franceville hospital's maternity and neonatology wards from February 22nd to June 20th, 2022, investigated the prevalence of CPE in 197 parturients and 203 newborns. Rectal swabs were taken from parturients before delivery and from newborns 30 minutes after birth. Blood culture samples were collected if signs of infection were observed in newborns during a 28-day follow-up. A total of 152 environmental samples were obtained, comprising 18 from sinks, 14 from incubators, 27 from cradles, 39 from maternal beds, 14 from tables and desks, four from the two baby scales and 36 from bedside furniture.ResultsNone of the 203 newborns were found to be CPE carriers 30 minutes after delivery. CPE carriage was found in 4.6% of mothers. When comparing colonized and uncolonized parturients, well-established risk factors for CPE carriage, such as recent hospitalization and antibiotic therapy, were more frequently observed among CPE carriers (33.3 vs 10.6% for hospitalization in the past 15 days; 55.5 vs 30.3% for hospitalization during pregnancy, and 55.5 vs 35.1% for antibiotic therapy during pregnancy). Notably, the prevalence of treatment with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was 44.4% in CPE carriers compared to 17.0% in non-carriers. The incidence density of CPE-associated bloodstream infection was 0.49 per 100 newborns, accounting for a fatal case of CPE-associated bacteremia identified in one of the 203 newborns. Seven environmental samples returned positive for CPE (5 sinks and two pieces of furniture). Whole genome sequencing, performed on the 25 CPE isolates, revealed isolates carrying blaNDM-7 (n=10), blaNDM-5 (n=3), blaOXA181 (n=10), blaOXA48 (n=2) or blaOXA244 (n=1), along with genetic traits associated with the ability to cause severe and difficult-to-treat infections in newborns. Core genome comparison revealed nine CPE belonging to three international high-risk clones: E. coli ST410 (four mothers and a sink), two E. coli ST167 (a mother and a piece of furniture), and K. pneumoniae ST307 (a sink and a piece of furniture), with highly similar genetic backgrounds shared by maternal and environmental isolates, suggesting maternal contamination originating from the environment.DiscussionOur study reveals key findings may guide the implementation of infection control measures to prevent nosocomial infections in newborns: the prevalence of CPE carriage in one out of 20 parturients, an infection occurring in one out of 400 newborns, substantial contamination of the care environment, clinical and environmental CPE isolates possessing genetic traits associated with the ability to cause severe and challenging infections, and clonal relationships between clinical and environmental isolates suggesting CPE spread within the wards, likely contributing to the acquisition and colonization of CPE by parturients during pregnancy.
Published: 2024
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6. Strong Biofilm Formation and Low Cloxacillin Susceptibility in Biofilm-Growing CC398 Staphylococcus aureus Responsible for Bacteremia in French Intensive Care Units, 2021

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Sandra Dos Santos, Seydina M. Diene, Isabelle Duflot, Laurent Mereghetti, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Patrice François, and on behalf of the SPIADI Collaborative Group
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, intensive care, CC398, bacteremia, biofilm, cloxacillin, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A prospective 3-month study carried out in 267 ICUs revealed an S. aureus nosocomial bacteremia in one admitted patient out of 110 in adult and pediatric sectors, and in one out of 230 newborns; 242 S. aureus bacteremias occurred during the study, including 7.9% MRSA-bacteremias. In one ICU out of ten, the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and biofilm production of the strains responsible for S. aureus bacteremia were studied. Of the 53 strains studied, 9.4% were MRSA and 52.8% were resistant to erythromycin. MLST showed the predominance of CC398 (37.7% of the strains) followed by CC8 (17.0%), CC45 (13.2%) and CC30 (9.4%). The lukF/S genes were absent from our isolates and tst-1 was found in 9.4% of the strains. Under static conditions and without exposure to glucose, biofilm production was rare (9.4% of the strains, without any CC398). The percentage increased to 62.3% for strains grown in broth supplemented with 1% glucose (including 7 out of 9 CC8 and 17 out of the 20 CC398). Further study of the CC398, including whole genome sequencing, revealed (1) highly frequent patient death within seven days after CC398 bacteremia diagnosis (47.4%), (2) 95.0% of the strains producing biofilm when exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, (3) a stronger biofilm production following exposure to cloxacillin than that observed in broth supplemented with glucose only (p < 0.001), (4) a high minimum biofilm eradication concentration of cloxacillin (128 mg/L) indicating a low cloxacillin susceptibility of biofilm-growing CC398, (5) 95.0% of the strains carrying a ϕSa-3 like prophage and its particular evasion cluster (i.e., yielding chp and scin genes), and (6) 30.0% of the strains carrying a ϕMR11-like prophage and yielding a higher ability to produce biofilm. Our results provide evidence that active surveillance is required to avoid spreading of this virulent staphylococcal clone.
Published: 2022
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7. Cause Analysis of an Infection in Facelift Surgery Due to Mycobacterium chelonae

Author: Marie Decalonne, Emmanuel Lecorche, Estelle Hau, Agnès Petiteau, Célia Moreau, Odile Milan, Philipe Lanotte, Laurent Mereghetti, Emmanuelle Cambau, and Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: Mycobacterium chelonae, WGS, post-surgical infection, tap water, showering, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: We report a post-facelift infection due to Mycobacterium chelonae. An environmental strain recovered from the water supply network of the surgical clinic and the clinical strains were considered non-differentiable using whole genome sequencing. After the unhealed wound's exposure to M. chelonae while showering early at the clinic after surgery, a lasting exposure of the colonized wound to the warm and moist working conditions of a bakery may have been favorable to the infection's development.
Published: 2019
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8. Temperate Prophages Increase Bacterial Adhesin Expression and Virulence in an Experimental Model of Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus aureus From the CC398 Lineage

Author: Floriane Laumay, Anna-Rita Corvaglia, Seydina M. Diene, Myriam Girard, Frank Oechslin, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, José Manuel Entenza, and Patrice François
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, bacteriophages (phages), virulence, infection, adhesion, internalization, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Until 2007, Staphylococcus aureus from clonal complex 398 (CC398) was exclusively associated with livestock species and companion animals. Recently, several studies described the emergence of S. aureus CC398 as etiologies of severe infections in humans living in an animal-free environment. Recent sequencing efforts showed that the mobile genetic elements found in CC398 isolates were specific for each population and enabled differentiation of strains responsible for asymptomatic colonization from strains involved in bloodstream infections. We mobilized prophages from a human CC398 isolate and introduced them into two naïve ancestral isolates devoid of prophages that exclusively colonize animals. These lysogenized ancestral CC398 isolates acquired features related to virulence, such as an increased capacity to adhere to human extracellular matrix proteins and the ability to invade and survive within non-phagocytic cells. Pathogenicity of several clinical isolates from the CC398 lineage as well as ancestral and in vitro lysogenized ancestral counterparts was assessed in a model of infectious endocarditis in rats. Natural and artificial lysogens were not only more invasive than their prophage-free parent but also showed an increased capacity to multiply within aortic vegetations. This study identified prophages as mediators of bacterial virulence in a model of infectious endocarditis, probably through promotion of interaction with extracellular matrix components. Further studies are needed to identify mechanisms leading to promotion of intrinsic virulence.
Published: 2019
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9. 12/111phiA Prophage Domestication Is Associated with Autoaggregation and Increased Ability to Produce Biofilm in Streptococcus agalactiae

Author: Adélaïde Renard, Seydina M. Diene, Luka Courtier-Martinez, Julien Burlaud Gaillard, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Laurent Mereghetti, Roland Quentin, Patrice Francois, and Nathalie Van Der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: Streptococcus agalactiae, phage, autoaggregation, biofilm, pathogenicity, neonate, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: CC17 Streptococcus agalactiae carrying group-A prophages is increasingly responsible for neonatal infections. To investigate the impact of the genetic features of a group-A prophage, we first conducted an in silico analysis of the genome of 12/111phiA, a group-A prophage carried by a strain responsible for a bloodstream infection in a parturient. This revealed a Restriction Modification system, suggesting a prophage maintenance strategy and five ORFs of interest for the host and encoding a type II toxin antitoxin system RelB/YafQ, an endonuclease, an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase MetK, and an StrP-like adhesin. Using the WT strain cured from 12/111phiA and constructing deleted mutants for the ORFs of interest, and their complemented mutants, we demonstrated an impact of prophage features on growth characteristics, cell morphology and biofilm formation. Our findings argue in favor of 12/111phiA domestication by the host and a role of prophage features in cell autoaggregation, glycocalyx and biofilm formation. We suggest that lysogeny may promote GBS adaptation to the acid environment of the vagina, consequently colonizing and infecting neonates.
Published: 2021
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10. Emergence of blaNDM-7–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Gabon, 2016

Author: Mesmin Moussounda, Seydina M. Diene, Sandra Dos Santos, Alain Goudeau, Patrice François, and Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: blaNDM-7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Gabon, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Reports of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Africa remain rare and assess mostly blaOXA-48–producing isolates from Mediterranean countries and South Africa. We identified blaNDM-7–producing Enterobacteriaceae in Gabon in 2016. The isolates contained blaNDM-7 IncX3 plasmids that were unusual and similar to the one described in a colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae SZ04 isolate from China.
Published: 2017
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11. Diversity of prophage DNA regions of Streptococcus agalactiae clonal lineages from adults and neonates with invasive infectious disease.

Author: Mazen Salloum, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Anne-Sophie Valentin-Domelier, and Roland Quentin
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The phylogenetic position and prophage DNA content of the genomes of 142 S. agalactiae (group-B streptococcus, GBS) isolates responsible for bacteremia and meningitis in adults and neonates were studied and compared. The distribution of the invasive isolates between the various serotypes, sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) differed significantly between adult and neonatal isolates. Use of the neighbor-net algorithm with the PHI test revealed evidence for recombination in the population studied (PHI, P = 2.01 × 10(-6)), and the recombination-mutation ratio (R/M) was 6:7. Nevertheless, the estimated R/M ratio differed between CCs. Analysis of the prophage DNA regions of the genomes of the isolates assigned 90% of the isolates to five major prophage DNA groups: A to E. The mean number of prophage DNA fragments amplified per isolate varied from 2.6 for the isolates of prophage DNA group E to 4.0 for the isolates of prophage DNA group C. The isolates from adults and neonates with invasive diseases were distributed differently between the various prophage DNA groups (P < 0.00001). Group C prophage DNA fragments were found in 52% of adult invasive isolates, whereas 74% of neonatal invasive isolates had prophage DNA fragments of groups A and B. Differences in prophage DNA content were also found between serotypes, STs and CCs (P < 0.00001). All the ST-1 and CC1 isolates, mostly of serotype V, belonged to the prophage DNA group C, whereas 84% of the ST-17 and CC17 isolates, all of serotype III, belonged to prophage DNA groups A and B. These data indicate that the transduction mechanisms, i.e., gene transfer from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage, underlying genetic recombination in S. agalactiae species, are specific to each intraspecies lineage and population of strains responsible for invasive diseases in adults and neonates.
Published: 2011
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12. Methicillin-susceptible ST398 Staphylococcus aureus responsible for bloodstream infections: an emerging human-adapted subclone?

Author: Anne-Sophie Valentin-Domelier, Myriam Girard, Xavier Bertrand, Jérémie Violette, Patrice François, Pierre-Yves Donnio, Daniel Talon, Roland Quentin, Jacques Schrenzel, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, and Bloodstream Infection Study Group of the Réseau des Hygiénistes du Centre (RHC)
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In the course of an annual 3-month bloodstream infections (BSI) survey conducted during a four-year period in 31 healthcare institutions located in three noncontiguous French regions, we report 18 ST398 Staphylococcus aureus BSI. ST398 BSI incidence showed a seven-fold increase during the study period (0.002 per 1,000 patient days in 2007 vs. 0.014 in 2010). ST398 BSI isolates differed from the pig-borne multiresistant clone: 17/18 BSI isolates were methicillin susceptible and none was of t011, t034 or t108 pig-borne spa-types. ST398 BSI isolates had homogenous resistance patterns (15/18 with only Ery(r)) and prophagic content (all harboured the hlb-converting Sau3int phage). The clustering of BSI and pig-borne isolates by spa-typing and MLVA, the occurrence of Sau3int phage in BSI isolates and the lack of this phage in pig-borne isolates suggest that the emergence of BSI isolates could have arisen from horizontal transfer, at least of the Sau3int phage, in genetically diverse MSSA ST398 isolates. The acquisition of the phage likely plays a role in the increasing ability of the lysogenic ST398 isolates to colonize human. The mode of acquisition of the non pig-borne ST398 isolates by our 18 patients remains unclear. ST398 BSI were diagnosed in patients lacking livestock exposure and were significantly associated with digestive portals of entry (3/18 [16.7%] for ST398 vs. 19/767 [2.5%] for non ST398 BSI; p = .012). This raises the question of possible foodborne human infections. We suggest the need for active surveillance to study and control the spread of this human-adapted subclone increasingly isolated in the hospital setting.
Published: 2011
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13. Do Contact Precautions Reduce the Incidence of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections? The DPCPYO (Detection and Contact Precautions for Patients With P. aeruginosa) Cluster-Randomized Crossover Trial

Author: Nicolas Maillard, Jérôme Morel, Véronique Derouin, Pascal Cholley, Anne Carricajo, Laurence Drieux-Rouzet, Anne-Sylvie Dumenil, Philippe Berthelot, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Alexandre Boyer, Sandra C. dos Santos, Florence Grattard, C. Slekovec, Roland Quentin, Didier Gruson, Anne-Marie Rogues, Hanaa Benmansour, Anne-Charlotte Tellier, Martine Ferrandière, Antoine Monsel, Bruno Pozzetto, Gilles Capellier, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Eric Diconne, Jérôme Robert, Charlotte Arbelot, Emmanuel Samain, Xavier Bertrand, Frédéric Jacobs, Véronique Dubois, and Christelle Guillet-Caruba
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030501 epidemiology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, Pseudomonas Infections, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cross Infection, Cross-Over Studies, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Hazard ratio, Intensive care unit, Crossover study, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Background The issue of contact precautions as contributory factors for reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infections in intensive care units (ICUs) remains questioned. We evaluated the impact of the addition of contact precautions to standard precautions for Pa-positive patients on incidence of ICU-acquired Pa infections. Methods In this multicenter, cluster-randomized crossover trial, 10 French ICUs were randomly assigned (1:1) to sequence 0–1 (6-month control period [CP]/3-month washout period/6-month intervention period [IP]) or sequence 1–0 (6-month IP/3-month washout period/6-month CP). A surveillance screening program for Pa was implemented. Competing-risks regression models were built with death and discharge without the occurrence of ICU-acquired Pa infection (the primary outcome) as competing events. Models were adjusted for within-ICU correlation and patient- and ICU-level covariates. The Simpson diversity index (SDI) and transmission index (TI) of Pa isolates were derived from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. Results Within recruited ICUs, the cumulative incidence and incidence rate of ICU-acquired Pa infections were 3.38% (55/1625) versus 3.44% (57/1658) and 3.31 versus 3.52 per 1000 patient-days at risk during the CP and IP, respectively. Multivariable models indicated that the intervention did not significantly change the cumulative incidence (subdistribution hazard ratio, .91; 95% confidence interval [CI], .49–1.67; P = .76) or rate (cause-specific hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, .71–2.63; P = .36) of the primary outcome. SDI and TI did not significantly differ between CP and IP. Conclusions The addition of contact precautions to standard precautions for Pa-positive patients with a surveillance screening program does not significantly reduce ICU-acquired Pa infections in non-outbreak situations. Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN92710225.
Published: 2021

14. The Staphylococcus aureus CC398 lineage: An evolution driven by the acquisition of prophages and other mobile genetic elements

Author: Patrice Francois, Hugo Benchetrit, Floriane Laumay, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Anna-Rita Corvaglia, Genomic Research Laboratory [Geneva, Switzerland], Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), supported by subside from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to P.F.) Project 310030_197734, and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Lineage (genetic), Virulence, Review, Biology, QH426-470, medicine.disease_cause, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, prophages, evolution, medicine, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Genetics (clinical), Prophage, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, mobile genetic elements, Staphylococcal Infections, Phenotype, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, CC398, Animals, Domestic, Population Surveillance, Identification (biology), Mobile genetic elements
Abstract: International audience; Among clinically relevant lineages of Staphylococcus aureus, the lineage or clonal complex 398 (CC398) is of particular interest. Strains from this lineage were only described as livestock colonizers until 2007. Progressively, cases of infection were reported in humans in contact with farm animals, and now, CC398 isolates are increasingly identified as the cause of severe infections even in patients without any contact with animals. These observations suggest that CC398 isolates have spread not only in the community but also in the hospital setting. In addition, several recent studies have reported that CC398 strains are evolving towards increased virulence and antibiotic resistance. Identification of the origin and emergence of this clonal complex could probably benefit future large-scale studies that aim to detect sources of contamination and infection. Current evidence indicates that the evolution of CC398 strains towards these phenotypes has been driven by the acquisition of prophages and other mobile genetic elements. In this short review, we summarize the main knowledge of this major lineage of S. aureus that has become predominant in the human clinic worldwide within a single decade.
Published: 2021

15. 12/111phiA Prophage Domestication Is Associated with Autoaggregation and Increased Ability to Produce Biofilm in Streptococcus agalactiae

Author: Julien Gaillard, Laurent Mereghetti, Seydina M. Diene, Roland Quentin, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Patrice Francois, Adélaïde Renard, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Luka Courtier-Martinez, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique [CHRU de Tours] (UNIV Tours), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)-Université de Tours, Service d’Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire de Recherche Génomique, Geneva University Hospital (HUG)-Centre médical universitaire de Genève (CMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, Genomic research lab, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), QH301-705.5, Streptococcus agalactiae, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cell morphology, Microbiology, Article, biofilm, 03 medical and health sciences, Neonate, autoaggregation, Virology, Lysogenic cycle, medicine, phage, Pathogenicity, pathogenicity, Biology (General), Autoaggregation, ORFS, Prophage, 030304 developmental biology, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Biofilm, Toxin-antitoxin system, 3. Good health, Bacterial adhesin, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Phage, neonate, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; CC17 Streptococcus agalactiae carrying group-A prophages is increasingly responsible for neonatal infections. To investigate the impact of the genetic features of a group-A prophage, we first conducted an in silico analysis of the genome of 12/111phiA, a group-A prophage carried by a strain responsible for a bloodstream infection in a parturient. This revealed a Restriction Modification system, suggesting a prophage maintenance strategy and five ORFs of interest for the host and encoding a type II toxin antitoxin system RelB/YafQ, an endonuclease, an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase MetK, and an StrP-like adhesin. Using the WT strain cured from 12/111phiA and constructing deleted mutants for the ORFs of interest, and their complemented mutants, we demonstrated an impact of prophage features on growth characteristics, cell morphology and biofilm formation. Our findings argue in favor of 12/111phiA domestication by the host and a role of prophage features in cell autoaggregation, glycocalyx and biofilm formation. We suggest that lysogeny may promote GBS adaptation to the acid environment of the vagina, consequently colonizing and infecting neonates.
Published: 2021

16. 'A prospective multicentre surveillance study to investigate the risk associated with contaminated sinks in the intensive care unit'- Author's reply

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Surveillance study, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, law.invention, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, law, medicine, Humans, Medical emergency, Prospective Studies, business
Published: 2021

17. Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units

Author: Sylvie Joron, Stéphane Marret, Fabrice Lapeyre, Jérôme Larche, Jacqueline Grando, David Leyssene, Jean Nakhleh, Clarisse Dupin, Tania Foucan, Stéphanie Bordes-Couecou, Géraldine Abadie, Franck Labbe, Marie Kempf, Manuel Petitfrere, Audrey Robine, Marie Decalonne, Chantal Chaplain, Philippe Jouvencel, Florent Goube, Benjamin Cotte, Laurent Villeneuve, Adeline Lacazette, Raoul Baron, Jean-Marc Jellimann, Anne-Sophie Trentesaux, Nathalie Chautemps, Laurent Mereghetti, Olivier Dauwalder, Nicolas Fortineau, Christine Roques Ceschin, Rafik Ben Ammar, Sandra Bourdon, Alain Gravet, Audrey Glanard, Olivier Belmonte, Jacques Gilquin, Arnaud Florentin, Souad Slimani, Annick Lefebvre, Jérôme Guinard, Edith Malpote, Céline Chatelet, Isabelle Bauvin, Alain Lozniewski, Anaëlle Muggeo, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Stéphane Le Vu, Isabelle Ligi, Anne Le Pourhiennec, Christian Cattoen, Olivier Join-Lambert, Bruno Pozetto, Carole De Chillaz, Amine Siali, Pascale Martres, Michel Drancourt, Claire Lesteven, Sandra C. dos Santos, Nadège Bourgeois-Nicolaos, Aude Davy, Claude Olive, Rémi Gimenes, Laure Gibert, Raymond Ruimy, Virginie Morange, Antoine Bouissou, Julien Mourdie, Emmanuelle Bille, Marie-Noëlle Noulard, Vincent Cattoir, Martine Delorme, Dominique Trivier, Luc Desfrere, Hugues Patural, Patrick Barthelemy, Nadia Idri, Florence Lemann, Franck-Olivier Mallaval, Sophie Ketterer-Martinon, Christian Vandenbussche, Pierre Frange, Sylvie Ledru, Mouna Khecharem, Pierre Lureau, Sophie Boyer, Philippe Berthelot, Salma Ben Hadj Yahia, Clément Legeay, Emilie Benabid, Guillaume Menard, Marion Levast-Raffin, Céline Coroller-Bec, Claire Huart, Maryvonne Demasure, Pascal Bolot, Yasmina Berrouane, Hélène Cormier, Pascale Minery, Pascale Penn, Peggy Larroude, Evelyne Werner, Géraldine Gascoin, Virginie Forget, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Stéphanie Soive, Karine Gambarotto, Vanina Ambrogi, Aurore Claudinon, Serge Klosowski, Brigitte Riviere, Véronique Merle, Laura Menvielle, Véronique Faraut-Derouin, Saïd Aberrane, Alain Beuchee, Nolwenn Le Sache, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion], Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre hospitalier de Pau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier de Calais, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque (CHCB), Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier [Valenciennes, Nord], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], GHT de l'Artois, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie [Chambéry], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Clinique du Val d'Ouest, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre hospitalier Saint-Brieuc, Centre Hospitalier Georges Renon [Niort] (CH Georges Renon Niort), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Saint-Brieuc, Interactions Gènes-Risques environnementaux et Effets sur la Santé (INGRES), Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Recherche Environnement Physique de la plante Horticole (EPHOR), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Mulhouse, site du Hasenrain (Mulhouse), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Service de réanimation néonatale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Centre Régional de PharmacoVigilance Nord-Pas-de-Calais [CHU Lille] (CRPV), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) (GHH), Polyclinique Médipôle Saint-Roch [Cabestany], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Aix-Marseille Université - École de médecine (AMU SMPM MED), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales (AMU SMPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de microbiologie [CHU Nancy], Service psychiatrique de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Hôpital Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de bactériologie-virologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Registre EPIMAD, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Hospitalier Artois-Ternois Centre Hospitalier d’Arras, Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA - EPIS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), ELSAN Polyclinique Majorelle, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres-Mazamet (CHIC-CM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre Hospitalier de Lens, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Hôpital Trousseau, Jonchère, Laurent, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Le CHCB, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA-EPIS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, CHU Saint-Etienne, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Department of Microbiology Brest, Department of Microbiology, Brest, CHU CLAMART, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU de Nice), Centre Hospitalier Côte Basque, Bayonne, CHU Le Havre, Laboratory of microbiology and infection control, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Partenaires INRAE, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France., CHU Lens, CHU Argenteuil, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie-Site de Chambéry, La Clinique du Val d'Ouest, Hôpitaux Est Hôpital Louis Pradel - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR), Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de virologie, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Service de chirurgie infantile, CHU Felix Guyon, Saint Denis de La Réunion, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Unité d'Hygiène Hospitalière, hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital du Hasenrain, Mulhouse, CHU Valenciennes, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Hôpital de Bayonne [Bayonne], CHU Kremlin-Bicétre, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Polyclinique de St Roch, CHU Pau, Unité de prévention et de lutte contre les infections nosocomiales [CHU Angers], PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Division of Neonatology, La Conception Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille and Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique et environnementale [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (CHU Rennes), Hôpital privé de l'Estuaire [Le Havre], Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis, Hôpital d'Arras, CHU Le MAns, Polyclinique Majorelle, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres-Mazamet, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Recherche Opérationnelle et Mathématiques de la Décision - LAROMAD (Alger, Algérie), Centre Hospitalier d’Arras, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Clone (cell biology), NRCS-A clone, 030501 epidemiology, Staphylococcus capitis, Medical microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Brief Report, Gestational age, General Medicine, Staphylococcal Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Nationwide active surveillance, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Vancomycin, Female, France, 0305 other medical science, Infant, Premature, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Bloodstream catheter-related infection, Birth weight, Preterm babies, 030106 microbiology, Late onset, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Sepsis, Intensive care, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, business.industry, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Infant, Newborn, Neonates, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Catheter-Related Infections, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business
Abstract: To increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds. We demonstrated 14.2% of S. capitis BSI (S.capBSI) among nosocomial BSIs. S.capBSI incidence rate was 0.59 per 1000 patient-days. A total of 55.0% of the S.capBSIs were late onset catheter-related BSIs. The S. capitis strains infected preterm babies (median gestational age 26 weeks, median birth weight 855 g). They were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides and belonged to the NRCS-A clone. Evolution was favorable in all but one case, following vancomycin treatment.
Published: 2020

18. A prospective multicentre surveillance study to investigate the risk associated with contaminated sinks in the intensive care unit

Author: Anne-Sophie Valentin, Sandra Dos Santos, Florent Goube, Rémi Gimenes, Marie Decalonne, Laurent Mereghetti, Côme Daniau, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, H. Abdoush, S. Alfandari, A. Allaire, L. Aloe, A. Andreo, E. Antoine, C. Aurel, A. Azaouzi, V. Barry-Perdereau, Y. Berrouane, S. Blaise, M. Blanie, S. Bonjean, G.C. Borderan, M. Bounoua, C. Bourigault, V. Brean, A. Cecille, H. Chakaroun, O. Chanay, C. Chauvin, V. Curnier, H. Dalmas, D. Degallaix, F. Del Guidice, J. Delhomme, M. Demasure, C. Denis, F. Diaw, S. Dorel, A. Fourneret-Vivier, B. Fradin, A. Fribourg, B. Fumery, S. Gallais, L. Gazagne, J.P. Genillon, C. Gerbier, A. Glanard, C. Gouin, F. Gourmelen, C. Haond, C. Huart, N. Idri, P. Ionescu, S. Joron, E. Joseph, V. Labonne, B. Laurent, M. Le Coq, M. Lecuru, A. Legrand, O. Lehiani, M. Lepainteur, C. Lesteven, M. Llorens, N. Lugagne, M. Magneney, A. Mahamat, V. Marie, K. Mattioli, M. Mesnil, S. Mien, V. Morange, N. Negrin, C. Neulier, J. Ory, S. Ouzani, A. Perez, F. Pospisil, T. Sevin, A. Thomas-Hervieu, A. Valdes, C. Victoire, B. Vidal-Hollaender, P. Veyres, O. Zamfir, N. Anguel, P. Aussant, C. Badetti, F. Bavozet, J. Bayekula, S. Bedon-Carte, J.P. Bedos, M. Berthon, P.M. Bertrand, E. Brunel, C. Burel, C. Cerf, R. Chelha, D. Combaux, D. Da Silva, C. Damoisel, S. De Rudnicki, J. Debost, L. Desfrere, M. Della-Guardia, E. Dieye, N. Eisenmann, F. Ethuin, L. Favier, S. Fedun, M. Feller, L. Ferreira, P. Fillatre, X. Galin, D. Garot, J. Gaubert Duclos, S. Gette, H. Georges, F. Godde, M. Hamet, M. Hira, J. Hoff, H. Hyvernat, J. Illinger, L. Jacques, J. Joubert, M. Kaidomar, P. Kalfon, H. Kallel, P. Lafforgue, F. Lambiotte, A. Landivier, T. Lazard, F. Le Gall, W. M'fam, J. Mariot, A. Martin, O. Martinet, P. Michaux, O. Michel, A. Mofredj, F. Montini, L. Muller, C. Pommier, J.C. Pottie, F. Prevost, C. Roger, C. Samat, L. Serpin, S. Siami, S. Sidki Alaoui, A. Simaillaud, P.Y. Simonoviez, H. Slimani, J.M. Thouret, D. Toledano, B. Travert, P. Trouiller, G. Trouillet, C. Vescovali, A. Adochitei, M. Amara, S. Arsene, M.N. Bachelier, A. Barrans, O. Belmonte, S. Ben Hadj Yahia, T. Bensaid, G. Beretta-Salaun, D. Bertei, J. Bizet, S. Bleunven, F. Bonfils, R. Bonnet, P. Brisou, P. Cantet, C. Cattoen, C. Chaplain, B. Cordoleani, A. Dao, E. Dorangeon, C. Dupin, E. Farfour, C. Farrugia, M. Fines, S. Fougnot, P. Garnier, M. Guerin, C. Guillet-Caruba, J. Guinard, A. Goux, S. Hammami, E. Heusse, B. Heym, C. Hombrouck Alet, P. Jacquemin, C. Jensen, M.P. Lacomme, E. Lafay, F. Lance, C. Lanselle, J.P. Lavigne, F. Le Gallou, S. Lechat, O. Lemenand, S. Leotard, M. Levast, G. Louis, J. Lourtet, N. Luizy, L. Mereghetti, L. Mignot, O. Moquet, J.C. Navarrot, M. Pancher Lory, L. Parmeland, P. Patoz, S. Poussing, C. Ragot, L. Roudiere, R. Ruimy, V. Sainte Rose, R. Sanchez, H. Seraphin, and M.l. Vanson
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Surveillance study, 030106 microbiology, Sink (geography), law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Environmental health, Intensive care, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), fungi, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, food and beverages, General Medicine, Contamination, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Infectious Diseases, business, human activities, Waste disposal
Abstract: Objectives The aim was to assess the incidence of sink contamination by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, risk factors for sink contamination and splashing, and their association with clinical infections in the intensive care setting. Methods A prospective French multicentre study (1 January to 30 May 2020) including in each intensive care unit (ICU) a point-prevalence study of sink contamination, a questionnaire of risk factors for sink contamination (sink use, disinfection procedure) and splashing (visible plashes, distance and barrier between sink and bed), and a 3-month prospective infection survey. Results Seventy-three ICUs participated in the study. In total, 50.9% (606/1191) of the sinks were contaminated by MDR bacteria: 41.0% (110/268) of the sinks used only for handwashing, 55.3% (510/923) of those used for waste disposal, 23.0% (62/269) of sinks daily bleached, 59.1% (126/213) of those daily exposed to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and 62.0% (285/460) of those untreated; 459 sinks (38.5%) showed visible splashes and 30.5% (363/1191) were close to the bed ( Discussion Our data showed frequent and multifactorial infectious risks associated with contaminated sinks in ICUs.
Published: 2021

19. Cause Analysis of an Infection in Facelift Surgery Due to Mycobacterium chelonae

Author: Estelle Hau, Emmanuelle Cambau, Emmanuel Lecorche, Célia Moreau, Philipe Lanotte, Odile Milan, Agnès Petiteau, Laurent Mereghetti, Marie Decalonne, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Centre National de Références des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance aux Antituberculeux, Partenaires INRAE, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Van Der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: Facelift surgery, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Mycobacterium chelonae, Case Report, 030230 surgery, Microbiology, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cause analysis, mycobactérie, Medicine, WGS, post-surgical infection, showering, tap water, Whole genome sequencing, lcsh:R5-920, integumentary system, biology, business.industry, Microbiology and Parasitology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, infection nosocomiale, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Human health and pathology, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; We report a post-facelift infection due to Mycobacterium chelonae. An environmental strain recovered from the water supply network of the surgical clinic and the clinical strains were considered non-differentiable using whole genome sequencing. After the unhealed wound's exposure to M. chelonae while showering early at the clinic after surgery, a lasting exposure of the colonized wound to the warm and moist working conditions of a bakery may have been favorable to the infection's development.
Published: 2019

20. Molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected ICU patients: a French multicenter 2012–2013 study

Author: Philippe Berthelot, C. Slekovec, Anne-Marie Rogues, Jérôme Robert, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Xavier Bertrand, Didier Hocquet, Michelle Thouverez, Véronique Derouin, Pascal Cholley, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, Université de Liège, Agents transmissibles et infectiologie (ATI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Service de bactériologie-virologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), DNA, Bacterial, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Epidemiology, 030106 microbiology, Bacteremia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Infections, Population structure, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, Hospitals, University, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, 030212 general & internal medicine, Genotyping, Cross Infection, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Multiple drug resistance, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ICU, Multilocus sequence typing, France, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: International audience; Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a non-clonal epidemic population structure, recent studies have provided evidence of the existence of epidemic high-risk clones. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular epidemiology of P. aeruginosa isolates responsible for infections in French ICUs, regardless of resistance patterns. For a 1-year period, all non-duplicate P. aeruginosa isolated from bacteremia and pulmonary infections in ten adult ICUs of six French university hospitals were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotyping (MLST and PFGE). We identified β-lactamases with an extended spectrum phenotypically and by sequencing. The 104 isolates tested were distributed in 46 STs, of which 7 epidemic high-risk (EHR) clones over-represented: ST111, ST175, ST235, ST244, ST253, ST308, and ST395. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates mostly clustered in these EHR clones, which frequently spread within hospitals. Only one ST233 isolate produced the carbapenemase VIM-2. PFGE analysis suggests frequent intra-hospital cross-transmission involving EHR clones. For ST395 and ST308, we also observed the progression from wild-type to MDR resistance pattern within the same PFGE pattern. Molecular epidemiology of P. aeruginosa in French ICUs is characterized by high clonal diversity notably among antimicrobial susceptible isolates and the over-representation of EHR clones, particularly within MDR isolates, even though multidrug resistance is not a constant inherent trait of EHR clones.
Published: 2019

21. Conduite à tenir en cas de gastroentérites à Escherichia coli entérohémorragique (EHEC)

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical Laboratory Technology, 030505 public health, 030106 microbiology, Biochemistry (medical), 0305 other medical science, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: Resume Les gastroenterites a Escherichia coli enterohemorragique (EHEC) surviennent suite a la consommation de produits alimentaires contamines et peuvent etre a l’origine de complications severes chez les jeunes enfants et les personnes âgees telles que le syndrome hemolytique et uremique (SHU). Dans l’entourage d’un cas, la transmission interhumaine est possible et peut donner lieu a des episodes epidemiques. Suite a la survenue d’infections a EHEC en octobre-novembre 2012 dans une creche du Morbihan, le Directeur General de la sante a adresse au Haut Conseil de Sante Publique (HCSP) une saisine relative a la conduite a tenir en cas de gastroenterites a EHEC. S’appuyant sur une analyse des donnees existantes, le HCSP a emis des recommandations precisant la conduite a tenir pour prevenir la transmission interhumaine dans l’entourage d’un cas isole et pour la gestion de cas groupes en collectivites (depistage, traitement, mesures d’hygiene et d’eviction). Le present article a pour objet de presenter ces recommandations, qui sont par ailleurs telechargeables sur le site du HCSP ( www.hcsp.fr/explore.cgi/avisrapportsdomaine?clefr=494 ).
Published: 2016

22. A Potential New Human Pathogen Belonging to Helicobacter Genus, Identified in a Bloodstream Infection

Author: Seydina M. Diene, Francis Mégraud, Adrien Lemaignen, Abdessalam Cherkaoui, Philippe Lehours, Annemieke Smet, Alain Goudeau, Nadia Gaïa, Sabrina Lacomme, Louis Bernard, Astrid Ducournau, Patrice Francois, Lucie Bénéjat, Etienne Gontier, Freddy Haesebrouck, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Centre National de Référence des Campylobacters et Hélicobacters (CNR Campylobacters et Hélicobacters), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bretonneau, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), COMBE, Isabelle, Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, Lehours, Philippe, François, Patrice, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Infectiologie Santé Publique (ISP-311), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and ANR-10-INBS-04-01/10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Helicobacter sp, lcsh:QR1-502, phylogeny, DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME, lcsh:Microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, GYRA, Helicobacter, Peptide-mass fingerprint, Pathogen, Phylogeny, Original Research, ddc:616, helicobacter, Microbiology and Parasitology, PYLORI, microscopie électronique, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, séquençage du génome, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), Tetracycline, infection humaine, 030106 microbiology, human infection, electron microscopy, genome content, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Biology, Microbiology, Agar plate, 03 medical and health sciences, phylogénie, medicine, Electron microscopy, Veterinary Sciences, Genome content, Whole genome sequencing, Biology and Life Sciences, 16S ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY, CELLS, Human infection, Human health and pathology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacteria
Abstract: Open Access; International audience; We isolated from aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles from a febrile patient, a Helicobacter-like Gram negative, rod-shaped bacterium that MALDI-TOF MS failed to identify. Blood agar cultures incubated in a microaerobic atmosphere revealed a motile Gram negative rod, which was oxidase, catalase, nitrate reductase, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase positive. It grew at 42 • C with no detectable urease activity. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the organism was susceptible to beta-lactams, gentamicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline but resistant to ciprofloxacin. Electronic microscopy analysis revealed a 3 × 0.5 µm curved rod bacterium harboring two sheathed amphitrichous flagella. Whole genome sequencing revealed a genome 1,708,265 base-pairs long with a GC content of 37.80% and a total of 1,697 coding sequences. The genomic analyses using the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, hsp60 and gyrB genes, as well as the GyrA protein sequence, and the results of Average Nucleotide Identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization suggest evidence for a novel Helicobacter species close to Helicobacter equorum and belonging to the group of enterohepatic Helicobacter species. As soon as the particular peptide mass fingerprint of this pathogen is added to the spectral databases, MALDI-TOF MS technology will improve its identification from clinical specimens, especially in case of " sterile infection ". We propose to associate the present strain with the Latin name of the place of isolation; Caesarodunum (Tours, France) and suggest " Helicobacter caesarodunensis " for further description of this new bacterium.
Published: 2017

23. Prophages and adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus ST398 to the human clinic

Author: Seydina M. Diene, Patrice Francois, Anna Rita Corvaglia, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Département de Microbiologie, Swiss National Foundation 31003A_153474, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique - IASP (Nouzilly, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, phylogénétique, Prophages, Clone (cell biology), medicine.disease_cause, φ 3- prophage, Phylogeny, ddc:616, Genetics, Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcal Infections, staphylococcusaureus, Adaptation, Physiological, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, séquence du génome, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcus aureus, bactérie pathogène, Biotechnology, Research Article, Evolution, Virulence, Médecine humaine et pathologie, CC398 lineage, phage content, prophage, evolution, livestock-associated, bloodstream infections, Livestock-associated, Biology, Staphylococcal infections, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Microbiology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, man, Lysogenic cycle, medicine, Animals, Humans, φ3-prophage, Prophage, Whole Genome Sequencing, SCCmec, Pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Human health and pathology, Phage content, Bloodstream infections, humain, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background It has been suggested that prophages in the ST398 S. aureus clone are responsible for expanding ST398's spectrum of action and increasing its ability to cause human infections. We carried out the first characterization of the various prophages carried by 76 ST398 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates obtained over 9 years of observation. Results Whole-genome sequencing of 22 representative isolates showed (1) the presence of the φ3-prophage and diverse genetic features typical of animal-associated isolates (i.e., SCCmec XI element, Tn916 transposon and non φ3-prophages) in a majority of BSI isolates, (2) one BSI isolate devoid of the φ3-prophage but otherwise similar to an animal-infecting isolate, (3) 35 prophages carrying numerous genes previously associated with virulence or immune evasion in animal models of staphylococcal infections. The analysis of prophage content in all 76 BSI isolates showed an increasing prevalence of polylysogeny over time. Overall, over the course of the last 10 years, the BSI isolates appear to have acquired increasing numbers of genetic features previously shown to contribute to bacterial adaptation and virulence in animal models of staphylococcal infections. Conclusions We hypothesize that lysogeny has played a significant role in increasing the ability of the ST398 clone to cause infections in humans. Our findings highlight the risk that the ST398 lineage will increase its threat to public health by continuing to acquire virulence and/or multiple antibiotic-resistance genes from hospital-associated clones of Staphylococcus aureus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3516-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

24. Whole-genome sequencing analysis, an essential tool for shedding light on the obscure evolution of Staphylococcus aureus USA300

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0301 basic medicine, Staphylococcus aureus, 030106 microbiology, Computational biology, MRSA, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Whole genome sequencing, USA300, Staphylococcal Infections, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, whole-genome sequencing, Female, PVL, microepidemiology
Abstract: See the major article by Von Dach et al J.Infectious Diseases 2016; on pages 1370–1379.; International audience
Published: 2016

25. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight Mass spectrometry can detect Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398

Author: Xavier Bertrand, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Didier Hocquet, Marlène Sauget, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours ( CHRU TOURS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, 030106 microbiology, Bruker, Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight, Biology, Mass spectrometry, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Rapid detection, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Emerging pathogen, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, medicine, Humans, MALDI-TOF MS, In patient, Typing, Molecular Biology, Training set, Staphylococcal Infections, S. aureus, 3. Good health, Bacterial Typing Techniques, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Within the last decade methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus belonging to CC398 has become a worldwide threat associated with livestock. More recently, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) belonging to CC398 have been increasingly reported as a cause of invasive infections in patients without livestock contact. It appears therefore necessary to implement a convenient tool for the surveillance this emerging pathogen. We evaluated the MALDI-TOF MS as a tool for rapid detection of S. aureus CC398. We used 626 S. aureus isolates characterized by a CC398-specific PCR, to constitute independent training (300 isolates including 60 isolates CC398) and validation sets (326 isolates including 82 isolates CC398). Fifteen peak biomarkers of CC398 were identified from the mass spectra of the training set. Ninety four % (307 of 326) of strains of the validation set were well assigned with an overall sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 95%. Six CC398 and 13 non-CC398 isolates were misclassified. With MALDI-TOF MS, clinical laboratories could rapidly detect S. aureus CC398 associated with a higher mortality in hospitalized patients.
Published: 2016

26. Enigmatic occurrence of NDM-7 enzyme in the community

Author: Patrice Francois, Fabrice Chopin, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Seydina M. Diene, Alain Goudeau, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Clinique de l'Alliance, Partenaires INRAE, Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Sequence analysis, 030106 microbiology, beta-Lactamases/genetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Bacteriuria, Biology, Bacteriuria/diagnosis/microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Bacterial genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics, DNA Transposable Elements, Gene Order, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Escherichia coli, Aged, ddc:616, chemistry.chemical_classification, Genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics/isolation & purification, Infectious Diseases, Enzyme, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis/microbiology, Female, France, DNA, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; A 79-year-old French woman living in a nursing home was brought to the hospital emergency room for indwelling urinary catheter re-insertion following accidental removal. Despite no clinical signs suggesting infection, urine was sent to the laboratory for microbiological and cytological analysis. An Escherichia coli bacteriuria (104 CFU/mL) was found, but no leukocyturia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed an isolate with resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, ertapenem, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim/sulfonamides and temocillin.
Published: 2016

27. Variability of neuD transcription levels and capsular sialic acid expression among serotype III group B Streptococcus strains

Author: Roland Quentin, Hélène Pailhories, Agnès Rosenau, Marie-Frédérique Lartigue, Rim Al Safadi, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Agnès Fribourg Poulard, Anne-Sophie Domelier-Valentin, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), and Université Francois Rabelais [Tours]
Subjects: Serotype, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, ENHANCED INVASIVENESS, Pregnancy, Cluster Analysis, 0303 health sciences, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Streptococcus, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, AGALACTIAE STRAINS, Vagina, Female, PREGNANT-WOMEN, Genotype, SEQUENCE, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, Neonatal meningitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Acetyltransferases, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, medicine, Humans, ESCHERICHIA-COLI K1, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 030306 microbiology, Gene Expression Profiling, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Sialic acid, POLYSACCHARIDE, chemistry, INVASIVE NEONATAL DISEASE, O-ACETYLATION, VIRULENCE, Multilocus sequence typing, Bacteria, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Serotype III group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the major cause of neonatal meningitis, but the risk of infection in the colonized neonates is variable. Capsular sialic acid (Sia), whose synthesis is encoded by neu genes, appears to be a major virulence factor in several bacterial species able to reach the cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, variations of Sia expression related to the genetic diversity of strains may have an impact on the risk of meningitis in colonized neonates. We characterized by MLST the phylogenetic diversity of 64 serotype III GBS strains isolated from vaginal flora and randomly selected. These strains mostly belonged to three major sequence types (STs): ST1 (11 %), ST17 (39 %) and ST19 (31 %). The genetic diversity of strains of these lineages, characterized by PFGE, allowed the selection of 17 representative strains, three ST1, six ST17 and eight ST19, with NEM316 as reference, in order to evaluate (i) by quantitative RT-PCR, the level of transcription of the neuD gene as a marker for the transcription of neu genes and (ii) by enzymological analysis, the expression of Sia. The mean transcription level of neuD was higher for ST17 strains than for ST1 and ST19 strains in the early, mid- and late exponential growth phases, and was maximum in the early exponential growth phase for ST17 strains and in the mid-exponential growth phase for ST1 and ST19 strains. Mean Sia concentration was higher for ST17 than for ST1 and ST9 strains in all three growth phases. For the total population, Sia concentration varied notably in the stationary phase, from 0.38 to 9.30 nmol per 108 viable bacteria, with a median value of 2.99 nmol per 108 bacteria. All ST17 strains, only one-third of the ST19 strains and none of the ST1 strains had Sia concentrations higher than the median Sia concentration. Therefore, differences in the level of expression of Sia by strains of the major serotype III GBS phylogenetic lineages might be one of the factors that explain the leading role of ST17 strains in neonatal meningitis.
Published: 2011

28. Most Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Hospitals in Eastern France Belong to a Few Clonal Types

Author: Michelle Thouverez, Daniel Talon, Xavier Bertrand, Pascal Cholley, Didier Hocquet, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agents transmissibles et infectiologie (ATI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Université de Tours-IFR136, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Agents transmissibles et infectiologie ( ATI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -CHRU Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), clone (Java method), Genotype, Epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Genetic variation, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, Typing, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, Cross Infection, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, 030306 microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, Hospitals, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, Molecular Typing, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Multilocus sequence typing, France, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Pseudomonadaceae
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of clinical multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa . We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing to analyze 187 strains isolated in different French hospitals. To illustrate the diversity of resistance mechanisms to antibiotics in a given clone, we identified β-lactamases with an extended spectrum by using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Typing results showed that the majority of our multidrug-resistant isolates belong to a few clonal types (ST235, ST111, and ST175) that are already spreading worldwide. These successful international clones sporadically produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes but mostly became extensively resistant to β-lactams after derepression of intrinsic resistance mechanisms (i.e., AmpC cephalosporinase). Our results indicate that cross-transmission plays a major role in the spread of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in hospital settings.
Published: 2011

29. Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis and Multilocus Sequence Typing Data Confirm the Epidemiological Changes Observed with Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infections

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Roland Quentin, Anne-Sophie Domelier, Laurence Arnault, Patrice Francois, Jacques Schrenzel, and Nicole Girard
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Male, Microbiology (medical), Virulence Factors/genetics, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteremia/*epidemiology/microbiology, Meticillin, Genotype, Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Bacterial Toxins, Bacteremia, Minisatellite Repeats, Drug resistance, Staphylococcus aureus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification, Biology, Staphylococcal infections, medicine.disease_cause, France/epidemiology, Microbiology, Prevalence, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Genotyping, DNA Fingerprinting/*methods, Bacterial Toxins/genetics, Aged, ddc:616, Staphylococcal Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology, Incidence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Staphylococcal Infections, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, DNA Fingerprinting, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Variable number tandem repeat, DNA, Bacterial/*genetics, Multilocus sequence typing, Female, France, Health Facilities, Bacterial Typing Techniques/*methods, medicine.drug
Abstract: Since 2000, our geographical region in France systematically surveys bloodstream infections (BSI) due to Staphylococcus aureus . This survey involves 39 health care institutions (HCIs) encompassing 6,888 short-stay beds and was performed during two 3-month periods during 2007 and 2008. The study periods of this survey identified 292 S. aureus isolates causing BSI. Extensive molecular characterization, including genotyping as well as toxin, agr , and staphylococcal cassette chromosome content determinations, allowed us to describe epidemiological evolution in comparison to that discussed in our previous study. Our main epidemiological observation shows that the incidence of BSI remained constant but that methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus strains with a wider variety of genetic backgrounds now harbor pyl , as has already been reported in different European countries. We noticed stable numbers of BSI episodes involving community-acquired methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), whereas a drastic increase in the number of strains harboring the tst gene was recorded. The increase in the number of tst gene-harboring strains is related to known hospital-acquired MSSA isolates and appears related to epidemic episodes in specific HCIs. Monitoring the increase in prevalence of specific strains helps us understand where the standard precautions are not satisfactorily applied or do not efficiently prevent the spread of epidemic MSSA strains in these HCIs. The recent increases in incidence of these strains call for particular vigilance to avoid the spread of potentially virulent MSSA strains harboring the tst gene and for continuance of this strategy of BSI surveillance.
Published: 2009

30. Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Various Phylogenetic Lineages by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Author: Roland Quentin, Laurent Mereghetti, Marie-Frédérique Lartigue, Markus Kostrzewa, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Pierre-Olivier Schmit, Eve Haguenoer, Philippe Lanotte, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Anne-Sophie Domelier, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Bruker Daltonique, and Bruker Daltonik GmbH
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Mass spectrometry, Streptococcus agalactiae, Microbiology, MESH: Genotype, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Phylogenetics, Genetic variation, MESH: DNA Fingerprinting, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, MESH: Genetic Variation, Serotyping, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, Phylogenetic tree, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Serotyping, Genetic Variation, Bacteriology, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, DNA Fingerprinting, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, MESH: Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, DNA profiling, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Multilocus sequence typing, Female, MESH: Female
Abstract: Variations in proteins related to bacterial diversity may affect species identification performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time of flight mass spectrometry. Using this method, we identified 110 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates characterized by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing. Serotype III and sequence type 23 strains expressed the widest variation in molecular weight of putative “species-identifying” biomarker ions. Recognition of the diversity of MALDI patterns observed in strains that represent all major intraspecies lineages assists in the constitution of an optimal reference database.
Published: 2009

31. Contamination microbiologique en radiopharmacie : problématiques et mise en œuvre de contrôles dans le cadre d’une démarche qualité

Author: Annick Rouleau, S. Maia, Nathalie Van der mee-marquet, Benoît Nicol, and Denis Guilloteau
Subjects: Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract: Introduction : La maitrise de la contamination microbiologique (bio-contamination) du local de preparation des medicaments radiopharmaceutiques injectables est essentielle pour garantir leur sterilite mais se revele difficile a obtenir, du fait des principes lies a la radioprotection du personnel. Afin de repondre aux deux exigences (sterilite et radioprotection), l’unite fonctionnelle de radiopharmacie du CHU de Tours a mis en œuvre, en 2004, une demarche qualite incluant un systeme de controle-qualite. Materiel et methodes : Ce systeme comprend d’une part un controle de sterilite des preparations par ensemencement direct de milieux de culture et d’autre part un controle de bio-contamination des surfaces du local de preparation par l’application de geloses de contact sur des points representatifs. Resultats : La bio-contamination des surfaces entre 2004 et 2005 etait frequente et n’a cesse d’augmenter. Apres analyse des causes probables, de nouveaux moyens de prevention sont venus completer cette demarche qualite : application de nouveaux protocoles de bio-nettoyage des surfaces ; respect de regles decrites dans les Bonnes pratiques de preparation ; formation continue des preparateurs sur les principes d’hygiene. Ainsi, entre 2005 et 2006, une baisse significative du nombre de colonies bacteriennes (α
Published: 2008

32. Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infections Changed Significantly in 2006

Author: Laurence Arnault, Anne-Sophie Domelier, Christophe Epinette, Roland Quentin, Nicole Girard, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Jeremy Loyau, and Barbara Losfelt
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcaceae, Genotype, Virulence Factors, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Virulence, Bacteremia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcal infections, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Methicillin, Bacterial Proteins, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, biology, Incidence, Outbreak, Bacteriology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Staphylococcal Infections, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Methicillin Resistance, France
Abstract: We studied 358 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bloodstream infections (BSI) observed during an epidemiological study covering 2,007,681 days of hospitalization in 32 healthcare institutions (HCIs) between 2004 and 2006. The strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and characterized genetically. The incidence of S. aureus BSI declined regularly through 2004 and 2005 and then significantly increased in 2006 (+80%). This was largely due to an increase in BSI involving methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains and nonmultiresistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (NORSA) strains. Ninety-six percent of the NORSA strains were resistant only to methicillin and fluoroquinolones. Most of the MSSA strains belonged to a small number of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) divisions and were associated with epidemic phenomena in HCIs. The NORSA strains also clustered into a limited number of PFGE divisions but could not be related to any local outbreak in HCIs. In 2006, there was a significant increase in the incidence of BSI associated with tst gene-positive MSSA strains (+275%) and the first three BSI associated with tst gene-positive MRSA were observed. PFGE data revealed a limited heterogeneity among the tst gene-positive strains without any outbreak in the HCIs. Our study underlines the need for infection control teams to focus efforts on preventing both MRSA and MSSA BSI. As recently demonstrated in vitro, fluoroquinolones may enhance horizontal transfer of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. These antibiotics are widely used in France, so our findings raise the issue of whether their use has contributed to the acquisition of mecA and tst genes by S. aureus strains.
Published: 2007

33. Air contamination for predicting wound contamination in clean surgery: A large multicenter study

Author: Gabriel Birgand, Didier Lepelletier, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Yves-Marie Vandamme, Marie-Noelle Deschamps, Stephane Rukly, Jean-François Timsit, Gaelle Toupet, Carole Pornet, Gilles Antoniotti, Jean Baptiste Stern, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection Control Unit, Mater Dei Hospital [Malta], Groupe Générale de santé, Partenaires INRAE, Clinique Ambroise Paré, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Département Thoracique (IMM), Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Air sampling, Ventilation systems, Epidemiology, Environmental contamination, Wound contamination, Air Microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, Air contamination, law.invention, law, Interquartile range, Medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Infectious risk, Operating room, Colony-forming unit, business.industry, Health Policy, Laminar airflow, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 3. Good health, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Multicenter study, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Orthopedic surgery, Ventilation (architecture), Particulate Matter, business, Surgical site infection
Abstract: International audience; The best method to quantify air contamination in the operating room (OR) is debated, and studies in the field are controversial. We assessed the correlation between 2 types of air sampling and wound contaminations before closing and the factors affecting air contamination. This multicenter observational study included 13 ORs of cardiac and orthopedic surgery in 10 health care facilities. For each surgical procedure, 3 microbiologic air counts, 3 particles counts of 0.3, 0.5, and 5 μm particles, and 1 bacteriologic sample of the wound before skin closure were performed. We collected data on surgical procedures and environmental characteristics. Of 180 particle counts during 60 procedures, the median log10 of 0.3, 0.5, and 5 μm particles was 7 (interquartile range [IQR], 6.2-7.9), 6.1 (IQR, 5.4-7), and 4.6 (IQR, 0-5.2), respectively. Of 180 air samples, 50 (28%) were sterile, 90 (50%) had 1-10 colony forming units (CFU)/m(3) and 40 (22%) >10 CFU/m(3). In orthopedic and cardiac surgery, wound cultures at closure were sterile for 24 and 9 patients, 10 and 11 had 1-10 CFU/100 cm(2), and 0 and 6 had >10 CFU/100 cm(2), respectively (P < .01). Particle sizes and a turbulent ventilation system were associated with an increased number of air microbial counts (P < .001), but they were not associated with wound contamination (P = .22). This study suggests that particle counting is a good surrogate of airborne microbiologic contamination in the OR.
Published: 2015

34. Loss of Catabolic Function in Streptococcus agalactiae Strains and Its Association with Neonatal Meningitis

Author: Adeline Grandet, Roland Quentin, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Agnès Rosenau, Laurent Mereghetti, and Anne-Sophie Domelier
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Lower risk, Meningitis, Bacterial, Streptococcus agalactiae, Neonatal meningitis, Microbiology, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Cerebrospinal Fluid, biology, Infant, Newborn, Bacteriology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Streptococcaceae, Carbon, Female, Mobile genetic elements, Oxidation-Reduction, Meningitis, Bacteria
Abstract: The abilities of 151 Streptococcus agalactiae strains to oxidize 95 carbon sources were studied using the Biolog system. Two populations were constituted: one with a high risk of causing meningitis (HR group; 63 strains), and the other with a lower risk of causing meningitis (LR group; 46 strains). Strains belonging to the HR group were significantly less able to use four carbon sources, i.e., α- d -glucose-1-phosphate, d -ribose, β-methyl- d -glucoside, and d , l -α-glycerol phosphate, than strains from the LR group ( P ≤ 0.004). Moreover, strains in the HR group significantly more frequently possessed one of several mobile genetic elements or genome deletions previously shown to be associated with strains responsible for neonatal meningitis than strains in the LR group ( P < 0.001). These findings suggest that genetic disruption might have occurred in virulent clones of S. agalactiae . Fifteen biotypes (B1 to B15) were identified from the results of oxidation of the four carbon sources, of which six (B1 to B6) included 92% of the isolates belonging to the HR group. Strains of biotypes B1 to B6 are thus 13 times more likely to be able to invade the central nervous system of neonates than strains of biotypes B7 to B15. In addition, 86% of strains recently associated with neonatal meningitis (42 strains studied) were identified as being of biotypes B1 to B6. Identification of particular S. agalactiae biotypes may therefore be one of the criteria to assist clinicians in assessing the level of risk of neonatal meningitis when a mother and/or her neonate is colonized with S. agalactiae .
Published: 2006

35. Legionella anisa , a Possible Indicator of Water Contamination by Legionella pneumophila

Author: Patrice Laudat, Laurence Arnault, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Daniel Bloc, Anne-Sophie Domelier, Philippe Hartemann, and Roland Quentin
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Legionella, Water Pollution, Water contamination, Bacteriology, Biology, Contamination, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Legionella pneumophila, respiratory tract diseases, Microbiology, Legionella anisa, Water Supply, medicine, Humans, bacteria, Legionnaires' disease, Legionnaires' Disease, Legionella species, Legionellaceae, Water Microbiology
Abstract: Legionella anisa is one of the most frequent species of Legionella other than Legionella pneumophila in the environment and may be hospital acquired in rare cases. We found that L. anisa may mask water contamination by L. pneumophila , suggesting that there is a risk of L. pneumophila infection in immunocompromised patients if water is found to be contaminated with Legionella species other than L. pneumophila .
Published: 2006

36. Emergence of a novel subpopulation of CC398 Staphylococcus aureus infecting animals is a serious hazard for humans

Author: Patrice Francois, Jean-Baptiste Franck, Roland Quentin, Xavier Bertrand, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Jan Kluytmans, Anna Rita Corvaglia, Marisa Haenni, Myriam Girard, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en pathologie bovine et hygiène des viandes, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), AFSSA, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, CCA - Immuno-pathogenesis, Van Der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: staphylococcus aureus, Microbiology (medical), Lineage (genetic), infection humaine, lcsh:QR1-502, Virulence, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, infection animale, virulence factor, genome plasticity, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Virulence factor, lysogeny, Bacteriophage, Antibiotic resistance, bacteriophage, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Lysogenic cycle, medicine, Original Research Article, Prophage, Microbiology and Parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, facteur de virulence, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcus aureus, genome content, Public Health
Abstract: International audience; Until recently, Staphylococcus aureus from clonal complex (CC)398 were mostly described as colonizing asymptomatic raised pigs and pig-farmers. Currently, the epidemiology of the CC398 lineage is becoming more complex. CC398 human-adapted isolates are increasingly being identified in bloodstream infections in humans living in animal-free environments. In addition, CC398 isolates are increasingly responsible for invasive infections in various animals. CC398 isolates that colonize asymptomatic pigs and the isolates that infect humans living in animal-free environments (human-adapted isolates) both lack several clinically important S. aureus-associated virulence factors but differ on the basis of their prophage content. Recent findings have provided insight into the influence of a φMR11-like helper prophage on the ability of CC398 isolates to infect humans. To assess the recent spread of the CC398 lineage to various animal species and to investigate the links between the φMR11-like prophage and the emergence of CC398 isolates infecting animals, we studied 277 isolates causing infections in unrelated animals. The prevalence of CC398 isolates increased significantly between 2007 and 2013 (p < 0.001); 31.8% of the animal isolates harbored the φMR11-like prophage. High-density DNA microarray experiments with 37 representative infected-animal isolates positive for φMR11-like DNA established that most infected-animal isolates carried many genetic elements related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and a φ3 prophage encoding immune-modulating proteins and associated with animal-to-human jumps. Our findings suggest recent clonal expansion and dissemination of a new subpopulation of CC398 isolates, responsible for invasive infections in various animals, with a considerable potential to colonize and infect humans, probably greater than that of human-adapted CC398 isolates, justifying active surveillance.
Published: 2014

37. Marked increase in incidence for bloodstream infections due to Escherichia coli, a side effect of previous antibiotic therapy in the elderly

Author: Quentin Viboud, Roland Quentin, Xavier Bertrand, Sandra Dos santos Borges, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Dominique S. Blanc, UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département de Bactériologie et Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique ( UR IASP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours ( CHRU TOURS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Agence Regionale de Sante du Centre - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, France, Van Der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Urinary system, Population, Antibiotics, lcsh:QR1-502, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Biology, Bloodstream infection, Microbiology, Group A, lcsh:Microbiology, Elderly, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Internal medicine, antibiotic, Epidemiology, medicine, Escherichia coli, education, ST 131, bloodstream infection, elderly, Original Research, education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), Microbiology and Parasitology, bactériemie, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, traitement antibiotique, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, enquête épidémiologique, Cohort, Multilocus sequence typing, Human health and pathology, Public Health
Abstract: International audience; We conducted a survey including 3334 bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to E. coli diagnosed in 2005-2014 at a stable cohort of hospitals. Marked increases in incidence were observed for community-acquired (CA) BSIs in patients aged >75 years, CA-BSIs of digestive origin in patients aged 60-74 years, healthcare-associated BSIs, and BSIs associated with ESBL (extended-spectrum B-lactamase)-producing E. coli (ESBLEc). Using MLST, we studied the genetic diversity of 412 BSI isolates recovered during the 2014 survey: 7 major sequence type complexes (STCs) were revealed in phylogenetic group B2, 3 in group A/B1 and 2 in group D. Among the 31 ESBLEc isolates, 1/3 belonged to STC 131. We searched for possible associations between clonal groups, clinical determinants and characteristics of BSIs: isolates from groups B2 (except STC 131) and D were susceptible to antibiotics and associated with BSIs of urinary origin in patients
Published: 2014

38. CTX-M–Type Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli: Analysis of the Colonization of Residents and Inanimate Surfaces 1 Year after a First Case of Urinary Tract Infection at a Nursing Home in France

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Roland Quentin, Anne-Sophie Domelier-Valentin, Chantal Mourens, and Philippe Savoyen
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Epidemiology, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Cephalosporin, Antibiotics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, Escherichia coli, medicine, Humans, Colonization, Escherichia coli Infections, Aged, Antibacterial agent, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, business.industry, Outbreak, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalosporins, Nursing Homes, Infectious Diseases, Urinary Tract Infections, Beta-lactamase, Female, France, business, Fluoroquinolones
Abstract: At a nursing home in France, 1 year after a first case of a cluster of urinary tract infections caused by an extended-spectrum β-lac-tamase-producing strain of Escherichia coli, 9 (22%) of 49 residents were colonized with the outbreak strain. Colonization was associated with poor state of health (P = .04), incontinence (P = .007), and recent treatment with fluoroquinolones and/or cephalosporins (P = .003).
Published: 2010

39. CC9 Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Emerges in Bloodstream Infections in French Patients Unconnected With Animal Farming

Author: F. Grobost, Jacques Schrenzel, M. Archambault, M. F. Guillon, C. Denis, C. Neveu, F. Fongauffier, M. N. Bachelier, M. Boucher, N. Girard, F. Perigois, S. Watt, V. Chevereau, Pierre-Yves Donnio, Virginie Morange, P. Amirault, B. Cattier, Sandra C. dos Santos, O. Paba, P. Foloppe, D. Poitvin, C. Decreux, E. Morel-Desjardins, A. Roussin, P. Harriau, M. Prevost-Oussar, C. Hombrouck-Alet, A. Lepineux da Rocha, J. L. Graveron, C. de Gialluly, T. Gourdet, D. Jehanno, C. Fievre, C. Chandesris, G. Petit le Gouas, D. Imbault, B. Rousseau, C. Naudion, Anne-Sophie Valentin, R. Fournier-Hoock, Aline Berthelot, A. L. Lesimple, Nicole Girard, D. Ratovohery, Sophie Thiais, Xavier Bertrand, E. Morin, X. Louvier, F. Deperrois, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, V. Morange, A. Secher, D. Narbey, O. Laurent, G. Courouble, Cindy Lamamy, D. Bloc, Roland Quentin, Patrice Francois, M. C. Courtin, V. Michel, F. Guinard, M. J. Kourta, O. Lehiani, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Microbiologie : Risques Infectieux, Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes - UFR d'Odontologie (UR Odontologie), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Genomic research lab, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Laboratory of bacteriology, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], and Geneva University Hospital ( HUG )
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, METHICILLIN-RESISTANT, Staphylococcus aureus, Livestock associated, Livestock, bloodstream infections, Operon, Virulence Factors, Virulence, Bacteremia, ANIMAL EXPOSURE, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, ST398, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, CC9, Bloodstream infection, medicine, Animals, Humans, PIGS, Longitudinal Studies, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, ddc:616, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Microarray analysis techniques, STRAINS, Agriculture, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Genes, Bacterial, France
Abstract: International audience; We report 4 bloodstream infections associated with CC9 agr type II Staphylococcus aureus in individuals without animal exposure. We demonstrate, by microarray analysis, the presence of egc cluster, fnbA, cap operon, lukS, set2, set12, splE, splD, sak, epiD, and can, genomic features associated with a high virulence potential in humans.
Published: 2013

40. Analysis of prophages harbored by the human-adapted subpopulation of Staphylococcus aureus CC398

Author: Xavier Bertrand, Pierre-Yves Donnio, Jan Kluytmans, David Hernandez, Roland Quentin, Patrice Francois, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Anna-Rita Corvaglia, Myriam Girard, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Réseau des Hygiénistes du Centre, CHRU Tours, Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), Service d'Hygiène, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Microbiologie : Risques Infectieux, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Bactériologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes - UFR d'Odontologie (UR Odontologie), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire de Bactériologie et Hygiène Hospitalière [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and CCA - Disease profiling
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, Livestock, Prophages, Virulence, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Lysogenic cycle, Zoonoses, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Gene, Pathogen, Lysogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Prophage, 030304 developmental biology, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Chi-Square Distribution, 030306 microbiology, Genetic transfer, Staphylococcal Infections, 3. Good health, Temperateness, Infectious Diseases, HEK293 Cells, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Host specificity, Sequence type 398
Abstract: Supplementary data (ANNEX); International audience; Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 is a livestock-associated pathogen that poses a worldwide threat because of its ability to colonize and infect both humans and animals. We used high-resolution whole-genome microarrays, prophage profiling, immune evasion cluster characterization and whole-genome sequencing to investigate the roles of prophages in the emerging human-adapted subpopulation of CC398 that has been associated with invasive infections in humans living in animal-free environments. We characterized one phage and two prophages specifically harbored by CC398 isolates belonging to the emerging subpopulation. We introduced the phage into permissive prophage-free isolates. We investigated the effects of lysogeny on the host ability to resist further phage infection and transformation, to acquire the capacity to invade human cells, and to express virulence factors encoded by prophages. We report evidence of a defective ϕMR11-like helper prophage, named StauST398-5pro, specifically associated with the emerging non-LA CC398 subpopulation. StauST398-5pro confers substantial protection against horizontal genetic transfer to its host. It interacts with a human-associated β-converting prophage encoding immune-modulating proteins such that virulence genes are expressed during stress situations. Our findings provide insight into the role of phages in the expression of virulence and in the spread of genetic information among new host-adapted S. aureus isolates. We demonstrate that functional prophage elements can condition host specificity and confer new virulence traits on emerging intra-species clones of bacteria.
Published: 2013

41. Whole-Genome Sequence of the Ancestral Animal-Borne ST398 Staphylococcus aureus Strain S123

Author: Roland Quentin, David Hernandez, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Anna-Rita Corvaglia, Patrice Francois, Xavier Bertrand, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu (IMJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Genomic research lab, Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu ( IMJ ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), François, Patrice, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: staphylococcus aureus, clone (Java method), Genetics, Whole genome sequencing, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Strain (biology), Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Animal origin, Genome, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcus aureus, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, medicine, Prokaryotes, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract: Sequence type 398 (ST398) Staphylococcus aureus was originally reported in livestock. We announce the complete genome sequence of an ST398 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strain of animal origin, S123. The genome sequence reveals a wild-type genome that probably corresponds to an ancestral clone .
Published: 2013

42. Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Staphylococcus aureus ST398 Strains of Human Origin, S94 and S100

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Anna-Rita Corvaglia, Xavier Bertrand, David Hernandez, Patrice Francois, Roland Quentin, Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Genomic research lab, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu (IMJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu ( IMJ ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Genetics, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Staphylococcus aureus, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, medicine, Prokaryotes, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract: Sequence type 398 (ST398) Staphylococcus aureus was originally associated with animal infection. We announce the complete genome sequences of two ST398 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains of human origin, S94 and S100. The genome sequences assist in the characterization of interesting ST398 features related to host specificities .
Published: 2013

43. Spread of the bla(IMP-13) gene in French Pseudomonas aeruginosa through sequence types ST621, ST308 and ST111

Author: Emeline Müller, Pascal Cholley, Marjorie Robert-Nicoud, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Patrick Plésiat, Damien Fournier, Katy Jeannot, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Molecular Sequence Data, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, beta-Lactams, medicine.disease_cause, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, medicine, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, Pharmacology (medical), Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Sequence types, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Molecular Typing, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

44. Biocidal activity of metalloacid-coated surfaces against multidrug-resistant microorganisms

Author: Nathalie Tétault, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Roland Quentin, Xavier Bertrand, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, and CHRU Tours-CHU Trousseau [APHP]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Microorganism, Infection control, 02 engineering and technology, Drug resistance, engineering.material, bactérie multirésistante, Molybdenum trioxide, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, Metalloacid-coated surface, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), lcsh:RC109-216, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, Microbiology and Parasitology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Antimicrobial, Combinatorial chemistry, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, In vitro, Biotechnology, Multiple drug resistance, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Biocidal effect, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Oxonium ion
Abstract: Background The antimicrobial effects of a coating of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) has been recently described. The metalloacid material produces oxonium ions (H3O+), which creates an acidic pH that is an effective, non specific antimicrobial. We determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of molybdenum trioxide metalloacid-coated surfaces. Methods Metalloacid-coated and non-coated (control) surfaces were contaminated by exposing them for 15 minutes to microbial suspensions containing 105 cfu/mL. Eleven microorganisms responsible for nosocomial infections were tested: two Staphylococcus aureus strains (the hetero-vancomycin intermediate MRSA Mu50 strain and a ST80-PVL-producing MRSA strain); a vancomycin-resistant van A Enterococcus faecium strain; three extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains; a MBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain; a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain; a toxin-producing Clostridium difficile strain; and two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus). The assay tested the ability of the coated surfaces to kill microorganisms. Results Against all non-sporulating microorganisms tested, metalloacid-coated surfaces exhibited significant antimicrobial activity relative to that of the control surfaces within two to six hours after contact with the microorganisms (p Conclusions We suggest that, facing the continuing shedding of microorganisms in the vicinity of colonized or infected patients, the continuous biocidal effect of hydroxonium oxides against multidrug-resistant microorganisms may help limit environmental contamination between consecutive cleaning procedures.
Published: 2012

45. Diversity of Prophage DNA Regions of Streptococcus agalactiae Clonal Lineages from Adults and Neonates with Invasive Infectious Disease

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Roland Quentin, Anne-Sophie Valentin-Domelier, Mazen Salloum, Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique (UR IASP), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: GROUP-B-STREPTOCOCCUS, NONPREGNANT ADULTS, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, SEROTYPE-V, TYPING SYSTEM, STRAINS, SEQUENCE, BACTERIOPHAGE, EMERGENCE, GENOME, Prophages, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genetic recombination, law.invention, law, maladie infectieuse, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Polymerase chain reaction, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Streptococci, Bacterial Pathogens, 3. Good health, Medical Microbiology, Recombinant DNA, Medicine, Infectious diseases, Group B streptococcal infection, Research Article, Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Bacterial diseases, Population, Médecine humaine et pathologie, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Streptococcal Infections, Lysogenic cycle, medicine, Humans, Meningitis, Serotyping, education, Microbial Pathogens, Prophage, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Bacterial Evolution, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Variation, Bacteriology, DNA extraction, Streptococcus agalactiae, Microbial Evolution, DNA, Viral, lcsh:Q, Human health and pathology, streptococcus agalactiae, Bloodstream infections, Genome, Bacterial, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; The phylogenetic position and prophage DNA content of the genomes of 142 S. agalactiae (group-B streptococcus, GBS) isolates responsible for bacteremia and meningitis in adults and neonates were studied and compared. The distribution of the invasive isolates between the various serotypes, sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) differed significantly between adult and neonatal isolates. Use of the neighbor-net algorithm with the PHI test revealed evidence for recombination in the population studied (PHI, P = 2.01 x 10(-6)), and the recombination-mutation ratio (R/M) was 6:7. Nevertheless, the estimated R/M ratio differed between CCs. Analysis of the prophage DNA regions of the genomes of the isolates assigned 90% of the isolates to five major prophage DNA groups: A to E. The mean number of prophage DNA fragments amplified per isolate varied from 2.6 for the isolates of prophage DNA group E to 4.0 for the isolates of prophage DNA group C. The isolates from adults and neonates with invasive diseases were distributed differently between the various prophage DNA groups (P
Published: 2011

46. Emergence of unusual bloodstream infections associated with pig-borne-like Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in France

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Donadieu Ratovohery, Christiane Neveu, Patrice Francois, Anne-Sophie Domelier-Valentin, Cécile Hombrock-Allet, Jacques Schrenzel, François Coulomb, Roland Quentin, Olivier Lehiani, Chantal Decreux, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU de Tours), Genom Res Lab, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centre Hospitalier, Centre Hospitalier de Blois (CH Blois), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS, Staphylococcus aureus, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, METHICILLIN-RESISTANT, Genotype, Swine, MEDLINE, Bacteremia, medicine.disease_cause, France/epidemiology, HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER, Microbiology, Molecular typing, Zoonoses, medicine, Animals, Humans, Staphylococcus aureus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Zoonoses/epidemiology/microbiology, ddc:616, business.industry, STRAINS, Staphylococcal Infections, VARIABLE-NUMBER, Swine/microbiology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Molecular Typing, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, France, Bacteremia/epidemiology/microbiology, business, Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology/microbiology
Published: 2011

47. Molecular characterization and prophage DNA contents of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from adult skin and osteoarticular infections

Author: Roland Quentin, Mazen Salloum, Anne-Sophie Domelier, Laurence Arnault, and Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Serotype, musculoskeletal diseases, Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Adolescent, Genotype, Prophages, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genetic analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, Young Adult, law, Streptococcal Infections, Osteoarthritis, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Serotyping, Polymerase chain reaction, Prophage, Phylogeny, Aged, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Polymorphism, Genetic, Bacteriology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, Middle Aged, DNA Fingerprinting, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, DNA profiling, DNA, Viral, Multilocus sequence typing, Female, human activities
Abstract: Skin and osteoarticular infections (SKI and OAI, respectively) account for almost one-third of Streptococcus agalactiae infections in nonpregnant adults. We evaluated the genetic diversity and phylogeny of 58 S. agalactiae strains responsible for adult SKI or OAI and of 61 S. agalactiae strains from cases of adult human colonization (HCol) by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We also assessed the prophage DNA content of the genomes of these strains by a PCR-based method. We found that 63% of SKI and 56% of OAI occurred in people aged 55 years and over. Overall, 71% of SKI strains were of serotype Ia or V, and 91% of OAI strains were of serotype Ia, III, or V. Strains of clonal complexes 1 and 23 (CC1 and CC23) were associated with 79% of SKI cases and 62% of OAI cases. Seven groups of strains, groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, were obtained by performing a hierarchical analysis on the basis of prophage DNA-PCR data. We found that 85% of CC1 strains clustered in DNA prophage group D, the group with the highest prophage DNA content (average, 4.4; average of absolute deviations [AVEDEV], 0.9). The CC23 strains displayed the greatest diversity in prophage DNA fragment content, but 47% of CC23 strains clustered in group B, which also had a high average prophage DNA content per strain (average, 2.3; AVEDEV, 0.6). Many (65%) of the OAI strains were in prophage DNA group D, whereas 83% of the SKI strains were in prophage DNA groups B and D. These data suggest that S. agalactiae strains from CC1 and CC23 may be subject to particular transduction mechanisms in gene recombination, rendering them particularly capable of invading the skin, bone, or joints in adults.
Published: 2010

48. Molecular characterization of temporally and geographically matched Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from food products and bloodstream infections

Author: Jean-Louis Bind, Jérémie Violette, Roland Quentin, Laurence Arnault, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Nicolas Gaillard, Mazen Salloum, Anne-Sophie Domelier, and Marie-Frédérique Lartigue
Subjects: Serotype, clone (Java method), Male, Bacteremia, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, SmaI, Streptococcus agalactiae, Foodborne Diseases, Species Specificity, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Food microbiology, Animals, Food Industry, Humans, Cooking, Phylogeny, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Molecular epidemiology, Incidence, Middle Aged, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Carriage, Cross-Sectional Studies, Seafood, Food, Population Surveillance, Food Microbiology, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Food Science, Food contaminant
Abstract: In a defined geographic area, during a 3-month period, 914 food products were screened for Streptococcus agalactiae, and S. agalactiae strains isolated from bloodstream infections (BSI) in nonpregnant adults were collected. Eleven S. agalactiae strains were isolated from 1.2% of food products, with high rates in pastries (7.0%) and seafood products (11.8%). These findings indicate that S. agalactiae is a food product contaminant. Seven S. agalactiae BSI were observed in nonpregnant adults representing an incidence of 0.015/100 admissions. The distribution of strains in serotypes did not differ according to origin of the strains; food products and clinical strains were of serotypes Ia (22%), Ib (11%), II (5%), III (22%), IV (5%), and V (33%). The strains isolated from seafoods were of serotypes Ia and Ib. The distribution of strains in Sequence Types differed according to their origin; food strains were equally distributed between the major clonal complex (CC), CC1 (27%), CC9 (18%), CC17 (18%), and CC23 (27%), whereas a high proportion of BSI strains belonged to CC1 (57%). DNA macrorestriction using SmaI revealed diversity; nine different patterns were found for the 11 food strains and seven for the 7 BSI strains. One pattern was similar for two food strains and one BSI strain. On account of the molecular characteristics previously described for S. agalactiae strains of human carriage and fish and mice infections, the serotype characteristics of seafood strains suggest contamination by aquatic S. agalactiae, whereas the molecular characteristics of strains from pastries suggest human contamination, but may also originate from rodents. Indeed, serotype V CC1 strains, found in food and responsible for a high percentage of BSI in nonpregnant adults, belong to a known clone spreading worldwide, and have also been described in mice.
Published: 2009

49. Molecular characterization and lytic activities of Streptococcus agalactiae bacteriophages and determination of lysogenic-strain features

Author: Laurent Mereghetti, Roland Quentin, Pierre-Yves Sizaret, Marie-Frédérique Lartigue, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Anne-Sophie Domelier, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Agents transmissibles et infectiologie (ATI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Université de Tours-IFR136, Service de bactériologie et d'hygiène hospitalière [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], INSERM ERI19 and PFTI RIO Microscopie Electronique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: viruses, Bacteriophages, Transposons, and Plasmids, MESH: Staphylococcus Phages, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Electron, Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteriophage, Siphoviridae, 03 medical and health sciences, Lysogenic cycle, medicine, Viral, MESH: Genetic Variation, Molecular Biology, Lysogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Phage typing, 2. Zero hunger, Microscopy, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Glycerophosphates, MESH: Lysogeny, Glucosephosphates, Genetic Variation, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Streptococcus agalactiae, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: DNA, Viral, Temperateness, Microscopy, Electron, Lytic cycle, Glycerophosphates, DNA, Viral, Multilocus sequence typing, Staphylococcus Phages, MESH: Glucosephosphates
Abstract: The application of mitomycin C induction to 114 genetically diverse Streptococcus agalactiae strains generated 36 phage suspensions. On electron microscopy of the phage suspensions, it was possible to assign the phages to the Siphoviridae family, with three different morphotypes (A, B, and C). Phage genetic diversity was evaluated by a PCR-based multilocus typing method targeting key modules located in the packaging, structural, host lysis, lysogeny, replication, and transcriptional regulation clusters and in the integrase genes and by DNA digestion with EcoRI, HindIII, and ClaI. Thirty-three phages clustering in six distantly related molecular phage groups (I to VI) were identified. Each molecular group was morphotype specific except for morphotype A phages, which were found in five of the six phage groups. The various phage groups defined on the basis of molecular group and morphotype had specific lytic activities, suggesting that each recognized particular host cell targets and had particular lytic mechanisms. Comparison of the characteristics of lysogenic and propagating strains showed no difference in the serotype or clonal complex (CC) identified by multilocus sequence typing. However, all the lysogenic CC17 and CC19 strains presented catabolic losses due to a lack of catabolic decay of dl -alpha-glycerol-phosphate substrates (CC17) and of alpha- d -glucose-1-phosphate (CC19). Moreover, the phages from CC17 lysogenic strains displayed lytic replication in bacterial hosts from all S. agalactiae phylogenetic lineages other than CC23, whereas phages obtained from non-CC17 lysogenic strains lysed bacteria of similar evolutionary origin. Our findings suggest that the adaptive evolution of S. agalactiae exposed the bacteria of this species to various phage-mediated horizontal gene transfers, which may have affected the fitness of the more virulent clones.
Published: 2009

50. Genetic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae strains and density of vaginal carriage

Author: Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Laurence Arnault, Marie-Frédérique Lartigue, Roland Quentin, Anne-Sophie Domelier, and Cindy Jouannet
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Serotype, DNA, Bacterial, Genotype, Virulence Factors, Colony Count, Microbial, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacterial Proteins, Pregnancy, Streptococcal Infections, Genetic variation, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Serotyping, Genetic diversity, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, DNA Fingerprinting, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Carriage, Genetic marker, Carrier State, Vagina, Female
Abstract: We screened 500 pregnant women who had no risk factors for Streptococcus agalactiae vaginal carriage, and isolated 39 S. agalactiae strains (8 %). The density of carriage was low in 16 cases (41 %), intermediate in 16 cases (41 %) and heavy in seven cases (18 %). Strains were mostly of serotype III (41 %), Ia (26 %) and V (18 %). Thirty-five strains had at least one of five genetic markers that have been associated with virulent phylogenetic subgroups of strains. Using PCR, nine strains (23 %) were identified as belonging to CC17. The 39 vaginal strains that were studied exhibited a substantial genetic diversity; there were 39 PFGE profiles and 13 variants defined on the basis of the five genetic markers studied. The prevalence of the studied genetic characteristics was similar for strains associated with all three classes of density of carriage. These data suggest that genetic features that are markers of S. agalactiae strains able to invade the central nervous system of neonates are not determinants for vaginal adaptation.
Published: 2009

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