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We presented the structure-based approach (molecular docking and MD simulation) to understand the dynamics behavior and inhibitory efficiency of pyranocoumarin derivatives against α-glucosidase at the molecular level.

Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah memiliki penduduk yang didominasi oleh usia muda/dewasa dan pemerintah daerah selalu berupaya meningkatkan kualitas SDM sebagai salah satu kiat menuju penguatan ekonomi yang merupakan fokus perhatian pemerintah. Departemen Kimia Universitas Airlangga mendukung usaha pemerintah daerah dengan menyelenggarakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat kepada guru SMA bidang Kimia dan siswa SMA. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 22 – 23 Agustus 2022 dan meliputi 3 program utama. Pertama, kegiatan pelatihan skrining bioaktivitas ekstrak tanaman dan penggunaan aplikasi Chemdraw sebagai platform pembelajaran siswa diperuntukkan kepada guru SMA sederajat. Kedua, kegiatan sosialisasi pendidikan sarjana dan demonstrasi praktikum kimia ditargetkan kepada siswa SMA sederajat. Kedua kegiatan ini diselenggarakan di SMAN 1 Pangkalan Bun, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat. Ketiga, international community service yang dihadiri melalui zoom meeting oleh mahasiswa internasional dan terintegrasi dengan program pengmas untuk siswa SMA. Rangkaian kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat membuka wawasan guru dan siswa SMA dalam mengimplementasikan merdeka belajar. Merdeka belajar merupakan pendekatan yang dilakukan agar siswa dapat mengoptimalkan bakat dan minat guna memberikan sumbangsih terbaik bagi bangsa.

Antimicrobial drug resistance has become a global challenge and one of utmost concern due to the global epidemiological infections. Medicinal plants have long performed an essential role in medicine and can be an essential source of recent antimicrobials and techniques for treating resistance. Clausena is a genus in the Rutaceae family which are widely recognized and utilized in traditional medicines. Many members of this genus have been a primary source of medications and drug history. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the secondary metabolites from the roots, stems, leaves, rhizomes, twigs, seeds, fruits, and flowers of several Clausena species has been widely examined and was found to be more effective against bacteria with Clausena anisata being the most promising specie. A total of 16 active compounds including 12 alkaloids, 2 coumarins, and 2 terpenoids were reported to be isolated from different parts of the plant species with mukonal being the only compound that shows dual potency both against fungi and protozoa. This review aims to sum up research advances made from 2000 to date, on the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities of Clausena species, and highlight the potential use of Clausena plants in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

We report a natural product compound isolated from Syzygium polycephalum known as 3,4,3′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (T-EA) as a candidate drug for cancer treatment using in vitro and in silico approaches.

We presented pharmacokinetic study, molecular docking, and MD simulation to study β-sitosterol and oleanolic acid compounds and potential HSD17B1 inhibitors.

There has been an increase in the reported cases of tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is still currently affecting most of the world’s population, especially in resource-limited countries. The search for novel antitubercular chemotherapeutics from underexplored natural sources is therefore of paramount importance. The renewed interest in studies related to natural products, driven partly by the growing incidence of MDR-TB, has increased the prospects of discovering new antitubercular drug leads. This is because most of the currently available chemotherapeutics such as rifampicin and capreomycin used in the treatment of TB were derived from natural products, which are proven to be an abundant source of novel drugs used to treat many diseases. To meet the global need for novel antibiotics from natural sources, various strategies for high-throughput screening have been designed and implemented. This review highlights the current antitubercular drug discovery strategies from natural sources.

We report a natural product compound isolated from

Plants are the storage place for many active ingredients that are currently used in pharmaceuticals. Proofs have been expanded for ages to indicate the profitable capacity of medicinal plants used in various infections, especially for cancer treatment. The plants, Chromolaena odorata (Family Asteraceae), Croton oblongifolius Roxb. (Family Euphorbiaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Family Menispermaceae), Melastoma malabathricum L. (Family Melastomaceae), and Dioscorea bulbifera (Family Dioscoreaceae) have been used for a long time in Myanmar’s traditional medicine. This study aimed to review systematically the cytotoxic activity of the whole plants and their extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from these selected medicinal plants. This chapter also be substantiated for additional analysis on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological action of therapeutic plants species in Myanmar.

Phytochemical study of the hexane fruits peel extract of Lansium domesticum contributed to the discovery of onoceranoid-type triterpene, onoceradienedione 1. The structure of the isolated compound was done by advance spectroscopic techniques, comprising IR, UV, 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra data. Moreover, hexane extract and isolated compound 1 were examined for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa, T47D, and A549 cells. The results revealed the significance cytotoxic activity in the hexane extract.

Sargassum duplicatum and Padina tetrastromatica seaweed species collected from oil and a non-oil extraction site at Madura Island were investigated in this study for selected bioactivities, heavy metals and toxicity effects. The collected seaweeds were evaluated for their phytochemical constituents, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activities, antidiabetic activities, anticancer activities, toxicities and heavy metals using Folin-Ciocalteus method, the 2,2-diphernyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), α-glucosidase enzyme, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. The crude extracts (C), normal hexane (N), ethyl acetate (E), and methanol residue fractions (M) were studied. The highest TPC (589.79 ± 7.14 mg GAE/g) was observed in ethyl acetate fraction of P. tetrastromatica from the non-oil extraction site. Meanwhile, the crude extracts and all fractions showed potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities with ethyl acetate fraction of P. tetrastromatica from non-oil extraction site displaying the highest effects (IC50 25.25 ± 5.15, 249.12 ± 1.77 and 70.56 ± 2.56 µg/mL: antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic activities respectively). In the brine shrimp assay, the crude extracts and all fractions of both species from the two sites were non-toxic with exception of the hexane fraction of P. tetrastromatica from oil site which was very toxic after 24 h incubation. However, the crude extract of S. duplicatum and ethyl acetate fraction of P. tetrastromatica from oil extraction site were mildly toxic except the hexane fraction of P. tetrastromatica from oil site which was very toxic after 48 h incubation while samples of both species from the non-oil site were nontoxic. In each species, the concentration of Cd from the oil extraction site was higher than those of the non-oil site with the values of P. tetrastromatica leading and a similar observation occurred Cu in P. tetrastromatica but the same Cu was negligible in S. duplicatum as Pb was negligible in both species. According to the findings of this current study, it is safe to conclude that both S. duplicatum and P. tetrastromatica from Madura Island have antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activity, we therefore recommend these species from the non-oil extraction site for drug candidates against the various health abnormally they seem to inhibit.

Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, have tended to cause adverse effects for patients. An alternative that can be described is the development of natural-based cancer therapies that have relatively low side effects. The development of Na-alginate as a matrix for nanoencapsulation of Uncaria gambir has shown growth inhibition activity against HeLa and T47D cell lines. The EC50 ± SE of U. gambir extract on the HeLa cell line was 1055.14 ± 42.52 µg/mL while on the T47D cell line 297.15 ± 15.41 µg/mL. On the other hand, the Ug-NPs anticancer activity was substantially higher with EC50 ± SE for HeLa cell line 28.12 ± 27.10 µg/mL, and T47D cell line 10.39 ± 3.50 µg/mL. Therefore, the nanoencapsulation of U. gambir extracts has increased solubility, selectivity, and activity.

This article attempts to report native growth, plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium aqueum, S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. guineense and S. samarangense. Those are the large public species in the Syzygium genus and some of them have been used as traditional medicines. Different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits, barks, stem barks and flower buds) of each species plant are rich in phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and phenolics. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, toxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities are reported in various extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) from different parts of Syzygium sp. The bioactivities were studied by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays for antioxidant, 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for anticancer, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays for antidiabetic, agar well diffusion method for antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay for toxicity. Moreover, this review shows that phytochemical constituents of each species significantly presented various bioactivities. Therefore, this review suggests that there is great potential for obtaining the lead drug from these species.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Casimiroa edulis afforded four coumarins. Various spectroscopic experiments were used to characterize the isolated coumarins. The structures were identified as auraptene (K-1), suberosin (K-2), 5-geranyloxypsoralen (bergamottin) (K-3), and 8-geranyloxypsoralen (K-4), based on the chemical and spectral analysis. Among these compounds, suberosin (K-2) and 5-geranyloxypsoralen (bergamottin) (K-3) were isolated for the first time from this genus, and auraptene (K-1) was isolated from this plant for the first time. Cytotoxicity of pure compound K-4 and sub-fraction MD-3 was evaluated against HeLa and T47D cell lines and moderate activity was found with an IC50 value in the range 17.4 to 72.33 μg/mL.

New derivatives were obtained from natural nordentatin (1) previously isolated from the methanol fraction of Clausena excavata by an acylation method. Herein, we report ten new pyranocoumarin derivatives 1a–1j. Their structures were elucidated based on UV-vis, FT-IR, NMR, and DART-MS data. The α-glucosidase inhibition and anticancer activities of nordentatin (1) and its derivatives were also evaluated. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay exhibited that the derivatives 1b, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1h, 1i, and 1j possess higher inhibitory activity for α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.54, 9.05, 4.87, 20.25, 12.34, 5.67, and 2.43 mM, whereas acarbose was used as the positive control, IC50 = 7.57 mM. All derivatives exhibited a weak cytotoxicity against a cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line with the IC50 between 0.25 and 1.25 mM. They also showed moderate to low growth inhibition of a breast cancer (T47D) cell line with IC50 values between 0.043 and 1.5 mM, but their activity was lower than that of the parent compound, nordentatin (1) (IC50 = 0.041 mM).

About 140 genera and more than 1,600 species belong to the Rutaceae family. They grow in temperate and tropical zones on both hemispheres, as trees, shrubs, and herbs. Casimiroa is one of the genera constituting 13 species, most of which are found in tropical and subtropical regions. Many chemical constituents have been derived from this genus, including quinoline alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, and N-benzoyltyramide derivatives. This article reviews different studies carried out on aromatic compounds of genus Casimiroa; their biological activities; the different skeletons of coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and others; and their characteristic NMR spectral data.

Secondary metabolite compounds have a very diverse structure that is widely used as a source of new drug discovery because they have a variety of bioactivity. But in its development, there are several problems related to these compounds including low bioavailability, low solubility and instability in the metabolic process. Modification of the structure of secondary metabolites is used to answer all these problems. One of the processed was by synthesising the ester derivative compounds through the chemical and enzymatic esterification reaction. Esters derivatives of secondary metabolite compounds can increase the diversity of structures, allow for increased biological activity and even new biological activity of these compounds. This review will discuss various processes of modification of the structure of secondary metabolite compounds through chemical and enzymatic esterification reactions that have been reported from 1994-2019.

Three stigmastane steroids: 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (1), stigmast-4-en-3-one (2), and 3-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (3) were successfully isolated from the acetone extract of Dryobalanps oblongifolia stem bark. The structural determination of isolated compounds was carried out on the basis of data analysis of NMR and MS spectra. In order to identify the antiplasmodial activity, the isolated compound was put to test against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. Antiplasmodial activity of the isolated compounds showed that the IC50 values of 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one were 37.29 μg/mL while the IC50 values of stigmast-4-en-3-one were 43.54 μg/mL and the IC50 values of 3-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one were 13.34 μg/mL (chloroquine phosphate was used as a positive control, IC50 0.006 μg/mL). Judging from the results, the isolated compounds were proven to demonstrate mediocre antiplasmodial activity. Compound (3) indicated a better antimalarial activity than compound (1) and (2), even though there was no satisfactory activity that indicated its ability to combat chloroquine. Therefore, it might not be developed as an antimalarial drug.

Chalcone can be synthesized using some methods, but conventional Claisen-Schmidt condensation is still the bestmethod. The objevtives of this study were to synthesize some chalcone derivatives using conventional ClaisenSchmidt condensation by reacting 2-hydroxyacetophenone and some substituted benzaldehydes using NaOH 40%, followed by evaluating their cytotoxicity in vitro against HeLa cancer cells line using MTT method and analyzing molecular docking on p53 and MDM2 interaction. Cytotoxicity test exhibited that 2,5-dimethoxy-2´- hydroxychalcone and 4-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone gave very low IC50, but both did not show potential apoptosis activity, while in docking analysis 4-chloro-2'-hydroxychalcone showing the best results.

A combination of computational techniques has been carried out to predict the binding of nordentatin derivatives based on pyranocoumarin semi-synthesis with the target protein from the expression of the PDE4B gene. The inhibition of the cAMP pathway is the main target of anti-cancer drugs, which is responsible for uncontrolled cell division in cancer. Modeling was done using a combination of semi-empirical methods and the density functional theory (PM3-DFT/6-31G*/B3LYP) to obtain the optimal structure of a small ligand that could be modeled. Studies on the interaction of the ligands and amino acid residues on protein targets were carried out using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Molecular docking based on functional grid scores showed a very good native ligand pose with an RMSD of 0.93 A in determining the initial coordinates of the ligand–receptor interactions. Furthermore, the amino acid residues responsible for interaction through H-bonds were Tyr103, His104, His177, Met217, and Gln313. The binding free energy (kcal mol−1) results of the candidates were PS-1 (−36.84 ± 0.31), PS-2 (−35.34 ± 0.28), PS-3 (−26.65 ± 0.30), PS-5 (−42.66 ± 0.26), PS-7 (−35.33 ± 0.23), and PS-9 (−32.57 ± 0.20), which are smaller than that of the native ligand Z72 (−24.20 ± 0.19), and thus these have good potential as drugs that can inhibit the cAMP pathway. These results provide theoretical information for the efficient inhibition of the cAMP pathway in the future.

All around the world, patients with diabetes and the prevalence of its disease are currently growing. Due to these side effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and oxidative stress in complicating diabetes, there is growing interest in drugs, which possess dual function as both type II diabetes mellitus treatment and oxidative stress treatment. The objective of this research is to search effective antidiabetes and antioxidant bioactive compounds from the Myanmar medicinal plantClausena excavata. The root part ofC. excavatawas successfully extracted with 95% ethanol and followed by column chromatographic separation technique. The structure of isolated pure compounds was elucidated by using methods of spectroscopic such as UV-Vis, IR, NMR and HRFABMS spectrometry. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed against baker’s yeast and rat intestine (sucrose and maltase) α-glucosidases. The activity of isolated compounds’ antioxidant was measured by using DPPH assay. Among the tested enzymes, the two isolated compounds, which were dentatin (1) and heptaphylline (2), exhibited highest inhibitory on maltase enzymes with IC50values 6.75 and 11.46 μM; as positive control, acarbose (IC50, 2.35 μM) was utilized. Moreover, scavenging activity was found to be present upon seeing the result of antioxidant activity investigation of (1) and (2) (IC50values 2.66 and 1.55 mM), where ascorbic acid (IC500.012 mM) was used as standard. Both compounds showed their antidiabetic and antioxidant activity with different fashion, especially exhibited strongest activity against on maltase α-glucosidase.

The seawater fishery in Dusun Sine has the higher potentials, due to its location near the coastal area of Sine Beach. In general, the people in Dusun Sine make a living as sea fishermen. However, the income of the marine fishing community has not maximized because the community still uses the conventional marine product processing production system, so that the marketing of processed marine fish products is also limited. As an effort to increase the selling value of processed marine fish, the International Community Service Group empowers fishermen's wives in Sine Hamlet by conducting several activity programs in the form of socializing the manufacture of modern marine processed products in the form of Sine Foodies, home industry food (PIRT), and the use of e-commerce. This activity was held to use a health protocol and through a presentation method on product marketing licensing in the form of PIRT socialization and marketing of processed marine fish products with e-commerce as well as demonstrations on the process of making processed marine fish products in the form of shredded fish and fish balls using attractive packaging. Participants in the socialization were fishermen's wives, village cadres, and prospective entrepreneurs from Kalibatur Village. Keywords: Assistance, processed marine fish products, Processing, Licensing management, Marketing Abstrak Sektor perikanan air laut yang ada di Dusun Sine, Desa Kalibatur, Kecamatan Kalidawir, Kabupaten Tulungagung, memiliki potensi yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan letaknya yang berada di dekat wilayah pesisir Pantai Sine. Secara umum, masyarakat di Dusun Sine bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan laut. Namun, pendapatan masyarakat nelayan laut belum maksimal karena masyarakat masih menggunakan sistem produksi pengolahan hasil laut secara konvensional, sehingga pemasaran produk hasil olahan ikan laut juga terbatas dengan seadanya. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai jual hasil olahan ikan laut, Tim Pengabdian masyarakat Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Airlangga dengan didukung penuh oleh Kelompok mahasiswa KKN Internasional, FST, UNAIR melakukan upaya pemberdayaan para istri nelayan di Dusun Sine dengan melakukan beberapa program kegiatan berupa sosialisasi pembuatan hasil olahan laut secara modern berupa Sine Foodies , pangan industri rumah tangga (PIRT), serta penggunaan e-commerce . Kegiatan ini diselenggarakan menggunakan protokol kesehatan dan melalui metode presentasi mengenai perijinan pemasaran produk berupa sosialisasi PIRT dan pemasaran produk hasil olahan ikan laut dengan e-commerce serta demonstrasi mengenai proses pembuatan produk hasil olahan ikan laut yang berupa abon ikan dan bakso ikan dengan menggunakan kemasan yang menarik. Peserta sosialisasi adalah para istri nelayan, kader desa, dan calon pengusaha yang berasal dari Dusun Sine, Desa Kalibatur. Kata Kunci: Pendampingan, Produksi makanan olahan hasil laut, Pengurusan perijinan, Pemasaran

An investigation on dolabellane derivatives to understand their potential in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro) using anin silicoapproach.

Revived analysis interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel antileishmanial drug leads have been driven partially by the increasing incidence of drug resistance. However, the search for novel chemotherapeutics to combat drug resistance had previously concentrated on the terrestrial environment. As a result, the marine environment was often overlooked. For example, actinomycetes are an immensely important group of bacteria for antibiotic production, producing two-thirds of the known antibiotics. However, these bacteria have been isolated primarily from terrestrial sources. Consequently, there have been revived efforts to discover new compounds from uncharted or uncommon environments like the marine ecosystem. Isolation, purification and structure elucidation of target compounds from complex metabolic extract are major challenges in natural products chemistry. As a result, marine-derived natural products from actinomycetes that have antileishmanial bioactivity potentials have been understudied. This review highlights metagenomic and bioassay approaches which could help streamline the drug discovery process thereby greatly reducing time and cost of dereplication to identify suitable antileishmanial drug candidates., Antileishmanial, Actinomycetes, Marine-resources, Metagenomic, Drug discovery.

Objective: The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective role of Solanum betaceum against memory impairment due to chronic cigarette smoke exposure in rat brain. Methods: Adult male albino rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 28 days, 3 pc cigarette/day, and simultaneously administered with S. betaceum in Groups K2, K3, and K4 (100 mg/kg b.w/day, 200 mg/kg b.w/day, and 400 mg/kg b.w/day), respectively. The level of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), c-AMP response element binding (CREB) protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), number of neuron and glial cells, and memory was also measured. Results: S. betaceum administration could prevent from memory impairment significantly (p0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke compromised the memory functions. The result of this study shown that administration of S.betaceum could inhibit memory impairment and inhibit the decrease of neuron cells , increase the level of BDNF and number of glia cells including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The mechanism of S. betaceum to prevent memory impairment through activation of CREB (the transcription factor) which further enhances the formation of BDNF (the neurotrophic factors), thus increase activation of the glia cells to protect brain cell damage, thus preventing memory impairment due to cigarette smoke exposure.

A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based linear cavity L-band dual wavelength fiber laser (DWFL) with a switchable output is proposed and its operation demonstrated. The DWFL is configured as a linear cavity, with a 1 × 24 arrayed waveguide grating together with two optical switches providing channel spacing tunability. An L-band SOA, with a central operating wavelength of 1580 nm and an operation bandwidth of 1500–1640 nm serves as the gain medium of the proposed laser cavity. The DWFL is able to generate a dual-wavelength output, with the widest spacing obtained being 18.7 nm and the narrowest spacing being 0.8 nm. The generated output is highly stable, with only minor power fluctuations of less than 2 dB as well as having a signal-to-noise ratio of 42 dB. The proposed setup would have numerous uses, particularly for sensor applications.

A new pyrano coumarin, identified as excavatin A (1) together with two known compounds nordentatin (2) and binorpocitrin (3) was isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of Clausena excavata. All structures were elucidated by using spectroscopy methods such as extensive NMR and HR-FAB-MS spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were tested on antidiabetes activity by using α-glucosidase inhibition assay and the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. Compounds 1-3 showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values 0.286, 0.02, 0.278 mM. Among them, 2 exhibited inhibition activity against maltase (IC50 5.45 µM) and sucrase (IC50 43.57 µM). However, compounds (1) and (3) displayed inhibition on yeast α-glucosidase with IC50 values 1.92 and 5.58 mM.

An acid-base titration is one of the quantitative analysis methods involving a high-polluting, harmful, hazardous, and relatively expensive synthetic indicator. The development of the concept of green chemistry encourages research to invent natural indicators that are more environmentally friendly. Impatiens balsamina L. flower has a variety of colors and contains anthocyanin pigments. Rose pink, red, violet, orangish red, and pink Impatiens balsamina L. flower were extracted with acidified ethanol solvent. All five I. balsamina L. flower extracts indicate discoloration on pH range 10-12. Violet flower extract has an error percentage of strong acid-strong base titration which was 50.48 ± 2.18%, while in strong acid-weak base titration was 19.27 ± 1.15%. Meanwhile, it cannot be applied in weak acids-strong base titration. Thus, I. balsamina L. flowers can be used as an alternative to environment-friendly natural acid-base indicators.

Syzygium genus in Myrtaceae family is a rich source of phytochemical constituents that possess various bioactivities. One of well-known species of this genus, Syzygium aqueum, has been already utilized as traditional medicine. This plant is cultivated in countries of tropical regions of the world such as Malaysia and Indonesia. The aim of this study was intended to isolate phytochemical constituents from the stem bark of S. aqueum. To date, there have been no reports of chemical substances isolated from the stem bark of this plant. The powder of the stem bark was extracted followed by partitioned in order to obtain n-hexane extract which then was separated using silica gel column chromatographic several times until the pure compounds were resulted. The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopie method including Fouirer Transform Infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and were known as 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol & butyrospermol 3-β-O-palmitate, respectively. The spectoscopie data of those compounds were compared with references.

Plants are the key source for the production of novel therapeutic products for new medicines. The biological properties of the plant species used world wide are mainly accountable for their secondary metabolites obtained from plants. The goal of this analysis is to summarize the chemical composition and biological effects of the genus Sida (Malvaceae) to identify potential research opportunities. This analysis draws on the literature review of scientific journals, and books from libraries, and electronic sources like ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and the Website. Some groups of secondary metabolite compounds isolated from the genus Sida include alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarin, and others. Pharmacological experiments found that there are a wide variety of biological activities in extracts and compounds isolated from the genus Sida comprising antimalarial, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, analgesic, antibacterial, antioxidant, vasorelaxant, wound healing, antifungal activities, the inhibition of quinone reductase, and mouse mammary organ culture., Sida, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Coumarin, Anticancer, Antidiabetic

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Taunggyi University, Shan State (South), Myanmar Master Degree Student, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Tadulako University, Jalan Soekarno Hatta, Tondo 94118, Palu, Indonesia Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan Department of Chemistry, Mandalay University, Mandalay, Myanmar E-mail: nanik-s-a@fst.unair.ac.id Manuscript received online 20 January 2020, revised 24 February 2020, accepted 03 April 2020 Research on natural products has been rapidly increasing recently, as isolation and synthetic techniques have progressed, and a wide variety of biological properties have been found. This work is planned to analyze the phytochemical constituents of the stem of Eucalyptus deglupta. Two known compounds, ��-sitosterol (K-1) and ��-sitostenone (K-2), were isolated from the hexane extract of Eucalyptus deglupta. Two compounds have been identified by extensive techniques of spectroscopy (IR, NMR, and high-resolution MS) and by comparison with the literature data. The two compounds are known and isolated from other plants, but they are recorded for the first time from this plant. In addition, ��-sitostenone (K-2) was isolated for the first time in genus Eucalyptus.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Taunggyi University, Shan State (South), Myanmar Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan Department of Chemistry, Mandalay University, Mandalay, Myanmar E-mail: nanik-s-a@fst.unair.ac.id Manuscript received online 21 November 2019, revised and accepted 02 December 2019 Three quaiane-type sesquiterpenes named curcumenol (1), zedoarondiol (2), and (1S,4S,5S,10R)-isozedoarondiol (3) were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma comosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were tested by MTT assay. Compounds 2 and 3 showed the most potent activities against T47D cell line with IC50 values 12.13 and 10.93 µg/mL, respectively