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Introduction: The prevalence of Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing among adults. Histopathologic samples obtained after surgical resection or from biopsies of a renal mass require subtype classification for diagnosis, prognosis, and to determine surveillance. Deep learning in artificial intelligence (AI) and pathomics are rapidly advancing, leading to numerous applications such as histopathological diagnosis. In our meta-analysis, we assessed the pooled diagnostic performances of deep neural network (DNN) frameworks in detecting RCC subtypes and to predicting survival., Methods: A systematic search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus from inception to November 2023. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled percentages, mean, and 95% confidence interval. Accuracy was defined as the number of cases identified by AI out of the total number of cases, i.e. (True Positive + True Negative)/(True Positive + True Negative + False Positive + False Negative). The heterogeneity between study-specific estimates was assessed by the I 2 statistic. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct and report the analysis., Results: The search retrieved 347 studies; 13 retrospective studies evaluating 5340 patients were included in the final analysis. The pooled performance of the DNN was as follows: accuracy 92.3% (95% CI: 85.8-95.9; I 2 = 98.3%), sensitivity 97.5% (95% CI: 83.2-99.7; I 2 = 92%), specificity 89.2% (95% CI: 29.9-99.4; I 2 = 99.6%) and area under the curve 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97.3; I 2 = 99.6%). Specifically, their accuracy in RCC subtype detection was 93.5% (95% CI: 88.7-96.3; I 2 = 92%), and the accuracy in survival analysis prediction was 81% (95% CI: 67.8-89.6; I 2 = 94.4%)., Discussion: The DNN showed excellent pooled diagnostic accuracy rates to classify RCC into subtypes and grade them for prognostic purposes. Further studies are required to establish generalizability and validate these findings on a larger scale., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chandramohan, Garapati, Nangia, Simhadri, Lapsiwala, Jena and Singh.)

Background: The predictability of direct pulp capping (DPC) depends on the quality of the dentin bridge formation and the inflammatory response to the capping material. Various materials are available with variable success., Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate histologically the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide, mineral aggregate, and dentin bonding agent when used as DPC in mechanically exposed adult pulp tissue., Materials and Methods: Pulpal exposures were made in 45 intact human premolars, scheduled for extraction for orthodontic purposes. Teeth were capped with hard setting calcium hydroxide (Dycal), mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA), and dentin bonding agent (adper Single Bond). The final restoration was done with posterior composites using resin-modified glass-ionomer cement as a base. Pulps of teeth were evaluated histologically at the 15 th and 45 th day for inflammatory cell response and dentin bridge formation according to the criteria described by Cox et al . The statistical analysis of data was done using Chi-square test and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statsiticlly significant., Results: MTA as DPC agent showed milder inflammatory response compared to Dycal and Single Bond. The quality of bridge formation by MTA was similar to Dycal, which took the least time. Adper Single Bond Plus and Dycal showed a significantly higher degree of pulpal inflammation. Among all materials used, Adper Single Bond Plus took the longest time for both the resolution of pulpal inflammation and improvement of the quality of bridge formation., Conclusion: Based on the result, it can be concluded that Dycal and MTA produce similar types of dentin bridge formation when used a DPC agent. Adper Single Bond has the potential to be used as DPC agents, but it takes a longer time for the resolution of inflammation and dentin bridge formation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Conservative Dentistry.)

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis, with over 33 million cases and 999 000 deaths worldwide. Data are needed regarding the clinical course of hospitalised patients, particularly in the USA. We aimed to compare clinical characteristic of patients with COVID-19 who had in-hospital mortality with those who were discharged alive., Design: Demographic, clinical and outcomes data for patients admitted to five Mount Sinai Health System hospitals with confirmed COVID-19 between 27 February and 2 April 2020 were identified through institutional electronic health records. We performed a retrospective comparative analysis of patients who had in-hospital mortality or were discharged alive., Setting: All patients were admitted to the Mount Sinai Health System, a large quaternary care urban hospital system., Participants: Participants over the age of 18 years were included., Primary Outcomes: We investigated in-hospital mortality during the study period., Results: A total of 2199 patients with COVID-19 were hospitalised during the study period. As of 2 April, 1121 (51%) patients remained hospitalised, and 1078 (49%) completed their hospital course. Of the latter, the overall mortality was 29%, and 36% required intensive care. The median age was 65 years overall and 75 years in those who died. Pre-existing conditions were present in 65% of those who died and 46% of those discharged. In those who died, the admission median lymphocyte percentage was 11.7%, D-dimer was 2.4 μg/mL, C reactive protein was 162 mg/L and procalcitonin was 0.44 ng/mL. In those discharged, the admission median lymphocyte percentage was 16.6%, D-dimer was 0.93 μg/mL, C reactive protein was 79 mg/L and procalcitonin was 0.09 ng/mL., Conclusions: In our cohort of hospitalised patients, requirement of intensive care and mortality were high. Patients who died typically had more pre-existing conditions and greater perturbations in inflammatory markers as compared with those who were discharged., Competing Interests: Competing interests: GNN reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Renalytix AI, non-financial support from Pensieve Health, personal fees from AstraZeneca, BioVie, GLG Consulting, from outside the submitted work. AL reports personal fees from Zoll, outside the submitted work. ZAF reports grants from Daiichi Sankyo, grants from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb and Siemens Healthineers, personal fees from Alexion, GlaxoSmithKline, Trained Therapeutix Discovery, outside the submitted work. In addition, ZAF has patents licensed to Trained Therapeutix Discovery. The other authors have nothing to disclose., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

An indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized for the identification of ECHO viruses isolated in buffalo green monkey (BGM) kidney cell culture on inoculation of 113 sewage samples. Comparable results were obtained with both indirect and sandwich ELISA for the identification of ECHO viruses in respect of 15 out of 34 sewage samples which showed 75-100% CPE in BGM monolayers.