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If you want to visit Lucania, you could not find it on the map. The current name of the region is in fact Basilicata, whereas Lucania is the ancient name. However the historical toponym is often used because Lucania is a name full of hidden meanings. In this paper we're going to explore the place-name changes in Basilicata and their meanings specially in imaginary of literature.

Forestry higher education has been offered since 1857. This study investigates the alterations made in the tertiary forestry institution names in Turkey under three periods: (1) between the years 1857 and 1934, (2) between the years 1945 and 1948, and (3) between the years 2006 and 2018. The Faculty of Forestry was under the Ministry of Mining during the first period, which later became a unit under the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1934, during the Republican period, it became a subdivision of Ankara Yüksek Ziraat Enstitüsü (Ankara Institute of Advanced Agriculture, YZE). All those changes in this period improved the reputation of the institution and the occupation. In the second period, tertiary-level forestry education was separated from YZE and incorporated into Istanbul University. The faculty members and the councils of the Faculty of Forestry were directly involved in the decision-making processes required by this change. However, the third period is marked by regulations that were made without involving any forestry education institutions and professionals. Due to the lack of a clear higher education policy, the names of institutions have not been preserved and the formation of an academic tradition in the forestry institutions has been delayed.

From 2017 to 2019, a number of street names were changed in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya City by each Provincial Government for the purpose of celebrating the reconciliation between the Sundanese (West Java) and the Javanese (Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta) after years of dispute due to the infamous Bubat Tragedy which occurred in the 14th century. Some existing street names in Yogyakarta and Surabaya were changed to those associated with Sundanese history, such as Jalan Padjadjaran and Jalan Siliwangi, while some existing street names in Bandung were changed to those associated with Javanese history, such as Jalan Majapahit and Jalan Hayam Wuruk. The author explores this phenomenon using the concept of critical toponymies and examines the connections between naming, place-making, and power underlying such policy. This study found that, although the changes were made with good intentions, in some cases this was actually opposed by several factions within the local community because those changes could obliterate the historical significance and collective memory represented by the previous names. From theoretical perspective, this paper also discussed the successful and unsuccessful changes of street names, as well as their relevance to the current context. In other words, our findings can be taken into consideration in future policy-making process.

Este texto pretende abordar la operación de la adolescencia en el contexto de los movimientos sociales que tienen como característica subvertir discursos estatuidos. El trabajo de la adolescencia implica transformar lo que se ha recibido como herencia simbólica haciendo posible alguna apropiación singular de eso, incluso siempre marcada por algo de lo real que la trasciende y supera. El movimiento social que sirve de base para la discusión en el texto fue el denominado “Ocupa Escuela” reconocido como movimiento de las ocupaciones de escuelas por estudiantes de secundaria en Brasil entre el 2015 y el 2017; el análisis de ese movimiento es cruzado con hallazgos realizados en una investigación con adolescentes en Latinoamérica sobre nominación y cambios de nombres.

The American conchologist Isaac Lea had a long and productive career during which he introduced more than 1,800 names of molluscan species between 1827 and 1874, the majority North American land and freshwater species. His idiosyncratic way of publishing, by describing new taxa multiple times in duplicated and variously modified journal papers as well as in retitled collections of extracts, has led to considerable difficulties in determining accurate dates of his original descriptions. He considered the reading and presentation of a manuscript before a “learned society” as the date of its original publication and therefore his own recorded dates must be approached with caution. The problem of interpreting Lea's names was compounded by the fact that Lea frequently modified his own new taxonomic names in his subsequent publications, and often without providing justification for the change. The various name versions were inconsistently applied by subsequent authors. The current paper analyses Lea's substitutions and other modifications of his own names of molluscan species and discusses 131 of his publications in this context, for which attempts at precise dating were made. The status of these “replacements” of Lea's taxonomic names were evaluated under the current ICZN Code (1999). A few additional cases of changes of Lea's names by other authors are included; these are instances in which Lea had missed a primary homonym or a secondary homonym was discovered later. While some of the names here discussed are currently resting in synonymy, others are of greater current relevance as they are in use as valid names for taxa of conservation/management concern, including IUCN and U.S.-federally listed species. The following 98 discussions of often-complex name changes involve 348 species-group names and their subsequent spellings, 231 of which were introduced by Lea. Based on their current taxonomic status, the names belong to 4 bivalve and 11 gastropod families, with the vast majority concentrated in Unionidae and Pleuroceridae. Under the current ICZN Code, the investigated changes fall into many different categories, which impacts their nomenclatural availability: 35 names changed by Lea (plus 6 by other authors) are interpreted as substitute names for junior primary homonyms, 7 of which were unnecessary; 1 name (plus 6 by others) as substitute names for junior secondary homonyms, 1 of which was unnecessary; 13 names as justified emendations; 10 names (plus 1 by another) as unjustified emendations that have not entered prevailing usage; 1 name determined by his first reviser action; 37 names (plus many by others) as incorrect subsequent spellings that are not in prevailing usage; and 1 incorrect subsequent spelling that is shown to be in prevailing usage and thus considered a correct original spelling. The concept of “prevailing usage,” ill-defined under the current (1999) ICZN Code, is addressed in this context. The following names in current use are corrected as follows: Helix balasteriana I. Lea, 1840 (taxon inquirendum, ?Dyakiidae), Lioplax cyclostomatiformis (I. Lea, 1844), Diplodon demararaensis (I. Lea, 1859), Iheringella isocardiodes I. Lea, 1856, Dilatata brongniartiana (I. Lea, 1843), Elliptio nasutidus (I. Lea, 1863), Elliptio pullata (I. Lea, 1857), Pleurocera picta (I. Lea, 1841) [instead of P. curta (Haldeman, 1841), which is preoccupied] and Beringiana youconensis (I. Lea, 1847); many others are confirmed in their recently applied spellings. This work serves as an example that the basic endeavor of summarizing available and valid names from the published literature is not always a straightforward task.

This paper derives largely from my own experience during two international sojourns as a case study to tease out the salient elements of the dynamic processes involved in the exchange of my Chinese name Xing for an arbitrary English counterpart Helen, and then followed by reverting to Xing again. Contrary to previous studies that construe the issues of international students reconstructing their ethnic names into English ones as an innocuous expression of good will and cultural integration, this study argues that the neglected impact that these transitions of nomenclature have on the patronization of one’s ethnic identity should be addressed as a matter of significant importance. The methodological approach taken here will involve adopting a reflective philosophical self-narration of the ramifications on my ethnic identity associated with the name change. This analysis will be extrapolated and further developed within Cross’s five-stage model, arguing that the name change process is indicative of a developing awareness of one’s ethnic identity.

espanolEste articulo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la interseccion aun en gran parte inexplorada de la traduccion y las identidades no cisgenero a traves de una comparacion de tres reediciones de The Well of Loneliness (1928) de Radclyffe Hall en traduccion checa. Si bien muchos consideran que la novela es la historia lesbica mas famosa publicada en el siglo XX, tambien puede leerse como una narrativa con una protagonista transgenero. Esto se debe en parte al hecho de que el heroe de la historia nace con un cuerpo femenino pero se llama Stephen, lo que crea una sensacion de disonancia de genero en toda la novela. Este articulo pregunta que sucede cuando este nombre masculino cambia a uno femenino en la traduccion, y explora las circunstancias sociopoliticas y las normas de publicacion que han motivado este cambio. EnglishThis article aims to contribute to the still largely unexplored intersection of translation and non-cisgender identities through a comparison of three reeditions of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness (1928) in Czech translation. While the novel is considered by many to be the most famous lesbian story published in the 20th century, it can also be read as a narrative with a transgender protagonist. This is in part supported by the fact that the hero of the story is born with a female body but is named Stephen, creating a sense of gendered dissonance throughout the novel. This article asks what happens when this masculine name changes into a feminine one in translation, and explores the sociopolitical circumstances and publishing norms that have motivated this change.

Nestle was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle. It started off with one man’s initiative to produce infant formula (for infants who are intolerant to their mothers’ milk) and grew into a multinational corporation worldwide. Nestle has more than 250,000 employees worldwide and factories all around globally. The infant product was so successful that it created demand all over Europe. Eventually This success brought in many business joint ventures and the company underwent many name changes along the way. Nestle started to enhance its product varieties and started to introduce baby cereals, breakfast cereals, chocolates, bottled drinks, beverages, icecreams, dairy products, food seasoning, pet food and many more. The product’s growth was encouraged by aggressive R&D (Research & Development). Nestle is a successful company that has been around for 145 years and still its headquarter in Vevey,Switzerland. The company’s “objectives are to be recognized as the world leader and Nutrition, Health, and Wellness, trusted by all its stakeholders and to be the reference for financial performance in its industry” .Nestle Environmental Advisory Group meets regularly to review current environmental issues and to anticipate potential concerns.A Review of the three most recent annual reports, which include the company’s balance sheet and income statement, displayed how Nestle is trying to be the reference of financial performance in its industry. Reviewing the company’s assets, liabilities, andrevenues reiterates Nestle’s success over the past couple of years. Today Nestle is seen across grocery stores; however, the general population identifies them based on their brands.Nestle’s most recent achievement was the purchase of Kraft Frozen pizza business.

The market reaction on changes in corporate's name on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study tried to investigate empirically market reaction over the announcement of corporate name changes of companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The market reaction is measured by using abnormal return with a single index model approach. The database of corporate name change announcements on the Indonesia Stock Exchange has obtained from an annual fact book report. The sample of this study consists of the companies that make a name change from 2005 to 2017. Hypothesis test uses one sample t-test. This research's result proves that there was a positive and significant market reaction to the corporate name change announcement. Moreover, This research’s result shows that there was a positive and significant reaction on the corporate name change announcement which is included on major change while at the corporate name change announcement which included on minor change there was no significant market reaction.

Safety and equity concerns prompt some journals and scientific societies to hasten use of new names on transgender authors’ works. Safety and equity concerns prompt some journals and scientific societies to hasten use of new names on transgender authors’ works.

The unambiguous application of fungal names is important to communicate scientific findings. Names are critical for (clinical) diagnostics, legal compliance, and regulatory controls, such as biosafety, food security, quarantine regulations, and industrial applications. Consequently, the stability of the taxonomic system and the traceability of nomenclatural changes is crucial for a broad range of users and taxonomists. The unambiguous application of names is assured by the preservation of nomenclatural history and the physical organisms representing a name. Fungi are extremely diverse in terms of ecology, lifestyle, and methods of study. Predominantly unicellular fungi known as yeasts are usually investigated as living cultures. Methods to characterize yeasts include physiological (growth) tests and experiments to induce a sexual morph; both methods require viable cultures. Thus, the preservation and availability of viable reference cultures are important, and cultures representing reference material are cited in species descriptions. Historical surveys revealed drawbacks and inconsistencies between past practices and modern requirements as stated in the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICNafp). Improper typification of yeasts is a common problem, resulting in a large number invalid yeast species names. With this opinion letter, we address the problem that culturable microorganisms, notably some fungi and algae, require specific provisions under the ICNafp. We use yeasts as a prominent example of fungi known from cultures. But viable type material is important not only for yeasts, but also for other cultivable Fungi that are characterized by particular morphological structures (a specific type of spores), growth properties, and secondary metabolites. We summarize potential proposals which, in our opinion, will improve the stability of fungal names, in particular by protecting those names for which the reference material can be traced back to the original isolate.

The current article summarizes recent changes in nomenclature for fungi of medical importance published in the years 2018 to 2019, including new species and revised names for existing ones. Many of the revised names have been widely adopted without further discussion. However, those that concern common pathogens of humans may take longer to achieve general usage, with new and current names reported together to engender increasing familiarity with the correct taxonomic classification.

Using the renaming of companies in the Chinese market, where managers are more likely to take advantage of cosmetic effects in an attempt to influence investors, we find that, during the announcement period, the stock price and trading activities both react positively to renaming, especially when it is for image improvement reasons. However, in the long run, renaming has negative BHARs (buy and hold abnormal returns). Over time, the market and investors overreact less to renaming. Companies with problematic financial performance and negative media coverage are more inclined to change their name. We offer new and more detailed evidence to support the rational pricing hypothesis, rather than the investor mania hypothesis.

The current article summarizes recent changes in nomenclature for fungi of medical importance published in the years 2018 to 2019, including new species and revised names for existing ones. Many of the revised names have been widely adopted without further discussion. However, those that concern common pathogens of humans may take longer to achieve general usage, with new and current names reported together to engender increasing familiarity with the correct taxonomic classification.

Cryptocurrencies have been broadly scrutinised in recent times for a host of concerning regulatory and cybercriminality issues. Although steps have been taken to promote regulatory sufficiency in the near future, we examine the avenues through which this extremely high-risk industry can derive potentially devastating contagion channels, influencing both unwilling and unsuspecting investors. We focus this research on the expressions of interest by publicly traded companies across the world to utilise cryptocurrency and blockchain projects. We find evidence that there exists a substantial stock price premium and sustained increase in volatility in the aftermath of blockchain announcements, with emphasis on highly-speculative motives such as coin creation and corporate name changes. Changes in price discovery and information flows are found to be largely determined from cryptocurrency-based pricing sources in the aftermath of speculative announcements. We discuss the inherent ethical and legal issues, considering as to whether such announcements are simply an attempt to artificially manipulate share prices and take part in the current phase of crypto-exuberance.

This paper examines the impact of blockchain and crypto-related name changes on corporate and financial performance of the corporations. We document several pieces of evidence suggesting that companies who partake in such "crypto-exuberant" naming practices become more volatile and offer substantial and persistent stock market premiums as a reward for their corporate identity change. However, the retroactive name changes harm firm’s short-term profitability and have a dampening effect on financial leverage of the company. This paper advances the Dotcom effect literature by providing novel results on the changing traditional pathways of price discovery and information flows after the announcement of corporate name changes to blockchain-related names. The identified contagion channels display that crypto-exuberant companies become more susceptible to cryptocurrency markets, which should interest regulators and investors.

Sjogren's syndrome should henceforth be known as Sjogren's disease. Our call for this is based on the precedence for such name changes in rheumatology as well as important differences between syndrome and disease. In addition, the struggle faced by Sjogren's patients to gain recognition for this serious autoimmune disease is difficult when some describe it as a collection of nuisance symptoms.

We are grateful to Dr. Kidd and her colleagues for the sensible and supportive stance adopted in their letter ([1][1]) in reply to our recent manuscript summarizing proposed name changes for fungi of medical importance ([2][2]), and for offering voices of reason in the heated Twitter exchanges that

In early 2019 Bangkok metro network included five lines operating on approx. 100 km of track in the city. The transport Master plan for the city sets an ambitious target of approx. 500 km of metro network by 2030. This will be achieved by expanding the existing and developing new metro lines in close collaboration between the governmental organisations and the private sector. However, in early stages of implementation of the expansion plan it was observed that metro lines operated by different companies use different strategies for station naming as well as station coding. This practice caused confusion as to which strategy to apply to the new lines. Therefore, this project aimed at looking into station naming strategies applied in other major cities in Asia and beyond in order to suggest practical solutions to all parties involved. In addition, an online survey was conducted in 2018, in which Bangkokians were asked to state their metro station names preferences and list problems they face with the existing names. Based on analysis of the literature review and survey data a set of tools was developed to facilitate a new strategy for station naming. These tools include: principles for metro station naming and a pyramid of station names categories. Also, potential name changes to four key metro interchanges are suggested. These findings are expected to be taken into account by the Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning when facilitating expansion of the metro network in Bangkok in the future. Moreover, some of these tools could be used by other cities expanding or developing metro networks in Asia and beyond, but first they would have to be adjusted to a local context.

The occurrence of different sponge species bearing the same Linnean binomial name combination, i.e. homonyms, is to be avoided for obvious reasons. In a review of sponge taxon names of the World Porifera Database, we detected 121 homonymic cases (115 species-group names, 6 genus-group names), involving a total of 272 nominal taxa. It is the object of the present study to remove their occurrence by proposing new names for the junior homonyms following the rules of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature as laid down in the Code (ICZN, 1999) and the on-line edition http://iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp . Homonym cases are discussed and, where applicable, junior homonyms are either replaced by nomina nova or reassigned to their earliest available synonyms. The order in which the homonyms are treated is alphabetical on original species name, with genus names separately treated at the end. A summary table with all proposed name changes is also presented to allow quick access to the junior homonyms and their proposed new names. A total of 116 nomina nova are proposed, including five new genus names.

Does a rebel party’s identity change impact its political success after civil wars end? Most work on political parties examines why parties change identities but does not examine the effects of such changes. In this article I examine whether identity change (indicated by party name changes and the official renunciation of violence) affects the political success of rebel parties in terms of seat shares won in the legislature, and inclusion into the executive. Using an original data set on rebel party identity change, I conduct both Prais–Winsten and logit regression analyses and find that although name changes have little impact on political success, renunciation of violence significantly increases the likelihood of both increased seat shares and inclusion in the executive. This finding has important implications regarding the impact of identity change and the transformation of rebel groups into political parties.

Each year, millions of women face the decision whether or not to change their names after marriage. One study found that region, gender role traditionalism, career orientation, and educational attainment predicted name changes (Johnson and Scheuble, 1995). Another line of research discovered that women who changed their names were perceived as less ambitious and less competent, but more caring than women who did not change their name (Noordewier et al., 2010). Despite the prevalence and importance of this decision, we know very little about marital name change among political leaders. In this study, we take a preliminary look at marital name change in the political arena by focusing on name changing among women serving in the U.S. House and U.S. Senate. We find that half of female legislators keep their name after marriage, and that Democrats, racial minorities, legislators who come from political families, legislators who were married later in life, and legislators who were first elected to office at a younger age are more likely to keep their names.

In modern Sri Lankan society, caste has become less significant as a marker of social identity and exclusion than was the case in the past. While acknowledging this trend across South Asian societies, the literature does not adequately explain why this is happening. Increasing urbanization, the growing number of inter-caste marriages, the expanding middle class, and the bulging youth population have all been suggested as contributory factors. In rural Sri Lanka, family names are used as identifiers of family and kinship groups within each caste. The people belonging to the “low castes” identified with derogatory village and family names are socially marginalized and stigmatized. Social segregation, marked with family names and traditional caste occupations, makes it difficult for the low-caste people to move up in the class ladder, and socialize in the public sphere. Political and economic development programs helped to improve the living conditions and facilities in low-caste villages, but the lowness of such castes continued to linger in the social fabric. Socially oppressed low-caste youth in rural villages moved to cities and the urban outskirts, found non-caste employment, and changed their names to acaste names. By analyzing newspaper notifications and selected ethnographic material, this article shows how name changes among the Sinhalese have facilitated individualization and socialization by people who change their names to acaste names and seek freedom to choose their own employment, residence, marriage partners, and involvement in activities of wider society—a form of assimilation, in the context of growing urbanization and modernization.

There was conducted a survey on a sample of 176 Polish investment funds. It studied how the name changes affected the size of fund flows in the years 2008–2016. In the analysis of these changes, there were applied three criteria. The first was a change in the name of the fund resulting from the change of the name of the management company. The second criterion was the ability to combine new fund names with their investment strategies. The resulting set of changes was divided into positive changes (the new name suggested a new investment style for the fund), neutral and negative (fund names were not linked to the investment policy). The third criterion were the types of funds (there were four groups of changes: for equity, mixed equity, debt and money market funds). In order to determine the impact of changes in fund names on fund flows, there were used differences in average fund flows before and after changes. For detailed results, a second method was used – event analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that changes in fund names have an impact on the size of fund flows even within a period of up to twelve months. The largest inflow of capitals to funds was demonstrated for positive changes, especially in the period from four to nine months after the change. In turn, the largest outflow of capital for negative changes was noted mainly in the period from seven to twelve months.

What story can place names tell about the significance of religion to national and regional societies? This study explores Christian place names in Czechia, Poland and Slovakia, three neighboring countries of Central Europe. Historically, these three nations share predominantly Catholic religious roots. More recently, however, their respective national societies display markedly different attitudes toward religion. Using FamilySearch Places (an online database of place names), the study examines the occurrence and spatial distribution of Christian place names. It considers when these names were initially coined and looks at changes involving Christian place names, since 1900. The research uncovers a number of apparent spatial patterns in Christian toponyms. With few exceptions, the observed name changes were religious to secular in nature.

A city landscape is always already politicised, but often the power, identity and discursive dynamics appear natural and politically innocent. However, any changes to this landscape – as with stree...