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Copyright of Hypertonia és Nephrologia is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Szociológiai Szemle is the property of Hungarian Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

„Az üvegplafon egy önbeteljesítő jóslat?! - Karrierlehetőségek vizsgálata női munkavállalók körében” megnevezésű kutatás során a nők munkaerőpiaci jelenléte került középpontba. A kérdőíves kutatás a nők karrierhez való viszonyulására kereste a választ, s célkitűzése volt felmérni, hogy vajon kompetencia, motiváció, vagy vezetői készségek hiánya miatt akadnak-e meg a nők bizonyos karrierszinteken. A kutatás során betekintést nyertem a nők karrierhez való viszonyulásába, az önbecsülés kérdéskörébe, s igyekeztem felmérni bizonyos kompetenciákat, s vezetői készséget. Eredményként elmondható, hogy a nőkmotivált résztvevői a munka világának, a 161 fős vizsgálat az Észak-Alföldi régióban valósult meg, s a kitöltők jelentős százaléka szeretne vezetői pozícióban dolgozni, a megfelelő képességük is meglenne hozzá. Viszont arra is választ kaptam, hogy önmaguk is építik gátjaikat a munkahelyre vonatkoztatva, hiszen sokan elégedettek a jelenlegi beosztásukkal, nem vágynak többre. Az üvegplafon munkahelyi jelenléte fontos, hogy megfelelő figyelmet kapjon, hiszen a nők jelentős részét képzik a munkaerőpiacnak.

Background and aims: Aquatic exercises are popular leisure activities worldwide, primarily among women. These activities are especially beneficial for aging people and individuals having difficulties performing land-based exercises. Their physical health benefits have already been documented in the academic literature, but research on their mental health effects is still non-existent. However, leisure exercises promoting mental health are advantageous in a fast-paced and often stressful world. Therefore, in this in-situ (natural life setting) field study, we examined the acute mental benefits of aquatic exercises in 30 voluntary consenting women having a mean age of 57.57 (SD = 12.67) years. Methods: Using a within-participants research design, the subjectively perceived feeling states and felt arousal, along with positive and negative affect, were recorded before and after exercise. Moreover, the personal expectancies regarding the expected feelings after exercise were assessed before the workout to determine the influence of anticipation effects. Results: The findings revealed that core affect and positive affect improved substantially from before to after exercise (p <.001), as confirmed by the large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 0.80). Negative affect decreased nonsignificantly (p =.062), but it was already low before exercise. Although expectancy scores were high before the exercise class, they did not correlate (p >.05) with the dependent measures' magnitude of changes (pre-class – post-class scores). Conclusions: These findings suggest that women who participate in an aquatic exercise class report experiencing significant positive changes in their feelings, demonstrating this popular exercise's acute mental health benefits. Although further controlled research is needed in this area, the current results have promising implications for middle-aged women's mental health preservation and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Párbeszéd: Szocialis Munka Folyoirat is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A tanulmány kiemelkedő nőtudósok történelmi példáján keresztül vizsgálja azt a társadalmi örökséget és ideológiát, melyek még mindig fogva tartják a szabad gondolkodást a tudományban, a politikában és minden más területen. Többek között Maria Michell, Marie Curie, Lise Meitner, Vera Rubin tudományos pályafutásának fontosabb állomásaival alátámasztva mutatom be, hogy a teljesítményen kívül mennyire meghatározó a nem kérdése a tudományos pozíciókba kerülést illetően. A témát a nőkérdés elméleti keretein belül ragadom meg, melyet megannyi kérdés és meddő vita jellemez, pl. a biológiai és a kulturális determináltság apóriája, azaz, hogy a természetnek vagy a nevelésnek, vallásnak, kultúrának, szocializációnak van-e nagyobb befolyása a nemi szerepeket illetően.

In line with the global trend of health and wellness, there is now an increased demand for products that have a positive effect on health (or that are at least less unhealthy), such as sugar-free or reduced-calorie chocolate, especially among female consumers. Therefore, in our research, we set out to explore the chocolate consumption habits of Hungarian women, with particular regard to consumer acceptance of sugar-free chocolate. In the course of our primary research, we conducted an online questionnaire survey with the participation of 370 female respondents, during which we explored some elements of their consumer behaviour related to conventional and sugar-free/reduced-calorie chocolates; moreover, possible differences in the willingness to pay for sugar-free and conventional chocolates were also examined by using the packaging of two real, 100 g Stühmer milk chocolate bars and their modified versions as well. According to our results, the vast majority of women interviewed like chocolate, with milk chocolate being the most popular. Most of them eat chocolate a few times a week, but consumption of sugarfree/reduced-calorie chocolate is much less common. When buying chocolate, the respondents are clearly most influenced by the taste, which is followed far behind by the price, and then the healthiness of the chocolate. Most of the women asked are interested in sugar-free and reducedcalorie chocolates, the majority of them consume such products because of health awareness. The respondents' willingness to pay for sugar-free chocolates is not lower compared to the versions sweetened with sugar, but the willingness to pay reaches the market price only in the case of a gift purchase; in the case of a purchase for one's own consumption, it mostly falls short of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A K+F Stúdió Kft. „Hölgyek a tudományban – 2020/2021” projektje a magyar Nemzeti Tehetség Program támogatásával valósul meg. Jelen tanulmány ennek a programnak az eredményeit mutatja be.

The "Node of Knowledge" method is one of the elements of the conceptual framework "Node of Knowledge (NOK)". It enables knowledge representation in graphical and formalized (textual) form and makes it possible to store formalized records of natural language sentences in a relational database. To enable correct transformation of all words from natural language sentences to formalized records, it is necessary to design a metamodel of a language, i.e. to analyse all word types of each particular natural language and define rules for transformation of sentences in natural language into formalized records. This paper analyses nouns in Croatian and English language. It presents rules for transformation of nouns and noun phrase structures into formalized records, with examples in both languages. The system is preliminary tested with a small set of sentences (used as input knowledge) and questions. Testing results are presented and discussed.

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the role of NOK in the process of epithelial stromal transformation of lung adenocarcinoma cell line promoted by estrogen. Methods: The experiment was divided into four groups, the NOK gene was not down regulated in the first group without estrogen, the NOK gene was down regulated in the second group without estrogen, the NOK gene was not down regulated in the third group with estrogen, the NOK gene was down regulated in the fourth group with estrogen. The NOK gene in A549 cell line was down regulated by lentivirus, the cells were stimulated by estrogen at a concentration of 1× 10-8 mol/L, the expression of NOK and EMT markers in each group were detected by q-RT-PCR and Western blot, and the migration ability of cells in each group was detected by Transwell test. The expression of NOK and Vimentin in the second group decreased and the expression of E-cadherin increased compared with the first group, which were 0.09± 0.01, 0.16± 0.02 and 4.83± 0.61, which were statistically different from the first group. The expression of NOK and Vimentin in the third group increased significantly and the expression of E-cadherin decreased, which were 6.03 ± 0.92, 5.77 ± 0.86 and 0.33 ± 0.04, which were statistically different from the first group. In the fourth group, the expression of NOK and vimentin decreased and the expression of E-cadherin increased, which were 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 4.92± 0.59, there were statistical differences with the first group and no statistical differences with the second group. The trend of protein expression of NOK and EMT markers was consistent with that of mRNA expression. The number of cell migration in the second group was significantly lower than that in the first group, and there was statistical difference between the two groups. The number of cell migration in the third group was significantly higher than that in the first group, and there was statistical difference between the two groups. The number of cell migration in the fourth group was significantly lower than that in the first group, and there was statistical difference between the two groups. Estrogen can promote the EMT process of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and down regulating the expression of NOK gene can block this process. Therefore, estrogen can regulate the EMT process of lung adenocarcinoma through NOK gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regiokutatas Szemle is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A "NŐ az esély" címet viselő tehetséggondozó programot a magyar EDU-MÉD PLUSZ Kft. valósította meg a 2019-2020-as években a Nemzeti Tehetséggondozó Program támogatásával. A projekt célja az iskolás lányok esélyegyenlőségének elősegítése volt a matematika, az informatika és a természettudomány területén.

Copyright of Aeronautical Science Bulletins / Repüléstudományi Közlemények is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A munkavállaló nők végzettségük, képességeik ellenére is számtalan akadályba ütköznek karrierjük során. Bár tényként megállapítható, hogy az elmúlt évtizedekben jelentősen megnőtt a női vezetők aránya, ez a változás kevéssé érte el a felső szintű vezetői pozíciókat, ahol továbbra is alulreprezentáltak. Számos elemzés megállapította, hogy ennek az egyenlőtlen helyzetnek, illetve a munkahelyi szegregációnak okai alapvetően a társadalmi kódokban, a férfi-nő hierarchia több évszázados jelenlétében keresendők. Jelen tanulmány megpróbálja azonosítani, hogy pontosan milyen nehézségekkel, akadályokkal találják szembe magukat a nők, amint feljebb kerülnek a foglalkoztatási hierarchiában. Mindeközben sorra veszi a munkahelyi szervezetek általános jellemzőit, azok légkörét stb., továbbá a vezető nőkkel párosított, bináris oppozíciókon alapuló előítéleteket, melyek miatt végül hármas teher került a diplomás nőkre.

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The target groups of social enterprises and diversity categories largely overlap, as social enterprises work for bettering the situation of social groups similar to the ones that diversity management aims to help, such as women, ethnic minorities and people with disabilities. At the same time, we know very little about how social enterprises improve the circumstances of these social groups and how they strengthen social inclusion. Therefore, in this article the authors investigate what special issues are raised by focusing on women, the Roma people, and people with disabilities, and how these specific groups appear in the operation and activities of social enterprises in international literature. After the authors briefly present the diversity categories and introduce the concept of social enterprise both in the international and Hungarian context, they present a systematic literature review. Their aim is to investigate the situation of the given diversity categories in social enterprises. The authors' conclusion is that although social enterprises work explicitly and openly in the interest of certain social groups, we know little about the everyday operation practices and activities of social enterprises, the extent they reach their aims and the impact they have on their target groups based on the literature available. Therefore, further empirical research is necessary to provide more in-depth investigation about organizations or groups of organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A tanulmányban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy van-e különbség Magyarországon a nők és a férfiak vándorlási tendenciája között. Bizonyított, hogy a migrációs hullámnak nemzetközi szinten egyre több a női résztvevője, sokszor kényszermegoldásként választják az elvándorlást, a szegénységtől vagy a munkanélküliségtől való menekülésként. A cikkben rávilágítunk arra, hogy ez a tendencia hazánkban is érvényes-e. Hipotézisünk szerint nembeli különbség van a migrációs folyamatokban, és részben más tényezők befolyásolják egy nő migrációs döntését. Kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk a külföldön élő és dolgozó, Magyarországról elvándorolt állampolgárokkal. A felmérés eredménye megerősítette azt a feltételezésünket, hogy a női migrációnak két fő fajtája alakult ki: az egyik eset, amikor az egyedülálló nő önállóan hozza meg a döntést és egyedül vág bele a külföldi munkavállalásba; a másik esetben a férjét, párját külföldre követi a nő és közösen hozzák meg a döntést. A távolság hatásának vizsgálata újszerű eredményt hozott, ugyanis a Magyarországtól földrajzilag távolabbra vándorolt nők külföldi életüket véglegesnek tekintik, hazatérésükre kisebb az esély.

Objective: Through comparing and testing the mRNA and protein expressions of NOK and EMT related molecules E-cadherin and Vimitin in normal ossification cell lines hFOB1.19 and osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, and observing the influence of NOK on the expression of E-cadherin and Vimitin in osteosarcoma, and then the role and mechanism of NOK in the EMT process of osteosarcoma will be explored. Methods: qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the NOK, E-cadherin and Vimitin mRNA and protein expression; and then build slow virus and RNA interference NOK expression in osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, and observe the E-cadherin and Vimitin mRNA and protein expression before or after lentivirus vectors for NOK RNA interfering through qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Comparing with normal ossification cell lines, the mRNA and protein of NOK and Vimitin are high expressed and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression are lower in osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Lentivirus vectors interfering NOK could increase E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression, and reduce Vimitin mRNA and protein expression. Conclusion: NOK could promote the EMT process in osteosarcoma cell line MG63. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most research on the effects of exercise on body image has concentrated on the benefits of regular exercise. However, some research has indicated that exercise has an immediate impact on body image. The aims of this study were to investigate the immediate effects of aerobic exercise in a fitness class and the at-home environment on body image, and to examine the impact of nutritional status (i.e., normal weight vs. overweight/obesity) and exercise addiction on these changes. 322 Hungarian women participated in the study with two different environmental conditions, fitness class condition (N = 155) and at-home video condition (N = 167). They completed the Body Appreciation Scale and Exercise Addiction Inventory before and after a one-hour aerobic exercise session. Self-report data on weight, height and exercise frequency were also collected. There were no significant differences between the fitness class and video groups in terms of age, educational level, BMI, body appreciation, exercise frequency and exercise addiction. We found that 7.5% (N = 24) of the participants were at risk for exercise addiction. Aerobic exercise had a significant positive effect on body appreciation (t(321) = 7.564, p <.001) independently from environment and nutritional status. Exercise addiction moderated the relationship between exercise and body image, the at risk for exercise addiction group showed the greatest improvement (F(1) = 3.252, p =.040). The results indicate that even a one-hour aerobic exercise session has a positive effect on body image; this has important practical implications for intervention strategies and weight-loss treatments. Bár a legtöbb kutatás a rendszeres testedzés testképre gyakorolt pozitív hatására fókuszál, néhány vizsgálat eredménye a testedzés testképre tett azonnali hatására hívja fel a figyelmet. Jelen tanulmány célja az aerobik edzés testképre gyakorolt azonnali hatásának vizsgálata fitnesztermi és otthoni edzési körülmények között, továbbá a tápláltsági állapot (normális testsúly vs. túlsúly/elhízás) és a testedzésfüggőség potenciális moderátor szerepének vizsgálata az edzés és a testkép alakulása közötti kapcsolatban. A vizsgálatba aerobikedzést folytató nőket vontunk be (n = 322). A résztvevők egyik része edzőteremben folytatta a testgyakorlást (n = 155), másik része otthon végzett aerobik testedzést, video vagy DVD segítségével (n = 167). önbeszámolóval nyert testtömeg és testmagasság, a testedzés gyakoriságára vonatkozó kérdés, Testértékelési Skála, Testedzés Addikció Kérdőív. Az adatfelvétel az egyórás testgyakorlást megelőzően és azt követően történt. Nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget az edzőteremben és az otthonukban aerobik edzést folytató nők között az életkor, az iskolai végzettség, a BMI, a testértékelés, a testedzés gyakorisága és a testedzésfüggőség tekintetében. A válaszadók 7,5%-a (n = 24) esetében jelenik meg a testedzésfüggőség kockázata. Az egyórás testedzés szignifikáns, kedvező hatást gyakorolt a testképre (t(321) = 7,564; p < 0,001), amely hatás a testgyakorlás helyszínétől (edzőterem vs. otthon) és a tápláltsági állapottól függetlennek bizonyult. A testedzésfüggőség azonban moderálta a testgyakorlás és a testkép változásának kapcsolatát: a testedzést követően a testedzésfüggőség szempontjából veszélyeztetett csoportban mutatkozott meg a legnagyobb mértékű, pozitív irányú változás a testkép tekintetében (F(1) = 3,252; p = 0,040). Eredményeink arra utalnak, hogy akár egy egyórás testgyakorlásnak is pozitív hatása lehet a testképre, amelynek jelentős gyakorlati implikációi vannak a testsúlycsökkentő kezelések szempontjából. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magistra Iadertina is the property of University of Zadar, Department of Teacher & Preschool Teacher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To study the effect of estrogen on the expression of NOK in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, and to provide a basis for studying the role of estrogen and NOK gene in non small cell lung cancer metastasis. Methods: MTT method was used to draw the growth curve of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, then determine the exponential growth phase of A549. To stimulate cells with estrogen which concentration gradient is 1× 10-10-1× 10-6mol/L in exponential growth phase. The cells were cultured in routine medium 12 h later. Then, RNA and protein were extracted. The expression of NOK was tested by q-RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: The exponential growth phase of A549 is the third day; NOK expression generally increased after estrogen stimulating, the expression of NOK increased with the increase of estrogen concentration in the low concentration, the expression of NOK decreased with the increase of estrogen concentration in the high concentration, but still higher than normal level. The NOK expression of the estrogen groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. Among them, the NOK expression was the highest when the estrogen concentration was 1× 10-8mol/L. Conclusions: In a certain concentration range, estrogen can promote the expression of NOK in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The famous terracottas of the Nok culture of central Nigeria represent the oldest figurative art of sub-Saharan Africa. This article describes the reproduction of such a terracotta by a Nigerian craftsman. The technical aspects – clay preparation, tooling, production process – as well as the clear design of the finished product and the different stages that the artist has in mind during the entire process are particularly interesting.

Objective： To investigate the NOK expression in NSCLC patients and its correlation with the prognosis. Methods： 67 cases of NSCLC patients at stage IV with pleural metastases who admitted in our division from 2014 to 2015 were selected, and metastatic tumor of pleura and pleura beside the tumor were obtained using soft thoracoscopic, then the expression of NOK in the two kinds of issues were detected by immunohistochemistry, then the correlation of NOK expression in metastatic tumor of pleura and pleura beside the tumor with the prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results： OThe expression of NOK in metastatic tumor of pleura was apparently higher than that from pleura beside the tumor (P<0.05); (2)The expression of NOK in metastatic tumor of pleura was inversely related to the survival period of patients (P<0.05), while there was no significant relationship between the expression of NOK in pleura beside the tumor and survival of patients. Conclusions： The expression of NOK in metastatic tumor of pleura was inversely related to the survival period of NSCLC patients at stage IV, which could be used as the standard for assessing the survival of NSCLC patients at stage IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economica (1585-6216) is the property of College of Szolnok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economica (1585-6216) is the property of College of Szolnok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The expression of novel oncogenic kinase (NOK), a member of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family, has been observed in several human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinic relevance of NOK expression in NSCLC remains unclear. Methods: In this study, NOK expression in tumor cells was assessed using immunohistochemical methods in 191 patients with resected NSCLC. The association of NOK expression with clinicopathological parameters, including the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), was also evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of NOK expression on survival. Results: Data showed that NOK was expressed in 75.4% and 14.1% of cancer lesions and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue, respectively. Out of all the clinicopathological factors analyzed, NOK expression was significantly correlated with the grade of tumor differentiation (P = 0.035), pTNM stage (P = 0.020), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.005) and high Ki-67 LI (P < 0.001). NOK positive NSCLC patients had a significantly shorter survival time (P = 0.004, Log-rank test) and the prognostic significance of NOK expression was apparent in squamous cell carcinoma patients (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis indicated that NOK expression may be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.731; P = 0.043). Conclusions: Our results indicate that NOK expression is of clinical significance and can serve as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and men in leadership. On the website, Amazon. com, there are more than 2000 books which deal with leadership styles, leadership methods and leadership conventions of women and men. However, most leadership theories often forget about the employees, those who are also involved in the leadership, even on the other side. In this study, which is based on the GLOBE test, the authors did not ask about the characteristic features of a successful leader either woman or man. Amongst the questioned, there were employees who kept a mirror to the leadership. As leaders, both women and men marked the same type of characteristics, however on different management levels the answers were different. The question is why? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely known, that women play an important role in the economy, which makes the determination of motives and obstacles during business start-ups inevitable. Hungarian female students were surveyed during an international study in 2011 to determine the factors of entrepreneurial intentions. The survey included among other factors the motives for self employment, the personal characteristics and the barriers they faced. Results revealed that primary motivations for females during business start-ups were not only monetary motives, but also intrinsic factors. Problems faced by Hungarian female students were mainly individual; the organizational environmental ones had lower importance. Results on motives and barriers were mostly consistent with the authors' literature findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum services in Nigeria serve as a major source of art conservation and preservation of its cultural heritage. It is a truism that Nigeria in Africa is endowed with great cultural heritage, which needs to be adequately documented. Evidence of this can be traced to the production of Nok terracotta, Benin bronze casting, Ife terracotta and Igbo Ukwu Art, which justify the fact that Nigeria had ancient civilizations that competed with the Romans and Greeks, but which did not come to limelight until the 1890's when the British soldiers invaded the Benin kingdom and some of the art treasures were looted. Against this backdrop, an effort to safeguard the sanctity of this heritage made Kenneth Murray intensify efforts at establishing a museum of art and antiquity at Jos in 1943. The paper discusses the advent of Museums in Nigeria and the cultural preservation of art and finally it takes a cursory look at art as cultural heritage in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper investigates men and women within organizations from feminist point of view. It investigates the connections between organizational phenomenon and social facts. In the introduction authors highlight some of the complexities of feminist thoughts, and show that there exists several streams of feminism (liberal, radical, psychoanalytic, marxist, socialist, postmodern/poststructuralist, postcolonial or third world feminism), and they all differ in their problem definition and suggested solution. This paper analyses two organizational problems: vertical segregation (glass ceiling) and horizontal segregation (glass wall). The authors present possible solutions from different feminist approaches for the problem of a talented woman's smaller opportunities compared to the similarly talented men within the organization. The paper concludes in possible solutions and future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligand-dependent or independent oligomerization of receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RPTK) is often an essential step for receptor activation and intracellular signaling. The novel oncogene with kinase-domain (NOK) is a unique RPTK that almost completely lacks an ectodomain, expresses intracellularly and activates constitutively. However, it is unknown whether NOK can form oligomer or what function oligomerization would have. In this study, two NOK deletion mutants were generated by either removing the ectodomain (NOKΔECD) or including the endodomain (NOK-ICD). Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the transmembrane (TM) domain of NOK was essential for its intermolecular interaction. The results further showed that NOK aggregated more closely as lower order oligomers (the dimer- and trimer-sized) than either deletion mutant did since NOK could be cross-linked by both Sulfo-EGS and formaldehyde, whereas either deletion mutant was only sensitive to Sulfo-EGS. Removing the NOK TM domain (NOK-ICD) not only markedly promoted higher order oligomerization, but also altered the subcellular localization of NOK and dramatically elevated the NOK-mediated constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, NOK-ICD but not NOK or NOKΔECD was co-localized with the upstream signaling molecule RAS on cell membrane. Thus, TM-mediated intermolecular contacting may be mainly responsible for the constitutive activation of NOK and contribute to the autoinhibitory effect on RAS/MAPK signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the vertebrate eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) juxtaposes with the retina, but how the RPE plays a role in retinal morphogenesis remains elusive. It has been shown that the loss of function of the polarity proteins, such as Nagie oko (Nok), disrupts RPE integrity and retinal lamination. However, it is unclear whether or not such defects are caused in a tissue-autonomous manner. Here, by taking advantage of the nok mutation, we have generated a transgenic model to restore the Nok function in the RPE, but not in the retina. With this model, we show that Nok is required for RPE integrity in a tissue-autonomous manner. However, proper retinal epithelial polarity does not require retinal expression of Nok before embryonic photoreceptor genesis; rather, it requires a Nok-mediated intact RPE. Interestingly, sporadic wild-type RPE donor cells are not sufficient to maintain proper retinal polarity. We further show that RPE-mediated retinal epithelial polarity underlies proper patterning of retinal ganglion cells and the cells of the inner nuclear layer. Nevertheless, during embryonic photoreceptor genesis, an intact RPE is not sufficient to maintain retinal epithelial polarity and retinal cellular pattern formation. Our results show that the subcellular architecture and cellular pattern formation of a tissue may be regulated by neighboring tissues through tissue-tissue interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will look at how one female neurosurgeon in Turkey made her mark in the field. In 1954, Dr. Aysima Altınok began her residency training in neurosurgery at Haydarpaşa Numune Hospital where the first official department of neurosurgery in Turkey had been founded five years earlier. On November 22, 1959, she successfully completed her training and was certified officially as a neurosurgeon. Hence, Dr. Altınok was a leader in neurosurgery. Dr. Altınok was the chief of the department of neurosurgery from 1968 to 1992 at Bakirköy Mental and Psychological Health Hospital in Istanbul. She was among the founders of the Turkish Neurosurgical Society in 1968 and was awarded the honour of “Medical Doctor of the Year in Turkey” by the Ministry of Health in 1990. On May 15, 1996, she was accepted as an honorary member of Turkish Society of Neurosurgery for her contributions to neurosurgery. For proving the capability of a woman as a neurosurgeon, her contribution to the world history of neurosurgery should be respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RPTKs) are essential mediators of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and metabolism. Recently, a novel RPTK named NOK has been cloned and characterized. In current study, we investigated the role of the carboxyl terminal tyrosine 417 residue of NOK in the activations of different signaling pathways. A single tyrosine to phenylalanine point mutation at Y417 site (Y417F) not only dramatically enhanced the NOK-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but also markedly promoted the NOK-mediated activation of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT1 and 3). Moreover, the proliferation potential of NIH3T3-NOK (Y417F) stable cells were significantly elevated as compared with that of NIH3T3-NOK. Overall, our results demonstrate that the tyrosine Y417 residue at the carboxyl tail of NOK exhibits an autoinhibitory role in NOK-mediated signaling transductions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]