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Para alcançar controle da contaminação por Salmonella em carcaças suínas, intervenções na produção primária precisam ser melhor compreendidas. Estratégias complementares requerem não só pesquisas acerca da sua efetividade, mas também dos custos implicados no uso de tais tecnologias. Para tanto, foi avaliada a razão de custo-efetividade incremental de dois tratamentos para reduzir a soroprevalência de Salmonella em rebanhos suínos comerciais. O uso de um prebiótico e de uma vacina foram comparados com um controle sem tratamento. Cada estratégia foi aplicada em três lotes de suínos em um sistema comercial de integração. Os animais foram acompanhados da maternidade até o abate e suas sorologias no dia do alojamento na terminação e quatro dias antes do abate foram avaliadas. Também, em cada estratégia, amostras de suabe de carcaça foram coletadas para avaliação da contaminação superficial. A soroprevalência no dia do alojamento na terminação foi menor do que 3% em todos os grupos, sendo que nos grupos controle e vacina a soroprevalência aumentou mais de 90 pontos percentuais quatro dias antes do abate. Apenas o uso do prebiótico levou a um efeito significativo na redução da Soroprevalência pré-abate (49 pontos percentuais), quando comparado com o controle. A contaminação das carcaças no grupo prebiótico foi 0%, 18,33% no controle e 29,16 no grupo vacinado. Assim, apenas o prebiótico foi capaz de reduzir a soroprevalência nos rebanhos estudados com razão incremental de custo-efetividade de 1,92 USD para redução de 10 pontos percentuais na soroprevalência por tonelada de carcaça. To achieve control of Salmonella contamination in pig carcasses, on-farm measures need to be better understood. Complementary strategies require research not only on their effectiveness but also on their financial impact. In this study, we evaluated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of two treatments for reducing Salmonella seroprevalence in commercial swine herds. Pigs treated with a prebiotic or a vaccine were studied and compared with pigs in an untreated control group. Each strategy was applied to three batches of pigs in a commercial integration system; the animals were followed from farrowing to the slaughterhouse, and their serologies upon arrival at finishing farms and before slaughter were evaluated. Additionally, carcass surface contamination was assessed for each strategy. The seroprevalence upon arrival at the finishing farm was lower than 3% in all groups. In the control and vaccine groups, the seroprevalence increased by more than 90 percentage points from the day of arrival at the finishing farm to four days before slaughter. Only the prebiotic treatment yielded a significant effect on preslaughter seroprevalence (a 49 percentage points reduction from that in the control). Carcass contamination was 0% in the prebiotic group, 18.33% in the control group and 29.16% in the vaccine group. Only prebiotics significantly reduced the seroprevalence of Salmonella in the studied herds, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio associated with prebiotic use was 1.92 USD to reduce seroprevalence by 10 percentage points per carcass ton.

Brazil is the fourth largest swine producer and pork exporter in the world, the slaughter under the federal meat inspection service achieved 37 million pigs in 2017 (https://sidra.ibge.gov.br). Brazilian meat inspection system is under a modernization process and new procedures are just standardized and regulated for pigs reared in farms submitted to health animal service rules. In order to supply the risk analysis for meat inspection modernization, several studies on zoonotic hazards were conducted in Brazil last years. This one was focused on zoonotic parasitosis once that in sanitary post mortem examination, the inspectors can identify lesions compatible with cysticercosis (Satyaprakash et al., 2018), hydatidosis (De La Rue, 2008) and sarcosporidiosis (Zainalabidin, et al., 2017). Cysticercosis is caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium. Primarily, cysticercosis is an infection of pigs that act as an intermediate host of T. solium. Pigs are infected by ingestion of contaminated water, soil or feed with the eggs of Taenia solium expelled from tapeworm carriers. The eggs develop into cysticerci in various organs and musculature causing porcine cysticercosis characterized by small round whitish viscous cyst (7 to 15 mm), located mainly in the lingual muscles, masseters, heart and diaphragm (Satyaprakash et al. 2018). Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Pigs are considered important intermediate hosts of the larval stage by eggs ingestion from contaminated environment with feces of definitive host. The intermediated host develops hydatid cysts in the liver and the parasite cycle can be complete if a definitive host ingest this organ without a heat treatment (De La Rue, 2008). Sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by cyst forming coccidian, namely, Sarcocystis spp. Pigs can be infected when consuming food contaminated with fecal material of carnivores containing the sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. The whitish filamentous, spindleshaped, rice-grain-like, macrocyst-forming sarcocyst has been observed in the muscles of pigs, mainly in the heart, tongue and diaphragm (Zainalabidin, et al., 2017). The aim of this study was to validate the macroscopic diagnosis of these lesions detected by veterinary inspection service using histopathology analysis. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-17T04:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9435.pdf: 958487 bytes, checksum: b00aa886bc21fd94b865744b87bf16ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The granulomatous lymphadenitis (GL) in pigs is mainly caused by Mycobacterium avium hominissuis (MAH), who belongs to the Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC), considered non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Although GL does not affect swine zootecnical performance, economic losses occur during the slaughter line by condemning viscera and carcasses. The lesion is characterized by one or more foci of granuloma, which most frequently affect the organs of the digestive tract and peripheral lymph nodes. The main differential diagnosis encompasses Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), who belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTbC), of relevant zoonotic potential. Nevertheless macroscopic examinations and histopathology are insufficient to determine the etiologic agent involved. Federal Meat Inspection had registered the frequency of 0,81 % of lymphadenitis in Brazil from 2012 to 2014. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of the granulomatous lesions for validation of the national data of inspection and build a database to further risk analysis. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-17T04:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9436.pdf: 671691 bytes, checksum: 67aa8f9948f0d9730438802e8c73b6f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

It is estimated that as many as 40 to 50% of reproducing females are culled each year in modern pig production; astonishgly, almost half of these culls are associated with sows before their third and fourth parity (ENGLEBON et al., 2016). Decreased sow longevity is not only an economic problem for the pig industry but also results in poor animal welfare. To maximize profitability, sows should be retained in the breeding herd up to parity six, since higher parity dams wean numerically more and heavier piglets per year when compared to first and second parity sows (GRUHOT et al., 2017); nevertheless, in commercial pig operations 30% of sows are culled by parity three, being reproductive failure one of the major reasons for involuntary culling of low parity sows (TANI et al., 2018). On this path, disappointing litter size, anestrus and return to estrus following insemination are regarded as major causes for removal of reproducing females (KOKETSU et al., 2017). However, aside of been caused by intrinsic unbalances, these failures can also suffer the influence of external factors, e.g. deficient estrous detection, incorrect moment of insemination, poor semen quality and reproductive diseases, therefore some sows might be culled for wrong reasons. The present study aimed to evaluate the culling decision accuracy of sows with reproductive failure from commercial breeding herds through examination of reproductive and urinary tracts post mortem. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-17T04:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9062.pdf: 167554 bytes, checksum: 227d01a6d65e093a70e8445176532788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019