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In recent years, digital twin technology has developed rapidly, which has great advantages in improving production quality and saving production costs. Therefore, it is of great significance to apply digital twin technology to the spinning field to realize the prediction of spinning production quality. This study takes the carding process in yarn manufacturing as an example. First, a prediction model framework for carding process production quality is proposed based on the digital twin modeling mechanism. Each key component's modeling principles and methods are analyzed, and the modeling process and coupling between models are clarified. Next, the carding process production quality prediction model is established based on the proposed modeling framework and actual working conditions. Then, a set of comparative experiments on a generative adversarial network and a set of comparative experiments between different prediction models were designed. The results showed that the production quality prediction model of the carding process established according to the modeling method proposed in this paper meets the requirements of spinning production quality prediction, and the average error rate of the model was 5.7%. Finally, the modeling method and experimental results are discussed, and future research directions are considered. The paper has great significance for further research on quality prediction of yarn manufacturing, providing a reference for applying digital twin technology and promoting intelligent manufacturing in the spinning field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanobubbles (NBs), with their unique physicochemical properties and promising applications, have become an important research topic. Generation of monodispersed bulk NBs with specified gas content remains a challenge. We developed a simple method for generating bulk NBs, using porous alumina films with ordered straight nano-scaled holes. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) is used to confirm NB formation. The NTA data demonstrates that NB size is distributed discretely with a uniform increment factor of √2. To explain the observed characteristic size distribution of NBs, we propose a simple model in which two NBs of the same size are assumed to preferentially coalesce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In home life, the use of finebubble technology is incleasing, and because of their high cleaning effect, the technology is expected to easily save water and reduce the amount of chemicals used. We believe it has high compatibility with the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goles : adopted by the United Nations in 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrating PV thermal (CPVT) collector with spectral splitting technology is a promising solution for heat and electricity production. To extend the use of this technology, a novel and cost-effective CPVT collector for harsh environments, such as those in Saudi Arabia, is presented and evaluated using theoretical energy, economy, and environmental analysis. Two questions are answered in this study, namely: which is the best operation strategy, and which is the best energy storage technology for CPVT. The potential of using a CPVT under the climate conditions of six cities in Saudi Arabia is also evaluated. It is found that a heat/electricity production strategy and a thermal energy storage are the most suitable for the CPVT technology. The economic assessment shows a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of $0.0847/kWh and a levelized cost of heat (LCOH) of $0.0536/kWh when water is used as a spectral filter, and a LCOE of $0.0906/kWh and a LCOH of $0.0462/kWh when ZnO nanoparticles are added. The CO2-equivalent emissions in a 20 MW CPVT plant are cut from 5675 tonnes to 7822 tonnes per year for Saudi Arabian weather and present power generation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider nanostructures, i.e. particles and structures with dimensions between 1 nm and 100 nm, to be the basic building blocks of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are a common part of the environment (erosion, forest fire emissions, decomposition of substances, volcanic gases, etc.). However, human activity can significantly contribute to the amount of nanoparticles created. Nanoparticles are purposefully produced by new technologies (nanotechnology), but at the same time they are unintentionally created in industry (steel mills, ironworks, mining of raw materials, ceramic industry, etc.) and transport. In operations where nanoparticles are produced, employees are primarily at risk of inhaling them. Inhaled air containing particles is filtered in the respiratory system. Absorption of nanoparticles depends on their physicochemical properties. Compared to other materials that enter the body, nanomaterials have an exceptional ability to migrate in the living body, which increases their impact on human health. Measurements for a given type of textile production are published on this topic. The procedure for our measurement of the concentration of nanoparticles (10-700 nm) and their mean diameters can be called a "field". The aim of these measurements in real situations was to prove the quality of applied technologies in the production of non-woven textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the occurrence of nanotextiles has increased due to the Covid-19 situation all around the world. Nanotextiles are being used in form of face masks and respirators, which are the source of environmental pollution with nanoparticles. The goal of this contribution is to perform ecotoxicological tests according to European standards and Czech legislation. Firstly, nonwovens are briefly described, and a small planktonic crustacean (Daphnia magna S.) is introduced. The second part is focused on the experiments themselves and their results. In all cases, the tested nanotextiles had a non-toxic effect on the organisms, but a reaction could be seen. Further tests will be performed to explain and specify the effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing of three-dimensional objects on the nanoscale is a very relevant topic but still a highly challenging task. Among the pool of nanofabrication techniques, focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) has recently developed from a trial-and-error laboratory method to a predictable 3D nanoprinting technology with unique advantages. This perspective article first introduces the basic principles of 3D-FEBID, followed by an overview of historical developments with a particular emphasis on the last three years. Here, we examine different aspects of 3D nanoprinting such as the instrumental setup, fundamental growth mechanisms, simulations, computer aided design software solutions, material properties, and application studies. For each aspect, the individual challenges and limitations are discussed. In addition, we share our outlook about possible solutions and studies currently under investigation. As a perspective, we also address the most urgent milestones of the future and speculate on applications ranging from optics to mechanics, magnetics, and electronics, all of them benefiting from the recently improved 3D FEBID synthesis technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Soft" robotics based on hydrogels appears as an alternative to the traditional technology of "hard" robotics. Soft microrobots are employed for drug delivery and cell manipulation. This work develops magnetic hydrogel‐based microrobots using chitosan (CHI) as the body of the micromotor and Fe3O4 nanoparticles to allow for its magnetic actuation. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles are incorporated inside the CHI body of the microrobot to act as an active component for pollutants photodegradation. CHI@Fe3O4‐ZnO microrobots are used for the efficient photodegradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The high absorption of CHI hydrogel enhances the POP photodegradation, degrading it 75% in just 30 min. The adsorption‐degradation and magnetic properties of CHI@Fe3O4‐ZnO microrobots are used in five cycles while maintaining up to 60% photodegradation efficiency. The proof‐of‐concept present in this work represents a simple way to obtain soft microrobots with magnetic actuation and photodegradation functionalities for several water purification applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Development status and trend of centrifugal spinning patent technology were discussed. The basic process principle, process and patent application of centrifugal spinning technology were introduced. Combined with relevant patent documents, two process routes of centrifugal spinning technology were introduced, which including one-step twisting process and two-step twisting process. Technology characteristics, development potential and current important technology problems of centrifugal spinning and their solutions were emphatically analyzed. It is considered that twisting method of centrifugal spinning is similar to that of ring spinning, it has obvious advantages in twisting efficiency, which can significantly improve the spinning production efficiency while obtaining yarns with better mechanical properties and has better development prospect. The main task of developing centrifugal spinning technology is to improve continuity and stability of production, research on centrifugal spinning technology should be strengthened to make up for the shortcomings of our country in the field of short fiber spinning technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, the idea of green nanotechnology has been expanding, and researchers are developing greener and more sustainable techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs). The major objectives are to fabricate NPs using simple, sustainable, and cost-effective procedures while avoiding the use of hazardous materials that are usually utilized as reducing or capping agents. Many biosources, including plants, bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and algae, have been used to fabricate NPs of various shapes and sizes. The authors of this study emphasized the most current studies for fabricating NPs from biosources and their applications in a wide range of fields. This review addressed studies that cover green techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles of Ag, Au, ZnO, CuO, Co3O4, Fe3O4, TiO2, NiO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Sm2O3, CeO2, La2O3, and Y2O3. Also, their applications were taken under consideration and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study probes the synergism of electrospinning and zinc oxide-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (ZCNT) in enhancing the β-phase nucleation and piezoelectric performance of PVDF. The nanofibers were spun in the form of nonwoven fabrics and characterized for their morphology, crystallinity, polymorphism, and tensile properties. Inclusion of ZCNT significantly promoted the β-phase (~95%) and tensile properties of PVDF, while the total degree of crystallinity was reduced. The highest voltage output of 15.5 V, which is 15 times more than that of the pristine PVDF nanofabrics, and a power density of 8.1 μWcm−2 was attained for the nanogenerator based on 0.75 wt.% ZCNT/PVDF nanofabrics. Implementation of electrospinning process and ZCNT proved to be beneficial in fabricating a flexible, lightweight, and robust nanogenerator for electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous development of nanotechnology has brought new trends of thought and new impetus to sculpture art. In the field of microengraving, people usually use two-photon engraving technology, but not every particle conforms to the engraving process. ZnO nanoparticles have a high refractive index and are extremely flexible, making them the material of choice for laser engraving. This article aims to investigate whether the incorporation of high-refractive-index flexible nanoparticles into engraving techniques can significantly improve the functional properties of products. This paper firstly introduces the preparation methods of common nanoparticle laser engraving materials and then describes simple micro-nano sculptures on this basis. Finally, experiments on the transmittance and refractive index of ZnO nanoparticles are carried out. The experimental results show that the refractive index and transmittance of this material are 1.7 and 1.039, respectively, which is very suitable for laser engraving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain is a vital sense that indicates the risk of injury at a particular body part. Successful control of pain is the principal aspect in medical treatment. In recent years, the advances of nanotechnology in pain management have been remarkable. In this review, we focus on literature and published data that reveal various applications of nanotechnology in acute and chronic pain management. Methods: The presented content is based on information collected through pain management publications (227 articles up to April 2021) provided by Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar services. Results: A comprehensive study of the articles revealed that nanotechnology-based drug delivery has provided acceptable results in pain control, limiting the side effects and increasing the efficacy of analgesic drugs. Besides the ability of nanotechnology to deliver drugs, sophisticated nanosystems have been designed to enhance imaging and diagnostics, which help in rapid diagnosis of diseases and have a significant impact on controlling pain. Furthermore, with the development of various tools, nanotechnology can accurately measure pain and use these measurements to display the efficiency of different interventions. Conclusions: Nanotechnology has started a new era in the pain management and many promising results have been achieved in this regard. Nevertheless, there is still no substantial and adequate act of nanotechnology in this field. Therefore, efforts should be directed to broad investigations. Keypoints: Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles have themselves the intrinsic analgesic properties. The emergence of theranostic nanomedicine provides an ideal method for accurate pain management. Nanoneedles are new opportunities in the pain management. Many nanoliposomal analgesic formulations have been industrialized and are currently on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pure ZnO and Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning-calcination technique. The morphology, composition, structure, humidity sensing and photoelectric properties were characterized. The field-effect curves showed that a single pure ZnO nanofiber is an n-type semiconductor and an individual Ce-ZnO nanofiber is a p-type semiconductor. The Ce doping and humidity have strong influence on the UV sensing properties of ZnO-based nanofibers. In the dark, the responses [(IVarious RH-I43% RH)/I43% RH] of pure ZnO increased gradually with the increase of humidity, while the responses of Ce-doped ZnO nanofibers decreased. When exposed to UV radiation, the response of pure ZnO nanofibers decreased with increasing humidity, while that of Ce-doped ZnO increased. And the highest responses are around 88.44 and 683.67 at 97% humidity for pure ZnO and Ce-ZnO nanofibers under UV irradiation. In addition, the UV response of Ce-ZnO with good stability and repeatability increases by two orders of magnitude than that of pure ZnO. The sensing mechanism relevant to oxygen and water-related conduction was discussed briefly. These results exhibit that the application prospects of p-type Ce-ZnO nanofibers are promising in the field of photoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial, mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of an orthodontic adhesive that contains quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: QPEI nanoparticles were added to an orthodontic adhesive at 0%, 1% and 1.5% wt/wt. Antibacterial activity was tested after aging for 14 days using the direct contact test (DCT). The degree of monomer conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Shear bond atrength (SBS) was tested on the etched enamel of extracted human teeth. Biocompatibility was tested using keratinocyte and neutrophil cell lines in the XTT assay.Results: The DCT results showed significant bacterial growth inhibition in the test group incorporating 1.5% wt/wt QPEI nanoparticles (p < 0.05). The DC of the 0%, 1%, and 1.5% wt/wt samples measured immediately and after 10 min was 62.2-71.0%, 59.1-68.7%, and 52.9-58.6%, respectively, and the average SBS were 9.25 MPa, 11.57 MPa, and 9.10 MPa, respectively. Keratinocyte and neutrophil viability did not change following the addition of QPEI to the orthodontic adhesives.Conclusions: The incorporation of QPEI nanoparticles into orthodontic cement provides long-lasting antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans without reducing the strength of adhesion to enamel, the degree of double bond conversion during the polymerisation, or the biocompatibility of the orthodontic cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent advancements in treating bacterial infections, antibiotic resistance (AR) is still an emerging issue. However, polymeric nanocarriers have offered unconventional solutions owing to their capability of exposing more functional groups, high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and having sustained delivery. Natural polymeric nanomaterials (NMs) are contemplated one of the most powerful strategies in drug delivery (DD) in terms of their safety, biodegradability with almost no side effects. Every nanostructure is tailored to enhance the system functionality. For example, cost-effective copper NPs could be generated in situ in cellulose sheets, demonstrating powerful antibacterial prospects for food safety sector. Dendrimers also have the capacity for peptide encapsulation, protecting them from proteolytic digestion for prolonged half life span. On the other hand, the demerits of naturally sourced polymers still stand against their capacities in DD. Hence, Post-synthetic modification of natural polymers could play a provital role in yielding new hybrids while retaining their biodegradability, which could be suitable for building novel super structures for DD platforms. This is the first review presenting the contribution of natural polymers in the fabrication of eight polymeric NMs including particulate nanodelivery and nanofabrics with antibacterial and antibiofilm prospects, referring to modified polymer derivatives to explore their full potential for obtaining sustainable DD products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of ceramic nanomaterials with self-cleaning properties is an important field of research since they can be used in different sectors such as the textile, aerospace, automotive and biomedical protection elements. The objective of the work is to analyze and identify world trends in research, level of innovation, as well as emerging technologies in the development of TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles with antibacterial and self-cleaning properties; based on the technological monitoring of patents and Scholarly works using bibliometric methods using Lens bibliometric analysis software. The stages of technological development were estimated through the logistic model using the Loglet Lab4 software and the Yoon parameters, the Technological Maturity Rate (TMR), the potential patents to appear (EPP), the remaining lifetime (ERL) were calculated. four indicators were used: Granted patents (i1), patent applications (i2), scholarly Works (i3) and human capital (i4). The technological trend of patents for the first period focused on the development of catalysis processes, while in period II on technology for the manufacture of cosmetics and disinfectants. In period III, nanotechnology applied in cosmetics and disinfection processes appeared, finally, in period IV a trend towards disinfection and coating processes was observed, as well as the number of patent applications for this period. This technology of self-cleaning surfaces registered an average maturity rate of 72.3%, which is in a stage of maturity, being a technology classified as "leading technology" with the possibility of investment in the development of new products and processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of micro-and nano-plastics in the water and in the soil, is not any secret. The primary source of nanoplastics in the natural environment is the production and processing of plastics, and the secondary source of nanoplastics is the fragmentation of plastic products. The fragmentation of plastics is the result of a number of processes, which depend on both the composition of the plastics and environmental conditions. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of daily life and has perhaps forever changed the way we live. The future certainly appears to be less urban and less global. The 2020 pandemic of the the COVID-19 has increased the demand for respiratory protective equipment, especially covid-19 face masks and respirators. Covid- 19 face masks include nanotextiles made of plastic nanofibers are especially popular and widely used. Due to the number of nanotextile-based masks and respirators used daily, their production, use and improper and unregulated disposal contribute to and will continue to contribute to increasing environmental pollution by micro- and nano-plastics. It is likely that there will be no return to normality. The global ecosystem upon which modern society has evolved will have to be redesigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver (Ag) and gold (Au) have unique plasmonic properties that give rise to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Generally, Ag NPs have much stronger plasmonic properties and, hence, provide stronger SERS signals than Au NPs. However, Ag NPs lack the chemical stability and biocompatibility of comparable Au NPs and typically exhibit the most intense plasmonic resonance at wavelengths much shorter than the optimal spectral region for many biomedical applications. To overcome these issues, various experimental efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of Ag/Au hybrid NPs for the purpose of SERS detections. However, a complete understanding on how the SERS enhancement depends on the chemical composition and structure of these nanoparticles has not been achieved. In this study, Mie theory and the discrete dipole approximation have been used to calculate the plasmonic spectra and near-field electromagnetic enhancements of Ag/Au hybrid NPs. In particular, we discuss how the electromagnetic enhancement depends on the mole fraction of Au in Ag/Au alloy NPs and how one may use extinction spectra to distinguish between Ag/Au alloyed NPs and Ag-Au core-shell NPs. We also show that for incident laser wavelengths between ∼410 nm and 520 nm, Ag/Au alloyed NPs provide better electromagnetic enhancement than pure Ag, pure Au, or Ag-Au core-shell structured NPs. Finally, we show that silica-core Ag/Au alloy shelled NPs provide even better performance than pure Ag/Au alloy or pure solid Ag and pure solid Au NPs. The theoretical results presented will be beneficial to the experimental efforts in optimizing the design of Ag/Au hybrid NPs for SERS-based detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-deposition annealing mediated evolution of self-decorated Au nanoparticles (NPs) on chemically etched Si pyramids is presented. A distinct transformation of Si surfaces from hydrophilic to hydrophobic is initially found after chemical texturing, showing an increase in contact angle (CA) from 58° to 98° (±1°). Further improvement of hydrophobicity with CA up to ~118° has been established after annealing a 10 nm thick Au-coated Si pyramids at 400 °C that led to the formation of Au NPs on Si facets along with self-ordering at the pyramid edges. Detailed x-ray diffraction studies suggest the evolution of crystalline Au NPs on strained Si facets. Microstructural studies, however, indicate no mixing of Au and Si atoms at the Au/Si interfaces, instead of forming Au nanocrystals at 400 °C. The improved hydrophobicity of Si pyramids, even with Au NPs can be explained in the light of a decrease in solid fractional surface area according to Wenzel's model. Moreover, a sharp drop in specular reflectance from Si pyramids in the range of 300-800 nm, especially in the ultraviolet region up to ~0.4% is recorded in the presence of Au NPs by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, reflecting the possible use in photovoltaic devices with improved antireflection property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a versatile polymer, whose dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties can be augmented by a range of processing routes and/or additives. We developed a flexible nanogenerator using electrospun PVDF/COOH-functionalized graphene nanosheet (FGNS)/talc nanosheet (TNS) hybrid nanocomposites. TNS loading was fixed at 0.50 wt% while FGNS loading was varied (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 wt %) in these nanofabrics and their structure–property relationship was explored. Incorporation of FGNS led to formation of an electrically conductive network in the polymer matrix aided by TNS and electrospinning. The uniform dispersion of the filler nanosheets led to effective enhancement of the electroactive β-phase of the PVDF matrix. Crystallinity and polymorphism in these systems were explored by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. A nanogenerator made of the nanofabric containing 0.5 wt% of TNS and 0.10 wt% of FGNS was mechanically impacted by pneumatic actuator (operating pressure 0.4 MPa), resulting in an output voltage of 12.9 V and a power density of 1.72 µW/cm2, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of this nanofiber system was 61 pm/V as revealed by piezoelectric force microscopy. These novel nanocomposites could be used in flexible energy-harvesting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study details the design and fabrication of woven electrospun nanotextile patches for vascular applications that meet the mechanical and biological requirements. Nanotextile vascular patches based on biodegradable polymers such as poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) and poly(caprolactone)/collagen (PCL/Col) are fabricated by integrating the techniques of electrospinning and weaving. Fibrous polymeric nanoyarns obtained by electrospinning are strengthened via different postprocessing techniques of heat‐stretching and plying, to generate interwoven nanotextiles that are tightly packed, mechanically strong, yet flexible. The unique pattern of nanofibers within the nanotextile results in its exceptional anisotropic mechanical behavior, appropriate for a vascular patch material. Moreover, these matrices exhibit good hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, and hemocompatibility, when compared to the commercial controls such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Furthermore, endothelial cells adhered, spread, and proliferate well on the nanotextile. Thus, this study demonstrates that the unique nanofibrous architecture of woven textiles aids in developing a novel biodegradable material, which meets the clinical standards of a vascular patch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound management is essential to provide an appropriate environment for healing or avoiding wound or postsurgery contamination, which remains a serious clinical issue. In this study, we developed a novel wound dressing by using the electrospinning technique to draw continuous polymeric fibers from either a polymer solution or polymer melt to fabricate wound dressings with good medicinal properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biomaterial with good properties that was utilized in this work to produce PCL electrospun mats. Given their hydrophobic properties, however, PCL electrospun mats were hydrolyzed by alkali hydrolysis to permit antibacterial agent attachment. To confer antibacterial properties, pexiganan, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), was employed as the active agent at various concentrations. The results indicate that PCL electrospun mats treated with pexiganan exhibited efficient bacterial inhibition of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. To assess in vitro cytotoxicity, the viability of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells following application of the treated mats was measured and found to be significantly decreased at 1 day depending on the amount of deposited agent; nevertheless, the PCL electrospun mats were validated according to ISO 10993–5:2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi0.97Na0.03Fe1-xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015) nanoparticles are prepared via a sol-gel method. Weak ferromagnetism and exchange bias phenomenon without field cooling are observed in the samples. The oxygen vacancy concentration and leakage current density are increased with increasing the Ni content. However, with the increase of Ni content, the band gap of Bi0.97Na0.03Fe1-xNixO3 nanoparticles first decreases and then increases. To explain the abnormal phenomenon, the interplay of oxygen vacancy donor and hole acceptor is analyzed and a phenomenological qualitative model based on the electronic energy band is proposed. Additionally, the threshold switching behavior appears in Bi0.97Na0.03Fe1-xNixO3 samples with x = 0.01, 0.015 and the effect is qualitatively explained by introducing a conducting channel model based on the high-density mobile charges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a novel solution-based disassociation synthesis scheme of the ionic complex Fe(LiBH4)2 to form Fe nanoparticles. The complex was formed initially using a gentle mechanochemical process, and the Fe nanoparticles emerged after 4 h of ball milling in an air-free environment. Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction measurements in an air-free sample holder identified a Im3m α-Fe phase. A room temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the sample presented a six-line spectrum unique to Fe0 metal, and the Fe nanoparticles were extremely well crystallized. Magnetometry results presented a reduced saturation magnetization (e.g., Ms ∼ 85 emu/g at 50 K) that had a Bloch-like T2 temperature dependence, consistent with a gap in the magnon fluctuation spectrum due to finitesize effects. The Fe nanoparticles were magnetically soft, with a coercivity ranging from ∼10 to 20mT with decreasing temperature from 350 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous monodisperse spindle-like α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials are first synthesized successfully by a hydrothermal method, and then the as-prepared nanoparticles are annealed at different temperatures under various atmospheres to achieve the spindle-like Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The evolution of the features of nanoparticles, including the changes of the structures and microstructures as well as the magnetic properties, during the reduction process has been investigated by using the Raman spectrum and Mössbauer spectrum. Our research reveals that the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles annealed by covering of the C powder become a mixture of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in the range of annealing temperature from 300 °C to 800 °C. With reduced atmospheric H2, spindle-like α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are transferred to mixture of α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Fe as temperature increases. They are also converted from a typical rhombohedral structure to a cubic α-Fe phase at 500 °C. Finally, with the atmosphere of H2/Ar (5%/95%), a pure Fe3O4 phase, and its excellent magnetic properties are achieved at 450 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study and compare magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance behaviors of bulk and nanoparticles of Nd1-xCaxMnO3 in hole doped (x=0.4;NCMOH) and electron doped (x=0.6;NCMOE) samples. NCMOH in bulk form shows a complex temperature dependence of magnetization M(T), with a charge ordering transition at ∼250 K, an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at ∼150 K, and a transition to a canted AFM phase/mixed phase at ∼80 K. Bulk NCMOE behaves quite differently with just a charge ordering transition at ∼280 K, thus providing a striking example of the so called electron-hole asymmetry. While our magnetization data on bulk samples are consistent with the earlier reports, the new results on the nanoparticles bring out drastic effects of size reduction. They show that M(T) behaviors of the two nanosamples are essentially similar in addition to the absence of the charge order in them thus providing strong evidence for vanishing of the electron-hole asymmetry in nanomanganites. This conclusion is further corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance studies which show that the large difference in the "g" values and their temperature dependences found for the two bulk samples disappears as they approach a common behavior in the corresponding nanosamples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of B addition on CoPt nanoparticles was investigated. The CoPt-B nanoparticles were synthesized by means of the polyol process. Transmission electron microscopy has shown that the as-synthesized particles have a spherical morphology with average size about 2-3 nm. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction technique showed the effect of B concentration on phase transformation. The addition of B at up to 60% promoted the formation of the L10 phase when the nanoparticles were subjected to annealing at 600 °C. If the B content is higher than 60%, the phase transition is suppressed. The evidence of B addition on the structure of CoPt nanoparticles was further supported by the magnetic measurements. The results show that the coercivity of the annealed CoPt-B nanoparticles was enhanced by the B additions from 20% to 60%, with the maximum coercivity of 12 000 Oe for the CoPt-40%B sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized a series of YbMnO3 nanoparticles with different grain sizes (25-450 nm) and study the effect of grain size on their structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. The YbMnO3 nanoparticles crystallized in hexagonal perovskite-type structure. It shows that magnetic and dielectric properties are strongly dependent on the grain size. The magnetic characterization indicates that with increasing grain size, the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature increases from 70 to 86 K. A corresponding shift in the peak-positions of dielectric anomaly and AFM transition temperature is observed, indicating a strong correlation between the magnetic ordering and the electric polarization. As evidenced by the variation in the ab-plane lattice parameters and Mn-O bond lengths, the AFM interactions and dielectric anomalies of YbMnO3 can be effectively modulated by varying grain size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the distributions of the magnetic moment and magnetic volume of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). These distributions were estimated by applying the singular value decomposition method to the M-H curve measured in the liquid phase. The estimated distributions were compared with a mixture of log-normal distributions, and two results agree well with each other. Using the estimated distribution of the magnetic moment, we also analyzed the M-H curve of immobilized MNPs in order to estimate the average value of the anisotropy energy constant Ku and the characteristic time τON that determines the Neel relaxation of immobilized MNPs. The values Ku and τON are estimated as 4 kJ/m3 and 1 × 10-9 s, respectively, for Resovist MNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have examined the effects of core-shell intermixing on the dynamical magnetism of γ-Fe2O3/ MnO nanoparticles. The core and shell phases were identified using x-ray diffraction, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy identified Mn ions in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites, consistent with a significant amount of substitution at the core-shell interface to form an Fe/Mn-ferrite. The dynamical response was probed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, which decouples surface and core spins, and suggested a change in the relaxation behaviour among the spin populations within γ-Fe2O3/MnO relative to the γ-Fe2O3 seed particles. Interestingly, the magnetic relaxation effects at the atomic scale, measured via Möossbauer spectroscopy, were enhanced, indicating that the addition of an MnO shell and intermixing affected the dynamical freezing process which altered the surface magnetism of the γ-Fe2O3 core. Our results show that both the MnO shell and the interfacial intermixed layer are important in determining the core-shell nanoparticle magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous monodisperse spindle-like α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials are first synthesized successfully by a hydrothermal method, and then the as-prepared nanoparticles are annealed at different temperatures under various atmospheres to achieve the spindle-like Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The evolution of the features of nanoparticles, including the changes of the structures and microstructures as well as the magnetic properties, during the reduction process has been investigated by using the Raman spectrum and Mössbauer spectrum. Our research reveals that the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles annealed by covering of the C powder become a mixture of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in the range of annealing temperature from 300 °C to 800 °C. With reduced atmospheric H2, spindle-like α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are transferred to mixture of α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Fe as temperature increases. They are also converted from a typical rhombohedral structure to a cubic α-Fe phase at 500 °C. Finally, with the atmosphere of H2/Ar (5%/95%), a pure Fe3O4 phase, and its excellent magnetic properties are achieved at 450 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with the carbothermal reduction method. The morphology, phase composition, and oxidation resistance of the composite nanofibers were investigated. The results showed that ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC composite nanofibers with good crystallinity were obtained after calcination at 1550 °C. The obtained fibers distributed uniformly, and the average diameter was about 375 nm. ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC nanofibers were oxidized at 587 °C, which was higher than that of the ZrB 2 –ZrC nanofibers. It revealed that the addition of SiC could improve the oxidation resistance of ZrB 2 –ZrC composite nanofibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning is a simple, cost-effective, and versatile technique for fabrication of nanofibers. However, nanofibers obtained from the conventional electrospinning are typically disordered, which seriously limits their application. In this work, we present a novel and facile technique to obtain aligned nanofibers with high efficiency by using parallel inductive-plates assisted electrospinning (PIES). In this new electrospinning setup, the electrostatic spinneret is contained in a pair of parallel inductive-plates, which can change the shape and direction of the electric field line during the electrospinning so as to control the flight trajectory and spatial alignment of the spinning nanofibers. This electrospinning setup can divide the electric field line into two parts which are respectively directed to the edge of the upper and lower inductive-plates. Then the nanofibers move along the electric field line, suspend and align between the parallel inductive-plates. Finally, the well aligned nanofibers could be easily transferred onto other substrates for further characterizations and applications. The aligned nanofibers with an average diameter of 469 ± 115 nm and a length as long as 140 mm were successfully achieved by using PIES technique. Moreover, nanofiber arrays with different cross angles and three-dimensional films formed by the aligned nanofibers were also facilely obtained. The novel PIES developed in this work has been proved to be a facile, cost-effective and promising approach to prepare aligned nanofibers for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classification of core-spun yarn varieties and key production techniques were discussed in this article, and the spinning methods for producing 14 core-spun yarns in the spinning and twisting process were introduced. Then the equipment transformation, production methods, technological measures, operation methods and quality control of each core-spun yarn were briefly described, and the quality indicators of the core-spun yarn were compared and analyzed. It is believed that using different core-yarn combinations can develop new varieties of core-yarn. The new varieties have played their respective advantages to meet the demand for more personalized choices of core-spun yarns, and thus can better meet the needs of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic nanocarbon (EN) is a class of material receiving intense interest as a potential replacement for expensive, metal-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion and chemical production applications. The further development of EN will require an intricate knowledge of its catalytic behaviors, however, the true nature of their electrocatalytic activity remains elusive. This review highlights work that contributed valuable knowledge in the elucidation of EN catalytic mechanisms. Experimental evidence from spectroscopic studies and well-defined molecular models, along with the survey of computational studies, is summarized to document our current mechanistic understanding of EN-catalyzed oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen electrochemistry. We hope this review will inspire future development of synthetic methods and in situ spectroscopic tools to make and study well-defined EN structures. Electrocatalytic nanocarbon (EN) is a class of materials receiving intense interest as next generation electrocatalysts. Although impressive platforms, work is still required to develop our mechanistic understanding of them to that of molecular electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatid cyst is a common disease between humans and canines. Mebendazole has been used to treat this disease. Understanding and upgrading Mebendazole drug delivery system are the aim of this study. In this study, nanofibers containing drugs were fabricated by electrospinning. In the structure of nanofibers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer is used as a drug release controller. In vitro, the living protoscoleces were exposed to nanofibers and the controlling effect of PVP was monitored using live protoscoleces mortality observation. The study found that PVP could be an effective controller of Mebendazole release from nanofiber. The higher the amount of PVP in the nanofibers, the lower the drug release rate and consequently the protoscoleces mortality rate decreases. Based on the statistical results of mortality, protoscoleces showed that PVP had significant controlling effects (p < 0.05). Kinetics and thermodynamic studies of the Mebendazole drug release process from nanofiber were performed. It was found that the release is carried out by the diffusion mechanism and the Sahlin–Peppas model describes the experimental data better than the other models. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the enthalpy changes (ΔH > 0) are positive and that the process is endothermic. Entropy changes (ΔS < 0) indicate an increase in system disorder during drug release, and Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG > 0) indicate that drug release from the nanofibers is not spontaneous. Nanofibers that have more controller have a larger activation energy (Ea). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiscale-reinforced polymers offer enhanced functionality due to the three different scales that are incorporated; microfiber, nanofiber, and nanoparticle. This work aims to investigate the applicability of different polymer-based nanofabrics, fabricated via electrospinning as reinforcement interlayers for multilayer-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Three different polymers are examined; polyamide 6, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinylidene fluoride, both plain and doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effect of nanotube concentration on the properties of the resulting nanofabrics is also examined. Nine different nanofabric systems are prepared. The stress-strain behavior of the different nanofabric systems, which are eventually used as reinforcement interlayers, is investigated to assess the enhancement of the mechanical properties and to evaluate their potential as interlayer reinforcements. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to visualize the morphology and microstructure of the electrospun nanofabrics. The thermal behavior of the nanofabrics is investigated via differential scanning calorimetry to elucidate the glass and melting point of the nanofabrics, which can be used to identify optimum processing parameters at composite level. Introduction of MWCNTs appears to augment the mechanical response of the polymer nanofabrics. Examination of the mechanical performance of these interlayer reinforcements after heat treatment above the glass transition temperature reveals that morphological and microstructural changes can promote further enhancement of the mechanical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid electrospun nanofibers of polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin are considered as drug‐delivery systems for increasing the treatment efficacy in superficial (skin) wounds. Continuous delivery of therapeutic agents, skin extracellular matrix similarity, management of wound exudate, and antimicrobial barrier effect are the major advantages of electrospun nanofibers in skin applications. Additionally, combining the favorable properties of PCL and gelatin, regarding their biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical performance have been revealed promising parameters to be considered for blend in hybrid structures. However, the usual optimization protocol of nanofibers' production in electrospinning is based on the observation of one‐variable‐at‐time being this methodology expensive and time‐consuming. Therefore, in this research work, a statistical model based on four input variables namely, the flow rate, the needle‐working distance, the applied voltage, and the ratio of PCL in the solution, is developed to predict the behavior of nanofibers. The performance of nanofibers is monitored by measurements of fiber's diameter, mesh's thickness, and mesh's permeability. Overall, the model showed to be statistically significant (p‐value < 0.05) and an independent analysis validated the predicted response for optimal condition. Finally, a delivery study is performed to evaluate the electrospun mesh performance as a drug carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes a new stacked structure with porous nanofiber‐based piezoelectric nanogenerator by near‐field electrospinning. The 3D‐stacked porous nanofibers structure enhances the stress concentration effect such that the PVDF‐TrFE nanofibers can promote higher performance in electrical output. By mimicking the additive manufacturing in near‐field electrospinning (NFES) setup, structurally simple and piezoelectrically effective fabrication is capable of converting stacked porous PVDF‐TrFE nanofiber into a high‐performance sensor. The electrical voltage output performance is enhanced more than 2.7 times compared with primitive PVDF‐TrFE nanofiber. Furthermore, a self‐powered foot pressure recognition statistical system and an individual gait biometrics system are developed to provide gait recognition and a new biometrics technology. A personal sequence gait piezoelectric signal recognition rate of 86% is achieved by deep learning BiLSTM model. Furthermore, besides expanding the application area of self‐powered system to smart wearable device monitoring, this work also stimulates the evolution of big data analytics in the intelligent medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]