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History can inconspicuously repeat itself through words and language. We explored the association between the "Black" and "African American" racial labels and the ideologies of the historical movements within which they gained prominence (Civil Rights and Black Power, respectively). Two content analyses and two preregistered experimental studies (N = 1,204 White American adults) show that the associations between "Black" and "bias and discrimination" and between "African American" and "civil rights and equality" are evident in images, op-eds, and perceptions of organizations. Google Images search results for "Black people" evoke more racially victimized imagery than search results for "African American people" (Study 1), and op-eds that use the Black label contain more bias and discrimination content than those that use the African American label (Study 2). Finally, White Americans infer the ideologies of organizations by the racial label within the organization's name (Studies 3 and 4). Consequently, these inferences guide the degree to which Whites support the organization financially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used electronic name tags to conduct a fine-grained analysis of the pattern of socializing dynamics at a mixer attended by about 100 business people, to examine whether individuals in such minimally structured social events can initiate new and different contacts, despite the tendency to interact with those they already know or who are similar to them. The results show that guests did not mix as much as might be expected in terms of making new contacts. They were much more likely to encounter their pre-mixer friends, even though they overwhelmingly stated before the event that their goal was to meet new people. At the same time, guests did mix in the sense of encountering others who were different from themselves in terms of sex, race, education, and job. There was no evidence of homophily (attraction to similar others) in the average encounter, although it did operate for some guests at some points in the mixer. Results also revealed a phenomenon that we call "associative homophily," in which guests were more likely to join and continue engagement with a group as long as it contained at least one other person of the same race as them. We consider the implications of these results for organizations and individuals seeking to develop their networks and for theories of network dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on orthodox view in philosophy of language. Topics include meaning of name exhausted by reference and consequently when a name contributes its reference to the truth conditions of a sentence; and extension of a name is insensitive to parameters of the index so shifting parameters of the index never result in shifting the extension of the name.

Purpose: Pictures consistently referred to by the same name (high agreement) are named faster than pictures that elicit inconsistent responses across individuals (low agreement). Although this effect is more pronounced in older adults apparently due to slower lexical selection, it is unclear whether this is consistent for different types of low agreement pictures. We investigated whether pictures with different sources of disagreement have differing selection requirements, as indexed by naming latencies. Method: Picture naming latencies were compared for 20 young (ages 18-35 years) and 20 older adults (ages 60-80 years) across 3 object naming conditions: high name agreement, low name agreement due to multiple correct names, and low agreement due to abbreviations and elaborations. Results: Compared to high agreement items, responses were slower specifically for low agreement items with multiple names, and to a lesser extent, items with abbreviations and elaborations (p < .001). Older adults were slower than younger adults, especially for low agreement items with abbreviations and elaborations (p = .031). Conclusions: Our findings indicate differential lexical selection requirements for low agreement pictures, depending on the reason for agreement being low. This demonstrates the importance of differentiating the source of disagreement in any experimental or clinical assessment of picture naming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on a new inclusion denture marking system. Several methods and techniques were followed in the study for the production of a tag that would be unobtrusive in the finished denture and leaves the name of the patient highlighted beneath the polished surface. A soaking routine was followed and the effect of a name tag insert on the strength of the denture was assessed. It has been concluded that a spirit pen can be used for writing the name of the patient on a processed strip of heat cured acrylic resin denture-base material. It was also found that the insertion of the tag into the denture at the trial closure stage has no negative effect upon the finished denture's strength and a cleaning regime had little harmful effect upon the readability of the name.

Several countries are planning to store nuclear spent fuel in long term geological repositories, preserved by copper canisters with an iron insert. This new approach involves many challenging problems and one is to satisfy safeguards requirements: the Continuity of Knowledge (CoK) of the fuel must be kept from the encapsulation plant up to the final repository. To date, no measurement system has been suggested for a unique identification and authentication. Following the list of the most important safeguards, safety and security requirements for copper canisters identification and authentication, a review of conventional tagging technologies and measurement systems for nuclear items is reported in this paper. The aim of this study is to verify to what extent each technology could be potentially used for keeping the CoK of copper canisters. Several tagging methods are briefly described and compared, discussing advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Names and experiences in schools are often tied together in a child's identity formation. This is true for all children, but becomes an increasingly important topic as classrooms in the United States are becoming more diverse. In this study, we seek to explore the idea of names as identity in picture books depicting minority children. In doing so, we seek to understand the connections between the pressures to assimilate the names of diverse children and the behavior of their classroom teachers. To explore this topic, we have chosen to examine ten picture books published since 2000 that depict diverse children and their experiences surrounding their name and their identity in schools in the United States. To analyze these texts we used an inductive qualitative model for content analysis (Hesse-Biber and Leavy, ) and critical discourse analysis (Rogers and Christian, ) noting scenes and illustrations from the texts that best represent three main themes: Negotiating the Pressures to Assimilate, Teacher Characters and the Abdication of Responsibility, and Negotiating the Fear of Identity Loss. Critical literacy and postcolonial thought offer insights into the fear and pain associated with assimilation to school settings as well as the roles of adults, both parents and teachers, in perpetuating the assimilation of students into U.S. schools. The findings support the idea that while these books seek to empower minority and immigrant children, they often inadvertently reify the very systems of power they set out to critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the movements and spread of a species over time and space is a major concern of ecology. Here, we assessed the effects of an individual's sex and the density and sex ratio of conspecifics in the local and neighboring environment on the movement probability of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus. In a "two patches" experiment, we used radiofrequency identification tags to study the C. sordidus movement response to patch conditions. We showed that local and neighboring densities of conspecifics affect the movement rates of individuals but that the density-dependent effect can be either positive or negative depending on the relative densities of conspecifics in local and neighboring patches. We demonstrated that sex ratio also influences the movement of C. sordidus, that is, the weevil exhibits nonfixed sex-biased movement strategies. Sex-biased movement may be the consequence of intrasexual competition for resources (i.e., oviposition sites) in females and for mates in males. We also detected a high individual variability in the propensity to move. Finally, we discuss the role of demographic stochasticity, sex-biased movement, and individual heterogeneity in movement on the colonization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dogs are filling a growing number of roles supporting people with various disabilities, leading to a chaotic situation in the U.S. Although the federal laws allow public access with working dogs only for people with disabilities, no governmental enforcement or management system for such dogs exists. Furthermore, there is no substantive way to confirm whether the dog is an adequately trained assistance dog or not, as neither the handlers nor the dogs are required to carry any particular certification or identification. Therefore, unqualified assistance dogs and incidents such as dog bites by assistance dogs sometimes are problems in the U.S. A governmental oversight system could reduce problems, but no information is available about the current uses of assistance dogs in the U.S. We aimed to investigate the current demographics of registered assistance dogs and the evolving patterns in uses of dogs during 1999–2012 in California. We acquired data on assistance dogs registered by animal control facilities throughout California. We used descriptive statistics to describe the uses of these assistance dogs. The number of assistance dogs sharply increased, especially service dogs, in the past decade. Dogs with small body sizes, and new types of service dogs, such as service dogs for psychiatric and medical assistance, strongly contributed to the increase. The Assistance Dog Identification tags sometimes were mistakenly issued to dogs not fitting the definition of assistance dogs under the law, such as emotional support animals and some cats; this reveals errors in the California governmental registering system. Seemingly inappropriate dogs also were registered, such as those registered for the first time at older than 10 years of age. This study reveals a prevalence of misuse and misunderstanding of regulations and legislation on assistance dogs in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermocompression bonding is one of the most important procedures in radio frequency identification tag fabrication because the electrical and mechanical properties of the joint greatly influence the overall tag performances. The characteristics of the joint are determined by the alignment between the microchip and antenna pads, the adhesives used, and various bonding parameters (temperature, pressure, and time). This paper uses an electrical equivalent circuit analysis, electromagnetic full-wave simulations, and environmental tests to investigate the factors that influence the reading performance of the flip chip bonding process. First, based on an equivalent circuit analysis of the bonded tag, the effect of the parasitic impedance on impedance matching and power transfer is analyzed. The parasitic impedance is then estimated by comparison with the measured impedance of the bonded chips. Second, we investigate the variation in the reading performance of the tag when various geometrical errors are generated at the joint between the microchip and the antenna. Finally, the bonding parameters for stable reading performance are studied by completing environmental tests. The results provide useful information for achieving stable reading performance of tags in flip chip bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate parents' preferences regarding the appearance and attire of orthodontists. Materials and Methods: Parents attending their child's first orthodontic appointment were asked to choose from among sets of photographs of potential orthodontic providers. Selected factors were varied within the sets, including sex and age of the provider as well as attire (casual, formal, white coat, or scrubs), hairstyle (loose or tied back for women, facial hair or clean shaven for men), and presence of a nametag. Results: A total of 77 parents participated. There were significant differences in choice of provider in terms of the provider's sex (P < .0001), age (P = .0013), dress (P < .0001), hair (P< .0001), and nametag (P = .0065). There were no significant differences in preference attributable to parent characteristics (P > .05). Conclusion: Parents of orthodontic patients demonstrated clear preferences for choosing a provider related to factors that are not within the control of the practitioner (sex and age) as well as factors that can be changed by the practitioner (attire, hairstyle, and wearing a nametag). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of advanced computing where complex algorithms and expensive approaches are used to determine the machine parameters of a synchronous machine (SM), this paper proposes a novel, economical, and yet fundamental approach toward estimation of the d- and q-axis fields and damper circuit parameters of a low-/medium-power wound-field SM. The proposed novel methodology employs fundamental voltage, current, and flux linkage relationships of the three-phase wound-field SM in a-b-c reference frame theory. First, the proposed methodology has been explained in detail using analytical equations and then employed to determine the aforementioned parameters of a small laboratory SM. Other equivalent circuit parameters have been determined using conventional tests. Further validation of the proposed methodology was performed using two other larger machines with different nameplate ratings. Moreover, the aforementioned parameters of the larger machines were also experimentally determined using IEEE standard tests. Finally, a comparison of the results obtained employing the conventional and the proposed methodologies was performed, and the proposed methodology has been established to be valid as the results are in close agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the contribution of hybridist Theodore Luqueer Mead in the bromeliad hybridization in the U.S. Topics include the horticultural achievements of Mead, the collaboration of Mead and Henry Nehrling in collecting, breeding, and hybridized bromeliads, and how Mead labels and names his orchid crossing with the use of zinc labels and metal stylus.

Abstract: A new APM computer-generated hologram algorithm for minimizing DC components and more effective data recovery is presented for the purpose of an ID tag application. In this method, a technique of randomization of the input data is introduced prior to the Fourier transform. As a result, DC components are localized at the center region, which is only 1 data cell, regardless of input data. The size of the tag pattern is reduced 2.25 times using a color encryption technique. Our experimental result through the image captured by a camera also shows that approximately 50% damaged APM-CGH tags can be reconstructed at a low error rate of about 1.8%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management / Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Personalized identification (ID) tags that contain contact information for the dog or cat owner can help assure lost animals are quickly reunited with their owners. The authors have previously reported that while the majority of pet owners stated that ID tags were very important, only a third responded that their pet wears an ID tag. The objective of this study was to evaluate if providing and putting on the pet a free collar and ID tag during an owner''s visit to a veterinary hospital or spay/neuter facility increased the likelihood that the pet owners would actually keep the identification on their pet at least 6–8 weeks after they were placed on the pet. A second population of dogs and cats that were adopted from animal control and humane society shelters were also studied to assess retention of a collar and personalized ID tag. Telephone follow-up occurred a mean of 8 weeks after the tag was applied. Retaining and using the tag significantly increased for the veterinary group with 13.8% reporting their pets were currently wearing an ID tag pre-intervention, and 84.3% reporting their pets were currently wearing and ID tag post-intervention. Of the dogs and cats that were adopted, at follow-up 94% of owners reported their pets were currently wearing an ID tag. Approximately 5% of those who participated in the post-intervention survey lost a pet and recovered that pet because of the ID tag. This suggests that ID tagging is an effective method to potentially decrease stray intake into shelters and return pets home. The data also support placing tags and collars directly on pets as a method to retain those ID tags and collars on the animals, thus increasing the likelihood they will be returned home if lost or during a disaster. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Detection of modulated light signals transmitted by active image markers can be used in object localization tasks and machine vision applications. The asynchronous demodulation pixel is able to detect the signal transmitted by these modulated markers. The modulated marker position in a two-dimensional pixel array can be used to identify the marker location in the field. In this paper the asynchronous demodulation pixel is analyzed and its operation is investigated in the presence of non-ideal effects such as parasitic elements, device mismatches and process variations. The effect of demodulator bias conditions and different switch pulsing techniques are examined and a modified demodulator controlling method is presented to increase the dynamic range and sensitivity of the pixel compared with the common operation schemes. The different demodulator structures are also simulated as 64 × 64 pixel array sensors using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process and their operation is compared regarding sensitivity, filter transfer function, pixel size and power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient safety initiatives throughout the anatomic laboratory and in biorepository laboratories have mandated increasing emphasis on the need for accurately identifying and tracking biospecimen assets throughout their production lifecycle and for archiving/ retrieval purposes. However, increasing production volume along with complex workflow characteristics, reliance on manual production processes, and required asset movement to disparate destinations throughout asset lifecycles continue to challenge laboratory efforts. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, use of radio waves to communicate data between electronic tags attached to objects and a reader, shows significant potential to facilitate and overcome these hurdles. Advantages over traditional barcode labeling include readability without direct line-of-sight alignment to the reader, ability to read multiple tags simultaneously, higher data storage capacity, faster data transmission rate, and capacity to perform multiple read-writes of data to the tag. Most importantly, use of radio waves decreases the need to manually scan each asset, and at each step, identification or tracking event is needed. Temperature monitoring by on-board sensors and three-dimensional position tracking are additional potential benefits of using RFID technology. To date, barriers to implementation of RFID systems in the anatomic laboratory include increased associated costs of tags and readers, system software, data security concerns, lack of specific data standards for stored information, and potential for technological obsolescence during decades of specimen storage. Novel RFID production techniques and increased production capacity are projected to lower costs of some tags to a few cents each. Potentially, information security concerns can be addressed by techniques such as shielding, data encryption, and tag pseudonyms. Commitment by stakeholder groups to develop RFID tag data standards for anatomic pathology and biorepository laboratories could avoid or mitigate the "islands of data" dilemma presented by barcode usage where there are innumerable standards and a consequent paucity of hardware or software "plug and play" interoperability. Work remains to be done to establish the durability andappropriate shielding of individual tag types for use in harsh laboratory environmental conditions, and for long-term archival storage. Finally, given the requirements for long-term storage of biospecimen assets, consideration should be given to ways of mitigating data isolation due to eventual technological obsolescence of a particular RFID technology or software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Names are not merely labels. They have meaning and significance, my own life has been shaped by my name. So what we call our schoalrly pursuits and practice is important. I do prospective, not futures studies. This essay explores the significance of the term ‘prospective’ and suggests that it has aspirations of becoming a discipline. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The typifications of the Linnaean names Centaurea aspera and C. nudicaulis are discussed. Specimens from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) are designated as the neotype (No. 1030.49) and lectotype (No. 1030.72) of the names C. aspera and C. nudicaulis, respectively. Centaurea uniflora was first published by Turra (1765) rendering "C. uniflora L." (1767) a later isonym. Centaurea uniflora is lectotypified using an illustration from Boccone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recently, there have been a considerable amount of works for privacy-preserving RFID tags. However, most existing schemes have a common, inherent problem in the fact that in order to identify only one single tag they require a linear computational complexity on the system side. This problem makes use of the schemes impractical in large-scale RFID deployments. We propose a new scheme for privacy-preserving RFID tags which combines the classical challenge-response mechanism with the idea of one-time pads in a simple but practical way. Our technique has a number of crucial advantages. It supports mutual authentication between reader and tag. It also supports untraceability with no information leakage. Furthermore, the scheme we present requires only one cryptographic operation to identify one device among N, which is an important benefit in large-scale RFID systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ability to identify animals individually throughout their lives is a cornerstone of sound population ecology research. However, because not all marks are permanent it is important to accurately account for the loss of marks. To this end, animals are often marked with two marks to limit the chance of the animal being presumed dead i.e. lost to the study by being individually unidentifiable, when actually alive. To account for the eventuality that both marks are lost, mark loss rates are generally assumed to be independent and adjustments to the number of animals alive are made accordingly. This assumption that tags on the same animal are lost independently was tested within the multi-model-inference framework in a study of 5928 branded, tagged and weighed (at weaning) elephant seals at Macquarie Island. Our key finding was that the probability of loosing a second tag after the first had been lost was dependent on the probability of having already lost a first tag and that on average there was a 28.1% greater likelihood of loosing a second tag once the first had been lost. Indeed, there was no support (ΔQAICc >64.5) for models which included this assumption of independence. We found little evidence for differences in the tag loss rates between the sexes (ER=1.08, i.e. models with and without the gender/sex variable were equivalent). However, we did find that heavier seals were more likely to retain their tags (ψ 2:2 and ψ 1:1 combined) than lighter seals (0.96 year−1 and 0.83 year−1 respectively), and that lighter seals were more likely to move into the zero tag state than heavier seals (ψ 2:0 0.386 year−1 and 0.187 year−1 respectively and ψ 1:0 0.121 year−1 and 0.057 year−1 respectively). We suggest that tag loss in lighter seals may exhibit a higher degree of dependence than heavier seals. Using age and site specific tag loss estimates are crucial when correcting survival estimates in mark–-recapture studies because there are a number of factors that may be responsible for differences in the rates of loss e.g. tag placement and animal condition. Importantly, there is a growing body of evidence, to which this study contributes, showing that the general assumption of independence to calculate double tag loss is flawed, we suggest that where possible permanent methods of marking should be considered ahead of other non-permanent methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A method of marking metal items with unique corrosion and wear resistant identification tags has been developed at the Center for Laser Applications (CLA) at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI). The method, coined LISI™ laser marking, uses a laser beam to melt a pre-placed powder mix of alloying compounds into the surface of the part in a desired pattern. The formulation of the powder mix is designed to enhance the surface properties of the laser processed areas and protect the identification tags from the specific corrosion and aggressive wear during transportation, operation and overhaul. The specific marking preparation steps, typical processing conditions and a representative set of results are presented for LISI™ laser marking of AISI 4340 steel with Cr-CrB2, and 2024 aluminum with WC. Results include transverse cross-sectional views and hardness measurements of the marked material, and data on the concentration of alloying compounds within the laser melted layer. The corrosion and wear resistance of LISI™ data matrix marks was also investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, a novel method of obstacle recognition and localization for mobile robots using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and stereo vision is proposed. It is inexpensive, flexible and easy to use in practical environments. As information about the obstacles or environment can be written in ID tags, the proposed method can detect the obstacles easily and quickly compared with other methods. RF is not so stable, so the Bayes rule was introduced to calculate the probability where the ID tag exists in order to improve the accuracy of localizing obstacles with the ID tags. Then the stereo camera starts to process the image of the region of interest where the obstacle exists. The proposed method does not need to process all the image and easily gets some information about obstacles such as size, and color, and thus decreases the processing computation. Research on RFID technology integrating stereo vision to localize an indoor mobile robot has also been performed. This paper introduces the architecture of the proposed method and some experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the implication of folksonomies to Internet users in the U.S. It states that folksonomies are considered the hottest trend in the Internet industry wherein it serves as a tool for Internet users to add, change and improve World Wide Web content. It is created as users of a Web site add "tags" or keywords to describe items on a Web site thus they can choose from their own keywords with few or no restrictions imposed on it. The keywords are not selected from an existing controlled vocabulary, a strict taxonomy or any official sanctioned method of bibliographic description. According to Thomas Vander Wal, who created the term folksonomy, these are created when people tag items online for some information retrieval purposes.

The article reports on the study conducted on the possible conflicts that arise in the use of folksonomies in the U.S. When the library and information sciences industry adopted such tool, they encountered some conflicts which are manifested in several ways including an honest disagreement between two community members about the truthfulness of a given comment, an unreasonable demand on the community as a whole on the part of one another and a troublemaker who is looking for ways to sow the seeds of discontentment in the community for nothing more than entertainment purposes. According to wikipedia.org, out of their 49 policies, 41 of them are used in addressing behavior and 7 governing conflict.

Despite the growing interest in pheromone-based interaction to enforce adaptive and context-aware coordination, the number of deployed systems exploiting digital pheromones to coordinate the activities of situated autonomous agents is still very limited. In this article, we present a simple low-cost and general-purpose implementation of a pheromone-based interaction mechanism for pervasive environments. This is realized by making use of RFID tags to store digital pheromones and by having humans or robots spread/sense pheromones by properly writing/reading RFID tags populating the surrounding physical environment. We exemplify and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach via an application for object-tracking. This application allows robots and humans to find forgotten-somewhere objects by following pheromones trails associated with them. In addition, we sketch further potential applications of our approach in pervasive computing scenarios, discuss related work in the area, and identify future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information delays exist when the most recent inventory information available to the Inventory Manager (IM) is dated. Such situations arise when it takes a while to process the demand data, count the inventory, and pass the results to the IM. We show that the optimal total inventory-related cost decreases when the length of the information delay decreases. The amount of the decrease is an important datum for an IM interested in considering whether or not to invest in reducing the delay. The investment is required to finance design and acquisition of an information (collection and dissemination) system that can reduce the information delay. Such systems include phone calls, business meetings, and the use of information collection mechanisms such as radiofrequency identification tags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how to use a radio frequency identification (RFID) system to check radioactive stored in lead containers. This portable system could help prevent the discharging of orphan sources and contaminated materials from a controlled area to the general public. The RFID was composed of a reader, identification tags, a notebook computer, and software. The ID tags operated without batteries by using integrated circuits with an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory and antennas. The read range of the ID tags was adjusted for discriminating the multiple sources and to avoid accidental contamination. For routinely checking radioactive sources, this RFID system using long waves proved to be applicable.

Cites the applicability of the technique used in examining questionable documents for the analysis of faded hospital identification wristbands found with unidentified remains. Design of the technique to analyze inks and handwritten alterations and obliterations; Usefulness of the infrared inspection to assist with the identification of unidentified skeletal remains.