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Background The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene deficiency is known to cause insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and impaired coronary vasodilating capability in animal models. In the general clinical population, the eNOS gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp, G894T), able to reduce eNOS activity, was associated either with features of the metabolic syndrome or prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Purpose To investigate the possible association of Glu298Asp polymorphism with cardiometabolic risk [insulin resistance, increased triglycerides (TG) and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)], obstructive CAD and inducible myocardial ischemia in stable patients with suspected coronary disease. Methods Six cardiology units enrolled a total of 506 consecutive patients (314 males; mean age 62±9 years) referred for suspected CAD within the BIOGEN-CARE Tuscan Region Italian Study. Among these, 325 patients underwent stress ECG or cardiac imaging to assess the presence of inducible ischemia and 436 patients underwent non invasive computerized tomography or invasive coronary angiography to assess the presence of obstructive CAD (>50% stenosis in at least one major coronary vessel). Blood samples were collected from each patient for genotyping and measurements of lipid and glucose parameters. The TG/HDL-C ratio and the TyG-index [ln(TG × Fasting plasma glucose/2)] were used as synthetic markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, main components of the cardiometabolic risk. Results In the whole population, 49.6% of patients were homozygous for the G894allele, 40.9% heterozygotes, and 9.5% homozygous for T894. Myocardial ischemia was documented in 160/325 (49.2%) patients undergoing stress testing and obstructive CAD in 178/436 (40.8%) patients undergoing coronary angiography. Patients carrying the T allele (dominant model TT+GT vs GG) had higher TG/HDL ratio (2.7±1.8 vs 2.5±1.9, P=0.03) (Figure) without differences in other lipid and glucose markers. Independent predictors of obstructive CAD were age, gender, obesity, diabetes and TG/HDL-C ratio but not the the T allele (OR 0.80; CI 0.51–1.25; ns). Independent predictors of inducible ischemia were age, gender, obesity and the T allele (OR 1.91; CI 01.19–3.08; P=0.007). Stratifying the population for both obstructive CAD and ischemia, the T allele was associated with increased risk of ischemia (OR 1.96; CI 1.11–3.44; P=0.02) even after adjustment for the presence of obstructive CAD (OR 3.09; CI 1.85–5.78; P Conclusions In stable patients with suspected CAD, the eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism is an independent risk factor for inducible myocardial ischemia and is significantly associated with the specific cardiometabolic risk expressed by high TG and low HDL-C which independently predicts obstructive CAD. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): “BIOhumoral and GENetic predictors of CARdiac Evolving phenotype in Ischemic Heart Disease (BIOGENCARE-IHD)”; funded by Toscan Region-Programma per la ricerca regionale in materia di Salute 2009

Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a primary disease of the myocardium with arrhythmic manifestations and fibro–fatty replacement either of the right (RV) or the left ventricle (LV) at the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Over the last decade, different mutations in cardiac genes associated with heterogeneous phenotypes have been identified. Aim To investigate the genotype–phenotype relationships in ACM patients. Firstly, the phenotypic expression was defined in definite mutation carriers. Secondly, the prognostic significance of mutations was assessed across different phenotypes. Methods The study population included 281 patients with suspected ACM, based on family history, clinical and electrocardiographic evaluation, echocardiographic and CMR findings (Fig.1), studied at our Institution since 2012. All patients underwent genetic evaluation using Sanger sequencing and NGS of mutations in desmosomal (desmoplakin [DSP], plakophilin–2[PKP2], plakoglobin[JUP], desmoglein–2 [DSG2], desmocollin–2 [DSC2]) or non desmosomal genes. The composite endpoint included cardiac death, sustained and non–sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), appropriate defibrillator shock/antitachycardia pacing (ATP). Results The genetic test was positive in 113 patients (40%), 82 (73%) for desmosomal genes (41 DSP, 15 DSG2, 15 PKP2, 5 JUP, 6 DSC2), and 31 (27%) for non–desmosomal genes (4 titin, 2 TMEM 43, 2 lamin A/C, 23 others). Gene–positive compared to gene–negative (n = 168, 60%) patients showed a higher prevalence of LV ejection fraction (EF)

Las malformaciones del tubo digestivo son, en frecuencia, el tercer grupo de anomalias despues de las malformaciones renales y del sistema nervioso central. Su incidencia se estima en uno de cada 3.000-4.000 nacimientos. En la gran mayoria de los casos, se caracterizan por sintomas obstructivos en el periodo pre y posnatal. Su tratamiento es quirurgico, con caracter mas o menos urgente segun la etiologia y el nivel de la obstruccion. Algunas ocurren muy temprano en el desarrollo, por lo que reciben la denominacion de embriopatias (antes de las 10 semanas de amenorrea [SA]). Pueden ir acompanadas entonces de un cortejo de otras malformaciones locales o generales que deben detectarse. Otras se forman mas tarde en el embarazo y corresponden a fetopatias (mas alla de las 10 SA). Al nacer, aparte de la exploracion fisica inicial, la radiografia toracoabdominal permite orientar la continuacion de las exploraciones radiologicas antes de decidir la estrategia quirurgica. Las malformaciones colicas (atresia colica, duplicacion colica, malformaciones anorrectales, enfermedad de Hirschsprung, seudoobstruccion intestinal cronica) no se tratan en este articulo y se desarrollan en articulos especificos de la EMC.

The availability of suitable storage methods for parasitoids is a valuable tool in biological control programs. Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of cold storage with acclimation period on the quality of Trichogramma nerudai Pintureau and Gerding. Prepupae were stored 50, 75 and 100 days at 5 °C with a previous acclimation period of 10 or 20 days at 12 °C. It was possible to arrest the development of T. nerudai. All the treatments with acclimation period of ten days had emergence values under 10% that were not useful to establish a cold storage protocol. Twenty days of acclimation had a positive impact on cold storage tolerance at 50 and 75 days. The adult emergence, the emergence time, the sex ratio, the parasitism and the progeny quality have not been affected by the storage of T. nerudai using an acclimation period of 20 days and until 50 days under cold temperature.

Inundative biological control depends on the ability of natural enemies to disperse and persist in the environment. The objective was to evaluate the dispersion and persistence of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Nagaraja) on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) eggs. Inundative releases of this parasitoid were performed in experimental tomato greenhouses. For vertical dispersion, leaves of the upper and middle third of plants were artificially infested with T. absoluta eggs; for horizontal dispersion, plants at increasing distances from a release point were infested. These eggs were renewed at days 2 and 4 to evaluate persistence. The amount of parasitized patches was registered. Logistic regression analysis was used. The position of the eggs in the plant did not affect the DE (discovery efficiency: proportion of parasitized patches). Time since release negatively affected the DE, while distance affected it only when plants were higher. These results could be used to adjust the release methodology of T. bactrae.

1 The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei is an invasive insect species, native from Australia, that specifcally feeds on Eucalyptus trees. It has invaded several countries throughout the world. In Argentina, it was frst recorded in 2005, although little is known about its ecology in the region. 2 We assessed G. brimblecombei population development on Eucalypus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus dunnii using samples of branches for the immature stages and yellow sticky traps for the adults. We also identifed the meteorological variables associated with changes in the red gum lerp psyllid abundance. 3 The abundance of eggs, nymphs and adults stages of G. brimblecombei was signifcantly greater on E. camaldulensis than on E. dunnii in the 2 years of the survey. 4 Glycaspis brimblecombei development was complete on E. camaldulensis where all instars were present, even in the unfavourable seasons. The full development of the psyllid population was not observed in E. dunnii where a high mortality of the frst and second nymphal instars was detected. 5 Temperature and relative humidity were the variables that mostly affected red gum lerp psyllid abundance, whereas no effect of rainfall was detected. Inst. de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola IMyZA Fil: Lopez, Silvia Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Andorno, Andrea Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Hernandez, Carmen Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Botto, Eduardo Norberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Cuello, Eliana Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones Lucha Biológica; Argentina

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most devastating pests of tomato crops. We studied the acceptability and suitability of eggs laid by irradiated T. absoluta pairs to parasitism by the parasitoids Trichogramma nerudai and Trichogramma pretiosum. Trichogramma absoluta pupae were irradiated with X-radiation (20834 R) and the emerged adults were separated into couples according to the crosses: ♂U × ♀U, ♂I × ♀U, ♂U × ♀I (where ‘U’ is untreated and ‘I’ is irradiated). In a no-choice experiment, 40 eggs from each cross were exposed to a female parasitoid for 24 h. All T. absoluta eggs were accepted for oviposition by T. nerudai and were suitable for its development. However, eggs from irradiated females were significantly less parasitized than those from untreated females. Trichogramma pretiosum showed low parasitism on eggs from all crosses. In a choice experiment, both T. nerudai and T. pretiosum showed no differences in the parasitism of eggs from irradiated (n = 40) and non-irradiated female moths (n = 40). These results indicate that eggs laid by irradiated parents were acceptable for oviposition and suitable for the development of these parasitoids, and also support the idea that the inherited sterility technique could be used in an integrated approach with egg parasitoids to control T. absoluta.

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most devastating pests of tomato. We studied whether partially sterile T. absoluta males and fully sterile females were capable of suppressing wild populations of this moth in semi-controlled conditions. After irradiating T. absoluta pupae with 200 Gy, emerged males and females were released at 10:1 (treated:untreated) and 15:1 over-flooding ratios inside field cages containing tomato plants. The number of eggs and larvae produced was recorded once per wk during 3 mo. An over-flooding ratio of 10:1 caused a decline in larvae production compared with the untreated control cages, but these differences were not statistically significant. Using an over-flooding ratio of 15:1, the moth population in the cages with irradiated insects decreased significantly compared with those in the untreated control cages. In addition, the possibility of combining inherited sterility and a natural enemy as a strategy to manage this pest was investigated. We studied in no choice and choice tests the predation behavior of females of the egg predator Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on eggs derived from the following parental T. absoluta crosses: U × U (control), U × I and I × U (where U = untreated, I = irradiated). In the no choice test, females of the T. cucurbitaceus readily consumed T. absoluta eggs regardless of their origin. In the choice test, T. cucurbitaceus females consumed similar numbers of eggs of untreated parents and eggs oviposited from crosses in which the male had been irradiated. However, the mirid females preyed on significantly more eggs—roughly 20% more—from irradiated females than on eggs from untreated females. We conclude that it is possible to achieve a certain level of suppression of a T. absoluta wild population through the release of irradiated insects, and that it is technically feasible to combine the use of the predator T. cucurbitaceus with inherited sterility to control this moth pest. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) es una de las plagas más devastadoras de los cultivos de tomate. Se estudió si machos parcialmente estériles y hembras totalmente estériles de T. absoluta son capaces de suprimir poblaciones salvajes de esta polilla en condiciones semicontroladas. Después de la irradiación de pupas de T. absoluta a 200 Gy, machos y hembras emergidos fueron liberados con una relación de 10:1 (tratados:no tratados) en el interior de jaulas que contenían plantas de tomate. El número de huevos y larvas producido fue registrado una vez a la semana durante tres meses. El experimento se repitió con una relación de 15:1. El uso de una relación de 10:1 causó una disminución de la población de larvas en comparación con las jaulas control, pero estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Cuando la relación fue 15:1, la población de la polilla en las jaulas con los insectos irradiados disminuyó significativamente en comparación con las jaulas control. Además, se analizó la posible compatibilidad de la esterilidad heredada y el control biológico como estrategia para el control de esta plaga. Se estudió en pruebas sin elección y con elección si los huevos provenientes de los siguientes cruzamientos parentales de T. absoluta: ♀U × ♂U (control), ♀U × ♂I y ♀I × ♂U (donde U = no irradiado, I = irradiado) son igualmente aceptados para el consumo por hembras de Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Hemiptera: Miridae). En la prueba sin elección, las hembras de T. cucurbitaceus consumieron un elevado número de huevos de T. absoluta, independientemente de su origen. En la prueba de elección, las hembras de T. cucurbitaceus consumieron tanto huevos provenientes de parentales no tratados como huevos de parentales con el macho irradiado. Sin embargo, las hembras del mírido predaron significativamente más huevos de hembras irradiadas que huevos de hembras no tratadas. Se concluyó que es posible alcanzar un cierto nivel de supresión de una población salvaje de T. absoluta mediante la liberación de insectos irradiados y que es factible combinar el uso del predador T. cucurbitaceus con IS para controlar esta polilla plaga. Inst. de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola IMyZA Fil: Cagnotti, Cynthia Lorena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Andorno, Andrea Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Hernández, Carmen Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: Carabajal Paladino, Leonale Suzel. Biology Centre CAS. Institute of Entomology; República Checa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Botto, Eduardo Norberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; Argentina Fil: López, Silvia Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola. Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica; Argentina

Tuta absoluta is a key pest of tomato crops originating from South America. The consequences of X-radiation on this species were studied under laboratory controlled conditions. The effect of radiation on adult emergence was evaluated exposing male and female pupae to increasing X-rays. Adult emergence decreased as doses of X-radiation increased, with the appearance of deformities such as malformed wings and bent legs at doses ≥350 Gy. Besides, males and females obtained from irradiated pupae were out crossed with untreated counterparts to explore the effects of X-radiation on inherited sterility. (a) Irradiated male × untreated female crosses. Both fecundity and fertility of the untreated females were reduced by radiation, and the effect was stronger as the doses increased. Neither the longevity of parental males and F1 adults nor the sex ratios of the F1 and F2 generations were affected by X-radiation (F1 and F2: first and second generation of descendants of irradiated adults). Inherited sterility effects were manifested by a significant reduction in the F1 fecundity, F1 fertility, and the amount of larvae and pupae produced. Doses of 200–250 Gy could be used to induce inherited sterility in T. absoluta males. (b) Untreated male × irradiated female crosses. The minimum dose at which irradiated females were completely sterile was 200 Gy. The present study is the first study in T. absoluta that provides the starting point for implementing the inherited sterility in this species.

Bacteremia with streptococcus group G is a rare infection, particularly in the post-partum, but of which the incidence has been increasing since the end of the 20th century. The objective of our work is to report the clinical and the bacteriologic aspects, as well as the therapeutic modalities of an exceptional case of bacteremia with streptococcus group G, after a normal vaginal delivery, in a 26-year-old woman. Streptococcus group G being a part of the normal flora of the female genital tract, the endogenous contamination probably took place by passage in the blood circulation during the episiotomy.

The tomato moth, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, is one of the most important tomato pests in South America. In Argentina, management strategies include only chemical control. In this work, the parasitoid wasp Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja was evaluated as a potential natural enemy against this pest. Biological and population parameters were estimated by developing a life table under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1oC, 14:10 photoperiod and 60 ± 10% RH. Three cohorts of 26-30 T. bactrae females each were placed with one of the three following treatments: 1 - Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs on a piece of cardboard; 2 - S. cerealella eggs on a piece of tomato leaf, and 3- T. absoluta eggs on a piece on tomato leaf. The following parameters were estimated for each cohort: survival (egg to adult), longevity, fecundity and oviposition period of females, sex proportion of the F1, net rate of reproduction (Ro), mean generation time (T) and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm). Survival of the T. bactrae immatures was higher than 90% on both, S. cerealella and T. absoluta eggs. The female survival curves corresponded to type III and showed no significant differences among treatments. The three cohorts did not show significant differences between sex ratio, female longevity, oviposition period, fecundity and the population parameters studied. These results indicate that T. bactrae would be a potential biological control agent of T. absoluta.

Eretmocerus corni and Encarsia formosa are considered important natural enemies to be used as biological control agents against Trialeurodes vaporariorum in Argentina. The effect of cold storage on some biological parameters of the pupal and adult stages of these parasitoids and their progeny is studied. Parasitoid pupae were stored 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at 4.5 ± 2 and 11.5 ± 2 °C, RH = 60–75% in full darkness. For Er. corni , pupal survival was negatively affected when the storage was longer than 7 days at either temperature. Adult emergence time after cold storage was shorter at 11.5 °C and decreased significantly with the time of storage. Adult survival 3 days after emergence, sex ratio, first day fecundity, pupal survival of the F1 progeny, and proportion of F1 females were not affected by cold storage. For En. formosa , storage at 11.5 °C did not affect pupal survival, irrespective of the storage time, but at 4.5 °C the proportion of emerged adults decreased significantly. Adult emergence time was shorter at 11.5 °C and this reduction increased significantly with the duration of the storage period. Adult survival 3 days after emergence did not vary among cold treatments. First day fecundity of En. formosa was negatively affected by storage longer than 14 days at either temperature. Cold storage of pupae had no effect on pupal survival of their F1 progeny. Our results suggest that pupae can be kept at 11.5 °C for up to 14 days or at 4.5 °C for up to 7 days to maintain these parasitoids in suitable condition for release.

The main biological attributes of two Neotropical egg parasitoids, the arrhenotokous Trichogramma nerudai and the thelytokous Trichogramma sp., were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Developmental time from egg to adult, and parasitoid survival, fecundity and fertility were studied using life tables. Results showed that T. nerudai had a faster developmental time than Trichogramma sp. (13.014±0.4019 and 13.595±0.4931 days, respectively). Both species showed similar life table statistics, r m was 0.222 and 0.225 for T. nerudai and Trichogramma sp., respectively. Parasitoid survival averaged 95% for both species. The results obtained are discussed in the context of selecting one of these natural enemies as a potential biological control agent for the European pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pine forests and the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards in Argentina.

The recently discovered species Trichogramma nerudai Pintureau and Gerding (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) could be useful in biological control programs of forest and agricultural insect pests ( Rhyacionia buoliana Denis and Schiffermuller, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, Cydia pomonella Linnaeus). The possibility of storing T. nerudai at low temperatures and the effects of such storage on the quality of the parasitoid and its progeny were studied. T. nerudai pupae were stored 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 days at 4 ± 1 °C in a refrigerator, RH=75 ± 5% and in full darkness. T. nerudai pupae were tolerant to cold storage. The numbers of emerged adults, the proportions of deformed adults and the mobility capacity of T. nerudai were greatly affected from 50 days of cold storage onwards. The single quality traits were combined to show the added effect of low emergence, deformation of emerging individuals, and loss of mobility of the non-deformed individuals. The usefulness to cold store T. nerudai pupae up to 50 days is discussed.

Background: Genetic variants of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) could influence individual susceptibility to coronary artery disease. Objective: To assess whether Glu298→Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene is associated with the occurrence and severity of angiographically defined coronary artery disease in the Italian population. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was done to detect the Glu298→Asp variant of the eNOS gene in 201 patients with coronary artery disease and 114 controls. The severity of coronary artery disease was expressed by the number of affected vessels and by the Duke scoring system. Results: The frequencies of the eNOS Glu/Glu, Glu/Asp, and Asp/Asp genotypes in the coronary artery disease group were significantly different from those of controls (45.3%, 38.8%, and 15.9% v 42.1%, 51.8%, and 6.1%, respectively; χ2 = 8.589, p = 0.0136). In comparison with subjects who had a Glu298 allele in the eNOS gene, the risk of coronary artery disease was increased among Asp/Asp carriers (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 6.8, p = 0.01) and was independent of the other common risk factors (p = 0.04). There was a significant association between the eNOS Glu298→Asp variant and both the number of stenosed vessels (mean (SEM), 2.3 (0.1) for Asp/Asp v 1.9 (0.1) and 1.8 (0.1) for Glu/Glu and Glu/Asp, respectively; p = 0.01) and the Duke score (56.1 (3.1) for Asp/Asp v 46.7 (2.0) and 46.1 (1.9) for Glu/Glu and Glu/Asp, respectively; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Glu298→Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene appears to be associated with the presence, extent, and severity of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease.

Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales), a pathogen of human and some insects, was isolated from dead specimens of the aphid Neotoxoptera formosana present on chives leaves. C. coronatus infected aphids could pose a threat to growers health. Pest control strategies of N. formosana may also contribute to reduce the human infection risk by C. coronatus.

Eretmocerussp. was found parasitizing the greenhouse whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporariorumon tomatoes in Argentina. The objective of the present paper is to make a contribution to the knowledge of some biological parameters ofEretmocerussp. and to evaluate its potential as an agent for biological control. Preimaginal developmental time was estimated simultaneously with that ofEncarsia formosa,another aphelinid parasitoid ofT. vaporariorum,at two different temperatures: 26 ± 1°C and 29 ± 1°C (relative humidity (RH): 50–75%, photoperiod: 14L:10D). The following biological parameters ofEretmocerussp. were also analyzed: longevity, survival rate (lx) and age-specific fertility (mx) of the adult, sex rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), and generational time (Tc). For this purpose a life table was constructed for the parasitoid at 26 ± 1°C, RH: 50–80%, and photoperiod: 14L:10D. Results were as follows:Eretmocerussp. had a longer developmental time at 26 ± 1°C (19.8 days) than at 29 ± 1°C (19.3 days) (ANOVA,P < 0.05). This time was also longer than that ofE. formosaat both temperatures (ANOVA,P < 0.05). The life table showed mean longevity of the adult: 12.8 days (female) and 7.0 days (male);lx50(adults): 12–13 days; mean sex rate: 0.57 (females/(females + males));rm: 0.195 females/female/day;R0: 100.8 females/female;Tc: 23.7 days. Results suggest thatEretmocerussp. could be used in addition toE. formosain the control of the greenhouse whitefly.

THE ELECTRON microprobe analyzer (EMA) is an electron optical instrument that combines the imaging capabilities of light and electron microscopes with the analytical capabilities of X-ray spectrometers. With the electron beam rastered across the sample surface, the EMA can be used like a low-resolution scanning electron microscope, particularly to acquire backscattered electron images. With the electron beam focused to a small area on the sample surface, characteristic X-rays are generated for qualitative or quantitative analysis at micrometer-scale spatial resolution. Electron microprobe analysis is a routinely used, nondestructive technique for characterizing the compositions and compositional variations of minerals as well as other fine-grained materials.

Bacteremia with streptococcus group G is a rare infection, particularly in the post-partum, but of which the incidence has been increasing since the end of the 20th century. The objective of our work is to report the clinical and the bacteriologic aspects, as well as the therapeutic modalities of an exceptional case of bacteremia with streptococcus group G, after a normal vaginal delivery, in a 26-year-old woman. Streptococcus group G being a part of the normal flora of the female genital tract, the endogenous contamination probably took place by passage in the blood circulation during the episiotomy.

The woodwasp Sirex noctilio has become the most important forest pest affecting pine plantations in Argentina. Sirex was first detected in the northeastern provinces in 1985, and it has spread from there throughout most of the commercial pine plantations of the country causing great losses and tree mortality. In 1993, S. noctilio and its parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides became established in the Western Andean Patagonia, near the city of San Carlos de Bariloche (Patagonia, Argentina). A management program that includes trap trees for early detection, thinning and biological control with the parasitic nematode Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola and the entomophagous parasitoid I. leucospoides has since been developed. An overview of the research carried out to date regarding Sirex management in Patagonia is presented and discussed.

The tomato moth, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, is one of the most important tomato pests in South America. In Argentina, management strategies include only chemical control. In this work, the parasitoid wasp Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja was evaluated as a potential natural enemy against this pest. Biological and population parameters were estimated by developing a life table under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1ºC, 14:10 photoperiod and 60 ± 10% RH. Three cohorts of 26-30 T. bactrae females each were placed with one of the three following treatments: 1 - Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs on a piece of cardboard; 2 - S. cerealella eggs on a piece of tomato leaf, and 3- T. absoluta eggs on a piece on tomato leaf. The following parameters were estimated for each cohort: survival (egg to adult), longevity, fecundity and oviposition period of females, sex proportion of the F1, net rate of reproduction (Ro), mean generation time (T) and intrinsic rate of population increase (r m). Survival of the T. bactrae immatures was higher than 90% on both, S. cerealella and T. absoluta eggs. The female survival curves corresponded to type III and showed no significant differences among treatments. The three cohorts did not show significant differences between sex ratio, female longevity, oviposition period, fecundity and the population parameters studied. These results indicate that T. bactrae would be a potential biological control agent of T. absoluta.

Les conditionnements precedant les greffes de CSH sont susceptibles d’entrainer une sterilite. La loi de bioethique statue que « toute personne peut beneficier du recueil et de la conservation de ses gametes ou tissu germinal lorsqu’une prise en charge medicale est susceptible d’alterer sa fertilite ». La cryoconservation de tissu gonadique bien qu’experimentale est la seule option disponible pour les enfants non puberes. Nous rapportons notre activite, de 2006 (ovariectomie) et 2011 (prelevement de pulpe testiculaire) a fin 2013. Notre proposons cette technique a tout patient eligible. Les parents et l’enfant recoivent une information en hematologie, en consultation d’AMP, en anesthesie et en chirurgie et doivent signer un consentement. 54% des patientes et 65% des patients adresses a la consultation specialisee ont accepte le prelevement. 90 interventions (43F, 47G ; 82% d’hemopathies malignes) ont ete realises pour 376 greffes. L’âge median au prelevement etait : filles : 6.8 ans (0.6–15.6) et garcons : 7.3 ans (0.9–16), avec un delai median de 20 j (11–98) entre le prelevement et la greffe. Aucune complication postoperatoire n’a ete observee. Conclusion Cette technique est bien acceptee et bien toleree par les patients et represente un espoir vraisemblable pour leur vie d’adultes.

Objectif La nephrectomie partielle laparoscopique (NPL) reste controversee chez les jeunes enfants en raison de taux eleve des complications et de conversion. Methodes Etude retrospective mono centrique entre 1997–2013. La technique a ete progressivement standardisee:1) position laterale, approche retroperitoneale 2) insertion retrograde de catheter ureteral dans le pole restant, injection de bleu de methylene au cours de la section du parenchyme 3) le pole restant est garde attache au peritoine. L’evaluation est effectuee par echographie Doppler renale +/_ scintigraphie au DMSA. Resultats 58 NPL (43 superieurs) ont ete effectuees a un âge median de 15mois [1–156], duree operatoire 140min [75–270], duree d’hospitalisation 2 jrs, suivi 23mois [6–109]. Une seule conversion (1,7%) (4 mois, 6eme cas). Un seul enfant (1,7%) a eu une perte du pole inferieure restant, (7 ans, 4eme cas). Deux enfants ont eu urinome dont un necessitant un drainage. 25 enfants ont ete operes a un âge Conclusions NPL reste une intervention a risque. Une technique standardisee et maitrisee peut reduire le taux des complications et de conversion. Le principal facteur limitant est la courbe d’apprentissage du chirurgien par rapport a l’âge du patient.

Objectif La technique de derivation urinaire continente extra-sereuse decrite par Ghoneim et Abu Elenein est une procedure reconnue pour obtenir un reservoir continent catheterisable. Nous avons evalue cette technique chez l’enfant. Methode Etude retrospective monocentrique (2002–013) des patients operes d’une Ileocystoplastie configuree en W associee a une reimplantation de l’appendice, +/- les ureteres, dans un trajet antireflux extra-sereux. Resultats 27 enfants ; 16 garcons, 11 filles, âge moyen 9 ans (1–15) ont ete inclus (16 extrophies vesicales, 2 extrophies cloacales, 5 vessies neurologiques et 4 autres). Ileocystoplastie (25), reservoir ileal (2), derivation par l’appendice (24), tube ileal (2). Avec un suivi moyen de 30 mois (6–133), 26 patients (96%) ont obtenu une continence, avec 3 a 5 catheterismes par jour. 3 patients (11%) ont eu des complications de la derivation: 2 fuites (un traite par Deflux et un repris chirurgicalement) et 1 stenose (dilatation). Lithiases dans le reservoir (2) et une acidose metabolique post-operatoire chez deux enfants. Conclusion Cette technique de derivation urinaire est efficace pour obtenir un agrandissement fiable avec une derivation continente. Comparativement a d’autres techniques, le taux de complication est relativement faible.

To determine the relationship between bacterial colonization of the amniotic fluid sampled by amniocentesis and premature rupture of the membranes.A prospective multicentric study conducted over a one year period in 6 maternity wards in the suburban area of Paris. Thirty-six women with premature rupture of the membranes were studied.There were 11 patients (30%) with contaminated fluid at the first amniocentesis. Twenty-five patients had sterile fluid. In 7 patients with prolonged rupture for more than one week, repeated amniocentesis. Twenty-five patients had sterile fluid. In 7 patients with prolonged rupture for more than one week, repeated amniocenteses were used to follow bacterial colonization. In one patient, Proteus mirabilis in the amniotic fluid was eradicated by adapted antibiotic therapy. In patients with sterile amniotic fluid, there was no secondary colonization. In the 11 cases with colonized liquid, the vaginal swab could only be considered as positive in 4 cases. Amniocentesis was able to discover 7 bacterial colonizations of the amniotic fluid in patients with an indeterminant vaginal swab. Likewise, C-reactive protein levels were raised only in 26% of the cases with a colonized amniotic fluid.