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Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T13:41:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Surface liming to correct soil acidity may have limited effectiveness in subsurface layers in no-till systems (NTS). The possibility of downward movement may be increased when liming is combined with fertilization with urea (ammoniacal N), as NO3– formed by nitrification of NH4+ can form ion pairs with exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+. Liming can also increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops and reduce dependence on soil N. In this work, we investigated the effects of surface application of lime under NTS and N topdressing on soil chemical properties and the nutrition, productivity, and NUE of maize (Zea mays L.) and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The treatments comprised four lime rates applied superficially (0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 kg ha–1), and absence (–N) or presence of N fertilization (+N) as urea by topdressing. The treatments were applied during two agricultural years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013), with maize in the first crop season and upland rice in the second crop season. At 18 mo after liming, the application of 6,000 kg lime ha–1 significantly improved the chemical attributes of the soil (pH, soil organic matter (SOM), K, Ca2+, Mg2+, and base saturation [BS]). The application of urea increased the mobility of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to greater depths. The combination of 3,000 kg lime ha–1 with N fertilization synergistically increased the nutrition (N, P, and S), grain yield, and N-related efficiency indexes in the maize and upland rice crops. College of Agricultural Sciences Dep. of Crop Science São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP), São Paulo Dep. of Agronomy São Paulo Western Univ., São Paulo College of Agricultural Sciences Dep. of Crop Science São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP), São Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Rhizobia and other plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been broadly used as inoculants in agriculture, resulting in morphofunctional improvements in roots and grain yield. This study was carried out during two cropping seasons under field and greenhouse conditions in Brazil to verify the effects of inoculation of two soybean cultivars with PGPR and secondary microbial metabolites (SMMs) on root activity and nodulation, plant development, and grain yield. Inoculation and co-inoculation treatments consisted of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain SEMIA 5079 and B. diazoefficiens strain SEMIA 5080 inoculated together, in combination with Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713, Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6, and SMMs extracted from B. diazoefficiens strain USDA 110 and Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 889. Root systems were evaluated by direct (optical reading) and indirect (rubidium nitrate application, 85RbNO3) methods. Increases of up to 1.6% in root diameter (0.01- to 0.5-mm class), 28.5% in length, 19.7% in root volume, 17.8% in root surface area, 29% in the number of nodules, 27.2% in nodule dry weight, 13.5% in root dry weight, and 3.8% in shoot dry weight. Greater exploration and activity within and between rows following inoculation at up to 40 and 10 cm in depth, respectively, were observed in plants co-inoculated with the standard inoculation (only Bradyrhizobium spp.) + SMMs + A. brasilense, resulting in a yield increase of 485 kg ha−1. The results emphasize the biotechnological potential of using secondary metabolites of rhizobia with inoculants containing rhizobia and PGPR to improve the growth and soybean yield in tropical conditions. Department of Crop Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural Sciences, Av. Universitária, 3780, Lageado Experimental Farm Department of Microbial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Soybean, Warta District Department of Crop Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural Sciences, Av. Universitária, 3780, Lageado Experimental Farm FAPESP: 2016/23699-8 FAPESP: 2018/14892-4

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) In tropical agroecosystems, intercropping crops and including perennial forages can increase crop system diversity and sustainability. However, adequate management of cash crops in crop rotation under no-till requires an understanding of the release of nutrients by surface mulch. This study evaluated the effects of two sowing times and nitrogen (N) management of palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf Marandu] and guinea grass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs Tanzania] on forage production, nutrient accumulation, and decomposition rates; soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yield; and soil chemical properties over three growing seasons. Palisade and guinea grasses were sown for intercropping with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the growing season or after sorghum silage harvest (hereafter succession) and subjected to N fertilization management (urea − 0 and 70 kg N ha−1 cut−1, totalling 210 kg N ha−1 per season) during the off-season. Nitrogen fertilization increased nutrient accumulation in surface mulch in all cropping systems. Regardless of cropping system, N rates, or growing season, palisade and guinea grass provided an adequate plant biomass production, soil cover throughout the year, soybean nutrient use efficiency, and soil quality. Soybean was positively influenced by N fertilization of grasses sown in succession to sorghum. Guinea grass had the greatest effect on soybean grain yield, with an improvement of 0.8 Mg ha−1. Sowing grasses in succession to sorghum positively affected soil pH, Ca, Mg, and base saturation. College of Agricultural Science Department of Crop Science UNESP College of Engineering Department of Soil Science UNESP School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding UNESP College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering UNESP College of Agronomic and Technological Sciences UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Crop Science UNESP College of Engineering Department of Soil Science UNESP School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding UNESP College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering UNESP College of Agronomic and Technological Sciences UNESP FAPESP: 2011/01057-0

Erosive processes are major environmental problems in soils and constitute a great conservation planning challenge. The knowledge of erodibility and soil loss tolerance, as well as their interactions with physical and chemical attributes of the soil may allow an important diagnostic for sustainable management. The aim of this study was to determine soil erodibility (K) and soil loss tolerance (T) for 32 kinds of soil in the Northwest Region of São Paulo State and assess the linear and spatial correlations between these factors and physical-chemical attributes. The evaluated attributes were: textural relationship (TR), particle density (PD), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macro porosity (MA), micro porosity (MI), water capacity storage (WCS), organic matter (OM) and soil pH (pH). The results showed that K factor ranged from 0.0094 to 0.0758 Mg/ ha MJ mm, while T values ranged from 3.09 to 14.79 Mg /ha year. The erodibility and loss tolerance present significant interaction with the soil physical and chemical attributes, especially with the WCS and the TR that showed the best regression adjustments. In geostatistical point of view, the erodibility and soil loss tolerance also showed considerable spatial correlations with most soil physical properties, especially interactions with the TP and the TR, allowing the best mappings using cokriging technique. Thus, simple and relatively low cost approach preliminary soil erodibility can be adopted for large areas without complexes surveys and in situ tests. As well as long term climate data series, a common situation in large areas in less developed countries.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-15 Fundação Agrisus Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The development of integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLSs) under no-tillage (NT) is of global interest for improving agroecosystem sustainability in tropical regions. In these crop systems, nitrogen (N) is the most essential nutrient. Nitrogen needs vary according to environmental conditions and crop rotation and are higher when crop succession is performed with grasses only. Intercropping maize with legumes is an interesting alternative to improve agricultural management and N cycling. To better understand N dynamics in ICLSs, in this study, two maize (Zea mays L.) silage production systems were developed: intercropping with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’, syn. Brachiaria brizantha) only or palisadegrass and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] (summer–autumn). In both intercropping systems, black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) was oversown and grazed by lambs (winter–spring). We assessed biomass production, N uptake, and fertilizer-N recovery due to the addition of 15N-labeled fertilizer in maize intercropped with palisadegrass and pigeon pea and the residual effect on black oat grazed by lambs during two growing seasons in a Typic Haplorthox in southeastern Brazil. The triple intercropped crops produced higher amounts of silage and pasture biomass and efficiently increased the use of N fertilizer by maize, thereby promoting greater 15N recovery. Palisadegrass and pigeon pea are a good option for cultivation in tropical regions, as this combination did not alter the measured levels of N in the intercropping systems but improved N dynamics, efficiency, balance, and N fertilizer distribution in the soil-plant system. This study provides a better understanding of N dynamics in the soil-plant system to support more efficient N fertilization in ICLS under NT. UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Crop Science USP Laboratory of Stable Isotopes Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture UNESP College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding UNESP College of Engineering Department of Soil Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science Department of Crop Science UNESP College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding UNESP College of Engineering Department of Soil Science FAPESP: #2013/13702-3 FAPESP: #2014/21772-4

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Intercropping upland rice with forage grasses is a potential strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture in the tropical region by increasing food production, land use per unit area, nitrogen (N) cycling, and profitability. However, little is known about the appropriate N management and N use efficiency of upland rice in these complex systems. Thus, our aim was to verify the feasibility of intercropping upland rice with tropical forage grasses combined with different N management applications at sowing and sidedressing. A field experiment was carried out in three growing seasons with three intercropping systems (monocropped upland rice, upland rice intercropped with palisade grass, and upland rice intercropped with guinea grass) combined with six N applications to upland rice [0-0 (control), 100-0, 80-20, 50-50, 20-80, and 0-100 kg N ha(-1) at sowingsidedressing]. Dry matter (DM) and accumulated N were measured in upland rice and forage grasses. In addition, components of rice yield production, industrial yield, production cost, land equivalent ratio, relative N yield, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity of upland rice with forage grasses, forage crude protein (CP) concentration, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production were determined. Despite competition between rice and forage grasses, intercropping systems had superior benefits in terms of production and land use per unit area, N cycling, and profitability compared with monoculture. Forage DM production, CP, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production increased when N fertilizer was applied at sidedressing to rice (20-80, 50-50 and 0-100 kg N ha(-1)). Rice intercropped with guinea grass produced a greater amount of biomass, indicating that this forage species may be more advantageous in tropical regions. Net profit, total aboveground biomass, total N content, land equivalent ratio, and relative N yield were greater in intercropping systems fertilized with N. UNESP, Dept Crop Sci, Coll Agr Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil NIOO KNAW, Dept Microbial Ecol, Netherlands Inst Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands Fed Univ Jatai, UFJ, Campus Riachuelo, Jatai, Go, Brazil UNESP, Dept Anim Nutr & Breeding, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil ARS, USDA, NCSU Campus, Raleigh, NC USA Agron Inst Campinas IAC, Soils & Environm Resources Ctr, IAC, Campinas, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Crop Sci, Coll Agr Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP, Dept Anim Nutr & Breeding, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:34:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832019000100500.pdf: 645817 bytes, checksum: 50ed34ce8e755515fc094465ed98d544 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Peanut (Arachis hypogea) is an important legume grain consumed by humans and utilized for effective nutrient cycling in a diverse cropping system. Areas that have been cultivated with perennial pasture for decades may have nutritional deficiencies and lack a sufficient population of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient that is part of the enzyme nitrogenase contained within symbiotic Bradyrhizobium bacteria, which are responsible for fixing nitrogen in legumes. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of application of Mo at different rates and a rhizobial inoculant on peanut growth characteristics. The experiment was conducted in the 2009/2010 growing season in a no-tillage cropping system following 20-year use as pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha)]. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The main plots were characterized by peanut inoculation with Bradyrhizobium inoculant or without, and the split plots were characterized by different rates of molybdenum (0, 50, 100, and 200 g ha(-1)) applied to leaves in the form of ammonium molybdate. The nutritional status of plants, nodulation (number of nodules and nodule dry matter per plant), nitrogenase activity, and nitrogenase specific activity were evaluated at 45 and 64 days after emergence (DAE). The yield components and kernel yield were evaluated at the end of the growing season. Nitrogenase enzyme activity at 64 DAE approximately doubled, and the number of pods per plant was greater with inoculation than without, both of which led to greater yields of pods and kernels. In long-term pasture areas, inoculation and molybdenum fertilization greater than the currently recommended rate appear to be necessary to increase pod and kernel yield per hectare of peanut when managed under no-tillage. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Prod Melhoramento Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Lab Biol Celular & Mol, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil North Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC USA Univ Fed Goias, Unidade Acad Especial Ciencias Agr, Jatal, Go, Brazil Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, Embrapa Monitoramento Satelite, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Ciencia Solo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Prod Melhoramento Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dept Ciencia Solo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-24 Fundação Agrisus Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In the context of sustainable tropical agriculture, an innovative corn (Zea mays L.) to silage-grass-legume intercropping system can promotes plant diversity, improves agronomic performance and land-use efficiency, and increases the yield of oversown black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to silage in succession. Thus, during three growing seasons on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, four treatments of a corn to silage production system were implemented in summer/autumn with black oat oversown in winter/spring: (1) corn intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha “Marandu”) and black oat overseeded in lines; (2) corn intercropped with palisade grass and black oat overseeded in a broadcast system with superficial incorporation; (3) corn intercropped with palisade grass + pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and black oat overseeded in lines; and (4) corn intercropped with palisade grass + pigeon pea and black oat overseeded in a broadcast system with superficial incorporation. During winter/spring, the black oat pastures were grazed by lambs, but results on forage allowance and nutritive value for animal grazing and on animal performance are not reported in the present manuscript. In the fourth growing season, the effect of soybean to silage intercropped with guinea grass (Panicum maximum “Aruana”), with only a residual effect of the four production systems from the previous three growing seasons, was evaluated. Despite greater interspecific competition of palisade grass and pigeon pea intercropped with corn, this more complex system produced better results. Thus, when analyzing this system as a whole, the triple intercrop (corn + pigeon pea + palisade grass) combined with oversown black oat in lines was the most effective option for silage production and for the improvement of other elements of system productivity, such higher surface mulch quantity, leaf nutrient concentrations, and yield of soybean to silage intercropped with guinea grass. This intercrop also generated better nutrient cycling because an increased quantity of nutrients was retained in standing plant residue and surface mulch, which resulted in better land- and nutrient-use efficiency, with an emphasis on nitrogen and potassium. Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Soil Science College of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biostatistics Plant Biology Parasitology and Zoology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Soil Science College of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biostatistics Plant Biology Parasitology and Zoology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Fundação Agrisus: 1378/14 Fundação Agrisus: 1387/14 FAPESP: 2013/13702-3 FAPESP: 2013/23853-9 FAPESP: 2014/12950-6 FAPESP: 2014/14935-4 FAPESP: 2014/21772-4 FAPESP: 2015/25413-1 FAPESP: 2015/25718-7 FAPESP: 2017/05044-7 CNPq: 458225/2014-2

Dentre os parâmetros de qualidade da água pode-se destacar o Bário, o Crômio Total e o Vanádio, devido aos possíveis efeitos nocivos à saúde humana. Dados da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo têm apontado poços no Sistema Aquífero Bauru (SAB) com concentrações desses elementos acima dos Valores Máximos Permitidos (VMP). Deste modo, objetivou-se caracterizar a variabilidade espacial e temporal das águas impróprias para o consumo humano no SAB em função das concentrações de Bário, Crômio Total e Vanádio. Utilizou-se dados de análises trienais de qualidade de água subterrânea, considerando 74 (em 2013), 82 (em 2014) e 88 (em 2015) poços de monitoramento. Foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva e avaliada a dependência espacial por meio do variograma experimental. Posteriormente, realizou-se a integração dos mapas de krigagem por meio de simples operação de álgebra de mapas. A análise descritiva indicou que todos os parâmetros/períodos estudados apresentaram ocorrências de valores acima do VMP. As situações mais críticas foram para o Crômio Total que apresentou de 11-16 poços com valores acima de 50 μg L-1 e para o Vanádio que apresentou entre 4-7 poços com valores acima de 50 μg L-1. Foi observada a dependência espacial para todos os parâmetros estudados, cujos variogramas apontaram R2 entre 0,707 a 0,966 e coeficiente de correlação (r) da validação cruzada variando entre 0,606 e 0,902, indicando apreciáveis mapas de krigagem. Os alcances variaram entre 52,6-79,5 km (Bário), 81,0-120,3 km (Crômio Total), e 44,6-55,7 km (Vanádio). A área de maior atenção fica na região de Presidente Prudente, com estimativas acima do VMP combinados para o Crômio Total e Vanádio. Tais resultados merecem atenção das autoridades públicas, principalmente pelo fato da existência de poços particulares nessas áreas.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:48:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) In tropical regions, one of the primary difficulties in the sustainability of no-till systems is the maintenance of soil cover throughout the year. Intercropping corn (Zea mays L.) with tropical perennial grasses is an innovative approach to overcome this difficulty. However, the use of sidedress nitrogen (N) fertilization in this intercropping system remains incompletely studied. The effects of using sidedress N application rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha−1 N) on monocropped corn or corn intercropped with palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’] or guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximum (Jacq.) R. Webster ‘Mombaça’] with respect to leaf nutrient concentration, agronomic characteristics, revenue and land use efficiency were investigated over three growing seasons in the Brazilian Cerrado region on a clay soil, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Haplorthox. In general, the intercropping systems of corn with palisade or guineagrass did not cause reductions in the leaf nutrient concentration, agronomic characteristics, kernels attributes, shoot dry matter and corn yield compared to that observed in the monocropped system. High sidedress N application rates promoted higher concentrations of nutrients in leaves (primarily N and P), corn yield, forage production and crude protein concentration in the off-season. Corn monocropped or intercropped with palisadegrass and guineagrass using 113, 156 and 187 kg ha−1 N resulted in the highest corn yields (9.2, 8.8 and 9.7 Mg ha−1, respectively). In addition, using these N application rates, corn intercropped with palisadegrass and guineagrass and subsequent meat production estimated on pastures resulted in the highest net profits (US$ 1196 and 1093 ha−1, respectively), whereas monocropped corn without N addition resulted in the lowest net profits (US$ 304 ha−1). Thus, forage produced during the off-season can be used for animal grazing or fodder during the dry season, increasing revenue. Corn intercropped with palisade grass with the addition of 200 kg ha−1 N resulted in a higher land equivalent ratio and relative N yield (1.21 and 123%, respectively). In summary, sidedress N fertilization in intercropped systems can increase crop and forage yields and revenue, improving land-use efficiency in tropical agriculture. São Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science UNESP Corn and Sorghum Research Center Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) USDA – Agricultural Research Service, 3218 Williams Hall, NCSU Campus, Box 7619 Soils and Environmental Resources Center Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science UNESP College of Agricultural Science UNESP FAPESP: 2003/01968-7 FAPESP: 2003/09914-3

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Liming is widely used to decrease soil acidity, and the application of lime alone or in combination with other amendments, such as gypsum, is a viable agricultural practice to improve soil nutrient status and crop yield. However, the effects of applying lime and gypsum alone or in combination on the microbial population and N cycle in intercropped no-till tropical systems are largely unknown. Here, we determined the lasting effects of applying lime and gypsum individually or in combination on soil chemical properties, N uptake by intercropped plants, maize yield, archaeal and bacterial abundances, and N cycle genes in the maize and ruzigrass rhizospheres in a long-term field experiment in tropical soil with a no-till maize and forage ruzigrass intercropping system. Our results showed that the application of lime or lime + gypsum increased soil fertility and the gene abundances of microorganisms responsible for biological nitrogen fixation and reduced gene abundances of nitrification and denitrification in the soil and rhizosphere of ruzigrass and maize. The accompanying increases in Ca2+ and Mg2+ availability, reduced Al3+ levels, and balance of micronutrient availability, mainly Mn, in the soil strongly influenced the responses of N cycle genes and enhanced plant N-acquisition and maize yield. College of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW Department of Microbial Ecology Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP) Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) University of São Paulo (USP) Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Utrecht University Institute of Environmental Biology Ecology and Biodiversity, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH College of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science FAPESP: 2018/11063-7 FAPESP: 2019/12764-1

Diversos fatores podem influenciar o desenvolvimento e a produção da cultura da soja, podendo-se destacar principalmente a deficiência nutricional e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar os teores foliares nutricionais, os componentes da produção e a produtividade de sementes de soja, além da qualidade fisiológica das sementes em função da adubação foliar com Boro (B) e Zinco (Zn). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação foliar, de diferentes dosagens de B e Zn combinadas ou não na cultura da soja. Constatou-se que as diferentes combinações e dosagens de B e Zn, aplicados via foliar na cultura da soja não melhoraram os teores foliares nutricionais, os componentes da produção e produtividade de sementes da soja, assim como a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.

O conhecimento da variabilidade dos atributos químicos do solo é de suma importância para um manejo eficiente com vistas ao melhor desempenho produtivo das culturas. A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a variabilidade e as correlações lineares e espaciais entre os atributos da produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno com atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico sob sistema de plantio direto, na região do Cerrado sul-mato-grossense. Para tanto instalou-se uma rede amostral para a coleta de dados do solo e da planta, com 124 pontos, em uma área de 4.000 m2. Os atributos do solo foram: teor de fósforo (P), matéria orgânica (MO), e o pH (pH), determinados nas profundidades de 0 - 0,10 m e 0,10 - 0,20 m. Avaliou-se as correlações simples e múltiplas entre os atributos das plantas com os atributos do solo e posteriormente foi realizada a análise de dependência e correlação espacial. A produtividade de feijão apresentou correlação linear direta com a matéria orgânica (0,10 - 0,20 m), e com o pH do solo (na camada de 0 - 0,10 m). Espacialmente, com exceção da MO e do pH na camada de 0 - 0,10 m, os demais atributos apresentaram dependência espacial. Do ponto de vista prático do manejo de solo, o pH (0,10 - 0,20 m) destacou-se como um apreciável indicador da qualidade química, evidenciando áreas específicas de manejo diretamente correlacionada com a produtividade do feijoeiro.

O uso intensivo de gramineas em areas de implantacao de sistemas consorciados de producao agricola sob sistema plantio direto (SPD), pode promover uma imobilizacao temporaria do nitrogenio (N) no solo. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da adubacao nitrogenada (70 kg N ha -1 ), em dose unica na semeadura ou em cobertura sobre a nutricao, os componentes da producao e a produtividade de graos do feijoeiro de inverno em sucessao ao consorcio das culturas do milho e capim-xaraes, sob diferentes palhadas de plantas de cobertura em condicoes irrigadas no Cerrado. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, em esquema fatorial 4x2x2. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por 4 especies de plantas forrageiras (aveia preta cv. IAPAR 61, sorgo forrageiro cv. Volumax, milheto e capim-tanzânia) semeadas em 2 epocas (junho e julho), visando a formacao de palhada para o cultivo das culturas do milho e capim-xaraes em consorcio, alem de 2 epocas de adubacao nitrogenada na cultura do feijao de inverno em sucessao. As especies antecessoras ao cultivo do milho em consorcio com o capim-xaraes, nao alteraram a nutricao, os componentes da producao e produtividade de graos do feijoeiro de inverno em sucessao. Em areas de solo argiloso, com caracteristicas de implantacao do SPD (primeiros 3 anos), a adubacao nitrogenada com toda a dose em semeadura aumentou a produtividade de graos de feijao de inverno em condicoes de Cerrado de baixa altitude.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:08:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Agricultural management systems are needed to simultaneously enhance production, promote plant diversity, improve nutrient cycling and reduce soil compaction. We investigated the effects of intercropped forage grass on production of corn (Zea mays L.) harvested for silage at 0.20 and 0.45 m height in the summer, as well as on production of subsequent forage, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] harvested for silage, nutrient cycling and soil responses on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Palisade grass cv. BRS Piatã [Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã] was the introduced companion crop with corn (Years 1 and 2), while signal grass [Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk] was the residual weedy species in comparison. Guineagrass cv. Aruãna [Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruãna] was the introduced companion crop with soybean (Year 3), with only a residual effect of crop systems from the previous two years. After the corn silage harvest, pasture was grazed by lambs in winter/spring using a semi-feedlot system. When cut at 0.45 m compared with 0.20 m height, corn intercropped with palisade grass had greater leaf nutrient concentration, improved agronomic characteristics, forage mass of pasture for grazing by lambs, greater surface mulch produced, and greater quantity of N, P and K returned to soil. Greater soil organic matter, P, K and Mg concentration, and base saturation in the surface soil depth and lower soil penetration resistance at all depths occurred at 0.45 m than at 0.20 m corn silage cutting height intercropped with palisade grass. Analyzing the system as a whole, harvesting corn silage crop with palisade grass intercrop at 0.45 m height was the most viable option in this integrated crop-livestock system. Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science UNESP Department of Soil Science College of Engineering UNESP Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences UNESP North Carolina State University USDA–ARS, 3218 Williams Hall, Campus Box 7619 Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Crop Science College of Agricultural Science UNESP Department of Soil Science College of Engineering UNESP Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences UNESP FAPESP: 2010/12992-0 FAPESP: 2011/12155-3

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:30:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2017000100063.pdf: 412203 bytes, checksum: 77f09ceb4486066410323268f58a5e07 (MD5) The objective of this work was to compare the yield and nutritive value of the silage of corn intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu') or guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus 'Tanzânia') with those of the silage of monocropped corn, as well as to evaluate the pasture established in the intercropping systems during two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012), in low-altitude Brazilian Cerrado. The treatments consisted of three cropping systems: monocropped corn, corn intercropped with palisade grass, and corn intercropped with guinea grass, with four replicates. Intercropping decreased corn forage dry matter yield for silage; however, due to the addition of grass, total dry matter yield (corn + grass) was similar between treatments. Intercropping also did not negatively affect corn production components and morphological characteristics. The cropping systems provided silages with good nutritive values, and the inclusion of tropical forages increased the silage fiber contents. Intercropping corn with tropical perennial grasses is a viable option for producing large quantities of silage with good nutritive value. The forage yield (silage + pasture) of these intercropping systems is similar to that of monocropped corn in tropical regions and has the advantage of providing a pasture in the off-season. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal Fazenda Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, no 1.780 Unesp Faculdade de Engenharia Departamento de Fitossanidade Engenharia Rural e Solos, Avenida Brasil, no 56, Centro Unesp Faculdade de Engenharia Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Avenida Brasil, no 56, Centro Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Produção Animal, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rodovia Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros,Bairrodas Antas Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal Fazenda Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, no 1.780 Unesp Faculdade de Engenharia Departamento de Fitossanidade Engenharia Rural e Solos, Avenida Brasil, no 56, Centro Unesp Faculdade de Engenharia Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Avenida Brasil, no 56, Centro Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Produção Animal, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rodovia Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros,Bairrodas Antas

A busca por alternativas ao pasto na pecuária tem focado em opções que permitam o uso maximizado do solo sem o esgotamento das qualidades químicas e físicas. O Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária (SIPA) tem chamado a atenção dos produtores por ser econômica como ecologicamente viável. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a influência de espaçamentos de semeadura do milho (0,45 e 0,90 m) em consórcios com forrageiras (capim Xaraés ou capim Tanzânia) na qualidade da silagem de milho de grãos úmidos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um fatorial 2 x 2 com oito repetições, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia; e milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia. A porcentagem de matéria seca e os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose, cinzas, carboidratos solúveis e poder tampão foram determinados tanto no material antes da ensilagem como na silagem. Os teores de extrato etéreo, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido e neutro, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram determinados apenas na silagem. Todas as modalidade de consórcio estudado (forrageiras e espaçamentos) foram viáveis em proporcionar silagem de grãos úmidos de boa qualidade, embora o consórcio com capim Tanzânia em espaçamento de 0,90 m proporciou maior teor de extrato etéreo, menor teor de lignina e maior digestibilidade.

Agricultural management systems are needed to simultaneously enhance production, and improve soil quality. We investigated the effects of intercropped grass on production of corn (Zea mays L.) harvested for silage at 0.20 and 0.45 m height in the summer, as well as on production of subsequent forage, silage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and soil responses on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. Webster ‘Marandu’] was the introduced companion crop with corn (Years 1 and 2), while signal grass [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster ‘Basilisk’] was the residual weedy species in comparison. Guinea grass [Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. Webster ‘Aruana’] was the introduced companion crop with soybean (Year 3), with only a residual effect of crop systems from the previous 2 yr. When cut at 0.45 m compared with 0.20 m height, corn intercropped with palisade grass had greater leaf nutrient concentrations, agronomic characteristics, forage mass of pasture for grazing by lambs (Ovis aries), greater surface mulch produced, and greater quantity of N, P, and K returned to soil. Greater soil organic matter, P, K, and Mg concentration, and base saturation in the surface soil depth and lower soil penetration resistance at all depths occurred at 0.45 m than at 0.20 m corn silage cutting height intercropped with palisade grass. Analyzing the system as a whole, harvesting corn silage crop with palisade grass intercrop at 0.45 m height was the most viable option in this integrated crop–livestock system (ICLS).

Agricultural productivity depends primarily on the productive capacity of soils. Thus, practices of chemical suitability of the soil aim to changes in their characteristics to provide better conditions for the development of cultures. The present study aimed to evaluate the linear and spatial correlations between the attributes of plant productivity with soil pH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the linear and spatial correlations between the attributes of the plant with soil. In Farm Valencia-I, Suzanapolis-SP, Brazil, a geostatistical grid with 118 sampling points has been installed in an area of 10.5 ha. The attributes of sugarcane analyzed was: productivity of tons of stems per hectare (TSH), plant population (PP) and total recoverable sugars (TRS); and as soil chemical properties: pH (pH) and Delta pH (DpH) at different depths (0-0.20; 0.20-0.40; 0.80-1.00 m). The results indicate that the linear correlation between the attributes of the soil with the plant is significant. The best correlation is between TRS with the pH in the depth of 0.80-1.00 m. Spatially, there is a significant interaction between productivity with the pH of the soil at a depth of 0.20-0.40 m. The DpH depth of 0.80-1.00 m also correlates with the TRS, which allows inferring that best chemical quality in the deepest layer provides better technological quality of industrializable product. The soil study in the deeper layers (0.20-0.40 m and 0.80-1.00 m) indicates interaction (linear and spatial) both productivity and with the technological attribute of sugarcane, presenting as target satisfactory of soil chemical suitability.

Técnicas adequadas de manejo do solo são fundamentais para manter o solo saudável e sem degradação. Quando isso, não é possível, esse solo deve ser recuperado, levando em conta os atributos do solo e o seu poder de regeneração, com isso, várias técnicas estão sendo utilizadas. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um programa interativo (analisar e classificar) com a utilização das Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) para estimar os níveis de recuperação do solo (recuperado (R), parcialmente recuperado (PR) e não recuperado (NR) em função dos atributos físicos. O experimento foi realizado na Agência Paulista de Tecnologias dos Agronegócios – APTA do Extremo Oeste, em Andradina/SP no período de 2015 a 2017, em solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo cultivado com pastagem de Urochloa, com diferentes formas de introdução de Estilosantes cv. Campo Grande. Os atributos do solo estudados foram: densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, resistência mecânica a penetração, infiltração de água no solo e diâmetro médio ponderado, nas camadas do solo: 0-10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. O programa foi desenvolvido no ambiente MATLAB e a simulação foi realizada por meio de uma interface gráfica. A RNA que foi utilizada neste trabalho foi a Perceptron multicamadas (MLP). Verificou-se que a rede alcançou um treinamento adequado, com erro quadrado médio baixo, podendo gerar uma alternativa interessante e automática para a classificação e análise de solos em recuperação. Os resultados foram imprimidos em uma interface gráfica autoexplicativa, com gráficos e metadados dos índices físicos e suas classificações quanto à RNA.

Com o grande destaque dado para as mudanças climáticas nas últimas décadas, a busca por sistemas de cultivo sustentáveis e equilibrados tem crescido junto com a busca pela conservação do solo e redução do uso de insumos agrícolas inorgânicos. À vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência de diferentes culturas consorciadas e em sucessão nos atributos físico-químicos de um Latossolo argiloso em condições de Cerrado. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 e com quatro repetições: semeadura de milho em espaçamento de 0,45 m ou 0,90 m, consorciado com capim-xaraés ou capim-tanzânia, seguido da manutenção da pastagem das forrageiras na área adubadas ou não com 250 kg/ha de N (parcelados em 5 aplicações), e sucedido por soja. Foram determinados os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, resistência mecânica à penetração, umidade gravimétrica e estoque de carbono do solo em quatro épocas: antes da instalação dos consórcios, após a colheita do milho, após a dessecação das pastagens e após a colheita da soja. As parcelas com maior produtividade de matéria seca foram as que resultaram em aumento no teor de matéria orgânica e estoque de carbono do solo e maior ciclagem de nutrientes das camadas mais profundas. Não houve influência do espaçamento do milho nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O uso de diferentes espécies simultaneamente na área resulta em redução na resistência mecânica a penetração e aumento da porosidade do solo pelo crescimento diferenciado das raízes.

Em sistemas de produção como a integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) em sistema plantio direto (SPD) têm sido observadas melhorias nos atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar as alterações nos atributos químicos e físicos do solo e o acúmulo de carbono (C) num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico argiloso utilizado em sistema de ILP em SPD com irrigação, no Cerrado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, e as parcelas experimentais foram compostas pelas culturas do milho e do sorgo forrageiro cultivadas exclusivamente ou consorciadas com as espécies forrageiras Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés e Megathyrsus maximum cv. Tanzânia para ensilagem; pelas espécies forrageiras no período de entressafra; e pela cultura da soja em sucessão. Foram realizadas durante a condução dos experimentos, além da análise com a caracterização inicial do solo, cinco avaliações (épocas) dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo ao final de cada ciclo produtivo durante os anos agrícolas 2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2012/2013. Os sistemas de produção na ILP em SPD, mesmo com alta exportação de nutrientes e tráfego de máquinas, foram eficientes para manutenção e melhoria da fertilidade e dos estoques de C do solo. Ao longo de três anos, os sistemas de ILP promoveram redução da compactação do solo pelo efeito positivo de incremento da macroporosidade e porosidade total e diminuição da resistência mecânica à penetração e densidade do solo, nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. In production systems such as the integrated crop-livestock system (ICL) under no-tillage, improvements have been observed in chemical, physical, and biological soil properties. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the changes in chemical and physical soil properties, as well as carbon (C) accumulation, in an Oxisol under irrigated conditions in the Cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) in an ICL system under no-tillage. The experiment was carried during the growing of 2010/2011, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used. Treatments were arranged in split plots in time, and the experimental plots were composed of the following: maize and forage sorghum grown separately or intercropped with the forages Urochloa brizantha var. Xaraés and Megathyrsus maximum var. Tanzânia for ensiling; forage species in the between-harvest period; and the soybean crop in succession. In addition to the initial characterization, five evaluations (seasons) of the soil chemical and physical properties at the end of each production cycle were performed while carrying out the experiment. Production in the ICL system under no-tillage, even with high nutrient export and machine traffic, were efficient in maintaining and even improving soil fertility and soil C stocks. Over a three-year period, the ICL led to reduction in soil compaction through the positive effect of increased macroporosity and total porosity and decreased resistance to penetration and bulk density, in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T13:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-22T09:53:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000356611400020.pdf: 228789 bytes, checksum: 88d1da409c8fb76a7aa6b30dcb207913 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Com o intuito de identificar o potencial produtivo das espécies forrageiras Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. e Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés em função de épocas de semeadura, bem como, a posterior formação de palhada para continuidade do sistema plantio direto, avaliou-se a produtividade de massa seca, a relação C/N e lignina/N total, o acúmulo de nutrientes e a decomposição da palhada em duas safras agrícolas. O experimento foi realizado em Selvíria - MS (20°18’S e 51°22’W, com altitude de 370 m), num LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3, com três espécies de plantas forrageiras: sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) e o capim xaraés (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés) e três épocas de semeadura (1ª época - 14/09/09 (E1), 2ª época - 29/09/09 (E2) e 3ª época - 14/10/09 (E3), manejadas aos 45 dias após emergência - DAE), com 4 repetições. Para o segundo ano agrícola (2010/2011), utilizaram-se as mesmas espécies forrageiras e delineamento experimental, com as seguintes épocas de semeadura: 1ª época - 10/09/10 (E1), 2ª época - 27/09/10 (E2) e 3ª época - 20/10/10 (E3), respectivamente. As maiores produtividades de massa seca e acúmulos de nutrientes foram obtidos pela cultura do sorgo forrageiro nas três épocas de semeadura. A cultura do sorgo forrageiro apresentou os maiores valores da relação C/N e lignina/N total, principalmente nas 2ª e 3ª épocas, nos dois anos agrícolas, proporcionando menor degradação da palhada em comparação ao milheto e ao capim xaraés. A decomposição da palhada foi mais lenta para o sorgo forrageiro e o milheto. Independentemente da espécie forrageira e da época de semeadura, a deposição inicial de massa seca das forrageiras foram adequadas para utilização destas espécies no sistema plantio direto, nas condições climáticas de cerrado de baixa altitude. In order to identify the productive potential of the forages Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br and Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes due to sowing times, as well as the subsequent formation of straw for no tillage system continuity, evaluated the dry mass production, the relation of C/N and lignin/N total, the nutrients accumulation and straw decomposition in two agricultural seasons. The experiment was conducted in Selvfria - MS (20 degrees 18'S and 51 degrees 22'W, with an altitude of 370 m), in a Dark Red Dystrophic Latosol. A randomized block design was adopted in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme consisting of three species of forage plants: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) and grass xaraes (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes) and three sowing times (1st season - 09.14.09 (E1), 2nd season - 09.29.09 (E2) and 3rd season - 10.14.09 (E3), managed 45 days after emergence - DAE), with 4 replications. For the second growing season (2010/2011), was used the same forages species and experimental design, with the following sowing times: 1st season - 09.10.10 (E1), 2nd season - 09.27.10 (E2) and 3rd season - 10.20.10 (E3), respectively. The highest yield dry mass and nutrient accumulation were obtained by the forage sorghum culture in the three sowing times. The forage sorghum culture presented the highest values of C/N and lignin/N total, mainly in the 2nd and 3rd seasons, in both years, providing less straw degradation compared to pearl millet and xaraes grass. The straw decomposition was slower for the forage sorghum and pearl millet. Regardless of forage species and sowing time, the initial dry mass deposition of forage species were suitable for these species in the no tillage system, in climatic conditions of of low altitude cerrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira FAPESP: 09/11204-3

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization doses with and without inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense in fall corn intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés over the nutrition, the production and yield components of the corn crop, and the dry matter yield and crude protein levels of xaraés grass under irrigation in the Cerrado region. The experiment had a completely randomized block design with four replications in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted in inoculating or not the corn seeds with A. brasilense and five N doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 N). The inoculation of corn seeds with A. brasilense in intercropping with xaraés grass in the fall season increases nutrition, height growth of plants and corn production components, however, without effect on grain yield. Corn plants from seeds inoculated with A. brasilense lead to a lower production of dry mass of xaraés grass in intercropping. Nitrogen fertilization in the cover layer linearly increases the crude protein content of the xaraés grass up to the dose of 120 kg ha-1 N. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Departamento de Fitossanidade Engenharia Rural e Solos, Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Rua Doutor José Barbosa de Barros, 1780 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, s/n Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Departamento de Fitossanidade Engenharia Rural e Solos, Avenida Brasil, 56, Centro Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Rua Doutor José Barbosa de Barros, 1780

Knowledge of the interactions between soil physical properties and yield performance in agricultural crops is very important for the adoption of appropriate management practices. This study aimed to evaluate the linear and spatial correlations between some soil physical attributes, straw production in the palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha), and grain yield of winter common bean in succession to the grass under an irrigated no-till system in an Oxisol Haplorthox in the Cerrado lowlands region of Brazil. The plant attributes determined were dry matter yield of U. brizantha (DMY), and grain yield (GY) and final plant population (PP) of winter common bean. The soil physical attributes, evaluated at 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m, were soil bulk density (BD), macroporosity (MA), microporosity (MI), total porosity (TP), penetration resistance (PR), gravimetric water content (GW), and volumetric water content (VW). A geostatistical grid with 124 sampling points was installed to collect the soil and plant data in an area of 4000 m2. The remaining straw amount of palisade grass exhibited an inverse linear correlation with bean yield and bean plant population when the bean was cultivated in succession. However, no spatial correlations were observed among the attributes. The common bean yield had a direct linear correlation with gravimetric water content in the 0.10-0.20 m soil layer. From a spatial point of view, winter bean yield showed a strong dependence on the distribution of the volumetric water content in the 0-0.10 m soil layer. O conhecimento das interações entre os atributos físicos do solo e o desempenho produtivo das culturas agrícolas é de suma importância para a adoção de práticas de manejo adequadas. Deste modo, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar as correlações lineares e espaciais entre alguns atributos físicos do solo com a produção de palhada do capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha) e a produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro de inverno cultivado em sucessão ao capim sob sistema plantio direto na região de Cerrado de baixa altitude, em condições irrigadas em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Os atributos das plantas foram: a produtividade de matéria seca (PMS) para a Urochloa brizantha, e para o feijoeiro a produtividade de grãos (PRO) e a população de plantas (PP). Os atributos físicos do solo avaliados nas camadas de 0,0–0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade foram: a densidade do solo (DS), macroporosidade (MA), microporosidade (MI), porosidade total (PT), resistência à penetração (RP), umidade gravimétrica (UG) e umidade volumétrica (UV). Para coleta dos dados foi instalada uma rede amostral contendo 124 pontos, em uma área de 4000 m2. A palhada remanescente do capim-marandu apresentou correlação linear inversa com os atributos do feijoeiro de inverno (população de plantas e a produtividade de grãos). Entretanto, sem correlação espacial sobre tais atributos. A produtividade de feijão teve correlação linear direta com a umidade gravimétrica do solo na camada de 0,10-0,20 m. Do ponto de vista espacial, a produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno apresentou forte dependência com a distribuição da umidade volumétrica na camada de 0-0,10m.

Corn is a nitrogen-intensive crop, and the use of management practices such as inoculation of the seed with diazotrophic bacteria, which can maximize crop productivity and reduce the need of nitrogen fertilizers, may result in lower production costs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of corn seed with Azospirillum brasilense and controlled addition of nitrogen to topdressing on the nutrition, production components, and productivity of crop grain. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of inoculation or not of corn seed with A. brasilense (at 100 mL per 25 kg of seed) and five nitrogen (N) levels in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1 from urea [45% N]) were applied when the corn was in the phenological growth stage V6. Foliar macronutrients, foliar chlorophyll index (FCI), production components, and yield of corn grain were valuated. Inoculation of corn seeds with A. brasilense increased plant height and grain yield. Fertilization in topdressing, with N levels up to 120 kg ha-1, linearly increased the foliar nutrients and productivity of corn cultivated in the spring/summer in the low-altitude Cerrado region of Brazil. RESUMO: O milho é uma cultura exigente em nitrogênio e a utilização de práticas de manejo como a inoculação das sementes com bactérias diazotróficas, poderão maximizar a produtividade da cultura, atrelados a redução do uso de adubos nitrogenados, podendo refletir em menor custo de produção. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da inoculação de sementes de milho com Azospirillum brasilense e adição controlada de nitrogênio em cobertura sobre a nutrição, componentes da produção e produtividade de grãos da cultura. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela inoculação ou não das sementes do milho com A. brasilense (dose de 100 mL para 25 kg de sementes) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (N) em cobertura (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg N ha-1 fonte ureia [45% N]) foram aplicadas quando o milho estava no estádio fenológico V6. Teores de macronutrientes foliares, o índice de clorofila foliar (FCI), os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos do milho foram avaliados. Constatou-se que a inoculação das sementes de milho com A. brasilense incrementou a altura de plantas e a produtividade de grãos. A adubação em cobertura, com a dose de até 120 kg N ha-1, aumentou linearmente os teores nutricionais foliares e a produtividade de grãos do milho irrigado cultivado na primavera/verão na região de Cerrado de baixa altitude do Brasil.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf: 930800 bytes, checksum: 9e92cc99f37ddfa5d9553dd9cac29420 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf: 930800 bytes, checksum: 9e92cc99f37ddfa5d9553dd9cac29420 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf: 930800 bytes, checksum: 9e92cc99f37ddfa5d9553dd9cac29420 (MD5) S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf.txt: 47467 bytes, checksum: 16586c4494ea6e688177093f084cc327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf: 930800 bytes, checksum: 9e92cc99f37ddfa5d9553dd9cac29420 (MD5) S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf.txt: 47467 bytes, checksum: 16586c4494ea6e688177093f084cc327 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf: 930800 bytes, checksum: 9e92cc99f37ddfa5d9553dd9cac29420 (MD5) S0100-204X2012000800003.pdf.txt: 47467 bytes, checksum: 16586c4494ea6e688177093f084cc327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de grãos e de forragem do consórcio entre milho e espécies de braquiária (safras de 2008/2009 e 2009/2010), submetidos a doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, em sistema plantio direto. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 2x5, com duas espécies de braquiária (Urochloa brizantha 'Xaraés' e U. ruziziensis) e cinco doses de N aplicadas em cobertura: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha‑1. Foram avaliados: leituras indiretas do teor foliar de clorofila (índice de clorofila Falker, ICF), teores de macronutrientes foliares, componentes da produção e produtividade de grãos do milho, e produtividade de matéria seca das forrageiras após o consórcio. Constatou-se que a espécie U. ruziziensis foi a mais competitiva com o milho em consórcio, o que proporcionou menores teores nutricionais e ICF nas duas safras analisadas. O crescimento vegetativo, os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos do milho não foram influenciados pelos consórcios. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura aumenta linearmente o ICF, os teores de N, P e S, bem como os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos. The objective of this work was to evaluate grain and forage yield of the intercropping of corn with Brachiaria species (2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crop seasons), subjected to nitrogen topdressing rates in a no tillage system. A completely randomized block design was used, with four replicates, in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two Brachiaria species (Urochloa brizantha 'Xaraés' and U. ruziziensis) and five N topdressing rates: 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha‑1. The following were evaluated: indirect readings of leaf-chlorophyll content (Falker chlorophyll index, ICF), macronutrient content in leaves, yield components and grain yield of corn, and forage dry mass yield after intercropping. It was observed that the species U. ruziziensis was more competitive with corn in intercropping, providing lower nutritional content and ICF in both evaluated seasons. Vegetative growth, yield components, and grain yield of corn were not affected by the intercrops. Nitrogen topdressing fertilization linearly increases the ICF, leaf contents of N, P and S, as well as the yield components and grain yield. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Engenharia Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Engenharia Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia