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We prove two-weight norm inequalities for parabolic fractional maximal functions using parabolic Muckenhoupt weights. In particular, we prove a two-weight, weak-type estimate and Fefferman-Stein type inequalities for the centered parabolic maximal function. We also prove that a parabolic Sawyer-type condition implies the strong-type estimate for the parabolic fractional maximal function. Finally, we prove the strong-type estimate for the centered parabolic maximal function assuming a stronger parabolic Muckenhoupt bump condition., Comment: 20 pages

We introduce a parabolic version of the so-called John-Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of parabolic bounded mean oscillation. Parabolic John-Nirenberg inequalities, which give weak type estimates for the oscillation of a function, are shown in the setting of the parabolic geometry with a time lag. Our arguments are based on a parabolic Calder\'{o}n-Zygmund decomposition and a good lambda estimate. Chaining arguments are applied to change the time lag in the parabolic John-Nirenberg inequality., Comment: 17 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2202.06321, arXiv:2306.07600

This paper discusses parabolic reverse H\"older inequalities and their connections to parabolic Muckenhoupt weights. The main result gives several characterizations for this class of weights. There are challenging features related to the parabolic geometry and the time lag, for example, in covering and chaining arguments. We also prove a Gehring type self-improving property for parabolic reverse H\"older inequalities., Comment: 35 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2306.07600

This paper extends and complements the existing theory for the parabolic Muckenhoupt weights motivated by one-sided maximal functions and a doubly nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation of $p$-Laplace type. The main results include characterizations for the limiting parabolic $A_\infty$ and $A_1$ classes by applying an uncentered parabolic maximal function with a time lag. Several parabolic Calder\'on-Zygmund decompositions, covering and chaining arguments appear in the proofs., Comment: 39 pages

We introduce a weak Gurov-Reshetnyak class and discuss its connections to a weak Muckenhoupt $A_\infty$ condition and a weak reverse H\"older inequality in the setting of metric measure spaces with a doubling measure. A John-Nirenberg type lemma is shown for the weak Gurov-Reshetnyak class which gives a specific decay estimate for the oscillation of a function. It implies that a function in the weak Gurov-Reshetnyak class satisfies the weak reverse H\"older inequality. This comes with an upper bound for the reverse H\"older exponent depending on the Gurov-Reshetnyak parameter which allows the study of the asymptotic behavior of the exponent., Comment: 11 pages

Our main result is a weighted fractional Poincar\'e-Sobolev inequality improving the celebrated estimate by Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu. This also yields an improvement of the classical Meyers-Ziemer theorem in several ways. The proof is based on a fractional isoperimetric inequality and is new even in the non-weighted setting. We also extend the celebrated Poincar\'e-Sobolev estimate with $A_p$ weights of Fabes-Kenig-Serapioni by means of a fractional type result in the spirit of Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu. Examples are given to show that the corresponding $L^p$-versions of weighted Poincar\'e inequalities do not hold for $p>1$., Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure. Added Figure 2 and Remark 3.4

This work discusses parabolic Muckenhoupt weights on spaces of homogeneous type, i.e.\ quasi-metric spaces with both a doubling measure and an additional monotone geodesic property. The main results include a characterization in terms of weighted norm inequalities for parabolic maximal operators, a reverse H\"older inequality, and a Jones-type factorization result for this class of weights. The connection between the space of parabolic bounded mean oscillation and parabolic Muckenhoupt weights is studied by applying a parabolic John--Nirenberg lemma. A Coifman--Rochberg-type characterization of the space of parabolic bounded mean oscillation in terms of parabolic maximal functions is also given. The main challenges in the parabolic theory are related to the time lag in the estimates. The results are motivated by the corresponding Euclidean theory and the regularity theory for parabolic variational problems on metric measure spaces., Comment: 60 pages, Submitted

We discuss a parabolic version of the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation related to a doubly nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation. Parabolic John-Nirenberg inequalities, which give exponential decay estimates for the oscillation of a function, are shown in the natural geometry of the partial differential equation. Chaining arguments are applied to change the time lag in the parabolic John-Nirenberg inequality. We also show that the quasihyperbolic boundary condition is a necessary and sufficient condition for a global parabolic John-Nirenberg inequality. Moreover, we consider John-Nirenberg inequalities with medians instead of integral averages and show that this approach gives the same class of functions as the original definition., Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures

We discuss the dyadic John-Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of bounded mean oscillation. A John-Nirenberg inequality, which gives a weak type estimate for the oscillation of a function, is discussed in the setting of medians instead of integral averages. We show that the dyadic maximal operator is bounded on the dyadic John-Nirenberg space and provide a method to construct nontrivial functions in the dyadic John-Nirenberg space. Moreover, we prove that the John-Nirenberg space is complete. Several open problems are also discussed., Comment: 13 pages

We study the so-called John-Nirenberg space that is a generalization of functions of bounded mean oscillation in the setting of metric measure spaces with a doubling measure. Our main results are local and global John-Nirenberg inequalities, which give weak type estimates for the oscillation of a function. We consider medians instead of integral averages throughout, and thus functions are not a priori assumed to be locally integrable. Our arguments are based on a Calder\'{o}n-Zygmund decomposition and a good-$\lambda$ inequality for medians. A John-Nirenberg inequality up to the boundary is proven by using chaining arguments. As a consequence, the integral-type and the median-type John-Nirenberg spaces coincide under a Boman-type chaining assumption., Comment: 19 pages