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Background: Anthropometry is a part of physical anthropology, a science that allows the study of measurement methods on the human body and the use of mathematics to analyze the measured results in order to find patterns about human physical development. Measurement of the human body is one of the methods of assessing the general health and nutritional status of an individual or a population. Objectives: to confirm the anthropometric measurements and indexes of high school students in Can Tho city from 2019 to 2021. Materials and methods: a longitudinal section descriptive study in 400 high school students in Can Tho city from September 2019 to September 2021. The sample size was selected according to the cluster sampling method. Results: The growth in weight, vertical height, sitting height in our study was more than the growth over 20 years ago of students in the longitudinal study by Tham Thi Hoang Diep, the difference was statistically significant with p0.05. BMI is in the normal range according to the WHO grading scale for ages 5-19. the physical fitness of Vietnamese students is equivalent to that of China, higher than African countries but still lower than other countries in the Europe and America. Compared with the research results of Nguyen Phi Hung and Le Dinh Van more than 20 years ago, our study has a significant growth in length. Lower extremities were at the level of long legs after puberty (statistically significant difference p

Background: the anthropometrical measures and indexes are essential elements in research on human development. Measuring the measurement of the human physique to identify the developmental rules has been studied for a long time and in many places worldwide. Objectives: to confirm the anthropometrical measurement and indexes of first-grade pupils of Kinh, Khmer, and Champa folk in the Mekong Delta. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study of 1694 first-grade pupils at elementary, middle, and high school in the Mekong Delta from September 2020 to June 2021. The sample size was selected according to the cluster sampling method. Results: The number of males and females was not significantly different. The proportion of children of the Kinh and Khmer ethnic groups is similar and superior to the Champa ethnic group. At the elementary and middle school, the Kinh ethnic boys and girls’ weight is highest (p

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease listed as one of the top global health problems. Phaeanthus vietnamensis BÂN is a well-known medicinal plant in Vietnam with its anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory potential, and gastro-protective properties. However, there is no study about P. vietnamensis extract (PVE) on asthma disease. Here, an OVA-induced asthma mouse model was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects and possible mechanisms of PVE. BALB/c mice were sensitized by injecting 50 μg OVA into the peritoneal and challenged by nebulization with 5% OVA. Mice were orally administered various doses of PVE once daily (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (Dex; 2.5 mg/kg) or Saline 1 h before the OVA challenge. The cell infiltrated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed; levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulins in serum, cytokines, and transcription factors in the BALF were measured, and lung histopathology was evaluated. PVE, especially PVE 200mg/kg dose, could improve asthma exacerbation by balancing the Th1/Th2 ratio, reducing inflammatory cells in BALF, depressing serum anti-specific OVA IgE, anti-specific OVA IgG1, histamine levels, and retrieving lung histology. Moreover, the PVE treatment group significantly increased the expressions of antioxidant enzymes Nrf2 and HO-1 in the lung tissue and the level of those antioxidant enzymes in the BALF, decreasing the oxidative stress marker MDA level in the BALF, leading to the relieving the activation of MAPK signaling in asthmatic condition. The present study demonstrated that Phaeanthus vietnamensis BÂN, traditionally used in Vietnam as a medicinal plant, may be used as an efficacious agent for treating asthmatic disease.

This paper aims to experimentally study the compressive and flexural characteristics of cement-based composites developed for fabricating thin, lightweight, and high-performance components of buildings. Expanded hollow glass particles with a 0.25–0.5 mm particle size were used as lightweight fillers. Hybrid fibers made of amorphous metallic (AM) and nylon fibers were used to reinforce the matrix with a total volume fraction of 1.5%. The primary test parameters included the expanded glass-to-binder (EG/B) ratio, the fiber volume content ratio, and the length of the nylon fibers in the hybrid system. The experimental results demonstrate that the EG/B ratio and the volume dosage of the nylon fibers exhibited insignificant effects on the compressive strength of the composites. Additionally, the utilization of nylon fibers with a longer length of 12 mm resulted in a slight compressive strength reduction of approximately 13% compared to that of the 6 mm nylon fibers. Further, the EG/G ratio exhibited an insignificant effect on the flexural behavior of lightweight cement-based composites in terms of their initial stiffness, strength, and ductility. Meanwhile, the increasing AM fiber volume fraction in the hybrid system from 0.25% to 0.5% and 1.0% improved flexural toughness by 42.8% and 57.2%, respectively. In addition, the nylon fiber length significantly affected the deformation capacity at the peak load and the residual strength in the post-peak stage.

Background This retrospective hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the epidemiology, causative pathogens trend, and serotypes distribution of pneumococcal meningitis among children aged under five years with bacterial meningitis in southern Vietnam after the introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Methods From 2012 to 2021, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children aged under five years with suspected bacterial meningitis at Children's Hospitals 1 and 2 in Ho Chi Minh City. Probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were identified using biochemistry and cytology. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria meningitidis. S. pneumoniae serotyping was performed. Results Of the 2,560 PBM cases, 158 (6.2%) were laboratory-confirmed. The CBM proportion decreased during the 10-year study and was associated with age, seasonality, and permanent residence. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis (86.1%), followed by H. influenzae (7.6%) and N. meningitidis (6.3%). The case fatality rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.2%-12.2%). Pneumococcal serotypes 6A/B, 19F, 14, and 23F were the most prevalent, and the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis cases caused by the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased from 96.2% to 57.1% during the PCV eras. Conclusions S. pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of bacterial meningitis in children aged under five years in southern Vietnam over the last decade. Policymakers may need to consider introducing PCVs into the EPI to effectively prevent and control bacterial meningitis.

Top-base foundation (TBF) is a cutting-edge technology in construction area. It is in terms of increasing the load-carrying capacity of the ground, reducing settlement, especially the difference in settlement between the footings, resisting earthquake loads, fast construction, friendly environment, and low construction cost. To date, most of the research has mainly focused on field and laboratory experimental studies. These studies require large costs, and take a long time. In addition, most practical experiments only determine the displacement field, while the stress field is difficult to determine precisely. Therefore, in this study, a finite element analysis (FEA) is proposed based on verification with the experimental results of previous studies. Consequently, the accuracy and reliability of the FEA can be assessed. Through the FEA procedure, it is possible to predict the stress field with high reliability, which can be applied in practice, bringing economic efficiency, especially suitable for current conditions in Vietnam.

Background: COVID-19 is a rising health problem that affects not only the infected patients but also the non-COVID-19 group. There is a reduction of non-COVID-19 healthcare services during COVID-19 outbreaks which leads to subsequent increment of mortality. This study aims to investigate the impact of the fourth COVID-19 surge on the cardiology outpatient visits at Nhan dan Gia Dinh hospital. Method: A retrospective observational study was conducted using extracted data from the healthcare informative system of Nhan dan Gia Dinh hospital. Monthly trends of cardiology outpatient visits between May 1st, 2021 to August 31st, 2021 were compared with those of the previous four months and the same period of the year 2020. The demographic characteristics, diagnoses, and prescription behavior were described. Results: Non-COVID-19 cardiology outpatient visits showed a stable trend until the beginning of the fourth outbreak, in May 2021 when they dropped drastically by 50%. A reduction of 50% was observed in every diagnosis. There was a substantial decrease in visits from other provinces as well as in the concurrent diagnosis of cancer. No change in the rates of prescribed medications was observed besides the lengthening of the prescription time. Conclusion: The fourth COVID-19 wave caused a serious impact on cardiology outpatient care which might lead to an adverse prognosis. Though there has been some adaptive modification in prescription, this phenomenon calls for more attention and adequate measurements in the non-COVID-19 population for the later outbreaks.

Industry 4.0 significantly has changed the operating processes of traditional businesses. Technology, digital, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been put into practice to increase the effectiveness of corporate governance around the world. To be able to firmly integrate into the regional and global economy, general Vietnamese businesses and garment businesses, in particular, need to improve their management capacity and optimize both quantity and quality of products. Towards this goal, this paper presents the results of research on building a database on software to analyze the sewing process applied to industrial production for two groups of knitted products, namely polo shirt and t-shirt, the software uses Java programming language on Google's tool. The content of the topic has practical significance, aiming for industry, innovation, and infrastructure.

Study Objective To compare the recurrence rate, post-treatment American Fertility Society (AFS) score, ongoing pregnancy rate, and endometrial thickness of 3 secondary prevention therapies in preventing recurrent intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) and increasing pregnancy rates in infertile women after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. Design A retrospective study. Setting A private fertility hospital. Patients A total of 200 consecutive infertile women, with the desire to have a baby and were diagnosed as having IUAs detected by hysterosalpingogram, who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUAs from January, 2018 to May, 2020. Interventions Women who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis received hormone therapy, and one of the 3 secondary preventions: hyaluronic acid (HA) gel alone, intrauterine devices (IUDs) alone, or HA gel + IUD. Measurements and Main Results Of the 200 women included in the final analysis, 121 received HA alone, 59 were treated with IUD alone, and 20 received HA gel + IUD combination. The mean post-treatment AFS score for IUAs was significantly lower in the HA gel + IUD group than the HA alone or the IUD alone groups (adjusted p = .01 and p = .02, respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed a significantly lower recurrence rate in the women after treatment with HA gel + IUD than HA alone (adjusted odds ratio, 0.19; 95% credible interval [CreI], 0.03–0.88). Women treated with HA gel + IUD also had reduced post-treatment AFS scores compared with HA alone (β coefficients, −0.83; 95% CreI, −1.64 to −0.01). For ongoing pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization, the adjusted odds ratio for HA gel + IUD vs HA alone was 2.03 (95% CreI, 0.44–11.00) and for IUD alone vs HA alone was 1.13 (95% CreI, 0.41–3.29), indicating nonsignificant differences. There were no differences observed in endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer among the 3 groups. Conclusion The investigation of the primary outcome in reducing the recurrence rate IUA after treatment demonstrated that a combination of HA gel + IUD provides greater prevention of recurrent IUAs and may decrease post-treatment AFS scores for infertile women undergoing hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. However, for the secondary outcome of increasing pregnancy rates, there was no improvement in the ongoing pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization.

The atomically dispersed transition metal with nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) has been studied as a possible replacement for platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts in fuel cell electrodes. In this work, the Fe-N-C and Co-N-C are used as a hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (PRR) catalysts in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs). Using half-cell and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations, the PRR activity and durability of M-N-C are assessed. The Fe-N-C has higher activity on PRR than Co-N-C. Co-N-C is more stable than Fe-N-C under DBFC cathode, where hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid electrolyte are used as fuel. In the DBFC durability test, Fe-N-C demonstrates a performance loss of 18.6% following an accelerated durability test, whereas Co-N-C shows a more stable performance with a performance loss of only 6.7%. To examine the degradation mechanism of M-N-C, post-mortem XPS and Raman spectroscopy measurements are conducted. In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) simulation supports the Co-N-C stability on the catholyte. The usage of PGM catalysts is all replaced to transition metal catalysts in liquid fuel-operated DBFC systems.

A simple water-based broadband metamaterial absorber has been proposed for the terahertz region. The absorption bandwidth is extended based on large frequency dispersive permittivity and high relative dielectric loss of water. The simulated result indicates that the absorption of the proposed structure achieves over 90% in the frequency range from 0.6 to 10 THz at a normal incident angle. Moreover, the performance maintains high over 80% with a wide incident angle up to 60o for transverse electronic (TE) mode and over 90% up to 700 transverse magnetic (TM) mode in the entire operating frequency range. Therefore, the designed absorber has a potential candidate for broadband THz applications.

Simulation studies are a powerful tool in epidemiology and biostatistics, but they can be hard to conduct successfully. Sometimes unexpected results are obtained. We offer advice on how to check a simulation study when this occurs, and how to design and conduct the study to give results that are easier to check. Simulation studies should be designed to include some settings where answers are already known. They should be coded sequentially, with data generating mechanisms checked before simulated data are analysed. Results should be explored carefully, with scatterplots of standard error estimates against point estimates a powerful tool. Failed estimation and outlying estimates should be identified and avoided by changing data generating mechanisms or coding realistic hybrid analysis procedures. Finally, surprising results should be investigated by methods including considering whether sources of variation are correctly included. Following our advice may help to prevent errors and to improve the quality of published simulation studies.

Elevated flood risk due to sea level rise is expected to increase migration from coastal areas. This presents an enormous policy challenge given the hundreds of millions of people living in low-lying coastal areas globally. Despite its relevance, little empirical research has been done on what drives coastal residents to migrate or stay under increased flood risk. This study aims to improve the knowledge base on this topic by collecting and analyzing unique survey data of flood-prone coastal residents in Central Vietnam. To explain permanent migration intentions under increased flood risk, we present respondents with realistic scenarios of more frequent severe flooding and utilize a theoretical framework that incorporates flood risk indicators as well as key indicators of sustainable livelihoods. Results indicate that flood risk could play a major role in future migration behavior; permanent migration intentions strongly increase under the scenarios of increased flood risk. Several individual characteristics also play an important role in the migration decision. Regression analyses reveal that respondents who implemented in situ flood adaptation, and thereby reduced their flood risk, are less inclined to migrate. Past experiences during flooding such as evacuation or the reception of help from community members or the government are also strong predictors of migration intentions. Of the sustainable livelihood indicators, social capital plays the most important role, where a larger social network inside (outside) the place of residence is negatively (positively) related to migration intentions. We draw lessons from these insights for policymakers aiming to anticipate the challenge of sea level rise-induced migration.

Background MND-SMART is a platform, multi-arm, multi-stage, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial recruiting people with motor neuron disease. Initially, the treatments memantine and trazodone will each be compared against placebo, but other investigational treatments will be introduced into the trial later. The co-primary outcomes are the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALS-FRS-R) functional outcome, which is assessed longitudinally, and overall survival. Methods Initially in MND-SMART, participants are randomised 1:1:1 via a minimisation algorithm to receive placebo or one of the two investigational treatments with up to 531 to be randomised in total. The comparisons between each research arm and placebo will be conducted in four stages, with the opportunity to cease further randomisations to poorly performing research arms at the end of stages 1 or 2. The final ALS-FRS-R analysis will be at the end of stage 3 and final survival analysis at the end of stage 4. The estimands for the co-primary outcomes are described in detail. The primary analysis of ALS-FRS-R at the end of stages 1 to 3 will involve fitting a normal linear mixed model to the data to calculate a mean difference in rate of ALS-FRS-R change between each research treatment and placebo. The pairwise type 1 error rate will be controlled, because each treatment comparison will generate its own distinct and separate interpretation. This publication is based on a formal statistical analysis plan document that was finalised and signed on 18 May 2022. Discussion In developing the statistical analysis plan, we had to carefully consider several issues such as multiple testing, estimand specification, interim analyses, and statistical analysis of the repeated measurements of ALS-FRS-R. This analysis plan attempts to balance multiple factors, including minimisation of bias, maximising power and precision, and deriving clinically interpretable summaries of treatment effects. Trial registration EudraCT Number, 2019–000099-41. Registered 2 October 2019, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=mnd-smart ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04302870. Registered 10 March 2020.

Background: DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and sulphonylureas remain the most widely prescribed add-on treatments after metformin. However, there is limited evidence from clinical practice comparing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients prescribed these treatments, particularly among those without prior history of MACE and from vulnerable population.Methods: Using electronic health records from the UK primary care, we undertook a retrospective cohort study with people diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus, comparing incidence of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, major cardiovascular surgery, unstable angina) and all-cause mortality among those prescribed DPP-4i versus sulphonylureas as add-on to metformin. We stratified analysis by history of MACE, age, social deprivation and comorbidities and adjusted for HbA1c, weight, smoking-status, comorbidities and medications.Results: We identified 17,570 patients prescribed sulphonylureas and 6,267 prescribed DPP-4i between 2008-2017. Of these, 16.3% had pre-existing MACE. Primary incidence of MACE was similar in patients prescribed DPP-4i and sulphonylureas (10.3 vs 8.5 events per 1000 person-years; adjusted Hazard Ratio (adjHR): 0.94; 95%CI 0.80–1.14). For those with pre-existing MACE, rates for recurrence were higher, but similar between the two groups (21.8 vs 17.2 events per 1000 person-years; adjHR: 0.93; 95%CI 0.69–1.24). For those aged over 75 and with BMI less than 25kg/m2 there was a protective effect for DPP-I, warranting further investigation.Conclusions: Patients initiating a DPP-4i had similar risk of cardiovascular outcomes to those initiating a sulphonylurea. This indicates the choice should be based on safety and cost, not cardiovascular prognosis, when deciding between a DPP-4i or sulphonylurea as add-on to metformin.