Screening Y Chromosome Microdeletion in 1121 Men with Low Sperm Concentration and the Outcomes of Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction (mTESE) for Sperm Retrieval from Azoospermic Patients

Son The Trinh,1 Nhat Ngoc Nguyen,1 Hien Thi Thu Le,2 Hanh Thi My Pham,2 Sang Tien Trieu,3 Ngoc Thao My Tran,4 Hung Sy Ho,5 Danh Van Tran,6 Tam Van Trinh,2 Hiep Trong Hoang Nguyen,2 Ngoc Pham Minh,2 Trinh Duc Dang,7 Viet Huu Dinh,2 Hang Thi Doan1 1Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Andrology, Andrology and Fertility Hospital of Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Biology and Genetics, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Life Sciences, Biosciences Division, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK; 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 6Respiratory Center, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 7Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, VietnamCorrespondence: Hang Thi Doan, Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam, Email Doanthihang@vmmu.edu.vn Viet Huu Dinh, Andrology and Fertility Hospital of Hanoi, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam, Email Vietdh@afhanoi.comBackground: The Y chromosome has a specific region, namely the Azoospermia Factor (AZF) because azoospermia is typically reported in the microdeletion of the AZF region. This study aims to assess the characteristics of AZF microdeletion after screening a massive number of low sperm concentration men; and the Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) outcomes for retrieving sperm from azoospermic patients.Materials and Methods: This retrospective multiple-center study enrolled a total of 1121 men with azoospermia, cryptozoospermia, and severe oligozoospermia from December 2016 to June 2022. An extension analysis used a total of 17 STSs to detect the position-occurring microdeletion in the AZF region (AZFa, b, c, and/or d loci). Microdissection tes